taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ZFMK 39949, male (24.3 mm SL), Cameroon, at the road from Edea to Dizangue and Ndonga, in the Koungué, a small river in the forest near the village Koungué Ndonga (03 ° 48 ' 36.9 '' N, 09 ° 55 ' 03.9 '' E), U. Kämpf, R. Sonnenberg, and A. Tränkner leg., collection locality CMM 3. Paratypes. ZFMK 39950 – 39955 (2 males, 3 females, 1 juvenile), paratopotypes, collected with the holotype.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	description	ZFMK 39956 – 39957 (2 males), Cameroon, a small creek crossing the road Mbambou to Mouanko, some kilometers in oil palm plantation in direction Mouanko (03 ° 42 ' 48.8 '' N, 09 ° 51 ' 28.2 '' E), H. Kullmann and M. Völker leg., collection locality KV 03 / 14. ZFMK 39958 – 39959 (2 males), Cameroon, near the road from Edea to Kribi (03 ° 32 ' 28.9 '' N, 10 ° 05 ' 12.1 '' E), U. Kämpf, R. Sonnenberg and A. Tränkner leg., collection locality CMM 8. ZFMK 39960 – 39964 (3 males, 2 females), Cameroon, a small creek crossing the road from Edea to Kribi, near the village Koukoué (03 ° 43 ' 18.1 '' N, 10 ° 06 ' 26.9 '' E), H. Kullmann, B. Misof and R. Sonnenberg leg., collection locality C 01 / 77. ZFMK 39965 – 39969 (4 males, 1 female), Cameroon, a small creek near the road Edea to Kribi (03 ° 36 ' 29.2 '' N, 10 ° 06 ' 26.2 '' E), H. Kullmann, B. Misof and R. Sonnenberg leg., collection locality C 01 / 78. CENAREST, Batoke, Cameroon (1 male, 1 female), same collection data as ZFMK 39960 – 39964, collection locality C 01 / 77.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chromaphyosemion koungueense is distinguished from its closest relatives, C. omega sp. nov. and C. punctulatum, by the bluish-green color on side of males and copper-brown metallic scales on dorsal part of sides; with bluish-green to yellow-greenish unpaired fins, on dorsal and caudal fins with red dots or streaks in basal and streaks in distal parts, almost no red patterns on pelvic and anal fins except for small red stripes on fin rays in anal fin in some specimens versus bluish-orange on sides with metallic greenish to copper scales on dorsal sides in combination with mainly orange fins with greenish center in dorsal and caudal and nearly complete orange anal and pelvic fins in C. omega sp. nov. or greenish sides with bluish-green metallic scales on dorsal part of sides, red dots on greenish to yellowish-green anal fin in combination with mainly red dots in dorsal and caudal fin in C. punctulatum. Lateral dark stripes in males more prominent than in C. omega sp. nov. and C. splendopleure s. l. It is distinguished from C. loennbergii by the greenish body color and greenish color of pelvic and anal fins, if yellow to yellow-orange then only in lower half versus metallic copper color on scales on dorsal part of sides and bluish on sides in males, with blue in lower half and orange in upper half of anal fin. It is distinguished from C. melanogaster by the more bluish-green color on side of males together with the orange anterior ventral color of body and orange in caudal and anal fins versus green color on sides and not orange on anterior ventral body, unpaired fins green. The species can be distinguished from C. splendopleure s. l. by the sides being bluish-green with greenish color of anal fin and marginal blue band versus reddish, orange or yellow with bluish or pinkish on sides in adult males, orange or yellowgreenish anal fin with greenish or orange marginal band. It is distinguished by all remaining Chromphyosemion species by the unique combination of color patterns.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	description	Description. See Figures 3 – 6 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data of the type series. Shows all characters apomorphic for Chromaphyosemion, strong sexual dimorphism, adult males more colorful and usually larger than females and having larger fins with extended fin rays. Slender, laterally slightly rounded and elongate small nothobranchiid species, females anteriorly more rounded than males. Dorsal profile straight on head, from nape to caudal peduncle slightly convex, greatest body height anterior to base of dorsal and anal fin. Ventral profile slightly convex from head to end of anal fin base, caudal peduncle slightly concave on ventral. Snout slightly rounded, mouth directed upwards, lower jaw longer than upper, posterior end of mouth at same level as center of eye. Dorsal and anal fins in males pointed, dorsal fin with elongated fin streamer, anal fin trapezoid, only slightly pointed. Caudal fin in males with middle lobe; elongated fin streamers with same color as in dorsal fin. Fins in females generally smaller and rounded. Unpaired fins usually covered basally with an opaque mucus film. Dorsal and anal fins posterior to