identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B587C2C011FF86FF0DFD7EFDEBF9BB.text	03B587C2C011FF86FF0DFD7EFDEBF9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomacrocoris liberianus	<div><p>Neomacrocoris liberianus NEW SPECIES</p><p>Figs. 1–2</p><p>Macropterous male. HOLOTYPE, length 10.40 (paratype 10.08); maximum width 6.44 (paratype 6.24). General shape elongate oval, widest across embolia (Fig. 1). Overall dorsal coloration yellowish brown anteriorly with dark scutellum and hemelytra; ventral surface mostly brown; legs, lateral margin of abdomen, and lateral part of propleura yellow.</p><p>Head. Length 1.88, maximum width 2.72. Yellow with dark brown punctures, brown associated with punctures coalescent near posterior margin; projecting beyond eyes 13% of head length. Eyes dark brown; approximately twice as long as wide, length/width 1.20/0.58; inner margins shallowly concave, lateral margins rounded; synthlipsis at anterior end, 1.28; vertex with visible posterior margin shallowly convex, meeting posteromedial corner of eye. Labrum yellowish brown, broadly rounded distally, twice as wide as long, width/length = 0.84/0.42. Maxillary plate yellowish brown, darker anteriorly, narrow, elongate, extending ventrally approximately to half length of labrum, bordering sides of rostral base. Labium with three visible segments darkening distally from yellow basal segments to yellowish-brown distal segment, short, extending 0.48 beyond labrum. Antenna short, hirsute, extending slightly beyond lateral margin of eye, relative lengths 6:11:13:8.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum broad, highly convex, brownish yellow; scattered brown punctation throughout, paired brown areas immediately lateral to midline; wide transverse band along posterior margin set off with irregular series of brown, longitudinally elongate markings, otherwise immaculate yellow; maximum width 6.00, length at midline 2.88; posterior margin shallowly concave in middle, rounded laterally; lateral margins evenly convex, convergent anteriorly, distinctly explanate; posterolateral corners rounded; vague rugosity especially evident anteromedially; with scattered pale setae. Scutellum dark reddish brown; punctate; with scattered thin setae; width 4.08, length at midline 2.48; mesoscutum partially exposed behind pronotum with head/pronotum deflexion; lateral margins slightly convex. Hemelytra brown with subtle lighter mottling; punctate; with sparse, elongate, recumbent and erect setae; length 7.04 (chord measurement). Clavus distinct, small yellow markings at commissure. Embolium well delineated, lateral margin convex throughout, convexity stronger in posterior half, anterior 2/3 yellowish laterally, maximum width 0.80, length 3.00. Hemelytra not attaining tip of abdomen (terminal abdominal segments were bent downward in Fig. 1 to enable view of terga in Figs. 2 A, B), half of lateral lobes of abdominal segment VIII exposed; venation not evident, membrane of underlapping wing (left) mostly pruinose. Hindwings well developed. Ventrally, prosternum with mid-ventral carina. Propleuron laterally with extensive yellow, glabrous area extending 1/2 distance to mesal margin; black pruinose area mesad of yellow, glabrous area; propleura widely separated at midline. Mesobasisternum with medial carina with elongate pale brown setae and series of 6–7 ventrally directed protuberances; meso- and metasterna mostly dark brown, pruinose.