taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B7E33CCC53F158FF283FB8218AFA50.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, female, Hn 3, Switzerland, Bernese Highlands, Schynige Platte, 2,000 m a. s. l., grassland, vii-viii. 1946, leg. H. Gisin; paratypes - 2 ex., same data as holotype (MNHG). Other material: Switzerland: 3 ex., Hn 22, same data as holotype (MNHG); 8 ex., He 42, Grisons (Graubünden), Unterengadin, Alp Mingér, dry grassland with Sesleria sp. and Helianthemum sp., 2,100 m a. s. l., 14. vii. 1942, leg. H. Gisin (MNHG); 7 ex., He 44, Grisons, Süsom Givé (Pass), 2,150 m a. s. l., grassland, 15 - 16. vii. 1942, leg. H. Gisin (MNHG); Austria: 7 ex., Ja x 906, Styria, Dachsteingebirge, Scheichenspitze, c. 2,700 m a. s. l., 8. ix. 1947, tussocks of Silene sp. etc., leg. E. Butschek (MNHG); 3 ex., Jb Pr 1 / 4, Tyrol, Schwarzsee near Nauders, 1,800 m a. s. l., 20. ix. 1948, leg. Anderlan (MNHG); 3 ex., Jb Pr 1 / 5, Tyrol, Spiegelkogel, 3,100 m a. s. l., 1. ix. 1948, leg. Eder (MNHG); 7 ex. (H. parvula holotype and paratypes), G 607 (nr. 20), Hohe Tauern, Glockner group, tussock of Deschampsia caespitosa, Gamsgrube near Promenadenweg, 2,460 m a. s. l, 7. vii. 1967, leg. Franz (NHMV); Poland (leg. D. Skarżyński, DBET): 3 ex., Carpathians, Tatra Mts, neighborhood of Zielony Staw Gąsienicowy, c. 1,700 m a. s. l., 20. vi. 2004; 10 ex., Tatra Mts, mosses on rocks near snow field in upper Gąsienicowa Valley, 1,900 m a. s. l., 18. viii. 2004; 4 ex., Tatra Mts, Ciemniak, 2,000 m a. s. l., mosses on rocks, 18. ix. 2004; 3 ex., Sudetes, Karkonosze Mts, neighborhood of Mały Staw, c. 1,200 m a. s. l., mosses on rocks, 28. v. 2005. All specimens on slides.	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC53F158FF283FB8218AFA50.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The examination of the H. parvula and O. parva types revealed their morphological identity and conspecificity (eye fields in the H. parvula holotype as well as in the paratypes are clearly visible and furnished with 6 + 6 ocelli in the arrangement as in Fig. 1). I therefore conclude that H. parvula is a junior synonym of O. parva. Some specimens of H. parvula mentioned by Haybach (1972) in the original description as other material fall within the H. exigua range of variability; consequently, I regard them as conspecific with this species (see below). O. parva and H. exigua are almost identical, but they differ in the number of ocelli (6 + 6 versus 8 + 8) and the shape of tibiotarsal tenent hairs (weakly clavate versus clearly clavate). Their ranges of distribution are also different. The former is known from the Alps, Apennines, Sudetes and Carpathians (Thibaud et al. 2004), while the occurrence of the latter is restricted to the Alps.	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC53F15AFF283BC82737F917.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, female on slide, Ma 3 a, Italy, Dolomites, Padon, N Marmolada, 2,300 – 2,500 m a. s. l., leg. Marcuzzi. Paratypes: 1 male, 8 juveniles, same data as holotype (MNHG). Other material. Italy (Dolomites, Marmolada): 1 female, Ma 9 c, 2,200 m a. s. l., alpine grassland, leg. Marcuzzi (MNHG); 1 female and 1 male, Ma 19 a, 2,600 m a. s. l., pioneer saxifrages and Arabis sp., leg. Marcuzzi (MNHG); 53 ex., mosses on rocks below pass Forcella de la Marmolada, 2,500 – 2,800 m a. s. l., viii. 2009, collector unknown (DBET); Austria (other material of H. parvula from Hohe Tauern, Glockner group cited in Haybach (1972): 11 ex., G 606 (nr. 1), Wasserfallwinkel, foreground of Wasserfallkeeses, 2,640 m a. s. l., zone of Saxifraga oppositifolia, tussock of Saxifraga with Bryum cf. pallescens, 7. vii. 1967, leg. H. Franz (NHMV); 6 ex., Gl 9 (nr. 22), east slope of Gamsgrube, tussock of Salix serpyllifolia, Ranunculus glacialis, Sesleria sp., Poa alpina vivipara, 2,780 m a. s. l., leg. G. Haybach (MNHG).	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC53F15AFF283BC82737F917.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length up to 0.8 mm. Colour spotted grey-brown. Granulation fine and uniform, 6 – 8 granules between setae p 1 on abd. V. Chaetotaxy of head typical of the genus. Setae short and smooth. Body sensilla (s) 2 – 3 times longer than ordinary setae, fine and smooth. Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II and abd. III – VI as in Figs. 2 – 3. Th. I with 3 + 3 setae. Th. II with setae m 2, m 3 and m 4. Th. III with setae m 4 and sometimes m 3. Setae p 3 and p 7 on abd. IV present. Abd. V with setae a 2 in backward position, setae p 2 present and m-setae absent. Subcoxae I, II, III with 1, 2, 3 setae respectively. Microsensillum on thoracic tergum II present. Ant. IV with simple apical vesicle, subapical organite (or), microsensillum (ms), 4 (1 dorsal and 3 lateral) curved, short, cylindrical sensilla (Fig. 5). Ant. III-organ with two long (outer) and two short (internal) sensilla. Microsensillum on ant. III present (Fig. 5). Ant. I with 7 setae (seta p’ absent). Ocelli 8 + 8. Postantennal organ with 4 (rarely 5) lobes typical of the genus, about 1.5 times larger than neighbour ocellus (Fig. 6). Accessory boss absent. Labrum with 4 apical papillae. Labral setae 5, 5, 4, prelabrals 4. Maxillary head and labium of the H. tullbergi type. Outer lobe of maxilla with 2 sublobal hairs. Tibiotarsi I, II, III with 19, 19, 18 setae respectively. Apical seta A 1 clavate. Claws with small inner tooth. Empodial appendage with broad basal lamella and apical filament reaching slightly beyond middle of inner lamella of unguis (Fig. 7). Ventral tube with 5 setae on each side (3 in upper and 2 in lower row) (Fig. 4). Retinaculum with 3 + 3 teeth. Furca slightly reduced (ratio dens + mucro / inner lamella of claws III c. 2). Dorsal side of dens with fine, uniform granulation and 3 – 5 (usually 4) setae. Mucro spine-like with indistinct, low outer lamella. Ratio dens / mucro 3 – 3.5 (Fig. 8). Anal spines small, situated on low basal papillae (Fig. 3).	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC53F15AFF283BC82737F917.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Gisin (1958), H. exigua has a constant number (5) of setae on the dens. However, examination of the original material revealed the existence of some variability in this feature. The holotype has 4 + 5 setae on the dens, the paratype (male) and a female from the sample Ma 9 c have 5 + 5, a female and a male from the sample Ma 19 a have 4 + 5 and 4 + 4 respectively. Adults recently collected from the area of the type locality also show variable setae numbers: 1 ex. 3 + 3, 1 ex. 3 + 4, 6 ex. 4 + 4, 1 ex. 5 + 3, 4 ex. 5 + 4. In the light of such variability, individuals of H. parvula (cited as other material in Haybach 1972) with 3 + 4 (3 ex.), 4 + 4 (11 ex.) and 4 + 5 (1 ex.) setae on the dens and a set of characters identical to H. exigua must be considered conspecific with the latter species. Affinities. H. exigua clearly differs from all Hypogastrura species mentioned in the introduction in having a larger number of setae on the ventral tube (5 + 5 versus 4 + 4). The low number of setae on the dens (3 – 5 usually 4) makes this species somewhat similar to H. oreophila (2 – 4 usually 3), H. magistri from Siberia (5) and H. mongolica from Mongolia (4). Nevertheless, the first two species have additional m-setae on abd. V, and H. magistri has plurichaetotic chaetotaxy of abd. IV and 6 cylindrical ant. IV sensilla. A comparison with H. mongolica is impossible at present since the holotype (Dog-Cagan Nuur, Northern Mongolia, sample of humus taken in a forest on the western side of Lake Chavsgal Nuur, 3 km from the lake, 10. vii. 1975, leg. Dr. Kiefer, MNHG), which was the only basis for the original description (Nosek 1976), appeared to be juvenile without genital plate. Moreover, the quality of the type specimen is rather poor and numerous structures (e. g. antennal chaetotaxy) are weakly visible. The description remains in general accordance with the holotype, but the arrangement of body setae is erroneously represented. In reality, chaetotaxy is typical for Hypogastrura: th. I. with 3 + 3 setae, th. II with setae m 2, m 3 (m 4?) and dorsal body sensilla in position p 4, abd. I with setae m 3, m 4 and body sensilla in position p 4, abd. V with setae p 1 clearly shorter than body sensilla. H. mongolica should be redescribed using adult topotypes. The remaining species, i. e. H. pizzoci, H. capitata (Lebanon), H. verruculata (China) and H. ramia (S Korea), are easy to distinguish from H. exigua as they have 6 setae on the dens. H. exigua is also similar to one of the Orogastrura members; for more complete information see the remarks to O. parva.	