taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 5)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC.taxon	description	Specimens examined. PHILIPPINES • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan, foot of Mt Balatukan; 14 February 2023; coll. A. M. Sabang, A. Gono, D. C. M. Bahoy & K. Grumo; MIN. 23.39 (ZRC)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was first described in 2020 but the calling song was not known. The morphology and genitalia of our male specimen resemble that of the holotype (Fig. 2).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. We observed this species dwelling among foliage of ground-over plants and moss among dead log in open forest (Figs 1, 3, 4).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77F67410CFEC4D1288BFCAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur) Calling song (1 J, 29.2 ± 1.2 ° C) (Fig. 5). The calling song consists of an echeme including an average of 77 ± 11 discrete syllables (41 – 90 syllables). The first few (ca. 10) syllables tend to be of lower amplitudes and erratic in duration and intervals; amplitude of syllable gradually increases to a maximum and stabilises at one third of echeme duration. Each echeme has a duration of 1.08 ± 0.13 s (0.61 – 1.25 s). The average syllable duration is 7.23 ± 0.75 ms (5.60 – 8.50 ms) and average interval between consecutive syllables is 5.87 ± 0.95 ms (3.90 – 7.60 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 18.46 ± 0.45 kHz (17.91 – 19.41 kHz).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77C674F0CFEC0FF280CFEC5.taxon	description	(Figs 6 – 8, 9 A – C)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77C674F0CFEC0FF280CFEC5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The calling song of this species is described here for the first time.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77C674F0CFEC0FF280CFEC5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is fairly common in Barangay Lunotan where numerous males can be heard calling on tree trunks at night. As they often call while hiding on tree trunk covered with moss (and possibly under tree bark), they are not easily sighted.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77C674F0CFEC0FF280CFEC5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Misamis Oriental, Mt Balatukan	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77C674F0CFEC0FF280CFEC5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Gingoog City in Misamis Oriental) Calling song (1 J, 19.2 ° C) (Fig. 8). The calling song consists of short echemes with 10 – 11 discrete syllables. The first 2 – 3 syllables tend to be of lower amplitudes; amplitude of syllable gradually increases to a maximum and stabilises. Each echeme has a duration of 0.64 ± 0.3 s (0.59 – 0.67 s). The average syllable duration is 25.9 ± 4.3 ms (19.4 – 37.3 ms) and average interval between consecutive syllables is 34.3 ± 4.2 ms (22.9 – 41.1 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a series of harmonics, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 4.41 ± 0.00 kHz.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE773674D0CFEC69D28BCFD9C.taxon	description	(Figs 9 D, 9 E)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE773674D0CFEC69D28BCFD9C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. was first placed under the genus Endodrelanva Gorochov, 2000 and the authors mentioned about its peculiarity (Tan et al., 2019). New material of Ajorama balatukanis allowed us to compare these two species, leading us to create a new combination for Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. Despite overall similarities in both the genitalia morphology and calling songs, there are still characteristic differences. Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. has smaller male genitalia than Ajorama balatukanis (Fig. 9). In both posterior and lateral views, Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. has the pseudepiphallic lophi [posterolateral epiphallic lobe] longer and distinctly slenderer, with the apex more acute than in Ajorama balatukanis (Fig. 9). In lateral view, the posterior process of pseudepiphallic posteromedial lophi [posteromedial epiphallic lobe] of Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. is more broadly rounded (instead of obtusely triangular in Ajorama balatukanis); whereas the anterior process of pseudepiphallic posteromedial lophi of Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. is slightly more obtuse than of Ajorama balatukanis, which is more elongated and slightly curved (this character is more plastic) (Fig. 9). Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. produces short echemes, similar to Ajorama balatukanis, but the calling song differs by: (1) echeme made up of 7 – 8 syllables of very similar amplitudes (instead of 10 – 11 syllables) and hence having a shorter echeme duration (0.35 s instead of 0.64 s), (2) shorter syllable duration of 17.0 ms (instead of 25.9 ms) and (3) higher dominant frequency of 6.08 kHz (instead of 4.41 kHz). These differences support the hypothesis that Ajorama siargaoensis comb. nov. from Siargao Island is a distinct species from Ajorama balatukanis from Mindanao Island (not far from Siargao Island).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE773674D0CFEC69D28BCFD9C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Not different from Ajorama balatukanis; but this species is found in lowland of Siargao Island and was found calling on trunks of coconut palm (a common plant there), instead of trees covered in moss (typical of mossy forest in the highlands).