</p><p>Legs. All segments yellow except brown protibia and tarsus, meso- and metacoxae. Profemur with scattered brown spots in posterior 2/3 on ventral and dorsal surfaces; anterior margin with dense pad of elongate, goldenbrown setae. Protibia and tarsus with flattened inner surface, tarsus one-segmented, single claw minute. Middle and hind coxae covered with short, pale brown, recumbent setae. Metasternellum (=metaxyphus) with pronounced transverse and longitudinal carinae, thus resembling head of Phillips screwdriver directed posteroventrad. Meso- and metafemora with posteroventral row of pale, peglike spines becoming obsolete proximally; meso- and metafemora and trochanters with posterior surface with short, pale setae, becoming obsolete near distal end of femora; posterodorsal row with pale, elongate setae. Meso- and metatibiae with rows of stout reddish brown spines, 2 transverse rows of long, stout spines at apex, meso- and metatibiae and tarsi with long, golden brown swimming hairs. Meso- and metapretarsal claws paired, slender, evenly curved, with basal tooth. Leg measurements as follows: foreleg, femur 2.76, tibia 1.88, tarsus 0.40; middle leg, femur 2.68, tibia 2.14, tarsomeres 1–3, 0.16, 0.38, 0.52; hind leg, femur 2.96, tibia 3.52, tarsomeres 1–3 0.32, 0.66, 0.66.</p><p>Abdomen. Connexiva III–VIII exposed laterally beyond hemelytra; III–VII each yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly, VIII entirely yellow; lateral margins smooth, with dense fringe of pale setae; posterolateral angles of II–IV square, V–VII acute. Tergum VII with posterior margin with lobe left of midline roundedly acute, devoid of denticles; lobe right of midline (pseudostrigil) large, directed dextrocaudad, flattened, with concavity in distal 1/3, apex reflexed, with dense mat of denticles on dorsal surface in concavity and immediately proximad (Figs. 2 A, B). Tergum VIII with lobe left of midline posteromedial corner roundedly right angled; right lobe broad, posteromedial corner rounded, posterolateral corner squared. Ventrally brown except narrow marginal glabrous yellow band; densely covered with short, brown, recumbent setae; mediosternites with elongate, erect, brown setae. Sternum V with posterior margin concave and mediosternite VI displaced asymmetrically to left. Genital operculum evenly rounded.</p><p>Genitalia. Pygophore brown, elongate setae generally scattered and with a dense brush posteriorly (Fig. 2 C). Parameres lacking. Pygophore with sides deflexed to wrap around sides of phallosoma. Phallosoma beyond pygophore gently arcing left, then right before lateroflexing to left apically (Fig. 2 C); sclerotized vesica and membranous endosoma distad of phallosoma.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis. The structure of the phallosoma and pseudostrigil of N. liberianus are unique among known congeners and are the most obvious diagnostic attributes. Specifically, the pseudostrigil is mostly flattened and the mat of denticles is on the dorsal surface. This species keys to couplet 4 in Sites &amp; Mbogho (2012) where it presents characteristics of both halves of the couplet. The body is longer than 10 mm; however, the width/length ratio is 0.615. Double keying from couplet 4 leads to Neomacrocoris karimii Poisson or to couplet 14. It can be distinguished from N. karimii of East Africa by the narrower body and phallosoma and pseudostrigil structure. At couplet 14, the condition of the phallosoma is distinct to the point that this species no longer keys satisfactorily.</p><p>Discussion. The holotype specimen is from Liberia and was found among identified specimens of Limnocoris pauper Montandon in the USNM. The paratype is from Sierra Leone and was one of three specimens from different African localities in the MNHN that were all identified by Montandon as Pseudambrysus angusticeps (Haglund), now in the genus Neomacrocoris (Montandon 1913). I determined the other two specimens to be N. handlirschi (Montandon), and they were from the Congo and Mpala, Tanganyika. N. liberianus is the westernmost known species of Neomacrocoris. An unidentified female specimen of Neomacrocoris from Sierra Leone is in the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium (Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012), but it is unknown if that female is conspecific with N. liberianus .