identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9.text	03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyxelididae Lehtinen 1967	<div><p>Phyxelididae Lehtinen, 1967</p><p>Amaurobiidae Phyxelidinae Lehtinen, 1967: 328. Griswold, 1990. Elevated from subfamily of Amaurobiidae to family and placed as sister group of Titanoecidae by Griswold et al., 1999: 59. Discussion in Griswold et al., 2005: 35.</p><p>Diagnosis: Entelegyne, cribellate spiders with thorn-like setae located probasally on both the female and male palpal femora (Figs. 9, 53, 54), a calamistrum that originates medially on the female metatarsus IV (Figs. 8, 50), PMS paracribellar spigots that encircle the spinneret margin anteriorly and that are crowded together such that the bases are laterally flattened (Griswold et al., 2005, fig. 46C) and male metatarsus I modified with apparent clasping structures (Figs. 27, 28, 56–61).</p><p>Synapomophies: Synapomorphies for the family implied by the phylogenetic analysis of Griswold, Ramírez, Coddington and Platnick (2005) were thorn-like setae located probasally on both the female and male palpal femora, a calamistrum that originates medially on the female metatarsus IV, PMS paracribellar spigots that encircle the spinneret margin anteriorly and that are crowded together such that the bases are laterally flattened, and male metatarsus I modified with apparent clasping structures. In their analysis (Griswold et al., 2005), further synapomorphies united the tribes Phyxelidini and Vidoleini: a bilaterally divided chilum and branched median tracheae. Other potential synapomorphies uniting Phyxelidini and Vidoleini include epiandrous spigots separated into two bunches (Griswold et el., 2005, figs. 160A, B) and a conspicuous, enlarged, dark seta arising laterally from the tip of the PLS (Fig. 14). Vytfutia have an entire chilum (Fig. 4) and lack epiandrous spigots and also lack enlarged, dark seta arising laterally from the tip of the PLS (Figs. 12, 13).</p><p>Description: ( Phyxelididae) Eight eyes in two nearly straight rows (Figs. 1-4, 26, 34), canoeshaped tapeta (Fig. 2), chilum entire ( Vytfutiini, Fig. 4) or divided (Phyxelidini, Vidoleini); endite with apical serrula; sternum shield-shaped, posteriorly blunt to pointed (Figs. 21, 29, 32), labium free (Figs. 29, 33); tarsal trichobothria absent, with only a single, subapical trichobothrium on metatarsi, multiple dorsal trichobothria on tibiae, trichobothria with transverse ridges, tarsal organ capsulate with round orifice; setae plumose (Figs. 52, 53, 55), rarely ( Malaika) also with feathery scales; palpal femora of both sexes with probasal thorns comprising enlarged setal bases and/or thickened setae (Figs. 9, 53, 54); femora to metatarsi of legs with spines (Figs. 10, 11) in most species ( Vytfutia halandrefana sp. nov. have reduced spination); trochanters shorter than coxae (Figs. 21), trochanters unnotched or with very weak concavity (Figs. 5, 6), autospasy at coxa – trochanter joint; males of most species with metatarsus I modified (Figs. 27, 28, 56–61), median concavity typically retrolateral in African and Eurasian genera, but prolateral in Malagasy clade ( Ambohima, Manampoka and Rahavavy), only leg I modified in most genera, legs I and II modified in Ambohima and Manampoka; leg tarsi with three claws, serrate accessory setae, claw tufts and scopulae absent (Figs. 52, 55); female palp with toothed claw (Fig. 9); metatarsi III and IV apical preening combs present (Vidoleini) or absent (Phyxelidini, Vytfutiini); calamistrum linear, originating near middle of metatarsus IV (Figs. 8, 50), calamistral setae with multiple rows of teeth or smooth (Fig. 51); lateral tracheae simple, medians simple ( Vytfutiini, some Phyxelidini) or with few to many branches (Phyxelidini, Vidoleini); pedicel with lorum transversely divided (Fig. 7), epiandrous spigots grouped into two lateral bunches (Phyxelidini, Vidoleini) or absent ( Vytfutiini); cribellum divided (Figs. 1213) with two fields of uniformly distributed strobilate cribellate spigots; spinnerets described in Griswold et al., 2005 (figs. 46-50) female ALS with one ( Vytfutiini) or two (Phxelidini and Vidoliini) MAP spigots at the inner edge and field PI spigots with round base margins, these interspersed with tartipores; female PMS with numerous (12—30) PC spigots encircling anterior margin, PC spigot bases elongate, pressed together and flattened, each PC spigot surmounted by a single strobilate shaft, spigot cuticle ridged; one large mAP spigot with nubbin and tartipore posteriad to this, posteriorly several AC and one to four CY spigots; male PMS with PC spigots replaced by encircling row of nubbins, large median tartipore and nubbin that replaces mAP spigot; female PLS with domed apical segment, with stout, curved seta apicolaterally (Phxelidini and Vidoleini), absent from Vytfutiini; with apical MS spigot, MS flanking PC or AC spigots present or absent, field of several AC and 