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE773674D0CFEC69D28BCFD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Siargao Island	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE773674D0CFEC69D28BCFD9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Siargao Island) Calling song. See remarks and Tan et al. (2019 a).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 11)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	description	New specimen examined. PHILIPPINES • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan, foot of Mt Balatukan; N 8.70601, E 125.00623, 1213.0 ± 6.0 m. a. s. l.; 15 February 2023, 19 h 44; open area outside mossy forest, on a shrub leaf; coll. M. K. Tan, J. A. G. Salvador, A. M. Sabang, A. Gono, D. C. M. Bahoy & K. Grumo; MIN. 23.51 (ZRC) (Figs 10, 11)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimen we collected from Barangay Lunotan at the foot of Mt Balatukan represents the second published record of this species. Our specimen resembles in the colour patterns of the Pentacentrus philippinensis male holotype (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 5041) from Davao (also on Mindanao Island). Here, we also describe the male genitalia for the first time. This species remains the only known species of Pentacentrus from the Philippines. However, at Barangay Lunotan, we also observed another species of Pentacentrus but we did not manage to collect the specimen (Fig 12).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	description	Description of male genitalia. Male genitalia as shown in Figs 11 F – H: Pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] stout, middle of posterior end deeply and roundly emarginated; lateral of the emargination lobular with obtuse apex. Ventro-external of the latero-posterior lobules produced into two slender and elongated pseudepiphallic lophi [posterolateral epiphallic lobe]. In dorsal view, lophi with obliquely-rounded apices; in profile view, lophi pointing dorsad. Posterior margin, including lateral lobule and medial emargination, with a few (sparsely spaced) long setae; pseudepiphallic lophi with apices having a few closely packed stout setae. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] large and strongly sclerotized; externally with process long, slender and laterally-compressed and pointing dorsad; apex nearly reaching apex of pseudepiphallic lophi, with a few stout, closely packed setae; internally with stouter process, posterior end in profile view obtuse and pointing posteriorly and ventral margin granular, in ventral view slender. Ectophallic fold [rachis] strongly sclerotized, pointing dorsad, blade-like, tapering into acute apex. Ectophallic apodeme [endoparameral apodeme] in profile view broad, with anterior end truncated and forming hook-liked lobule. Endophallic sclerite [formula] very small, posterior end tapering into long acute apex.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The male was collected along forest edge of mossy forest and was found dwelling among foliage.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Davao	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE770674B0CFEC18F281FF8C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Davao, Misamis Oriental) Calling song. This species is mute.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77467480CFEC3CF29F8F817.taxon	description	(Figs 13 – 16)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77467480CFEC3CF29F8F817.taxon	materials_examined	New specimens examined. PHILIPPINES • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan, foot of Mt Balatukan; N 8.70485, E 125.00648, 1193.0 ± 5.3 m. a. s. l.; 15 February 2023, 09 h 26; on a shrub; coll. J. Lapay; MIN. 23.44 (ZRC) (Figs 13, 14) • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Kalagunoy, foot of Mt Balatukan; N 8.73898, E 125.03278, 1050 m. a. s. l.; 29 April 2023, 20 h 00; open area outside the mossy forest, on a fern foliage; coll. A. M. Sabang & D. C. M. Bahoy; specimen damaged but genitalia preserved (MSUIIT)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77467480CFEC3CF29F8F817.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male specimens which we collected from Mt Balatukan resemble the holotype of V. bakeri (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 6696) and V. bakeri sensu Gorochov (2003) from Mindanao Island in the ectophallic fold [rachis (= guiding rod)] in profile view, which is characteristic of the species and differentiate it from a similar-looking congener, i. e., Varitrella (Cantotrella) saussurei (Stål, 1877) from northern Philippines (i. e., Babuyan Islands) (Figs 14, 15). The male specimens from Mt Balatukan also have identical subgenital plate as the male examined by Gorochov (2003) [V. bakeri sensu Gorochov (2003)]. The male FWs of our specimens nonetheless differs from the holotype by the presence of a distinct white spot (vaguely present in the holotype).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77467480CFEC3CF29F8F817.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77467480CFEC3CF29F8F817.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Surigao City	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE77467480CFEC3CF29F8F817.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Surigao City in Surigao del Norte, Gingoog City in Misamis Oriental) Calling song (1 J, 21.1 ± 0.5 ° C) (Fig. 16). The calling song consists of an echeme made up of 18 ± 1 syllables (13 – 20 syllables) and has an average duration of 3.48 ± 0.27 s (2.53 – 4.04 s). Each syllable has an average duration of 33.11 ± 1.50 ms (29.30 – 36.80 ms). The average interval between consecutive syllables is 172.6 ± 4.1 ms (164.2 – 183.7 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 4.99 ± 0.11 kHz (4.78 – 5.16 kHz).