taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B7A875FFA6FF98FDB59112FB10F874.taxon	discussion	This species was classified in the subgenus Evylaeus Robertson, 1902 by Ebmer (1988) and more recently placed in the subgenus Hemihalictus Cockerell, 1897 by Gibbs et al. (2013).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFA7FF87FD109771FA98FB6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: 1 ♂, England (NHMUK 013380582), male lectotype designated by Ebmer 1988: 649. Examined by DGN (Fig. 6).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFA7FF87FD109771FA98FB6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks Halictus hirtellus The type of Halictus hirtellus Schenck, 1869, was examined by Blüthgen (1920: 278). Blüthgen (1930: 743) also mentions our pseudocryptic species as a form needing more research and he specifies that it is not Halictus hirtellus (“ die nicht etwa hirtellus Schck ist ”). Ebmer (1975) designated a lectotype from Letmathe an der Lenne (51 ° 22 ′ N, 7 ° 36 ′ E), a locality in Germany, that is out of the distribution of the new sub-Mediterranean pseudocryptic species L. medinai (the specimen from Germany in the cluster of L. medinai comes from a locality further south: Baden-Württemberg, Müllheim, 47 ° 49 ′ N, 7 ° 37 ′ E). Halictus barkensis Blüthgen described this species as close to L. villosulum, but with a longer head. Ebmer (1974: 188; 1976: 253) considered L. barkense as a valid species occurring in Morocco (Grand Atlas), Libya, Israel and Turkey, but Warncke (1976: 94), Ebmer (1988: 649) and Pesenko (2007 a: 41) considered it a synonym of L. villosulum. Halictus villiersi The type of H. villiersi is relatively small (6 mm), the punctation of the scutum is relatively dense and the propodeum is relatively well wrinkled. Ebmer (1974: 188; 1976: 253) considered L. villiersi as a synonym of L. barkense (Blüthgen, 1930) but Ebmer (1988: 649) reassessed it as a synonym of L. villosulum.	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFA7FF87FD109771FA98FB6D.taxon	materials_examined	Distribution Distribution (the asterisk * means that identification of specimens from that country has been confirmed in the current study): This subspecies is distributed throughout the western Palaearctic. Described from the United Kingdom, it is known from the Azores * (Weismann et al. 2017: 82), Madeira (Fellendorf et al. 1999: 4), Canary Islands (Warncke 1975 b: 205), Spain * (including the Balearics *) (Ortiz-Sanchez & Pauly 2017: 40), France * (including Corsica) (Pauly & Belval 2017: 27), Belgium *, The Netherlands *, Luxemburg *, Germany *, Denmark (Rasmussen et al. 2016: 47), Norway *, Sweden (Svensson et al. 1990: 50), Finland * (north to 64 ° N), Ireland *, Switzerland (Amiet et al. 2001: 150), Italy * (including Sardinia), Austria (Ebmer 1988: 649), Czech Republic and Slovakia (Pridal 2004: 40), Poland (Pesenko et al. 2000: 291), Slovenia (Gogala 1999: 19), Serbia *, Croatia *, Romania (Goaga 2003: 193), Bulgaria *, Greece * (including Crete *), Ukraine, Turkey (Warncke 1975 a: 91), Israel * (Bytinsky-Salz & Ebmer 1974: 188), Russia (Levchenko 2015: 17), Udmurtia (Pesenko 2007 b: 113), Iran (Ebmer 1978 c: 76), Afghanistan (Ebmer 1974: 200), India (Himashal Pradesh; Ebmer 2004: 131), Nepal (Ebmer 2004: 131), Morocco * (Ebmer, 1976: 253), Algeria *, Tunisia *, Libya (Blüthgen 1930: 224), Egypt (Blüthgen 1933: 19), Yemen * (Sanaa, Jebel Jaïf). The subspecies occurs also in North America where it has been barcoded from Canada (British Columbia *) and USA (Washington State *) (Gibbs, pers. comm.).