identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B487BD2513F938FF6DD5B853FFFB55.text	03B487BD2513F938FF6DD5B853FFFB55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apelaunothrips Karny 1925	<div><p>Apelaunothrips Karny 1925</p><p>A total of 38 species are listed in this genus (ThripsWiki, 2020), and a key is available to identify 37 of these (Mound 2013). The genus is distributed across the Old World tropics from Africa to northern Australia and southern Japan, and five species are reported from India (Tyagi &amp; Kumar 2016). The members of this genus are distinguished from other Phlaeothripinae by the unusually wide maxillary stylets (4–6 microns in width). But the species share with the species of Hoplandrothrips and Adraneothrips the presence of unusually long intermediate setae (iS) on tergite IX between the major setae S1 and S2 (Dang et al. 2013). Males of Apelaunothrips do not have pore plates on sternite VIII, whereas these are well developed in the males of Adraneothrips and Hoplandrothrips .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487BD2513F938FF6DD5B853FFFB55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tyagi, Kaomud;Singha, Devkant;Chakraborty, Rajasree;Pakrashi, Avas;Kumar, Vikas	Tyagi, Kaomud, Singha, Devkant, Chakraborty, Rajasree, Pakrashi, Avas, Kumar, Vikas (2020): A new species of Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from India with new synonym of Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa. Zootaxa 4751 (1): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.14
03B487BD2513F93AFF6DD2D052D2FDAF.text	03B487BD2513F93AFF6DD2D052D2FDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apelaunothrips moundi Tyagi & Singha & Chakraborty & Pakrashi & Kumar 2020	<div><p>Apelaunothrips moundi sp.n. Tyagi &amp; Kumar</p><p>Male microptera. Body bicoloured (Fig.1). Head, prothorax, mesothorax, abdominal segments II–IV, VI–X dark brown; abdominal segments I and V yellow, metathorax yellow with brownish tinge at anterior; legs yellow with dark unguitractor plates; antennal segments I–II, V–VIII dark brown, III yellow, IV with brownish tinge at apex. Head longer than broad, dorsal surface with few weak transverse striae; maxillary stylets width apart, not reaching to postocular setae, maxillary bridge scarcely visible, broad; mouth-cone narrowly rounded; head with one pair well developed, capitate postocular setae, longer than eyes; interocellar setae pointed, one pair of postocellar setae present (Fig. 3). Antennae 8-segmented; segment II with campaniform sensilla situated apically; segments III–VI each with two sense cones, VII with one sense cone; segment VIII with distinct basal neck (Fig. 6). Pronotum rectangular, broader than long, dorsal surface with very few striae laterally and posteriorly; all dorsal prothoracic setae well developed and capitate (Fig. 3); notopleural sutures complete. Mesonotal lateral setae well developed and capitate. Metanotum dorsal surface with faint reticulate sculpture, with one pair of median and submedian setae (Fig. 9). Prosternum basantral plates present, but poorly visible. Mesopresternum complete (Fig. 4). Fore wing with sub-basal wing setae arranged in one row, well developed and capitate, and S3 and S2 subequal and little longer than S1. Fore tarsal tooth absent. Pelta usually trapezoidal, surface with faint reticulation (Figs. 5, 9). Tergites III–VII with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae; tergite IX setae S1 and S3 finely acute, long, S2 short (Fig. 7). Sternites II–VIII with discal setae. Tube shorter than head, anal setae shorter than tube.</p><p>Female microptera. Colour and structure similar to male (Figs. 2, 8), tergite IX setae S2 little longer than male (Fig.10).</p><p>Measurements. (holotype female in microns). Body length 2020; head length 222, width behind eyes 127, across cheeks 147, across cheeks just before basal collar 139; eye length 62, width 50–55; postocular setae lengths 70–71; pronotum median length 123, width 210, lengths of major setae: pa 59–62, epim 58–59, aa 53-56, am 56, ml 56, cx 49; mesonotal lateral setae length 41–42; metanotal median setae length 48; pelta length 59, width at base 100; antennal L(W) of segments I 25–26 (35), II 45 (28), III 59–61 (23), IV 52 (26), V 60–61 (24), VI 50 (21), VII 44–45 (19), VIII 36–38 (12); fore wing basal setae length S1 46, S2 48, S3 49; tergite IX setae S1 137, setae S2 31, iS 59, S3 145; tube length 120, width at base 35, at apex 61.</p><p>Specimens studied. Holotype female, India, West Bengal, Bakura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.33&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.33/lat 23.05)">Bishnupur</a> (N23.05, E87.33, 75m), from dead log, 10.xi.2019 (Reg. No. 10944/H17), Avas Pakrashi &amp; Devkant Singha, in The National Zoological Collections (NZC), Kolkata . Paratypes: 2 males, one female, all from same site as holotype (Reg. No. 10945/H17 to 10947/H17).</p><p>Etymology. This species is credited to Laurence Mound (CSIRO, Australia) for his untiring effort for thrips studies.