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	description	(Figs 17 – 19)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	materials_examined	New specimens examined. PHILIPPINES • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur, Talacogon, Barangay Marbon; N 8.3963847, E 125.8110506; 11 May 2022, 22 h 04; on the foliage of Zea mays; coll. M. Salvador, J. A. Salvador, B. Beramo; 30 JAS 952 (PNM) (Fig. 17 A) • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Balingoan, Barangay Mapua, Mimbilisan Protected Landscape; N 8.948889, E 124.865278, 450 – 500 m. a. s. l; 2 April 2023, 19 h 00; open area outside secondary forest, on a surface of a bush; coll. A. M. Sabang & D. C. M. Bahoy; A 205 (ZRC) (Figs 17 B, 17 C)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was previously described based on a female from Iligan (Lanao del Norte) in Mindanao (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 6695). Our male specimens from Mindanao resemble the female holotype by the pronotal dorsal disk with a characteristic hourglass-shaped dark brown pattern and the spotted patterns on the legs. Given that our male specimens were collected from Agusan del Sur and Balingoan, it will not be surprising that this species is more widely distributed across Mindanao. Here, the male is described for the first time, but whether our male specimens are truly Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata can still afford further testing and verification.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (new). The male genitalia of Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata is most similar to Varitrella quadrata (Haan, 1842) from Java by the ectophallic fold with its apex somewhat surpassing both the lateral lobes and with the emargination between both lateral lobes truncated; but differs by the pseudepiphallus with the dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine strongly sclerotized but small, and with its acute apex (absent in Varitrella quadrata); by the pseudepiphallus in profile view with its latero-apical lobular parts truncated, and with the dorso-posterior angle nearly right-angled and without a dorso-apical process; and by the ectophallic fold shaft-liked with lateral margins somewhat parallel throughout its length. From Philippines congeners, Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata differs from Varitrella (Cantotrella) saussurei (Stål, 1877), Varitrella (Cantotrella) bakeri (Chopard, 1925), Varitrella (Cantotrella) conspersa (Stål, 1877) and Varitrella (Cantotrella) variabilis Gorochov, 2006 by the presence of the small dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine and the absence of a large dorso-apical process at the latero-apical lobular parts; as well as by the shape of ectophallic fold. From Varitrella mindoroensis Gorochov, 2006 by the distinctly different shape of male genitalia; from Varitrella palawanensis Gorochov, 2006 by dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine smaller and shorter and latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus in profile view more truncated, and the shape of ectophallic fold.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	description	Redescription. Habitus medium sized, generally brown to dark brown. Head in dorsum brown with medial part of posterior third dark brown; finely pubescent, especially posterior of eyes. Fastigium in dorsal view dark brown. Rostrum about 0.9 times as wide as scapes, finely pubescent; with apex in dorsal view truncated and margin cream-coloured (Fig. 18 A). Eyes in dorsal view faintly projected anteriorly (Fig. 18 A). Median ocellus small and round; lateral ocelli round and larger than median ocellus, in anterior view located dorsad of scapes close to median ocellus (Fig. 18 B). Maxillary palpi with apical segment longest, particularly pubescent (compared to other segments), somewhat pyriform with rounded apex; with subapical segment cylindrical and expanding apically; with third segment slender and cylindrical and slightly longer than subapical segment (Fig. 18 C). Gena and posterior of eye in profile view brown with tint of dark patterns (Fig. 18 C). Face in anterior view ca. 1.1 times as tall as wide; cream-coloured between antennal sockets, with dark transverse band ventrad of antennal sockets; mouthparts mostly yellow brown (Fig. 18 B). Pronotal disk brown, about 1.3 times as wide as long, faintly widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.2 times as wide as anterior margin); with small black spots; in middle with hourglass-shaped dark-brown pattern but with indistinct margin; finely and densely pubescent (Fig. 18 A). Pronotal disk with anterior margin broadly concave and with black and cream-coloured spots; disk with posterior margin faintly angularly convex with fewer contrasting-coloured spots (Fig. 18 A). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.6 times as long as high; densely and finely pubescent; in dorsal third with a longitudinal black band, otherwise brown with black spots; margins brown (Fig. 18 C). Metanotal gland absent. TI swollen; with inner tympanum slit-like; with outer tympanum open and having oval tympanal membrane (smaller than the slit of inner tympanum). TIII with 6 inner and 5 outer long subapical spurs, 3 inner and 2 outer apical spurs; with 1 – 4 spines between spines; many numerous spines before most proximal spurs; and with inner spurs (including apical spurs) longer than corresponding outer ones. Legs generally cream-coloured with numerous small dark spots; FIII with ventral margin having distinct dark bands, with posterior end darkened and knee dark coloured; TIII pale brown with numerous small dark-brown spots, spurs generally pale-coloured with red-brown apices. Thoracic and abdominal tergites and sternites generally cream-coloured with small faintly-dark spots. Male. FW covering abdomen and barely surpassing apex of FIII (Fig. 17). Colouration: yellow brown. Dorsal field yellow brown with veins at basal area, proximal part of region of chords dark-coloured; with veins around plectral area (pl) white; and with white spot between disto-lateral edge of mirror and stock of MP + CuA 1 (Fig. 18 D). Lateral field paler, pale brown with blackish marks near Sc between branches of Sc. Between R and M cream-coloured and Sc and R dark coloured (Fig. 18 D). Venation: diagonal straight, with 5 oblique veins in harp area; mirror 1.6 times as long as wide, dividing vein typical of subgenus (Fig. 18 D). Lateral field with around 16 branches on Sc (Fig. 18 E). Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs (Fig 17). Subgenital plate with lateral margin tapering into subacute apex; with medial carina running longitudinal which produce into small lobe at apical margin (Fig 18 F). Male genitalia as shown in (Fig. 19): Pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] stout, in profile view tall and broad. Pseudepiphallus with dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine (ds) strongly sclerotized but small with acute apex; with two smaller spinules posterior of the spine; in profile view pointing dorsad. Pseudepiphallus with posterior end diverged and produced into two latero-apical lobular parts (al). Pseudepiphallus in dorsal view: broad, with apex narrowly obtuse; between latero-apical lobules deeply V-emarginated. In profile view: with posterior part truncated, without dorso-apical spinule but along dorsal margin with a few small spinules and short fine setae; dorso-posterior angle nearly right-angled, ventro-posterior angle curved. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] elongated, tapered abruptly into a slender and curved hooked-like apical third with apex acute, and pointing ventrad posteriorly. Ectophallic fold [rachis] shaft-liked, with lateral margins somewhat parallel throughout length, rather long, slightly surpassing pseudepiphallus. Ectophallic fold at posterior end produced into two broadly-obtuse lateral lobes (lo), in dorsal view with apical emargination wider between lateral lobes and truncated; ectophallic fold slightly surpassing both lateral lobes. Endophallic sclerite [formula] elongated, typical of genus. Rami very short. Spermatophore rounded to slightly oval. Measurements (in mm). 2 J: BL = 15.5 – 18.6; BWL = 24.7 – 25.6; HL = 1.8 – 2.5; PronL = 2.7 – 3.0; PronW = 3.5 – 3.9; FWL = 17.1 – 18.1; FWW = 3.7 – 4.4; HWT = 3.0 – 3.6; FIIIL = 11.6 – 12.6; TIIIL = 11.5 – 12.0.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species was found on the Zea mays (corn) plant, and more commonly found hiding in the corners of the leaves.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Lanao del Norte, Iligan	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76A67520CFEC5912E79FA90.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Agusan del Sur, Lanao del Norte and Balingoan) Calling song (1 J, 29 ± 2 ° C). The calling song consists of echemes made up of 4 or 5 syllables and has an average duration of 0.58 ± 0.08 s (0.52 – 0.68 s). Each syllable has an average duration of 34.7 ± 2.7 ms (30.7 – 39.4 ms). The average interval between consecutive syllables is 0.13 ± 0.01 ms (0.12 – 0.13 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 6.25 kHz. The calling song of Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata differs from that of Varitrella (Cantotrella) bakeri by the fewer number of syllables within each echeme, even though the syllable duration is similar. The average interval between consecutive syllables of V. (C.) fuscoirrorata is slightly shorter than that of V. (C.) bakeri. The calling song of V. (C.) fuscoirrorata has a higher dominant frequency than that of V. (C.) bakeri (although this may be attributed to the difference in the temperature during recording). The calling song of Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata is different from those of congeners with known calling songs (i. e., Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei Tan, Japir & Chung, 2020 and Varitrella (Cantotrella) tabin Tan, Japir, Chung & Robillard, 2022) (see Tan et al., 2020 a, 2022). The calling song consists of echemes with 4 or 5 syllables, instead of echeme-sequences made up of a few closely-spaced syllables.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	description	(Figs 20 – 22)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Mnesibulus (Amnesibulus) zamboanga comb. nov. represents the third species in this subgenus after M. (A.) silentus Gorochov, 2003 from Sulawesi and M. (A.) congruus (Walker, 1869) from the Philippines, and the second from the Philippines.