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFB9FF81FDC09363FB93FE45.taxon	distribution	Distribution This subspecies is distributed from East Himalaya, China (Ebmer 1978 a: 207; 2006: 569), Mongolia (Ebmer 1982: 219; 2005: 378), Japan (Hokkaido: Usui et al. 1976: 228; Izu: Takahashi & Sakagami 1993: 271, 275; Honshu: Haneda 1990: 8; Okinawa: Azuma & Kinjo 1987: 314), North Korea (Ebmer 1978 b: 315), South Korea (Murao 2017), south of Russian Far East (Primorsk Terr.: Ebmer 1996: 285, 2006: 569; Amur Prov.: Pesenko 2007 b: 113), Taiwan and south to Malaysia (Fig. 11). It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the status and diagnosis of this subspecies, as little material is available for examination and no fresh material was available for DNA study. The subspecies is distinguished from the subspecies villosulum mainly by shorter and more rounded head and broader eyes. We have examined and photographed the heads of old specimens from the typical locality in Taiwan and preserved in the MNHUB and compared them with the heads of L. villosulum villosulum and L. medinai (Fig. 12). The punctation and genitalia of males are similar to those of L. villosulum.	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFBFFF81FDC9947BFDFDFBA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution This subspecies inhabits the Arabian Peninsula (Oman, UAE) and is distinguished mainly by red terga (Figs 13 – 14). Also conspicuous are the zones of snow white, felted, adpressed pubescence on the face, particularly on frontal area and pronotum, and white, felted, upstanding hairs on the mesopleura, particularly the front as well as the posterior propodeal surface and the lateral fields above. This pubescence marks the subspecies as a desert form (Ebmer 2008: 560; Dathe 2009: 385). Specimens from Oman and UAE have red terga, whereas those from Yemen, identified as L. villosulum by Ebmer (D. Notton, unpublished new record), have dark black terga. Maybe there is more taxonomic complexity here, but it is outside the scope of the current project to further examine this. It may correlate with topography and climate since Oman and UAE are generally lower altitude (hotter) and Yemen is generally higher altitude (cooler).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFBFFF8BFDBD9224FD86FC0F.taxon	diagnosis	New diagnosis Morphological examination of the type of Halictus medinai confirms that this large specimen belongs to the cryptic species. Its size is 7 mm (Fig. 2 C – D), the punctation of the scutum is denser than in L. villosulum. Head, punctation of the scutum, sculpture of propodeum and punctation of terga of the male holotype are illustrated (Fig. 15). Morphological examination of the females makes it possible to note immediately, in addition to a larger body size (7 mm), the denser punctation of the scutum (Fig. 16) as well as the stronger wrinkles of the propodeum, which reach the posterior edge (Fig. 17). In most cases, we can verify the identification using two more subtle characters: (1) the punctation of the tergum 1 is much more superficial in the middle and on the apical margin, absent in the middle of the apical margin, whereas in L. villosulum the punctation of the tergum 1 is deeper and the apical margin is punctuated even in the middle (Fig. 18). (2) a small unpunctuated area in front of the larger anterior ocelli, more extended than in L. villosulum, and punctation around this area finer (Fig. 19). Morphological examination of a single male of L. medinai obtained by breeding and from Uchaux confirms that males of this species also have denser punctation on the scutum. The genitalia of several large males with denser punctation of the scutum and collected at the same time as females of L. medinai show only very subtle differences which may be characteristic (Fig. 20): – L. medinai: reflexed gonostylus lobe with apex blunt (Fig. 20 Cb), outer hind corner more produced (Fig. 20 Ca); gonostylus in line with axis of gonocoxite (Fig. 20 Cc). – L. villosulum: reflexed gonostylus lobe with apex more tapered, outer hind corner less produced; gonostylus directed inwards relative to axis of gonocoxite. Also, in L. medinai the bristles of the last sterna form a slightly thicker fringe (Fig. 21).