mid-body. First ray of dorsal fin in front or above 1 st or 2 nd anal fin ray. Dorsal fin with 11 – 13 rays, anal fin with 13 – 14 rays. Pectoral fins extending over origin of pelvic fins, pelvic fins not or just reaching anal fin. TABLE 2. Morphometrics of Chromaphyosemion koungueense sp. nov .. All measurements in percents of standard length (SL), except standard length in mm. TL = total length, PD = predorsal fin distance, HL = length of head, pPD = prepelvic fin distance, pAD = preanal fin distance, HB = greatest body height, HC = height of caudal peduncle, CL = length of caudal peduncle, BD = base of dorsal fin, BA = base of anal fin, D = dorsal fin rays, A = anal fin rays, D / A = dorsal / anal fin position, E = eye diameter, I = interorbital width, LLS = lateral line scales, TS = transverse row of scales, CS = scales around caudal peduncle, SD = standard deviation, juv. = juvenile. Scales cycloid, body and head entirely scaled, except ventral surface of head. Frontal squamation of Gtype, scales on mid-longitudinal series 24 – 26 + 2 – 3 on caudal fin base. Transverse row of scales above pelvic fins 8 – 9, circum-peduncular scale row 12 – 13. Open frontal neuromast system with two separate grooves, preopercular neuromast system with 6 pores. Coloration. Live specimens. Males (Figs. 3 – 5). Back brownish, scale border darker, some with red dots, upper rows of scales on sides from approximately area of greatest body height to end of caudal peduncle reflecting metallic copper to greenish. On sides two parallel black stripes, the upper one starting on lower lip through center of eye straight to dorsal part of caudal peduncle, the lower stripe starting on throat, running directly under eye to ventral part of caudal peduncle, both ending at caudal fin base. Black stripes can completely disappear depending on mood and social status of individual or only traces are seen from upper one on anterior half of body, lower one from anterior base of anal fin to base of caudal fin on ventral caudal peduncle; in fully colored males a dark marking of upper stripe left directly behind opercle. Sides pale grey to beige, many scales with dark border or red dot. Anterior ventral part in males often orange, on lower dark stripe scales with metallic bluish to greenish sheen. In fully colored males, throat and belly at anterior part of body orange, above and on posterior sides metallic bluish-green or greenish, ventrally posterior lower black stripe often visible. Dorsal fin in center bluish-green or greenish, on anterior part sometimes with copper or orange area, posterior green. On basal part red dots between fin rays, in most specimens fusing to streaks in upper half of fin, fin streamer yellow to orange. Anal fin greenish, on basal part blue in several specimens, submarginal band red, marginal band blue, in central part of anal fin sometimes with a yellowish-green or yellowish-orange area, often restricted between fin rays. Usually without red dots or streaks in anal fin, in some specimens with basal row of red dots. Caudal fin upper and lower margin blue, in lower part with submarginal red band, in upper part blue margin interrupted by red streaks. Fin in center green or bluish-green, in most specimens one not sharply separated yellowish-green to orange band above submarginal red band. Between fin rays red streaks in posterior central part, in anterior part quite variable, varying from red dots to streaks, red pattern ranging between fine to rather broad markings. Orange fin streamers in adult males, in young fish sometimes whitish to yellow. Pelvic fins similarly colored as anal fin, greenish to yellowish-green with red submarginal and blue marginal band. Pectoral fins hyaline with yellow to greenish hue, more intensive on outer fin border. Females (Fig. 6). Back brown, dorsally first three rows of scales with metallic copper or greenish color, similar but less pronounced as in males; scales with dark border, some with red dot, on sides two parallel black stripes, between stripes pale greyish to bluish, ventrally greyish to whitish. Some specimens with small red dots on scales, more or less regularly in rows. Orange area on opercle between lateral stripes. All fins hyaline, coloration similar to fins of males, metallic bluish-greenish. Dark or red dots in dorsal, dots or streaks in caudal fin. Anal fin greenish with dark submarginal region and marginal blue band. Pelvic fins hyaline greenish with bluish margin. Pectoral fins hyaline with little dark pigmentation. Preserved in ethanol. Males. Back and sides brown, both lateral stripes dark brown, belly light brown to whitish. Scales on back with dark brown border forming reticulated pattern, on back and sides sometimes traces of red on scales. Border of opercle ventral to lower stripe dark, below lower lip whitish to beige. Unpaired and pelvic fins hyaline greyish with dark pigmentation between fin rays, dark margins on unpaired and pelvic fins. Pectoral fins hyaline. Females. Similar to males and juveniles. Body brownish, scales on back with dark border, belly beige to whitish. Fins hyaline greyish, little dark pigmentation and no dark margin on anal fin.