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (new). Mnesibulus (Amnesibulus) zamboanga comb. nov. is characterised by the pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] with an obovate to flabellate apex; the ectophallic fold [rachis] with a pair of apical sclerites processes curved abruptly dorsad then anteriorly and inward, forming hooked acute apices; the pseudepiphallic dorso-apical process (da p) in profile view pointing dorsad (nearly 90 ° to the dorsum of the pseudepiphallus) and anteriorly; FWs more developed (with a false mirror and three slightly curved oblique veins). Mnesibulus (Amnesibulus) zamboanga comb. nov. is most similar to M. (A.) congruus (Walker, 1869) from the Philippines by the shape of the anal plate with a large, pale grey, oval and transverse median concavity; and having its apex truncated. However, it differs by the pseudepiphallus with its dorso-apical process of the seemingly larger and pointing more dorsad (nearly 90 ° to dorsum of pseudepiphallus); the pseudepiphallic paramere with an obovate to flabellate apex (instead of being narrowly hooked), and the ectophallic fold [rachis (= guiding rod)] with its apical process strongly curved dorsad (rather than tapering and pointing posteriorly). It also differs by the subgenital plate with the tapering posterior and the rectangular anterior halves having sub-equal lengths (instead of the posterior half distinctly longer than the anterior half) and the apex obtuse (instead of a subacute apex, although this could be an artefact of preservation). Mnesibulus (Amnesibulus) zamboanga comb. nov. also differs from the type species M. (A.) silentus Gorochov, 2003 from Sulawesi by the pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] with the dorso-apical process in profile view pointing feebly anteriorly and stouter (instead of pointing posteriorly and slenderer); the pseudepiphallic lophi [posterolateral epiphallic lobe] in dorsal view stout and obtuse (instead slender and curving slighly inwards), in profile view surpassing the posterior end of the dorso-apical process (instead of being deeply emarginated between dorso-apical process and not surpassing the process); pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] with an obovate to flabellate apex with granular surfaces and serrated margins.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	description	Redescription. Habitus as shown in Fig. 20; medium sized, generally dark brown to black with yellow-brown to red-brown legs. Head, including rostrum, dark-coloured. Rostrum about 1.1 times as wide as scapes, finely pubescent; with apex in dorsal view broadly rounded and margin cream-coloured (Fig. 21 A). Eyes in dorsal view slightly projected anteriorly (Fig. 21 A). Median ocellus indistinct; lateral ocelli oval, located between scapes and eyes. Maxillary palpi with apical segment longest, distinctly flattened and oblong with rounded apex; with subapical segment cylindrical and expanding apically; with third segment cylindrical and slightly longer than subapical segment (Fig. 21 B). Gena and posterior of eye in profile view brown (Fig. 21 B). Face in anterior view 1.3 times as wide as tall; red brown (Fig. 21 C). Pronotal disk black with anterior and posterior margins brown; about 1.5 – 1.7 times as wide as long, faintly widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.3 times as wide as anterior margin); finely and densely pubescent. Pronotal disk with anterior margin broadly concave; posterior margin faintly angularly convex (Fig. 21 A). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.2 times as long as high; with a longitudinal, slightly sinuous and cream-coloured dorsal band, ventral of this band yellow brown to brown (Fig. 21 B). Metanotal gland absent (Fig. 21 D). TI swollen; with inner tympanum slit-like; with outer tympanum open and having oval tympanal membrane. TIII with 6 inner and 5 outer long subapical spurs, 3 inner and 2 outer apical spurs; with 1 – 4 spines between spines; many numerous spines before most proximal spurs; and with inner spurs (including apical spurs) longer than corresponding outer ones. Legs uniformly yellow brown to red brown; knee of FIII dark coloured. Thoracic and abdominal tergites dark-coloured, sternites yellow brown to brown. Male. FWs (Fig. 21 E) covering abdomen and barely surpassing apex of FIII. Colouration: black, with cream-coloured infumation. Veins generally black, but some cross-veins creamed-coloured. Dorsal field of FW with small irregular cream-coloured spot at base, larger spot anterior of 1 A; with transverse cream-coloured stripe along diagonal separating oblique vein of harp area and false mirror; FW in middle with large triangular cream-coloured patch, posterior of false mirror. Lateral field of FW with veins mostly black and cross-veins cream-coloured (Fig. 21 F). Venation: 1 A very straight, diagonal angularly bent, chord area very large with 3 slightly curved oblique veins in elongated harp area; false mirror small and diamond-shaped, 2.3 times as long as wide, dividing vein straight. Apical field occupying entire posterior half of FWs; 1 A, chords, harp area and false mirror occupying anterior half of FWs. Lateral field around 11 branches on Sc (Fig. 21 F). Hind wings hyalinous dark coloured; clearly surpassing FWs, surpassing middle of TIIIs. Male abdominal gland as shown in Fig 22 A: 6 th abdominal tergite simple, pubescent (especially laterally), posterior margin with two shallow whitish lateral indentation. 7 th abdominal tergite with shallow cavity in the middle with posterior margin narrowly and deeply notched, produced into a tubercle pointing anteriorly; tubercle on 7 th abdominal tergite with whitish spot at apex, apex rounded. 