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFBFFF8BFDBD9224FD86FC0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined The following specimens of Lasioglossum medinai were identified by morphology (the asterisk * indicates the specimens selected for barcoding); countries are mentioned from west to east and from north to south: SPAIN – Cadiz • 2 ♀♀ *; Jerez de la Frontera, 29 SQA 541660; 40 m; 29 Mar. 2009; J. Ortiz-Sanchez leg. – Segovia • 1 ♀ *; Rio Millanillos, Madrona; 40 ° 54 ′ N, 4 ° 09 ′ W; 930 m; 9 Jun. 2012; J. Ortiz-Sanchez leg. – Albacete • 1 ♀; Caserio zapateros, Sa Alcaraz, 30 SWH 44468; 1150 m; 23 Apr. 2005, F. J. Ortiz-Sanchez leg. – Cordoba • 3 ♀♀; Fuente Obejuna, 30 STH 7940; 600 m; 26 Apr. 2009; J. Ortiz-Sanchez leg. – Badajoz • 1 ♀; Badajoz, 29 SPD 7209; 200 m; 25 Apr. 2009; J. Ortiz-Sanchez leg. FRANCE – Alpes-de-Haute Provence • 1 ♀; Manosque S of 4.2 km; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 2 ♀♀; 27 Jul. 2005, 4 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA. – Aude • 1 ♀ *; Arzens, Bellevue; 43 ° 12 ′ N, 2 ° 13 ′ E; 10 May 2014; D. Genoud leg. et coll. • 1 ♀ *; Saint-Marcel-sur-Aude, Le Four à Chaux; 17 Apr. 2014; D. Genoud leg. et coll. • 1 ♀; Pennautier; 11 Apr. 2015; on Brassica napus; O. Rollin leg.; INRA. – Charente Maritime • 1 ♀ *; Saintes; 45 ° 45 ′ N, 39 ° 07 ′ W, 20 Aug. 2012; N. Sérès leg. – Drome • 1 ♀ *; Saint-Gervais-sur-Roubion; 44 ° 34 ′ N, 4 ° 53 ′ E; 31 Jul. 2007; G. De Prémorel leg.; from crop of Helianthus annuus; INRA • 1 ♀; Marsanne; 28 Jul. 2007; on Helianthus annuus; INRA. – Gard • 1 ♀; Etang du Ponant; 22 Apr. 1980; GABT. – Eure • 1 ♀; Falaise-Giverny; 49 ° 04 ′ N, 1 ° 33 ′ E; 18 May 2017; N. de Manincor leg.; n ° FAL- 1302. – Gironde • 1 ♀ *; Lacanau, Cousseau; 5 May 2013; S. Labatut leg. (D. Genoud coll.). – Loir and Cher • 1 ♀; Selommes; 19 Apr. 2007 • 1 ♀; 25 Apr. 2007 • 1 ♀; 25 Apr. 2007; NHMUK 013380274 • 1 ♀; 29 Apr. 2007; RBINS • 1 ♀; 30 Apr. 2007; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA. – Lot • 1 ♀ *; Le Montat; 44 ° 22 ′ N, 1 ° 25 ′ E; 24 May 2012; P. Christophe leg. – Maine and Loire • 1 ♀ *; Cléré-sur-layon, La Paguerie, XT 9518; 25 Apr. 2013; O. Durand leg. – Pyrénées Orientales • 2 ♀♀; Perpignan; 10 Apr. 1970; A. Pauly leg.; RBINS • 2 ♀♀; Canet; Apr. 1893; NHMUK 013380289, 013380290. – Rhône • 1 ♀ *; Lyon; 45 ° 46 ′ N, 4 ° 47 ′ E; 20 Jun. 2011; L. Motino leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; Lyon; 16 Apr. 2013; INRA • 1 ♀; Villeurbanne; 15 Sep. 2010; L. Neu leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; Crépieux; 19 Apr. 2011; L. Fortel leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; Meyzieu; 29 May 2010; L. Neu leg.; INRA. – Vaucluse • 14 ♀♀; Uchaux; 18 Apr. 1992; L. Plateaux and C. Plateaux-Quénu leg. et coll. • 1 ♀; Bollène; 22 Apr. 1979; GABT • 1 ♀ *; Cucuron, La Rasparine; 43 ° 45 ′ N, 5 ° 27 ′ E; 6 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 2 ♀♀ *; La Tour d’Aigues, St Victor; 2 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 3 ♀♀ *; 10 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; La Motte d’Aigue, La Pavine; 16 Jul. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 1 ♂, 12 ♀♀; 30 Jul. 2004; same collection data as for preceding; INRA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; RBINS • 6 ♀♀; 6 Aug. 2004; same collection data as for preceding; INRA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK 013380273 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Uzès, Mas Marsau; 1 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Aug. 2005; INRA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Aug. 2005; INRA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Aug. 2005; INRA • 2 ♀♀; Saint Jean de Maruejol, Mas Imbert; 1 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 2 ♀♀; Cucuron, La Rasparine; 6 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; Villelaure, Versailles; 6 Aug. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Jul. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; RBINS • 1 ♀; Villelaure, Saint Pierre; 2 Aug. 2005; G. Carré leg.; INRA • 5 ♀♀; Villelaure, St Marc; 30 Jul. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Aug. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; Velleron, La Mourelette; 26 Jul. 2002; B. Vaissière leg.; INRA • 2 ♀♀; Lourmarin, La Haute Prairie; 16 Jul. 2014; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Jul. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 8 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Aug. 2004; R. Chifflet leg.; INRA • 1 ♀; Montfavet, St Maurice; 27 Jul. 2002; on Lactuca serriola; B. Vaissière leg.; INRA. ITALY – Lazio • 1 ♀; Gallinaro; 19 – 20 Jul. 1983; R. Wahis leg.; GABT. – Campania • 1 ♀; Caserta; Apr. 1895; NHMUK 013380288. – Veneto • 2 ♀♀; Laguna Veneta; 1944; Soika leg.; NHMUK 013380299, 013380300. AUSTRIA • 1 ♀; Türkenschange, Wien; 1 May 1938; Pittioni leg.; NHMUK 013380297 • 1 ♀; Stammersdorf; 8 May 1946; NHMUK 013380302 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 May 1946; NHMUK 013380301. ROMANIA • 1 ♀; Dobrogea, Macin; Montadon leg.; NHMUK 013380292. GREECE • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Thessalia, Kalambaka, hillside meadow; 14 – 20 Jul. 1979; Day, Else and Morgan leg.; NHMUK 013380281, 013380762, 013380763 • 1 ♀; Old Lefkas, Lefkas; 25 Apr. 1977; Guichard leg.; NHMUK 013380283 • 1 ♀; Ilia, Olympia; 4 Jul. 1979; Day, Else and Morgan leg.; NHMUK 013380285 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Crete, Asprouliani; 35 ° 21 ′ N, 24 ° 17 ′ E; alt. 0 – 10 m; 25 Jun. 2017; A. Pauly leg.; RBINS. CYPRUS • 2 ♀♀; Limassol; Feb. 1934; Mavromoustakis leg.; NHMUK 013380293, 013380294 • 1 ♀; Nicosia; 15 Apr. 1971; K. Guichard leg.; NHMUK 013380295 • 1 ♀; Larnaca; 17 Mar. 1971; K. Guichard leg.; NHMUK 013380296. RUSSIA • 1 ♀; Michailowka [? = Mikhailovskaya]; 3 Oct. 1942; NHMUK 013380303. ALGERIA • 1 ♀ *; Biskra, Tolga; 34 ° 43 ′ N, 5 ° 23 ′ E; 23 Mar. 2011; H. Djouama leg. et coll. ISRAEL • 1 ♀ *; Judean foothills, Mevo Horon; 31 ° 52 ′ N, 35 ° 02 ′ E; 7 Jun. 2011; Y. Mandelik leg.; HUJ 80871.	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFBFFF8BFDBD9224FD86FC0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 22) Lasioglossum medinai is a sub-Mediterranean species, occurring in Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Romania, Greece (including Crete), Turkey, Cyprus and North Africa to Israel. There was no evidence of L. medinai in Britain (DGN).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFB5FF8BFDAC95CDFDFEFAAB.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ♂, Morocco, Dj M’Goum, 3200 m, 1 – 15 Sep. (MNHN). Examined (AP) (Fig. 23).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
03B7A875FFB5FF8BFDAC95CDFDFEFAAB.taxon	discussion	Remarks Ebmer (1976: 251; 1988: 649) considers this species as valid, but Pesenko (2007 a: 41) following Warncke (1976: 94) mention it as a synonym of L. villosulum. This small species of 6 mm length is very close to L. villosulum, but is well separated by its barcode. We have examined the type and we can confirm that it differs from L. villosulum by the impunctate apical margin of the terga (Fig. 23 D), as mentioned by Ebmer (1976: 251).	en	Pauly, Alain, Noël, Grégoire, Sonet, Gontran, Notton, David G., Boevé, Jean-Luc (2019): Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 541: 1-43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.541
