taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B58783BC4A592DFF16EBBDB1D9FBDA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera capensis (Linnaeus f.) Druce. Diagnostic features: Oedera as broadly circumscribed here is characterised by morphological heterogeneity in most characters, but all species are woody subshrubs with heterogamous, radiate capitula, the ray laminas being yellow, in some species with purple-brown stripes abaxially. The genus is distinguished from the only other southern African members of the Gnaphalieae to have yellow ray laminas, Arrowsmithia and Macowania, by leaves that are not revolute and not densely white-woolly abaxially. Also, most Macowania species have a thickened and glabrous leaf abaxial midrib coupled with a canaliculate adaxial surface, which is never present in Oedera. The genera of the “ short-lived clade ”, viz. Leysera, Nestlera and Rhynchopsidium also have yellow rays, but are distinguished from Oedera by having the annual or biennial life-history. The one perennial species of Leysera (L. gnaphalodes) is distinguished from Oedera species by the possession of plumose pappus bristles; where species of Oedera posssess pappus bristles, these are always scabrid or barbellate. Description: Habit: well- or sparsely branched woody shrublets or subshrubs, occasionally resprouting from an underground rootstock, sometimes spinescent, leaves crowded at the branch tips, older stems often with old leaf-scars or occasionally clothed with old leaf-bases; stems, leaves and peduncles glabrous or tomentose to varying degrees, often glandular. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite-decussate, sometimes fasciculate, sessile, occasionally semi-amplexicaul, entire, occasionally with tooth-like marginal trichomes; linear to linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate to almost orbicular, occasionally terete and fleshy, apically acuminate to obtuse, often apiculate; usually with distinct midrib, sometimes with multiple (up to nine) parallel veins; flat or adaxially concave, margins flat or involute, when involute then the concave leaf adaxial surface usually filled with a dense bright white tomentum; with sparse to dense covering of glandular as well as eglandular trichomes; glandular trichomes multicellular, sessile or stalked; if sessile then borne at the level of the epidermis or embedded in pits; leaf surface sometimes resiniferous. Capitula terminal, sessile or on short to elongate peduncles, radiate; solitary, paired or clustered in umbel-like cymes, or occasionally the cluster forming a compound secondary head (syncephalium) modified to look like a single radiate capitulum and subtended by a pseudo-involucre of leaves; vegetative growth proceeding from below the previous year’s synflorescence. Involucre urceolate, cyathiform and campanulate to obconical, bracts tightly imbricate in several series, becoming progressively longer inwards, yellowish brown, with a thickened stereome and scarious lamina, apically acute to obtuse, innermost often obovate to spathulate, lamina spreading or erect, sometimes lamina and margins translucent and / or whitish, abaxially glabrous, tomentose or sparsely glandular. Receptacle flat or conical (deeply alveolate in Oe. garnotii), paleate or epaleate, paleae persistent or deciduous; sometimes also shortly squamose. Ray florets female-fertile, tube yellow, cylindrical or funnel-shaped or triquetrous, glabrous or sometimes with scattered, subulate-triangular hairs, often with stalked trichomes, rarely tubular, usually with a long spreading lamina, lamina elliptic or elliptic-oblong to lorate, yellow, occasionally with a brownish-purple stripe abaxially; apically minutely three-lobed; style terete, bifid, branches radially oriented, apically obtuse to acute, glabrous or seldom minutely penicillate apically, with stigmatic surfaces basally separated but apically confluent; cypselas as in disc florets, but more densely hairy, sometimes with a basal hair tuft; pappus of short scales fused to varying degrees, rarely with a few additional nude or barbellate bristles, occasionally the pappus comprising barbellate bristles only. Disc florets usually perfect, structurally hermaphrodite but female-sterile in a few species (Oe. garnotii, Oe. epaleacea, Oe. relhanioides, Oe. spathulifolia, Oe. tricephala and possibly Oe. longipes; sometimes in Oe. acerosa); corolla deep yellow, ± distinctly divided into a cylindrical tube and cyathiform or funnel – shaped limb; tube glabrous or with a sparse to dense covering of multicellular glandular trichomes; limb five-lobed, lobes spreading, ovate-triangular, marginally thickened with well-developed veins and with multicellular glands abaxially; style terete, base bulbous and frequently attached to a short stylopodium; fertile style branches narrowly oblong, terminally penicillate, sometimes apically and dorsally minutely pilose-penicillate, obtuse to truncate, stigmatic bands separated, not meeting at the tips; sterile style apices simple or only shallowly cleft; cypselas flattened to angular to terete, elliptic-oblong to oblong to linear, elongate and slender, glabrous or laxly to densely pubescent; anthers linear, with a flat, ovate apical appendage and long to inconspicuous subulate tails, unbranched or very slightly branched; pappus a crown of many, subulate to triangular, short scarious scales fused to varying degrees, seldom also with a few nude or barbellate, apically flattened bristles. Cytology: the only observed base number is x = 7; generally 2 n = 14.	