8 th abdominal tergite with similar tubercle as 7 th tergite but not so distinct, posterior margin more broadly and less deeply notched. Anal plate with large, pale-grey, oval and transverse median concavity; apex truncated (Fig. 22 A). Subgenital plate cream-coloured; tapering posterior and rectangular anterior halves of subsequal lengths; apex obtuse (Fig. 22 B). Male genitalia as shown in Figs 22 C – E: Pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] stout. Pseudepiphallus with dorso-apical process (da p) strongly sclerotized with acute apex; in profile view pointing dorsad (nearly 90 ° to dorsum of pseudepiphallus) and anteriorly. Pseudepiphallus with posterior end produced into two pseudepiphallic lophi [posterolateral epiphallic lobe]. In dorsal view, lophi stout and obtuse; pseudepiphallus with posterior margin in dorsal view truncated between lophi with deep narrow emarginatation (widens slightly anteriorly). In profile view, lophi slightly surpassing posterior end of dorso-apical process, but between lophi and dorso-apical process without emargination. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] fairly stout, surpassing with pseudepiphallic lophi; in profile view narrowed in the middle then with obovate to flabellate apex; apex with surface granular and margins serrated. Ectophallic fold [rachis] large and stout, well surpassing pseudepiphallic lophi. At posterior end, ectophallic fold in dorsal view shaft-like (sh), somewhat rectangular with posterior end more sclerotized, roundly truncated and in profile view tapers narrowly into subacute apex. Posterior of shaft, a pair of apical sclerite processes (ds) strongly curved abruptly dorsad then anteriorly and inward, forming hooked acute apices; ventrad of apical sclerites with another pair of long flattened process (vs) producing ventrally with apex obliquely acute. At anterior end, ectophallic fold in ventral view long, diverging anteriorly. Endophallic sclerite [formula] in ventral view with short posterior acute apex flanked by two elongated posterior lateral wing-liked arms, anterior end slender and tapering into acute apex. Ectophallic apodemes [endoparameral apodeme] elongated and parallel, anterior apex reaching anterior end of rami. When first dissected, pseudepiphallic paramere points externally and ectophallic fold extended much more posteriorly. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). 2 J: BL = 17.5 – 18.2; BWL = 27.1 – 28.1; HL = 1.4 – 1.6; PronL = 1.4 – 2.2; PronW = 2.4 – 3.6; FWL = 19.1 – 19.6; FWW = 3.6 – 4.0; HWT = 5.0; FIIIL = 11.6 – 11.8; TIIIL = 10.9.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species was found to inhabit mossy forest but was also attracted to light.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Zamboanga del Norte, Massawan Trail to Mount Malindang	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76F675E0CFEC6DA2EBDF9D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Zamboanga del Norte and Misamis Oriental) Calling song. This species is likely to be mute owing to the rudimentary stridulatory apparatus.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE763675D0CFEC456281FFA39.taxon	description	(Fig. 23)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE763675D0CFEC456281FFA39.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genitalia of the holotype is illustrated here, thereby strongly suggesting that Mistshenkoana? gracilis (Chopard, 1925) sensu Gorochov (2007 [2006]) and sensu Tan et al. (2020 b) from Mount Makiling and Paete (Luzon, Laguna) belong to a different species.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE763675D0CFEC456281FFA39.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE763675D0CFEC456281FFA39.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Agusan Del Norte, Butuan City	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE763675D0CFEC456281FFA39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao: Agusan Del Norte) Calling song. This species is mute.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	description	(Figs 24, 25) Specimens examined. Holotype: PHILIPPINES • ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan, near Mt Sumagaya; N 8.70109, E 125.01304, 1258.0 ± 5.0 m. a. s. l.; 13 February 2023; mossy forest, on a foliage; coll. M. K. Tan, J. A. G. Salvador, A. M. Sabang, A. Gono, D. C. M. Bahoy & K. Grumo; MIN. 23.13 (ZRC)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species has male genitalia most similar to that of Mistshenkoana? yaeyamensis (Oshiro, 1998) sensu Gorochov (2007 [2006]) from Ryukyu (Okinawa) [this species was described from Yonaguni Island near Taiwan]; but differs by the pseudepiphallic paramere being slenderer (particularly the ventral lobe) and more elongated; and by the pseudepiphallic lophi, in profile view, triangular (instead of slightly bent). It also differs by the TIIIs without distinct dark brown spots on dorsal surface. From the congeners found in the Philippines, the new species differs from the male holotype of M. gracilis (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 6738) from Butuan in Agusan Del Norte (Mindanao) by the differently shaped pseudepiphallic lophi and pseudepiphallic paramere. It also differs by the maxillary palpi with the apical segments somewhat rectangular and tapering into subacute apex (instead of more oval). The new species also differs from the female allotype of M. gracilis (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 6739) from northwest Panay (likely a different species from the holotype [see Tan et al., 2020 b]) by the head and the pronotum without distinct dark mottled spotted patterns and in general with fewer dark spots; and by the maxillary palps with apical segments somewhat rectangular (instead of pyriform). The new species also differs from Mistshenkoana? gracilis sensu Gorochov (2007 [2006]) and sensu Tan et al. (2020 b) from Mount Makiling and Paete (Laguna in Luzon Island) by the colouration and patterns (unicolourous cream-coloured to yellow brown, instead of pale-green with FW dorsal field brown); and by the pseudepiphallus being less slender and less elongated and with its lateral margins emarginated and tapering (instead of nearly parallel); and by the shape of pseudepiphallic parameres.