2 or more mesal CY spigots; males lack CY spigots, MS spigot replaced by large nubbin; anal tubercle small, simple, with slender setae (Fig. 13); male palpal tibia with dorsoapical process (D or DTA) (Figs. 16, 38, 47), sclerotized (Phyxelidini, Vytfutiini) or partly sclerotized and partly hyaline (Vidoleini), additional RTA present in Vytfutia (Figs. 17, 37, 46); cymbium without trichobothria or chemosensory scopulae; male palpal bulbs diverse, Vytfutiini and Phyxelidini with conductor (C) and median apophysis (MA), the latter lacking in Ambohima, Vidoleini with three to five conical tegular processes of dubious homology; female epigyna simple, without teeth, with median (ML) and lateral (LL) lobes separate or fused ( Vytfutiini, Figs. 18, 23, 24, 39, 41, 48); vulva entelegyne, of various conformations, fertilization ducts (FD) located posterioriorly (Fig. 19); webs cribellate, may be substrate limited and radiate from retreat (Griswold et al., 2005, figs. 202 A, B, E, F), or form aerial sheets (Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012, fig. 2 A), spiders walk on or hang beneath webs (Griswold, Wood and Carmichael, 2012, figs 2 B, 5), cribellate silk carding type II form (carding leg braced with mobile leg IV), at least Phyxelidini wrap prey after bite with slow alternating movements of legs IV; cribellate band (studied in Phyxelida) entire, cribellar fibrils cylindrical with nodules, axial fibers and reserve warp present (Griswold et al., 2005, figs. 121A–C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B6AFFBF2892949FE09AF4B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Griswold, Charles E.	Griswold, Charles E. (2022): The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14): 329-355, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11513175
03B487984B6CFFBD28A2919EE6EEF3FD.text	03B487984B6CFFBD28A2919EE6EEF3FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vytfutiini Griswold 1990	<div><p>Vytfutiini, Griswold, 1990</p><p>Type genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 34 . Comprise a single genus, Vytfutia .</p><p>Diagnosis, Synapomorphies and Description See below under Vytfutia .</p><p>Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 34 (type species by monotypy Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, holotype male in RMNH, examined). V. Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 34, type V. bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986; N.B.: transferred from Agelenidae to Amaurobiidae by Griswold, 1990: 186, to Phyxelididae by Griswold et al., 1999: 59.</p><p>Diagnosis: Vytfutia may be distinguished from other Phyxelididae by having the epigynum (Figs. 24, 39, 41, 48) with the posterior median lobe fused to the lateral lobes so that no suture is visible, by the presence of a retrolateral process (RL) on the male palpal tarsus and a sclerotized dorsal spur on male metatarsus I (Figs. 16, 37, 46), by the entire chilum (Fig. 4) and by the PLS lacking the stout, curved, apicolateral seta (Figs. 12, 13).</p><p>Synapomorphies: Among the Phyxelididae, the dorsal spur on male metatarsus I (Figs. 56–61), RTA on the male palpal tibia, and fusion of median and lateral sectors of the epigynum into a single plate (Figs. 24, 39, 41, 48) comprise Vytfutia synapomorphies.</p><p>Notes: Vytfutia halandrefana and V. pallens are the most morphologically divergent species of Vytfutia, and also very different to each other. Vytfutia halandrefana is small, with a broad thoracic fovea, few leg spines and complex female genitalia with convoluted ducts. Unfortunately, the male of V. halandrefana remains unknown. Vulval morphology suggests that the V. halandrefana male palp has an elongate embolus. Vytfutia pallens is much larger than other Vytfutia, with longer limbs and pale coloration, as befits a cave-dwelling organism.</p><p>Description: ( Vytfutia) Total length 2.12–7.70. Markings differ significantly among species and are described under each species description. Carapace length 1.19–1.43 times width, height 0.39–0.53 width; thoracic fovea typically linear, length 0.11–0.18 carapace length, narrow oval in V. halandrefana, length 0.07 carapace length. PER straight to slightly recurved, AER straight, ocular area width 2.25–3.33 times length; clypeal height typically 1.20-1.70 times AM diameter, but lower in V. halandrefana, 0.60–0.80 times AM diameter; chelicerae with small boss (Figs. 1, 35), length 6.50–14.00 times clypeal height, pro- and retromargins of fang furrow with 3–5 heterogeneous teeth, retromargin with 3-4 escort setae at fang base, promargin with large group of fluffy whisker setae, rake setae not found (Ramirez 2014); cheliceral gland on flat cuticle, with numerous pores; labrum with flattened, anteriad pointing labral tongue, tongue apex free, deeply concave, with plumose setae dorsally and laterally on labrum, minute, bristle-like setae occur distad of tongue apex; sternum length 1.17–1.39 times