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC54592CFF16EC95B3B9FABA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera dieterlenii (Phillips) N. G. Bergh. (Relhania dieterlenii (E. Phillips) K. Bremer) Description: a relatively large, very well-branched shrublet with wiry branches; leaves decussate, narrowly linear, involute with rolled margins; adaxially densely white – tomentose, abaxially thinly woolly and glandular; heads sessile, solitary, involucre narrow. Upper branches strongly ramified so the plant bears hundreds of capitula. Receptacle epaleate. Rays 6 – 10; disc florets 20 – 30, perfect. Pappus of more-or-less connate, lacerate scales. Cytology: unknown.	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC54592CFF16EAA1B117F7CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera virgata (N. E. Brown) N. G. Bergh. (Comborhiza virgata (N. E. Brown) Anderberg & K. Bremer) Description: woody shrublets or subshrubs, two of the species resprouting from a subterranean rootstock. Leaves crowded on branches, alternate or fasciculate on lateral brachyblasts, entire, somewhat fleshy, with distinct midrib, both surfaces densely invested with glandular trichomes on elongate slender stalks. Capitula broad, solitary, sessile and axillary or on long peduncles or pedunculoid stems, sometimes flowering branches highly ramified to produce a racemose or cymose synflorescence. Receptacle epaleate, sometimes also shortly squamose. Ray florets 10 – 25; disc florets 25 – 125, perfect or possibly functionally male in one species (Oe. longipes). Pappus of short more-or-less connate scales only (Oe. virgata), or of scales and a few outer additional barbellate bristles on the disc florets. Cypselas glabrous to pilose, more densely pilose on ray cypselas. Cytology: 2 n = 14 (Oedera virgata; Bremer, 1976 a).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC54592CFF16EEC9B3D8FC6E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera acerosa (DC.) N. G. Bergh. (Relhania acerosa (DC.) K. Bremer) Description: leaves crowded, alternate, erect to spreading, triquetrous-canaliculate, mid-ribbed, acerose, glabrous, acute-acuminate, pungent. Capitula solitary, sessile, involucre broad and medium-long, receptacle epaleate. Ray florets 12 – 25, disc florets 30 – 60, hermaphrodite or female-sterile; cypselas glabrous or very sparsely hairy, pappus of short, more-or-less connate scales.	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC57592FFF16EC0DB65AFA02.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera calycina (Linnaeus f.) N. G. Bergh (Relhania calycina (Linnaeus f.) L’Héritier) Diagnostic features: leaves acute to acuminate, frequently pungent, with involute margins, often with 3 – 9 abaxial veins; capitula solitary, (sub-) sessile, large; receptacle paleate. Description: sparsely branched, frequently resprouting shrublets, branches erect, closely leafy; leaves imbricate, erect, or erect to spreading, recurved in one species, alternate or decussate; leaves brittle, sometimes rigid, leaf margins involute; leaf adaxial surface concave, sparsely to densely white-woolly; leaf abaxial surface rounded, glabrous to deciduously tomentose, mid-ribbed or with 3 – 9 distinct raised nerves; leaf apices acute to acuminate, often pungent. Capitula solitary, sessile or very shortly pedunculate, terminal, often partly covered by upper leaves; large (involucre broad and long); receptacle paleate; rays 14 – 45; disc florets 25 – 250; cypselas hairy, more so on ray florets; pappus of short, lacerate free scales. Cytology: all examined species are diploids with 2 n = 14 (Oe. decussata, Oe. pungens ssp. angustifolia, Oe. calycina ssp. calycina, Oe. calycina ssp. apiculata and Oe. speciosa; Bremer, 1976 a).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC56592EFF16ECD7B1F3FBD1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: SOUTH AFRICA, Port Elizabeth, Redhouse, 1914, Paterson 312 (BOL, holotype!).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC56592EFF16EB4BB370F83A.taxon	description	Description: woody shrublets. Leaves crowded on branches, opposite, usually fasciculate on lateral brachyblasts, sometimes becoming alternate on stem elongation, entire, somewhat fleshy, mid-ribbed, glandular on both surfaces or only on apical margins and midrib, glandular trichomes robust with a distinct head and short stalk or sometimes reduced and prickle-like; leaves frequently also sparsely to densely greyish-tomentose on both surfaces, often abaxially with a more sparsely hairy, expanded midrib and margins. Capitula solitary, sessile or terminating pedunculoid stems, frequently in fork of a terminal branch, sometimes flowering branches highly ramified to produce a racemose or cymose synflorescence. Receptacle usually epaleate, rarely paleate, often also shortly squamose. Rays 3 – 25, disc florets 5 – 75, perfect. Pappus of short more-or-less connate scales, occasionally with a few outer additional barbellate bristles on the disk florets, or of barbellate bristles only (Oe. flavicoma). Cypselas glabrous to pilose, more densely so on ray cypselas, frequently also with a basal tuft of hairs. Cytology: 2 n = 14 (Oe. humilis, five specimens); 2 n = c. 28 (Oe. oppositifolia and Oe. humilis; one specimen of each), and c. 56 (Oe. humilis; one specimen), all from Bremer (1976 b). This is the only section in which polyploids have been observed.	