</p><p>I considered the possibility that this new species could be N. angusticeps based on the nearly identical overall body size as reported in the original description (Haglund 1895) and that both occur in western Africa. The type specimen of N. angusticeps is a male from Cameroon and has been missing since the 1930s from the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum in Stockholm (Poisson 1948, Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012). I searched more than 20 major museums in Africa, Europe, and America that would be expected to hold specimens of Neomacrocoris and was unable to locate the type. Therefore, a current concept for this species is not possible because the original description is only seven lines in length; as such, N. angusticeps is a nomen dubium. Montandon evidently examined the type of N. angusticeps within two years after it was described and later compared it to other species of African Naucoridae . Although the normally astute Montandon identified the paratype designated here as N. angusticeps, he also identified two specimens of N. handlirschi, which also are in the MNHN, as N. angusticeps. Montandon apparently did not consider the genitalic structure of naucorids but instead based his species concepts on more readily apparent features. As such, performing identifications on specimens of Neomacrocoris by Montandon was rendered tenuous and difficult at best because male structures are necessary (Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012). The structure of the phallosomas and pseudostrigils of N. liberianus and N. handlirschi are strikingly distinct.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for the country from which the holotype was collected. Repositories. The holotype is housed in the United States National Museum of Natural History and the only paratype is in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle—Paris.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: LIBERIA: Reputa, WM Mann / Smithsonian Firestone Exp, 1940 (USNM, ♂). Paratype: SIERRA LEONE / Museum Paris, coll. G. Fallou 259-95 / Pseudambrysus angusticeps Hagl., Montand. det. 1897 (MNHN, 1♂).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587C2C011FF86FF0DFD7EFDEBF9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sites, Robert W.	Sites, Robert W. (2015): A new species, new synonymy, and notes on Neomacrocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae). Zootaxa 3964 (5): 553-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.5
03B587C2C014FF87FF0DF9BCFB98FCF6.text	03B587C2C014FF87FF0DF9BCFB98FCF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomacrocoris parviceps (Montandon) Montandon	<div><p>Neomacrocoris parviceps (Montandon)</p><p>Macrocoris parviceps Montandon 1900: Termé. Füz. 23: 422.</p><p>Neomacrocoris parviceps: Montandon 1913, Bul. Soc. Rom. Ştiinţe, 22: 332.</p><p>Discussion. This species is widespread throughout much of Africa; thus, it is variable in its expression. It is known from the Ivory Coast (Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012) east to Sudan (Linnavuori 1981) and south through the Democratic Republic of Congo (Poisson 1948, 1949) and Tanzania (Mbogho &amp; Sites 2013) to South Africa (Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012). Reported here are the first records of this species from Morogoro Region of Tanzania and Mbale District in eastern Uganda. The limited previous Uganda records were from Jinja District and Namanve Swamp, both near the northern end of Lake Victoria. I collected in Namanve Swamp in August 2013 (L-1636); the swamp has been destroyed for commercial interests to the point that less than 1% of the swamp remained. No specimens of Neomacrocoris were collected in the small tract of remaining swamp. However, further north in Kapchorwa and Mbale districts, I collected several adult and immature specimens in small, muddy agricultural streams in the mountains. In Morogoro Region of Tanzania, many specimens were collected in the muddy, vegetated margins of streams.