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the river and the nearby village Koungué, the collection locality of the holotype. With this name, I also want to acknowledge the friendly welcome and invaluable help of the Koungué villagers.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. C. koungueense is endemic in Cameroon and known from the area north of Kribi up to Douala at the Wouri (see Map 1). South of the Sanaga it is replaced in the east by C. loennbergii, north of the Sanaga by C. omega sp. nov. and C. riggenbachi. In the northern part of its distribution area it is replaced by C. splendopleure s. l. probably at the Wouri, in the south it is currently not clear if it is in direct contact with C. melanogaster or C. punctulatum. Around Kribi the latter two species are known together with C. loennbergii but the distribution of C. koungueense for this area is unknown in detail. The type locality is a small river in the forest, about 3 m wide and 0.4 m deep. It has a muddy bottom on sand, covered with decomposing leaves. The water temperature was 26 ° C, air temperature 28 ° C, pH 4.9 and conductivity ~ 10 µS / cm. Syntopic fish species were Epiplatys infrafasciatus, ' Aphyosemion' ahli, Kribia nana, juvenile Benitochromis cf. finleyi and Barboides gracilis.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF49678725FCC68F88FCC1F364.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is comparatively variable in color patterns compared to C. omega sp. nov. and C. punctulatum as closely related species. Despite this the isolated populations of Bioko and Bimbia (Figs. 7 – 8) are tentatively excluded here as there are probably significant differences in color patterns, but not as clear as in comparison with C. omega sp. nov. Additionally they are completely allopatric and separated from the distribution area of C. koungueense by the Atlantic Ocean or the Wouri estuary respectively. Instead of the premature inclusion in the latter species, the taxonomic status of these populations should be reconsidered after detailed studies including, e. g., mate-choice experiments.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496A8721FCC689D7FB10F6A4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ZFMK 39970, male (31.3 mm SL), Cameroon, old road from Edea to Douala, small river Ngo Njock near the village Ndog Nyang, (03 ° 59 ' 12.4 '' N, 10 ° 05 ' 50.3 '' E), U. Kämpf, R. Sonnenberg and A. Tränkner leg., collection locality CMM 7. Paratypes. ZFMK 39971 – 39980 (7 males, 2 females, 1 juvenile), paratopotypes, collected with holotype.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496A8721FCC689D7FB10F6A4.taxon	description	ZFMK 39981 – 39986 (5 males, 1 female, 1 juvenile), Cameroon, creek crossing the old road from Edea to Douala, near Bonepoupa (04 ° 06 ' 30.1 '' N, 10 ° 01 ' 12.6 '' E), H. Kullmann, B. Misof and R. Sonnenberg leg., collection locality C 01 / 62. CENAREST, Batoke, Cameroon (1 male), same collection data as holotype. CENAREST, Batoke, Cameroon (1 female), same collection data as ZFMK 39981 – 39986.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496A8721FCC689D7FB10F6A4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chromaphyosemion omega is distinguished from all surrounding and closely related congeners by completely orange anal and pelvic fins without red pattern, a red submarginal and a blue marginal band, in some specimens a small greenish basal part with a row of basal dark red dots in anal fin versus incomplete orange anal fin with red markings and always blue in lower half, but above submarginal red band in C. loennbergii, greenish in C. koungueense, only partially orange with yellow or greenish anal in C. splendopleure s. l. and C. punctulatum, or with a yellow or greenish marginal band in C. splendopleure s. l. It is distinguished from all remaining Chromphyosemion species by the unique combination of color patterns.