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Barangay Lunotan; noun in apposition	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	description	Description. Habitus typical of the genus, medium sized, almost unicolourous cream-coloured to yellow brown (Figs 24 A, 24 B). Head with dorsum yellow brown mottled, red brown pubescent (Fig. 24 C). Rostrum about 0.9 times as wide as scapes. Scapes yellow brown. Eyes in dorsal view distinctly protruding anteriorly (Fig. 24 C), in lateral view about as wide as tall (Fig. 24 D). Median ocellus oval; lateral ocelli located near eyes (Figs 24 C, 24 E). Maxillary palpi cream-coloured; with apical segment longest, somewhat rectangular to slightly tapering into subacute apex; with subapical segment slightly shorter and expanding apically; third segment about as long as subapical segment, cylindrical and slightly expanding apically (Fig. 24 D). Face in anterior view slightly wider than tall; mostly cream-coloured except between scapes (Fig. 24 E). Gena yellow brown (Fig. 24 D). Pronotal disk brown with dark-brown mottled patterns, at middle longitudinally and at posterior end most prominent; 1.2 times as wide as long, barely widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.3 times as wide as anterior margin); densely and finely pubescent, with a row of setae along posterior and anterior margins; anterior margin of disk straight; posterior margin of disk faintly convex in middle (Fig. 24 C). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.4 times as long as high, ventrally cream-coloured, becoming brown dorsad; with a few small dark brown spots (Fig. 24 D). Metanotal gland absent. TI swollen; with inner tympanum open and having very large elongate, oblong tympanal membrane; with outer tympanum obscure (nearly distinguishable). TIII with 5 inner and 5 outer long subapical spurs, 3 larger inner and 3 small outer apical spurs; before most proximal subapical spurs and between subapical spurs with small spines. Legs generally cream-coloured with very few irregular and sparse dark spots; FIII on dorsal parts with some dark-brown mottled patterns. TIII unicolourous cream-coloured. Thoracic and abdominal segments cream-coloured. Male. FW (Figs 24 F, 24 G) covering abdomen and surpassing apex of FIII. Colouration: cells generally yellow brown, veins brown; some cross-veins at basal half cream-coloured, at apical half with a few faint black patch around cross-veins. Along M with three small white / cream-coloured spots: at the basal third (smallest), in the middle and near apical third (largest). Lateral field with intercalary triangle transparent, otherwise yellow brown with brown veins and cream-coloured cross-veins. Venation: without stridulatory organs, with longitudinal veins parallel; lateral field with R and M narrowly spaced apart, not parallel and with cross-veins cream-coloured; with R and Sc more widely spaced apart, more parallel and with cross-veins also cream-coloured branches of Sc generally parallel. Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs. Subgenital plate typical of genus, elongated and tapering apically; cream-coloured. Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 25: pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] not so elongated, at middle bent inwards; at posterior end divided into two parts and angularly excised; posterior end produced into pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe]. Pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe], in dorsal and ventral views, long and slender and pointing posterior-externally with apex obtuse; inner margins with a few setae. In profile view, triangular with apex subacute; ventral margin with a few setae. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere], in ventral view, elongated and slender; with anterior half (also the ventral lobe) rhombic, at middle folded, with posterior half (also the dorsal lobe) curved with apex obtuse. In profile view, ventral lobe (vl) about as broad as dorsal lobe (dl), between the lobes roundly emarginated. Ectophallic fold [rachis] small, slender and straight, taper posteriorly with apex obtuse. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). BL = 10.5; BWL = 16.4; HL = 0.7; PronL = 1.0; PronW = 1.3; FWL = 11.6; FWW = 2.1; HWT = 2.5; FIIIL = 7.1; TIIIL = 8.3.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE760675A0CFEC6B9281FFC20.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Gingoog City in Misamis Oriental) Calling song. This species is mute.