width, apex a blunt point (Figs. 29, 33). Legs long, femur I 1.01–1.48 times carapace length; leg I always longest, III shortest, leg formula 1423, in some species 1243 or 1 [2=4] 3; male metatarsi I (Figs. 27, 28, 56–61) with retrolateral, concavity at midsegment, concavity lacks spinules, at base of concavity a short, prolateral process surmounted by stout clasping spine, concavity arising at 0.21-0.47 length of metatarsus, concavity length 0.21–0.27 metatarsus, with short, dorsal spur at apex of concavity, spur height 0.06–0.95 of metatarsus length; legs otherwise unmodified; palpal claw and STC with numerous (up to 11) teeth (Figs. 52, 55), ITC with 2-3 teeth or smooth ( V. pallens); calamistrum subapical, origin at 0.22-0.29 distance from metatarsus base, length 0.33–0.46 metatarsus length (Figs. 8, 50). Spination (following summary is based on males and females of Vytfutia labalaba; V. bedel and V. pallens are very similar; the female of V. halandrefana is very different, which is noted in that species’ description). Male: palp: femur d0-1-1, p0-1-0; leg I: femur d1-1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-1, tibia d0-0-1, p0-1-1-0, r1-1-1-0, metatarsus p0-0-1, v2-0-0-2, r0-1(clasper)-0; leg II: femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1-0, r0-0-1-0, tibia p0-1-1-0, r0-1-2-0, metatarsus p0-1-1-2, r0-0-2; leg III: femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1-0, r0-0-1-0, patella d0-1, p1, r1, tibia d1-0-0, p0-1-1-0, v0-0-1-0, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p1-1-0-2, v2-0-0-2, r1-1-0-1; leg IV: femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1-0, r0-0-1-0, patella d0-1-0, tibia d1-0-0, p0-1-1-0, v0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p1-1-0-2, v2-0-0-2, r1-1-0-1. Female: palp: femur d0-0-1-1, r0-0-1; leg I: femur d0-1-1-0, p0-0-0-1, tibia p0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p0-0-1, v2-0-0, r0-0-1; leg II: femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, tibia d1-1-0-2, v2-0-0-2, r1-1-0-2, p0-1-1-0, metatarsus d0-0-1, p0-1-1-0, v2-0-0-2, r0-0-1-0; leg III: femur d1-1-0-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1, patella p1, r1, tibia p0-1-1-0, v1-1-0-0, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p1-1-0-2, v2-0-2-1, r1-1-0-2; leg IV: femur d1-0-0-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, patella d1, tibia p0-1-1-0, v1-1-0-0, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus d2-0-01, p1-1-0-2, v0-1-0-2, r0-0-0-1. Male epiandrum lacking spigots. Tracheae comprise four simple tubes that are limited to the abdomen (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 34). Spinnerets (based on scanning electron microscope [SEM] examination of three species: males and females of V. pallens Deeleman-Reinhold (Griswold et al., 2005, figs. 46D, 47, 48) and of V. labalaba new species and a female of V. halandrefana, new species). Vytfutia are typical phyxelidids in cribellum and paracribellar morphology, and universally differ from Vidoleini and Phyxelidini in lacking the large, stout, curved seta (black when viewed with light microscopy) at ectal margin of the PLS (compare Figs. 14 and 12). Cribellum width 0.43–0.67 spinnerets width (Fig. 12). Female ALS may have one mesal MAP spigot with a posterior MAP nubbin; V. halandrefana differs in retaining two MAP spigots. Piriform gland (PI) spigots in females range from as few as 18 ( V. halandrefana) to more than 50 ( V. pallens); males have fewer; small tartipores are scattered throughout PI spigot field; female PMS with as few as 10 ( V. halandrefana) to more than 25 ( V. labalaba) PC spigots; replaced by nubbins in the male; the PMS of both sexes have one anteromedian mAP spigot and at least two ( V. halandrefana) to six ( V. labalaba) AC spigots and one ( V. halandrefana) to four ( V. pallens) CY spigots; female PLS with large anterior MS spigot with cylindrical base and shaft, accompanied by a flanking AC, MS and flanking AC are replaced by nubbins in male; female with one ( V. halandrefana) to three ( V. labalaba) CY spigots and fewer than eight AC spigots. Palpal femur with anterobasal row of four to eight stout setae set in enlarged bases, these setae shortened and enlarged as thorns (Figs. 9, 53, 54); male palpal tibia (Figs. 16, 46, 47) with short to long, convex, simple DTA extending apically, RTA developed as a trapezoidal flange; cymbium with retrolateral paracribellar projection (Figs. 15, 38, 46, 47); palpal bulb with a small, oval petiole, anneli of subtegulum weakly developed, tegulum central, convex, course of reservoir a simple curve within bulb, without switchbacks, median apophysis present, fleshy, arising at mid-bulb near embolic base; embolus a slender, narrow, tapering blade to a slender spine, pars pendula fused basally with truncus of embolus, embolus flexibly attached to tegulum; conductor apical, fleshy, grooved to receive apex of embolus (Figs. 15, 36, 37, 45, 46). Female genitalia with epigynum (Figs. 18, 24, 39, 41) a simple, undivided plate, copulatory openings slit like, transverse, oblique to longitudinal; vulva with capsulate structures(s) with internal chambers, with 2-3 lobes, at least V. labalaba with sessile HS and posterdorsal Bennett’s gland pore (Fig. 42), may have convoluted ducts ( V. halandrefana, Fig. 25).