</p><p>Material examined. TANZANIA: MOROGORO REGION, Kilombero District, Mwaya River at Mang'ula, 07º 50.945'S, 36º 53.201'E, elev. 313 m, 7 August 2013, R.W. Sites, A. Mbogho, G. Rwegasira, muddy/veg margins of sand/gravel stream, L-1623 (UMC, 23♂, 19♀); Kisawasawa River at Kisawasawa, 07º 53.596'S, 36º 52.311'E, elev. 326 m, 8 August 2013, R.W. Sites, A. Mbogho, G. Rwegasira, veg margins of sandy stream L-1625 (UMC, 11♂, 8♀); Sonjo River at Sonjo, 07º 48.490'S, 36º 53.785'E, elev. 320 m, 8 August 2013, R.W. Sites, A. Mbogho, G. Rwegasira, veg margins of rocky stream, L-1626 (UMC, 16♂, 11♀); Sumbugulu River at Kidatu, 07º 43.371'S, 36º 56.013'E, elev. 306 m, 8 August 2013, R.W. Sites, A. Mbogho, G. Rwegasira, veg margins of rocky stream, L- 1627 (UMC, 7♂, 9♀); Kiberege River at Kiberege, 07º 56.871'S, 36º 51.378'E, elev. 299 m, 8 August 2013, R.W. Sites, A. Mbogho, G. Rwegasira, vegetated margins of sandy stream, L-1628 (UMC, 3♂, 5♀); Ilahi River at Iraguwa, 08º 30.336'S, 36º 31.660'E, elev 313 m, 9 August 2013, R.W. Sites &amp; G. Rwegasira, muddy stream w/ vegetated margins, L-1633 (UMC, 2♀). UGANDA: KAPCHORWA DISTRICT: Chekwenda River, 01º 20.633'N, 34º 20.372'E, elev. 1360 m, 14 August 2013, R.W. Sites &amp; M. Masanza, veg margins of muddy stream, L-1641 (UMC, 1♂, 1♀, 2 nymphs). MBALE DISTRICT, Nambale, ca. 4 km S Mbale, 01º 00.392'N, 34º 11.394'E, elev. 1159 m, 14 August 2013, R.W. Sites &amp; M. Masanza, gravel strm with veg margins, L-1643 (UMC, 1♂).</p><p>Published records. See records of N. parviceps in Sites &amp; Mbogho (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587C2C014FF87FF0DF9BCFB98FCF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sites, Robert W.	Sites, Robert W. (2015): A new species, new synonymy, and notes on Neomacrocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae). Zootaxa 3964 (5): 553-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.5
03B587C2C015FF87FF0DFC7CFEC0F85A.text	03B587C2C015FF87FF0DFC7CFEC0F85A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomacrocoris transvaalensis (Distant) Distant	<div><p>Neomacrocoris transvaalensis (Distant)</p><p>Macrocoris transvaalensis Distant 1904: Entomol. 37: 258–259.</p><p>Neomacrocoris transvaalensis: Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012, Zootaxa 3555: 29–30.</p><p>Neomacrocoris bondelaufa Sites 2012 in Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012: Zootaxa 3555: 6–9. New Synonymy</p><p>Discussion. Distant (1904) described Macrocoris transvaalensis from the Lydenburg District in northeastern South Africa. His description was brief to the extent that except for body size, it was consistent with nearly every species of Neomacrocoris although he placed it in the genus Macrocoris . The original description did not mention the number of specimens, sex, or repository; however, a single female specimen with a holotype label was found in the BMNH and because it was not indicated in the original description, it was designated as the lectotype and the species transferred to Neomacrocoris by Sites &amp; Mbogho (2012). Reliable identifications of species in this genus require male genitalia and associated abdominal terga; except for a few species, females must be associated with identifiable males (Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012). Because N. transvaalensis was known only by females, the possibility remained that it could be conspecific with a described congener and that male specimens were needed to resolve its identity. Recent collections by Hannes Marais has made available one female and three male specimens from the Sterkspruit (river) in Lydenburg District, South Africa. The female is consistent with the lectotype of N. transvaalensis in that it bears a small lateral production on the subgenital plate, the only diagnostic character noted for N. transvaalensis . However, the males from the Sterkspruit are consistent with those of N. bondelaufa Sites, including in the diagnostic structure of the phallosoma and pseudostrigil of the 7th tergum. Although the subgenital plate of female specimens from Tanzania do not bear the lateral productions of the South African specimens, this feature is subtle and differentially expressed in the known South African specimens. As such, I consider the lack of these productions in the Tanzanian specimens to represent intraspecific variation among populations. Thus, I here synonymize N. bondelaufa with N. transvaalensis . Further, the detailed description of N. bondelaufa in Sites &amp; Mbogho (2012) serves as a redescription of N. transvaalensis (Distant) .