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496A8721FCC689D7FB10F6A4.taxon	description	Description. See Figures 9 – 11 for general appearance and Table 3 for morphometric data of the type series and for general description under C. koungueense. First ray of dorsal fin in front or above 1 st or 2 nd anal fin ray. Dorsal fin with 11 – 13 rays, anal fin with 13 – 15 rays. Pectoral fins extending over origin of pelvic fins, pelvic fins not or nearly reaching anal fin. Pectoral fin rays dorsally longer then ventrally. Scales cycloid, body and head entirely scaled, except ventral surface of head. Frontal squamation of Gtype, scales on mid-longitudinal series 23 – 26 + 2 – 3 on caudal fin base. Transverse row of scales above pelvic fins 8 – 9, circum-peduncular scale row 12 – 13. Open frontal neuromast system with two separate grooves, preopercular neuromast system with 6 pores. Coloration. Live specimens. Males (Figs. 9 – 10). Back brownish, scales from point of greatest body height on sides dorsally metallic copper to greenish, sides between black lateral stripes pale greyish with a light blue metallic sheen, ventrally greyish to whitish, from lower head extending ventrally on sides to end of caudal more or less greyish to orange, often also on sides on caudal peduncle behind posterior end of caudal fin base. Yellowish or orange metallic blotch on opercle behind eye between lateral stripes. In fully colored males upper half of sides with metallic copper to greenish color, middle of sides light bluish and lower sides with intensive orange color. Three rows of red dots on scales extending from opercle and dissolve into irregularly distributed red dots on sides, lower row on middle of body splitting in two rows posterior to opercle. Dorsal fin greenish or bluish-green, upper half more orange with orange fin streamer. Red dots between fin rays, on upper half of fin often fusing into streaks. Anal fin orange, sometimes basal green or bluish-green band with red dots, anal fin center usually without red markings. Submarginal band red, marginal band blue. Posterior end of fin sometimes with small extension, yellow or bluish. Caudal fin center bluish-green to hyaline orange, in lower part bordered by orange line directly extending into lower fin streamer above red submarginal band, marginal band blue. Upper margin of caudal fin with small blue band, interrupted by red markings; below orange, extending from base of caudal fin straight into upper fin streamer, often conspicuously colored yellow to orange. Red dots and streaks between fin rays. Pelvic fins similarly colored as anal fin, orange with submarginal red and marginal blue bands. Pectoral fins hyaline orange, distally darker. Females (Fig. 11). Back brown, three dorsolateral rows of scales with metallic copper or greenish color from point of greatest body height to end of caudal peduncle. Scales with darker borders, sometimes with red dots; on sides with two parallel black stripes, between stripes pale greyish or beige, some bluish-green metallic scales on posterior sides, on lower anterior sides orange hue, ventrally light grey to whitish. Some specimens with small red dots on scales, more or less regularly in rows. Orange area on opercle between lateral stripes. All fins hyaline, coloration similar to fins of males except anal fin, greenish, at least lower half orange to yellowish. Dark or red dots in dorsal fin, dots and streaks in caudal fin, in some specimens also red dots in anal fin. Anal and caudal fins with blue marginal band, anal fin with dark red submarginal band. Pelvic fins hyaline greenish in upper half, orange in lower half with bluish margin. Pectoral fins hyaline with slightly dark pigmentation and metallic blue margin on lower distal half. Preserved in ethanol. Males. Back and sides brown, both lateral stripes dark brown, belly beige to whitish. Scales on back and sides with dark brown border forming a reticulated pattern. Border of opercle ventrally of lower stripe dark, area below lower lip whitish to beige. Unpaired and pelvic fins hyaline greyish with dark pigmentation at fin rays, dark margin on unpaired and pelvic fins. Pectoral fins hyaline. Females. Similar to males and juveniles. Body brownish, scales on back with dark border, belly beige to whitish. Fins hyaline greyish, slight dark pigmentation and no dark margin on anal fin.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496A8721FCC689D7FB10F6A4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named with regard to Chromaphyosemion alpha in the sense of alpha ' the beginning'; from Greek: omega used in the meaning of ' the end'. This is meant in relation to the relative (phylogenetic) position of both species within Chromaphyosemion with C. alpha as the basal species and C. omega as a more derived species, which is the result of a recent radiation.