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC515929FF16EB41B73FF895.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera capensis (Linnaeus) Druce Description: low, sparsely- to densely-branched shrublets, branches closely leafy especially in upper part, leaves imbricate, narrowly subulate to lanceolate-ovate, apiculate with sharp, pungent mucro, sometimes conduplicate, erect to strongly recurved, margins flat but slightly thickened and cartilaginous, with silky hairs on the margins especially on involucral leaves (leaves forming the pseudo-involucre), glabrous or hirsute or with glandular trichomes, leaf surface leathery, sometimes striate, margins frequently bearing large regular tooth-like trichomes. About 5 – 25 capitula grouped together in a terminal, umbel-like syncephalium, surrounded by a pseudo-involucre of leaves; involucral leaves generally broader and more densely hairy than vegetative leaves; individual capitula sessile, discernable only on dissection or due to centripetal floral maturation, involucral bracts thin, scarious, pale or translucent, tightly imbricate and apically lacerate; individual capitula few-flowered, rays 1 – 6 per capitulum, usually only the outer female florets of the peripheral capitula with expanded ligules; in the central capitula, peripheral female florets mini-ligulate or tubular (heads disciform), sometimes bearing ligules intermediate in size. Disc florets 3 – 10 per capitulum, perfect or functionally male (Oe. laevis). Pappus of scales, short and more-or-less connate and lacerate, or bristle-like. Cytology: 2 n = 14 (Oe. imbricata Lamarck [1786: 344]; Anderberg & Källersjö, 1988). Note: The species in section Oedera are currently under revision by the first author, and what follows below represents a preliminary list pending the outcome of further taxonomic and nomenclatural investigations.	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC505928FF16ED3EB675FDA8.taxon	materials_examined	Type: SOUTH AFRICA, “ Cap. ”, Thunberg s. n., Thunberg Herb. No. 133625 (UPS-THUNB holotype).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC505928FF16EC22B692FA4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: SOUTH AFRICA, 1832, W. J. Burchell 6870, G-DC No. 453539 (G-DC holotype!).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC505928FF16EC22B692FA4D.taxon	description	Description: stems white-woolly when young. Leaves thin-textured and relatively soft, linear to narrowly obovate, spathulate or orbiculate, involute with margins narrowly rolled, leaf apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes apiculate; concave adaxial surface densely white- tomentose; abaxial surface frequently rugulose (at least when dry), glandular-punctate and resiniferous, frequently with a deciduous covering of white wool, mid-ribbed, deep green when fresh. Capitula solitary or 3 – 12 arranged in terminal cymes, sessile or on short, densely white-woolly peduncles up to 6 mm long, uppermost leaves obscuring the bases of the capitula. Receptacle paleate or epaleate and then sometimes also shortly squamose. Ray florets 7 – 40. Ligules pale yellow, never with a purple-brown abaxial stripe. Disc florets 10 – 120, hermaphrodite or functionally male, in which case cypselas sterile and glabrous, and stigmatic apices only shortly cleft. Fertile cypselas glabrous to densely villose. Pappus of lacerate, ± connate scales, sometimes fused into a cup, rarely with a few additional barbellate bristles on the disc florets (Oe. corymbosa). Six species, endemic to the CFR. Cytology: diploids with 2 n = 14 (Oe. tricephala and Oe. spathulifolia, Bremer, 1976 a).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC53592BFF16ED91B6D9FABA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Oedera genistifolia (Linnaeus) Anderberg & K. Bremer. Description: leaves alternate, rarely decussate, erect to spreading, occasionally squarrose, often somewhat fleshy and (sub) terete; leaf surface flat to somewhat involute but margins not rolled, both leaf surfaces lacking hairs except sometimes in young growth; both leaf surfaces usually distinctly and densely glandular-punctate with usually small, sunken, pellucid glands, no veins visible except midrib; leaves often viscid with a clear, shiny resin. Capitula solitary, in pairs, or 3 – 15 together, sessile or peduncles up to 25 mm long. Receptacle usually paleate (epaleate in three species). Ray florets 4 – 25, cypselas glabrous or (usually) densely pilose, disc florets 8 – 65, cypselas glabrous, glandular or sparsely pilose, rarely sterile. Pappus of more-or-less connate, lacerate scales <2 mm long, in one species some additional barbellate bristles sometimes present (Oe. sedifolia). Fourteen species, occurring in the more arid habitats in the GCFR (arid fynbos, renosterveld, or succulent karoo); one species in the Drakensberg. Cytology: all species have been investigated and are diploids with 2 n = 14 (Bremer, 1976 a).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
03B58783BC52592AFF16EB13B6F3FB9E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, Swartruggens, 2000, Beyers 272 (NBG, holotype!; K, PRE!, UPS, isotypes).	en	Bergh, Nicola G., Bentley, Joanne, Verboom, George Anthony (2018): Classification of the Relhania generic group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) revisited using molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 344 (2): 101-132, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.1