</p><p>Composition: Four species, all in the genus Vytfutia .</p><p>Distribution: The Indo-Pacific islands of Madagascar, Sumatra and Borneo (Fig. 62).</p><p>Key to the species of Vytfutia</p><p>1 Males .................................................................... 5</p><p>— Females.................................................................. 2</p><p>2 (1) Epigynum deep, quadrangle less than 1.00, copulatory opening rims oblique to nearly longitudinal, posterior margin of epigynum convex or concave (Figs. 18, 39, 48), vulva with 2-3 simple lobes, without slender ducts, vulva width greater than twice length (Figs. 19, 40, 49) ......................................................................... 3</p><p>— Epigynum broad, quadrangle greater than 2.50, copulatory opening rims transverse, posterior margin of epigynum concave (Figs. 23, 24), vulva complex with large anterior lobe and slender ducts, vulva width less than 1.50 times length (Fig. 25), Madagascar ............................................................... V. halandrefana, new species</p><p>3 (2) Epigynum with copulatory opening rims oblique (Figs. 39, 48), vulva with integrated lobes anteriad of copulatory openings (Figs. 40, 49).................................... 4</p><p>— Epigynum with copulatory opening rims longitudinal, epigynum posterior margin convex, elongated posteriorly in center (Fig. 18), vulva with spherical lobe laterad of copulatory openings (Fig. 19)................................... V. bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986</p><p>4 (3) Epigynum with copulatory opening rims converging anteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave (Figs. 39, 41), vulva with paired lobes laterad of copulatory openings (Figs. 40, 42)......................................................... V. labalaba, new species</p><p>— Epigynum with copulatory opening rims diverging anteriorly, posterior margin straight to slightly convex (Fig. 48), vulva with paired lobes far anteriad of copulatory openings (Fig. 49)...................................... V. pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989</p><p>5 (1) Male palpal tibia with DTA short, less than 0.25 length tibia (Figs. 37, 38, 46, 49), tibia with subapical spine or cuspule, embolus short, arising near base of bulb (past 6 o’clock) and making turn of less than 180º, median apophysis long, length greater than 5.00 times width (Figs. 36, 37, 45, 46)........................................................ 6</p><p>— Male palpal tibia with DTA elongate, greater than 0.50 length tibia (Figs. 16, 17), tibia lacking subapical enlarged seta, embolus long, arising on retrolateral side of bulb (4 o’clock) and making turn of more than 225º, median apophysis short, length less than 4.00 times width (Figs. 15, 17)................................... V. bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986</p><p>6 (5) Palpal tibia with elongate apical spine (Figs. 46, 47), embolus short, straight, arises on prolateral side of bulb (near 8 o’clock), median apophysis hooked at apex (Figs. 45, 46); metatarsus I long, base of concavity originates at more than 0.45 metatarsus length, spur high, height great than 0.09 metatarsus length (Figs. 60, 61)...... V. pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989</p><p>— Palpal tibia with short subapical cuspule (Figs. 37, 38), embolus long, curved, arises at base of bulb (near 6 o’clock), median apophysis flattened, spoon shaped at apex (Figs. 36, 37); metatarsus I shorter, base of concavity originates at less than 0.35 metatarsus length, spur low, height greater than 0.08 metatarsus length (Figs. 58, 59)......... V. labalaba, new species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B6CFFBD28A2919EE6EEF3FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Griswold, Charles E.	Griswold, Charles E. (2022): The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14): 329-355, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11513175