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496A8721FCC689D7FB10F6A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Chromaphyosemion omega is currently known from several places along the road between Kopongo / Somakek and Bonepoupa (see Map 1). Near Somakek it is found in sympatry with C. riggenbachi. The latter species also occurs in rivers within the distribution range of C. omega but extends further north, south and east of the latter. To the west and northwest, C. omega is replaced by the closely related C. koungueense. Near Bonepoupa both species are found in close vicinity between the localities Mangoule and KV 03 / 17 (C. koungueense) and C 01 / 62 (C. omega). The type locality is a small river in the forest with a maximal depth of approximately 0.2 m and up to 3 m wide. The bottom consists of sand and gravel and lacking aquatic plants. The water temperature was 26.6 ° C, air temperature 30 ° C, pH 6 and conductivity ~ 10 µS / cm. Syntopic fishes were Epiplatys infrafasciatus, ' Aphyosemion' ahli, ' A. ' franzwerneri, Procatopus sp. and an undetermined juvenile clariid species.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496E873DFCC68A25FDD4F63C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ZFMK 40000, male (25.1 mm SL), Cameroon, on the road from Kribi to Ebolowa, the first stream crossing the road after the village Akok in direction Ebolowa (02 ° 47 ' 30.4 '' N, 10 ° 17 ' 00.0 '' E), U. Kämpf, R. Sonnenberg and A. Tränkner leg., collection locality CMM 36. Left pectoral fin taken for DNA, sample RS 1004. Paratypes. ZFMK 39987 – 39988 (1 male, 1 female), paratopotypes, collected with holotype.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496E873DFCC68A25FDD4F63C.taxon	description	ZFMK 39989 – 39997 (2 males, 6 females, 2 juveniles), Cameroon, at the road from Kribi to Ebolowa, near the village Fenda (02 ° 49 ' 02.7 '' N, 10 ° 22 ' 50.6 '' E), U. Kämpf, R. Sonnenberg and A. Tränkner leg., collection locality CMM 38. ZFMK 39998 – 39999 (2 males), Cameroon, on the road from Kribi to Ebolowa, the small creek Mintang near the village Fenda (02 ° 49 ' 36.0 '' N, 10 ° 22 ' 39.0 '' E), W. Eberl, U. Kämpf, A. Kliesch leg., collection locality KEK 98 / 10. ZFMK 40001 – 40003 (1 male, 2 females), Cameroon, a small creek crossing the road from Kribi to Ebolowa, near the village Njabilobé, no GPS data, W. Eberl, U. Kämpf, A. Kliesch leg., collection locality KEK 98 / 9. ZFMK 40004 (1 male), Cameroon, on the road from Kribi to Ebolowa, east of Akok (02 ° 47 ' 56.2 '' N, 10 ° 18 ' 55.3 '' E), U. Kämpf, R. Sonnenberg and A. Tränkner leg., collection locality CMM 37. CENAREST, Batoke, Cameroon (1 male), collection locality KEK 98 / 10. CENAREST, Batoke, Cameroon (1 female), collection locality CMM 38.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496E873DFCC68A25FDD4F63C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chromaphyosemion melinoeides differs from all other species, except C. lugens and C. bivittatum, by male and female color pattern. It is distinguished from its closest relative, C. lugens, by the orange color on throat and belly, orange on basal half of anal and dorsal fins and orange fin streamer on dorsal fin in males and orange in ventral part of caudal fin in females; the anterior or complete dorsal fin orange, orange hue on flanks of females versus a pale grey to dark color on throat, mostly bluish to greenish on middle part of anal and basal part of dorsal fins, with whitish or yellow fin streamer and yellowish-green to greenish dorsal fin and pale brown to whitish flanks and absence of orange in caudal fin in females; it is distinguished from the very similar C. bivittatum by dots and streaks on caudal fin versus only red dots on caudal fin and the absence of red dot or vertical bar on posterior end of caudal peduncle, which is an apomorphy for C. bivittatum.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496E873DFCC68A25FDD4F63C.taxon	description	Description. See Figures 12 – 14 for general appearance and Table 4 for morphometric data of the type series and for general description under C. koungueense. First ray of dorsal fin in front of origin of anal fin or above first to third anal fin ray. Dorsal fin with 11 – 13 rays; anal fin with 13 – 15 rays. Pectoral fins extending over origin of pelvic fins, pelvic fins not or nearly reaching anal fin. Pectoral fin rays dorsally longer than ventrally. TABLE 4. Morphometrics of Chromaphyosemion melinoeides sp. nov .. All measurements in percents of standard length (SL), except standard length in mm. For abbreviations see Table 2. Scales cycloid, body and head entirely scaled, except ventral surface of head. Frontal squamation of Gtype, scales on mid-longitudinal series 23 – 26 + 2 – 3 on caudal fin base. Transverse row of scales above pelvic fin 8 – 9, circum-peduncular scale row 12 – 14. Open frontal neuromast system with two separate grooves, preopercular neuromast system with 6 pores. Coloration. Live specimens. Males (Figs. 12 – 13). Back brownish, three rows of dorsolateral metallic copper to green-blue scales on sides, scale borders dark, with irregularly distributed red dots. On sides two parallel black stripes: upper from lower lip through center of eye straight to dorsal part of caudal peduncle, lower from throat under eye and