</p><p>Material examined. SOUTH AFRICA: Lydenburg District, Sterkspruit, 1.2 km SE of Lydenburg, 25.11409º S, 30.46908º E, 1412 m elev, 19 August 2014, H. Marais (UMC, 2♂); Lydenburg District, Sterkspruit, 8 km SE of Lydenburg, 25.14404º S, 30.53465º E, 1565 m elev, 21 August 2014, H. Marais (UMC, 1♂, 1♀).</p><p>Published records. [SOUTH AFRICA]: Transvaal, Lydenburg Dist. / Transvaalensis Dist. Type / 8I / Type H. T. / Neomacrocoris transvaalensis (Distant) Lectotype (BMNH, ♀). SOUTH AFRICA: Natal. Mtubatuba, III- 24 &amp;25-1968, Paul J. Spangler (USNM, 2 ♀). See N. bondelaufa records from Congo and Tanzania in Sites &amp; Mbogho (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587C2C015FF87FF0DFC7CFEC0F85A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sites, Robert W.	Sites, Robert W. (2015): A new species, new synonymy, and notes on Neomacrocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae). Zootaxa 3964 (5): 553-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.5
03B587C2C016FF84FF0DFF4FFDE1FC60.text	03B587C2C016FF84FF0DFF4FFDE1FC60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomacrocoris vuga Sites	<div><p>Neomacrocoris vuga Sites</p><p>Neomacrocoris vuga Sites: in Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012, Zootaxa 3555: 34–37.</p><p>Discussion. This recently described species is known from only five localities, three in the Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania and two in southern Kenya (Sites &amp; Mbogho 2012). One female and one 5th instar were found among undetermined material in the BMNH. Although males generally are needed for specific determination, the subgenital plate of N. vuga is distinct and this female is large and ovate (length 12.00, width 7.68 mm), which is characteristic of the species. The label data are contradictory because the country is given as Ethiopia; however, all other label details refer by name and coordinates to a locality in Kenya, ca. 28 km northwest of Nairobi. Thus, the country is clearly mislabeled and should read Kenya rather than Ethiopia. This is the sixth record for the species, and it extends the known range further to the northwest in Kenya to involve another mountain range.</p><p>Material examined. [KENYA]: Ethiopia, Dam Limuru, 1º 8'S, 36º 38'E, 18 III 1945, N. Hynes coll / Brit. Mus. 1955–67 (BMNH, 1♀, 1–5th instar).</p><p>Published records. KENYA: Museum Leiden, Taita Hills, Wusi; no jk 143, 29.XI.1974, ca 850 m, J. Krikken &amp; A. L. van Berge Henegouwen, 3o27'S – 38o 21'E / rivulet in cult. area (RMNH, 1♂); Museum Leiden, E. le Moult, Kenya Nairobi, Ngong-Forest, Br. O, Afrika (RMNH, 1♂, 2♀). TANZANIA: Tanga Region, river from Soni to Mombo, 2 km E of Vuga Junction, 0 4o 52.040'S, 38o 20.906'E, 460 m, 14 August 2010, colls. R. W. Sites &amp; A. Mbogho, grassy overhangs in rocky stream, L-1253 (♂ holotype; 1♂, 2♀ paratypes); river from Soni to Mombo, Karense, 1 km E of Soni, 0 4o 50.284'S, 38o 22.355'E, 1051 m, 14 August 2010, colls. R. W. Sites &amp; A. Mbogho, vegetated overhangs and undercuts, L-1254 (1♂, 4♀ paratypes); W. Usambara Mts. 38 22E, 4 44S, 10 Aug 1996, 5100 ft, P. Cresswell, creek (CMNH, 1♀).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587C2C016FF84FF0DFF4FFDE1FC60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sites, Robert W.	Sites, Robert W. (2015): A new species, new synonymy, and notes on Neomacrocoris (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Naucoridae). Zootaxa 3964 (5): 553-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.5.5