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC51F15CFF283934211CFA7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 28 specimens on 3 slides labeled “ Hypogastrura oreophila, det. Gisin, Ja x 635, Austria, Dachstein ” (Edelgrieshöhe, ca. 2,450 m a. s. l., tussock of plants with soil, 26. vi. 1946, leg. H. Franz) (MNHG).	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC51F15CFF283934211CFA7A.taxon	description	Redescription. Body length up to 0.8 mm. Colour spotted dark blue. Granulation fine and uniform, 8 – 12 granules between setae p 1 on abd. V. Chaetotaxy of head typical of the genus. Setae smooth or slightly serrated and moderately short. Body sensilla (s) 2 – 3 times longer than ordinary setae, fine and smooth. Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II and abd. III – VI as in Figs 9 – 10. Th. I with 3 + 3 setae. Th. II with setae m 2, m 3 and m 4. Th. III with setae m 4 and sometimes m 3. Setae p 3 and p 7 on abd. IV present. Abd. V with setae a 2 set nearly in line with setae a 1 and a 3, setae p 2 present and 1 – 2 m setae usually present. Subcoxae I, II, III with 1, 2, 3 setae respectively. Microsensillum on thoracic tergum II present. Ant. IV with simple apical vesicle, subapical organite (or), microsensillum (ms), 4 (1 dorsal and 3 lateral) short, curved, cylindrical sensilla (Fig. 12). Ant. III-organ with two long (outer) and two short (internal) sensilla. Microsensillum on ant. III present (Fig. 12). Ant. I with 7 setae (seta p’ absent). Ocelli 8 + 8. Postantennal organ with 4 slightly subdivided lobes, equal to or a little larger than neighbour ocellus (Fig. 13). Accessory boss absent. Labrum with 4 apical papillae. Labral setae 5, 5, 4, prelabrals 4. Maxillary head (details hardly visible) with lamella 1 longer than maxillary teeth, broad at the tip and furnished with marginal filaments. Lamella 2 equal to maxillary teeth with marginal filaments (Fig. 11). Labium of the H. tullbergi type. Outer lobe of maxilla with 2 sublobal hairs. Tibiotarsi I, II, III with 19, 19, 18 setae respectively. Apical seta A 1 clavate. Claws with small inner tooth. Empodial appendage with broad basal lamella and apical filament reaching slightly beyond middle of inner lamella of unguis (Fig. 14). Ventral tube with 4 setae on each side (2 in upper and 2 in lower row). Retinaculum with 3 + 3 teeth. Furca slightly reduced (ratio dens + mucro / inner lamella of claws III c. 2). Dorsal side of dens with fine, uniform granulation and 2 – 4 (usually 3) setae. Mucro variable, usually hook-shaped with broad outer lamella. Ratio dens / mucro c. 3 (Figs 15 – 16). Anal spines small, situated on low basal papillae (Fig. 10).	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
03B7E33CCC51F15CFF283934211CFA7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. To date, H. oreophila is known only from the Alpine material (Dachstein, Niedere Tauern) described by Butschek (1948). Unfortunately, in spite of searches for types in different Austrian research institutes (Erhard Christian pers. comm.), none were found. In this situation, specimens from the area of the type locality delivered by E. Butschek to H. Gisin (MNHG) (Peter Schwendinger pers. comm.) and mentioned in the original description as other material were the only possible basis for the present redescription. Affinities. From among the species mentioned in the introduction, only two: H. exigua and H. mongolica, have –– like H. oreophila –– a low number of setae on the dens: 3 – 5 (usually 4) and 4 respectively. The former species clearly differs in the higher number of setae on the ventral tube (5 + 5), larger postantennal organ (1.5 times than neighbour ocellus), short and narrow at the tip maxillary lamella 1, mucro with indistinct low lamella and the absence of additional m-setae on abd. V. Knowledge on H. mongolica is imperfect (see above) and this species cannot be responsibly compared. Also H. magistri resembles H. oreophila in having additional m-setae on abd. V, but 5 setae on the dens, plurichaetosis of abd. IV chaetotaxy and 6 cylindrical sensilla on ant. IV (Babenko et al. 1994) make this species easy to distinguish.	en	Skarżyński, Dariusz (2011): A taxonomic study on some Alpine Hypogastrura Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). Zootaxa 2786: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205107