extending to ventral part of caudal peduncle, both end at caudal fin base. As in all Chromaphyosemion species black stripes can disappear depending on mood and social status of the individual. Sides pale beige, anterior with an orange hue and with some metallic bluish or greenish scales on posterior sides, orange on throat and ventral anterior part of sides. Belly greyish with orange hue to orange. Three rows of red dots extending from opercle, lower row splitting in two at end of opercle, all rows extending irregularly on sides to posterior end of caudal peduncle. Anterior part of dorsal fin orange, posterior part with greenish hue, between fin rays large dark red dots irregularly distributed, often fusing to streaks on distal part, fin streamer orange. Anal fin orange or with additional greenish-bluish areas, with row of dark red dots basally, in some specimens additional red dots in second row or irregularly distributed on fin; above dark submarginal band often a blue, irregular band; marginal band very small and blue. Caudal fin upper and lower border light blue, center darker blue or blue-greenish, between fin rays red dots on anterior part followed by streaks on posterior part, lower submarginal an irregular red band. In most adult specimens orange fin streamers present. Pelvic fins similarly colored as anal fin, at base dark red followed by orange, a bluish-green part above submarginal dark red band and small blue marginal band. Pectoral fins hyaline with some dark pigmentation, ventral half of fin with small light blue marginal band. Females (Fig. 14). General color pattern similar to males, dorsally brown with some rows of metallic copper to greenish scales, on sides with two black stripes as in males, between stripes pale orange or light brown, three lines of red dots extending from opercule, lower splits at posterior part of opercle into two lines, as in males; ventrally whitish-grey. Dorsal fin orange anteriorly, posterior part greenish, dark red dots or streaks between fin rays. Posterior border of fin with irregular dark dots forming dark band followed posteriorly by small blue band. Anal fin with basal dark line, bluish-green color, dark submarginal and small blue marginal band. Caudal fin hyaline, with sometimes blue and red dots on anterior part and orange on lower margin. Pelvic fin color as in anal fin, pectoral fins hyaline with bluish ventral marginal band. Preserved in ethanol. Males. Back and sides brown, both lateral stripes dark brown, belly light brown to whitish. Scales on back and sides with dark brown border forming reticulated pattern. Border of opercle ventral of lower stripe dark, lips whitish to beige. Unpaired and pelvic fins hyaline greyish with dark pigmentation on fin rays, dark margin on unpaired and pelvic fins, the dark red patterns of the live color pattern on unpaired fins dark brown. Pectoral fins hyaline. Females. Similar to males and juveniles. Body brownish, scales on back with dark border, belly beige to whitish. Fins hyaline greyish, dark brown dots on unpaired fins, less on anal; dark margins on fins. Lower bor- der of caudal fin whitish.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496E873DFCC68A25FDD4F63C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the conspicuous orange color on the throat, belly and fins. Derived from the Greek word melinoeides, meaning orange-colored.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
03B787BF496E873DFCC68A25FDD4F63C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Chromaphyosemion melinoeides is known from several collection localities along the road from Kribi to Ebolowa between the villages Akok and Akom II and on the road from Akom II to Bipindi (see Map 1). Here it was found in places close to collection localities of C. loennbergii and in one case both species were found in sympatry (locality KEK 98 / 12, W. Eberl, U. Kämpf & A. Kliesch, pers. comm.). From current knowledge, in the west, north and east it is replaced by C. loennbergii, the situation in the south is currently unknown. At present, it seems that all of the collection localities belong to the Kienke river system. The type locality is a small creek, about 1.5 m wide and 0.5 m deep, crossing the road. The bottom of the river consists of sand and gravel with leaves and submersed wood, shaded by the forest. The water temperature was 25.9 ° C, air temperature 31.3 ° C, pH 6.5 and conductivity between 10 – 20 µS / cm. ' Aphyosemion' ahli was also found at the type locality.	en	Sonnenberg, Rainer (2007): Description of three new species of the genus Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from the coastal plains of Cameroon with a preliminary review of the Chromaphyosemion splendopleure complex. Zootaxa 1591: 1-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178554