03B487984B6FFFBC293F90B8E185F3D7.text	03B487984B6FFFBC293F90B8E185F3D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold 1986	<div><p>Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986</p><p>Figures 15–19, 56, 57, 62</p><p>Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 35 (male holotype and female paratype from Sumatra, RMNH, examined). Griswold 1990: 186. Griswold et al., 2005: 90.</p><p>Diagnosis: Males with palpal tibia with DTA elongate, greater than 0.50 length tibia (Figs. 16, 17), tibia lacking subapical enlarged seta, embolus long, arising on retrolateral side of bulb (4 o’clock) and making turn of more than 225º, median apophysis short, length less than 4.00 times width (Figs. 15, 17); females with epigynum with copulatory opening rims longitudinal, epigynum posterior margin convex, prolonged posteriorly in center (Fig. 18), vulva with spherical lobe laterad of copulatory openings (Fig. 19); thoracic fovea linear.</p><p>Male (after Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 35): Total length 3.60. Carapace yellow-brown, ocular area and chelicerae dark brown; legs pale yellow-brown; dorsum of abdomen pale yellow with paired, dorsal dark cardiac marks, broken into anterior and median groups, transverse chevrons posteriorly. Carapace 1.70 long, 1.20 wide, carapace length 1.33 times width, carapace height 0.39 times width; PER 1.18 times AER, PER 2.36 times OAL, OAL equals OQL, OQA 0.65 times OQP; clypeal height 1.67 times AM diameter; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL,1.0:2.33:2.0:2.0, AM-AM, AM-AL equal AM diameter, PM-PM, PM-PL 0.80 times PM, AL touching PL; chelicerae 0.70 long, cheliceral length 7.0 times clypeal height; sternum length 1.22 times width; labium length equals width; palpal coxae length 1.78 times width. Legs with typical spination. Leg measurements: I: 1.70 + 0.60 + 1.50 + 1.50 + 0.70 = [6.00]; II: 1.40 + 0.60 + 1.10 + 1.20 + 0.60 = [4.90]; III: 1.20 + 0.50 + 0.90 + 1.00 + 0.40 = [4.00]; IV: 1.40 + 0.50 + 1.10 + 1.40 + 0.50 = [4.90]; palp: 0.70 + 0.50 + 0.50 + NA + 0.60 = [2.30]; femur I 1.42 times carapace width; leg formula: 1 4=2 3. Metatarsus I as in Figs. 56, 57, clasping spine barely reaches median spur, spur short, length less than ¼ segment width. Male palp as in Figs. 15–17; male palpal tibia length 0.52 times cymbial length, RTA length 0.86 times tibia, MA origin 0.27 of distance to tegular base, MA length 0.63 that of tegulum, MA length 2.71 times width. Female (after Deeleman-Reinhold, 1986: 34): Total length 4.0. Markings as in male except carapace with dark marks at margin of pars cephalica that meet at anterior of straight thoracic fovea, and with four small transverse dark marks on each side of thoracic fovea. Carapace 1.70 long, 1.30 wide, carapace length 1.31 times width, carapace height 0.53 times width; PER 1.2 times AER, PER 2.25 times OAL; OAL equals OQL, OQA 0.67 times OQP; clypeal height 1.33 times AM diameter; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL, 1.0:2.67:2.0:2.0, AM-AM, AM-AL equal to AM; PM-PM 0.67 PM, PM-PL 0.85 PM; AL-PL touching; Chelicerae 0.70 long, cheliceral length 9.25 times clypeal height; sternum length 1.17 times width; labium length 0.93 times width; palpal coxae length 1.62 width. Legs with typical spination. Leg measurements: I: 1.60 + 0.60 + 1.40 + 1.20 + 0.70 = [5.50]; II: 1.30 + 0.60 + 1.00 + 1.00 + 0.60 = [4.50]; III: 1.10 + 0.40 + 0.70 + 0.90 + 0.40 = [3.50]; IV: 1.40 + 0.60 + 1.00 + 1.10 + 0.50 = [4.60]; palp: 0.70 + 0.30 + 0.40 + NA + 0.60 = [2.00]; leg formula = 1423; femur I 1.23 times carapace width. Epigynum as in Fig. 18, epigynum width 0.75 times length; epigynum MLW equal to MLL; epigynum MLW 10 times LLW. Vulva as in Fig. 19.</p><p>Natural History: Deeleman-Reinhold (1986) stated that this species occurs in primary tropical rainforest and noted that it is rare and apparently lives in isolated clusters. Among the collecting data that she quotes are “from leaves” and ““in small irregular web in forked branch” (Deeleman-Reinhold (1986: 34).”</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality in northern Sumatra (Fig. 62).</p><p>Material Examined: INDONESIA: N. Sumatra: Gunung Leuser, border of National Park at Bohorok in primary rainforest, Nov. 15, 1983, elev. 200 m, from leaves (Deeleman, RMNH), 1♂, 1♀ (male holotype and female paratype, Vytfutia bedel Deeleman-Reinhold) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B6FFFBC293F90B8E185F3D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Griswold, Charles E.	Griswold, Charles E. (2022): The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14): 329-355, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11513175
03B487984B60FFB2293F90B9E331F479.text	03B487984B60FFB2293F90B9E331F479.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vytfutia halandrefana Griswold 2022	<div><p>Vytfutia halandrefana Griswold, new species</p><p>Figures 20–25, 50–55, 62</p><p>Types: Holotype female (CASENT9012513) from gallery forest along the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.27139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.956945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.27139/lat -24.956945)">Mandraré River</a> in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.27139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.956945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.27139/lat -24.956945)">Forêt de Bealoka</a>, Réserve Privé Berenty, Toliara Provence, Madagascar, (24°57ʹ25ʺS, 46°16ʹ17ʺE, elev. 34m), collected 3–8 February 2002 by the Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Survey Team, collection code BLF5320, deposited in CAS . Paratype female (CASENT9008848) from tropical dry forest at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.828056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.828056/lat -19.141945)">Tombeau Vazimba</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.828056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.828056/lat -19.141945)">Bekopaka</a>, Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, Toliara Provence, Madagascar, (19°8ʹ31ʺS, 44°49ʹ41ʺE, elev. 50m), collected 6–10 November 2001 by the Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Survey Team, collection code BLF4230, deposited in CAS .