</p><p>Comments. According to the available keys to species (Okajima 1979; Mound 2013; Zhao et al. 2018) this new species is similar to A. lieni and A. indicus in having two sense cones on antennal segment IV. The new species also shares with A. madrasensis the body colour and chaetotaxy, but differs in the colour of abdominal segment VI, and the number of sense cones on antennal segments III and IV. It can be distinguished from A. lieni . A. indicus, A. madrasensis by colour of the body, sense cones on III and IV, interocellar and metanotal setae. The body colour of the new species is similar to A. madrasensis ( A. lieni and A. indicus different); two sense cones on antennal segments III and IV in new species, A. lieni . A. indicus (three in A. madrasensis); interocellar setae pointed in new species, A. lieni, A. madrasensis (well developed and capitate in A. indicus); metanotum with two median and two submedian setae present in new species and A. madrasensis (2–6 setae in indicus,12–14 setae in A. lieni).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487BD2513F93AFF6DD2D052D2FDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tyagi, Kaomud;Singha, Devkant;Chakraborty, Rajasree;Pakrashi, Avas;Kumar, Vikas	Tyagi, Kaomud, Singha, Devkant, Chakraborty, Rajasree, Pakrashi, Avas, Kumar, Vikas (2020): A new species of Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from India with new synonym of Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa. Zootaxa 4751 (1): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.14
03B487BD2511F93AFF6DD26F5445FAEF.text	03B487BD2511F93AFF6DD26F5445FAEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Podothrips Hood 1913	<div><p>Podothrips Hood</p><p>There are 31 species listed in this genus (ThripsWiki 2020), with identification keys provided by Ritchie (1974) and Dang et al. (2019), and 10 species recorded from India (Tyagi &amp; Kumar 2016). Seshadri and Ananthakrishnan (1954) described Podothrips bicolor from grasses in India, and this species has been reported subsequently from China (Dang et al. 2019). The number of sense cones on antennal segment IV has been used to distinguish species in this genus, but we have recognised variation in these structures amongst specimens from India, as discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487BD2511F93AFF6DD26F5445FAEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tyagi, Kaomud;Singha, Devkant;Chakraborty, Rajasree;Pakrashi, Avas;Kumar, Vikas	Tyagi, Kaomud, Singha, Devkant, Chakraborty, Rajasree, Pakrashi, Avas, Kumar, Vikas (2020): A new species of Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from India with new synonym of Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa. Zootaxa 4751 (1): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.14
03B487BD2511F93AFF6DD3525304F836.text	03B487BD2511F93AFF6DD3525304F836.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa 1940	<div><p>Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa</p><p>Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa, 1940: 100 .</p><p>Podothrips bicolor Seshadri &amp; Ananthakrishnan, 1954: 221 syn.n.</p><p>These two bicoloured species share a similar colour pattern, as well as structural characters, but they have been distinguished from each other by the number of the sense cones on antennal segment IV. This segment bears one outer and one inner sense cone in sascola but in bicolor there is one outer and one inner + one small sense cone (Ritchie 1974; Okajima 2006). This small sense cone is slightly lower on the segment than the main sense cone on the outer side (Figs 11 –12). Evaluating the presence of this small sense cone in statistically significant numbers is technically difficult due to its small size. However, we have collected and studied the long series of specimens listed below from bamboo, and out of 50 specimens examined, 10 of them clearly have two sense cones on the outer margin of segment IV, whereas the others have only the major sense cone. This variation in the sense cone number was compared with the holotype and paratype of P. bicolor . Given the absence of any biological evidence that two closely similar species of Podothrips co-exist on bamboo in India and Japan, and in the absence of any consistent morphological differences enabling the recognition of two segregates, we here conclude that bicolor should be regarded as a junior synonym of sascola.</p><p>Specimens studied. India, Tamil Nadu, Madras, holotype female, allotype male of Podothrips bicolor, from bamboo leaves, 17.i.1953 (TNA) Reg. No. 1452/H8 to 1453/H8 (in National Zoological Collections, Kolkata, India) . West Bengal, Kolkata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.41/lat 22.58)">Salt Lake</a> (N22.58, E88.41, 11m), 29 females, 6 males, from bamboo, 22.vi.2019, Devkant Singha; also 25 females, 10 males preserved in 70% ethanol for further analysis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487BD2511F93AFF6DD3525304F836	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tyagi, Kaomud;Singha, Devkant;Chakraborty, Rajasree;Pakrashi, Avas;Kumar, Vikas	Tyagi, Kaomud, Singha, Devkant, Chakraborty, Rajasree, Pakrashi, Avas, Kumar, Vikas (2020): A new species of Apelaunothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from India with new synonym of Podothrips sasacola Kurosawa. Zootaxa 4751 (1): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.14