</p><p>Etymology: The specific name is from the Malagasy words for spider, hala, and west, andrefana, commemorating the distribution of this westernmost Vytfutia species; a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis: Females with epigynum (Figs. 23-25) broad, quadrangle greater than 2.50, copulatory opening rims transverse, posterior margin of epigynum concave, vulva complex with large anterior lobe and slender ducts, vulva width less than 1.50 times length (Fig. 25); thoracic fovea oval, length less than 0.08 carapace length (Fig. 20); smallest Vytfutia, total length of females 2.12–2.42; male unknown.</p><p>Male: Unknown. Female (holotype, CASENT9021513): Total length 2.12. Markings as in Figs. 20, 21, carapace and chelicerae dark brown, labium and palpal coxae yellow-brown, venter and legs yellow-white; abdomen grey-white with dorsal brown cardiac marks broken into anterior and median parts, dorsum and sides with intermixed, scattered brown spots and white guanine deposits, venter plain yellow white. Carapace 0.95 long, 0.80 wide, 0.36 high; clypeus 0.04 high, height 0.80 AM diameter; ocular area 0.18 long, 0.46 wide, OAL 1.07 times OQL; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL, 1.00:1.11:1.11:1.22, diameter of PM 0.06; AM-AM 0.89 AM diameter, AM-AL 1.22 AM; PM-PM and PM-PL 1.60 PM; AL-PL 0.18 times PL. Chelicerae 0.41 long; sternum 0.56 long, 0.50 wide; labium 0.18 long, 0.21 wide; palpal coxae 0.27 long, 0.15 wide. Femur I length 1.01 times carapace width. Spination greatly reduced compared to other Vytfutia species: Female: palp: femur d0-1-0, tibia d1-0-2, p0-0-1, tarsus p0-1-1, v1-1-2-2-1; leg I: femur d0-1-1-0, p0-0-0-1, tibia r0-1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0; leg II: femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, tibia p1-1-0-2, r0-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-0-0; leg III: femur d10-0-0; leg IV: femur d10-0-0. Leg measurements: I: 0.81 + 0.34 + 0.72 + 0.62 + 0.56 = [3.05]; II: 0.75 + 0.31 + 0.56 + 0.50 + 0.31 = [2.43]; III: 0.72 + 0.28 + 0.44 + 0.47 + 0.31 = [2.22]; IV: 0.81 + 0.34 + 0.59 + 0.56 + 0.28 = [2.58]; palp: 0.37 + 0.12 + 0.19 + na + 0.31 = [0.99]. Calamistrum as in Figs. 22, 50, 51; palpal femur thorns as in Figs. 53, 54; tarsal claws IV as in Figs. 52, 55. Epigynum as in Figs. 23, 24, vulva as in Fig. 25. Variation (N=2): Total length 2.12–2.42; carapace length 1.19–1.25 times width, height 0.45–0.56 width; PER 1.12–1.13 times AER, 2.50–2.81 times OAL; OAL 1.04–1.07 times OQL; clypeal height 0.60–0.80 times AM diameter; cheliceral length 10.80–14.00 times clypeal height; sternum length 1.19–1.26 times width.</p><p>Natural History: Collection records from beating and pitfall trapping suggest that this species occurs on vegetation and on the ground in gallery forest and tropical dry forest.</p><p>Distribution: Known from central and western Toliara Province, Madagascar (Fig. 62).</p><p>Material Examined: MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov., Réserve Privé Berenty, Forêt de Bealoka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.27139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.956945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.27139/lat -24.956945)">Mandraré River</a>, 14.6 km 329° NNW Amboasary, elev. 35 m, 24°57ʹ25ʺS, 46°16ʹ17ʺE, beating low vegetation - gallery <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.27139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.956945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.27139/lat -24.956945)">Forest</a>, 3–8 February 2002, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Survey Team, collection code BLF5320 (Holotype Female CASENT9021513) , same data (Female CASENT9012420); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.828056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.828056/lat -19.141945)">Tombeau Vazimba</a>, 19°8ʹ31ʺS, 44°49ʹ41ʺE, elev. 50m, pitfall trap in tropical dry forest, 6-10 November 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Survey Team, collection code 4230 (Paratype female, CASENT9008848) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B60FFB2293F90B9E331F479	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Griswold, Charles E.	Griswold, Charles E. (2022): The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14): 329-355, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11513175
03B487984B61FFB1293F9159E3A9F49E.text	03B487984B61FFB1293F9159E3A9F49E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vytfutia labalaba Griswold 2022	<div><p>Vytfutia labalaba Griswold, new species</p><p>Figures 1–13, 26–44, 58, 59, 62</p><p>Types: Holotype male and paratype female collected on the wall of a building at 1550 m elevation on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah-Borneo, Malaysia, by P. Zbarowski, 2–8 April 1990, deposited in Naturalis, Leiden.</p><p>Etymology: From a Malay word for spider, labah-labah; a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis: Males with palpal tibia having a short subapical cuspule (Figs. 37, 38), embolus long, curved, arises at base of bulb (near 6 o’clock), median apophysis flattened, with spoonshaped apex (Figs. 36, 37); females with epigynum with copulatory opening rims oblique, converging anteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave (Figs. 39, 41), vulva simple, with paired lobes laterad of copulatory openings (Figs. 40, 42); thoracic fovea linear (Fig. 34).</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 2.40. Markings as in Figs. 26–30; carapace orange-brown, darker on ocular area; chelicerae, labium and palpal coxae dark brown, sternum brown, coxae, trochanters, leg femora and palpal femur-tibia pale yellow, remainder of legs yellow-brown; palpal tibia and cymbium dark brown; abdomen pale grey with anterodorsal dark brown cardiac mark (Fig. 27), sides and venter speckled with brown, dark brown anterior to epigastric furrow and around spinnerets (Fig. 28). Carapace 1.26 long, 0.95 wide, 0.42 high; clypeus 0.07 high, height 1.20 times AM diameter; ocular area 0.18 long, 0.45 wide, PER strongly recurved, OAL equals OQL; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL, 1.00:1.33:1.33:1.42, diameter of PM 0.08; AM-AM 0.70 AM diameter, AM-AL 0.50 AM; PM-PM and PM-PL equal PM diameter; AL-PL 0.18 PL. Chelicerae 0.50 long; sternum 0.76 long, 0.54 wide; labium 0.20 long, 0.21 wide; palpal coxae 0.38 long, 0.20 wide. Legs with typical spination; femur I length 1.25 times carapace width; metatarsus I as in Figs. 58, 59, clasping spine extends beyond median spur, spur long, length greater than 1/3 segment width. Leg measurements: I: 1.19 + 0.47 + 1.12 + 1.06 + 0.59 = [4.43]; II: 1.09 + 0.44 + 0.87 + 0.87 + 0.53 = [3.80]; III: 1.00 + 0.44 + 0.69 + 0.81 + 0.47 = [3.41]; IV: 1.16 + 0.47 + 0.91 + 0.94 + 0.47 = [3.95]; palp: 0.69 + 0.16 + 0.34 + na + 0.50 = [1.69]. Palpal tibia length 2/3 cymbial length, RTA broad, apically concave, RTA length 1/4 tibia length, DTA length also 1/4 tibia length, narrow, with sharply pointed apex (Fig. 38); cymbium tapering with conical proximobasal paracymbium; tegulum with MA origin subbasal, distance to tegular base 0.19 tegular length, MA large, length 0.77 that of tegulum, oval, length five times width, margins smooth and apex expanded (Fig. 36), apex concave on bulb side (Fig. 37); base of conductor broad, fleshy, tapering to pointed apex; embolus convex, unmodified, gradually tapering to pointed apex. Female (paratype): Total length 3.25. Markings as in Figs. 1–13, 31–35, as in male except carapace and mouthparts darker (Figs. 33–35) and dorsal cardiac mark on abdomen broken into several parts, extending for whole length of abdomen (Fig. 31). Carapace 1.39 long, 1.03 wide, 0.55 high; clypeus 0.09 high, height 1.70 times AM diameter; ocular area 0.18 long, 0.52 wide, OAL equals OQL; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL, 1.00:1.10:1.60:1.40, diameter of PM 0.08; AM-AM 1.28 times AM diameter, AM-AL 1.365 times AM; PM-PM 0.73 PM, PM-PL 1.50 times PM; AL-PL 0.17 times PL. Chelicerae 0.59 long; sternum 0.82 long, 0.61 wide; labium 0.21 long, 0.24 wide; palpal coxae 0.41 long, 0.23 wide. Femur I length 1.48 times carapace width. Legs with typical spination. Leg measurements: I: 1.53 + 0.59 + 1.28 + 1.16 + 0.69 = [5.25]; II: 1.25 + 0.47 + 0.94 + 0.94 + 0.59 = [4.19]; III: 1.19 + 0.50 + 0.78 + 0.78 + 0.47 = [3.72]; IV: 1.16 + 0.56 + 0.97 + 0.94 + 0.56 = [4.19]; palp: 0.62 + 0.31 + 0.44 + na + 0.59 = [1.96]. Epigynum as in Figs. 39, 41, vulva as in Figs. 40, 42–44, with lateral double lobes that have proximal HS pores (Fig. 44) and a distal BG pore (Fig. 43).</p><p>Natural History: The holotype and paratype were collected on the wall of a building at Kinabalu Park headquarters, elevation 1550m. The collecting labels state “in ridges…outer wall bungalow” and “webbe als Amaurobius simiis ”. This suggests that this species builds a cribellate appressed sheet or funnel on objects that offer space for a retreat, as is typical of many Phyxelididae and Titanoecidae . The elevation of the type locality suggests that surrounding vegetation is lower montane rainforest.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo (Fig. 62).</p><p>Material Examined: Only the holotype male and paratype female from Mt. Kinabalu, Malaysia, in Naturalis, Leiden .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B61FFB1293F9159E3A9F49E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Griswold, Charles E.	Griswold, Charles E. (2022): The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14): 329-355, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11513175
03B487984B62FFB0293F927FE663F4FF.text	03B487984B62FFB0293F927FE663F4FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold 1989	<div><p>Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989</p><p>Figures 45–49, 60–62</p><p>Vytfutia pallens Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989: ♂ M ♀ F paratypes from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia, 10 April 1984, C. Deeleman and C. Hug, RMNH, examined. Griswold et al., 2005: 90.</p><p>Diagnosis: Males with palpal tibia with elongate apical spine (Figs. 46, 47), embolus short, straight, arises on prolateral side of bulb (near 8 o’clock), median apophysis hooked at apex (Figs. 45, 46); females with epigynum with copulatory opening rims oblique, diverging anteriorly, posterior margin straight to slightly convex (Fig. 48), vulva simple, with paired lobes of spermathecae extending far anteriad of copulatory openings (Fig. 49); largest Vytfutia (see Figs. 60, 61), total length of males 4.40–5.00, of females 6.20–7.70; markings pale; legs long, male metatarsus I with base of concavity at more than 0.45 metatarsus length, spur high, height greater than 0.09 metatarsus length (Figs. 60, 61).</p><p>Male (paratype, after Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989: 622-623): Total length 4.40. Carapace light grey-brown, ocular area slightly darker; chelicerae dark brown; labium, palpal coxae, sternum, and legs light grey-brown; abdomen pale with 3 snowy granulations on dorsal surface. Carapace 2.20 long, 1.70 wide; carapace length 1.29 times width; PER 1.14 times AER, PER 2.28 times OAL; OAL 0.57 times OQL; OQA 0.625 times OQP; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL, 1.0:2.0:3.0:3.0; AM-AM, AM-AL equal to AM diameter; PM-PM, PM-PL equal to PM diameter; AL touching PL. Sternum length 1.26 times width; labium length 0.75 times width; palpal coxae length 2.0 times width. Legs with typical spination; femur I length 1.25 times carapace width; metatarsus I as in Figs. 60, 61, clasping spine extends beyond median spur, spur long, length nearly ½ segment width. Leg measurements: I: 2.3 + 0.9 + 2.2 + 1.9 + 1.2 = [8.5]; II: 2.1 + 0.7 + 1.8 + 1.8 + 1.0 = [7.4]; III: 2.1 + 0.8 + 1.5 + 1.7 + 0.9 = [7.0]; IV: 2.3 + 0.9 + 1.9 + 1.9 + 1.0 = [8.0]; palp: 1.2 + 0.4 + 0.6 + NA + 0.6 = [2.8]; leg formula 1423. Male palp as in Figs. 45–47; tibia length 1.21 times cymbial length, RTA length 0.23 times tibia (Figs. 46, 47), MA origin 0.36 distance to tegular base, MA length 0.83 times that of tegulum, MA length 7.86 times width (Figs. 45, 46). Variation (N=3): Total length 4.40 to 5.00. Female (Paratype, after Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989: 622-623): Total length 6.70. Markings as in male. Carapace 3.30 long, 2.30 wide, carapace length 1.43 times width, carapace height 0.47 width; PER 1.11 times AER, PER 2.50 times OAL; OAL equals OQL; OQA 0.59 times OQP; clypeal height 1.25 times AM diameter; ratio of eyes AM:AL: PM: PL, 1.0:1.6:1.6:1.2; AM-AM 0.6 times AM diameter, AM-AL equals AM diameter; PM-PM 1.125 times PM diameter, PM-PL 1.25 times PM, AL touching PL. Chelicerae 1.30 long; cheliceral length 12.0 times clypeal height; sternum length 1.34 times width; labium length 1.09 times width; palpal coxae length 1.75 times width. Legs with typical spination. Femur I 1.26 times carapace width. Leg measurements: I: 2.9 + 1.2 + 2.5 + 2.4 + 1.3 = [10.30]; II: 2.7 + 1.1 + 2.2 + 2.0 + 1.0 = [9.00]; III: 2.4 + 1.0 + 1.7 + 1.7 + 1.0 = [7.80]; IV: 2.7 + 1.1 + 1.9 + 1.9 + 1.0 = [8.60]; palp: 1.1 + 0.25 + 0.70 + NA + 1.0 = [3.05], leg formula 1243. Female genitalia as in Fig. 48 (epigynum) and Fig. 49 (vulva). Epigynum width 2.66 times length; epigynum MLW 2.20 times MLL, MLW 1.50 times LLW. Variation (N=12): Total length 6.20 to 7.70.</p><p>Natural History: Deeleman-Reinhold (1989: 619, 620, 624) describes this species from Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia, a cave famous for the diversity of endemic species.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 62).</p><p>Material Examined: Only the paratypes from Niah Cave, Sarawak, in RMNH .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487984B62FFB0293F927FE663F4FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Griswold, Charles E.	Griswold, Charles E. (2022): The Lace Web Spider Genus Vytfutia Deeleman-Reinhold (Araneae, Phyxelididae) in the Indo-Pacific Region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (14): 329-355, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11513175