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	description	(Figs 26, 27) Specimens examined. Holotype: PHILIPPINES • ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan, near Mt Sumagaya; N 8.70115, E 125.01004, 1206.0 ± 7.0 m. a. s. l.; 16 February 2023, 20 h 09; coll. J. A. G. Salvador; MIN. 23.67 (PNM)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species differs from the aforementioned species and Philippines congeners by similar characters mentioned in Mistshenkoana lunotan sp. nov., but it also differs by the head and pronotum having more dark-brown spots; the FW dorsal field with three large distinct white oblique and elongated spots and the FIIIs with mottled dark patterns. From Mistshenkoana lunotan sp. nov., the male genitalia of this new species also differ by the pseudepiphallic lophi, in profile view, having dorsal margin somewhat straight throughout but ventral margin at middle bent, and basal half tapering more than apical half (instead of simply triangular); and by the pseudepiphallic parameres, in ventral view, with posterior half having a small spine-like process and in profile view, ventral lobe broader than dorsal lobe (instead of about as broad as each other).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Higaonon tribe of Iligan which the species coexists with; noun in apposition. Higaonon is also derived from the native words higa (living), goan (mountains).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	description	Description. Habitus typical of the genus, medium sized, cream-coloured to yellow brown with dark-brown mottled patterns (Figs 26 A, 26 B). Head with dorsum dark brown mottled, pubescent. Rostrum finely pubescent, dark coloured, about 0.9 times as wide as scapes (Fig. 26 A). Scapes yellow brown with brown patterns. Eyes view distinctly taller than long (Fig. 26 C). Median ocellus oval; lateral ocelli located near eyes. Maxillary palpi cream-coloured; with apical segment longest, dorso-posteriorly dark-coloured, flattened and somewhat rectangular, with obliquely-truncated apex; with subapical segment shorter and faintly expanding apically; third segment longer than subapical segment, cylindrical and slightly expanding apically (Fig. 26 D). Face in anterior view as tall as wide; mostly cream-coloured except between scapes (Fig. 26 E). Gena cream-coloured, posterior of eye with two dark brown bands (Fig. 26 C). Pronotal disk brown with dense dark-brown mottled patterns; 1.4 times as wide as long, widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.6 times as wide as anterior margin); densely and finely pubescent, with a row of setae along posterior and anterior margins; anterior margin of disk straight; posterior margin of disk broadly convex in middle (Fig. 26 A). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.2 times as long as high, cream-coloured with some dark-brown mottled patterns (Fig. 26 C). Metanotal gland absent. TI swollen; with inner tympanum open and having very large elongate, oblong tympanal membrane; with outer tympanum obscure (nearly distinguishable). TIII with 5 inner and 4 outer long subapical spurs, 3 larger inner and 3 small outer apical spurs; before most proximal subapical spurs and between subapical spurs with small spines. Legs generally cream-coloured with irregular and sparse dark spots; Fs with more dark spots in the apical half; Ts generally with more dark spots. FIII with a dark brown mottled patterns on inner and outer parts; in dorsal view with three oblique bands, apical band thickest, followed by basal and middle bands. TIII in dorsal view with dark patches and spots. TaIII basal segment cream-coloured with basal and apical parts dark coloured. Thoracic and abdominal segments cream-coloured; abdominal tergite with some dark colouration. Male. FW (Figs 26 F, 26 G) covering abdomen and surpassing apex of FIII. Colouration: cells generally yellow brown, veins brown; cross-veins at basal half typically cream-coloured, at apical half with faint black patch around cross-veins. Along M with three elongated white / cream-coloured spots: at the basal third (smallest), in the middle (largest) and near apical third. Lateral field with intercalary triangle transparent, otherwise yellow brown with brown veins and cream-coloured cross-veins (Fig. 26 G). Venation: without stridulatory organs, with longitudinal veins parallel; lateral field with R and M narrowly spaced apart, mostly parallel and with cross-veins cream-coloured; with R and Sc spaced apart, parallel and with cross-veins (especially in the basal half); branches of Sc generally parallel. Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs (Figs 26 A, 26 B). Subgenital plate typical of genus, elongated and tapering apically; cream-coloured. Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 27: pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] not so elongated, tapering slightly posteriorly; at posterior end divided into two parts and roundly and very narrowly excised; posterior end produced into pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe]. Pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe], in dorsal and ventral views, long and slender and pointing posterior-externally with apex obtuse; inner margins with a few setae. In profile view, dorsal margin somewhat straight throughout, ventral margin at middle bent; basal half tapering more than apical half; apical half slender triangular; apex subacute; ventral margin with a few setae. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere], in ventral view, elongated and slender; with anterior half (also the ventral lobe) rhombic, at middle folded, with posterior half (also the dorsal lobe) with rounded apex and a small spine-like process at the inner-apical part. In profile view, ventral lobe (vl) broader than dorsal lobe (dl), between the lobes rounded emarginated. Ectophallic fold [rachis] small, slender and straight, taper posteriorly with apex obtuse. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). BL = 11.3; BWL = 18.9; HL = 0.8; PronL = 1.6; PronW = 2.2; FWL = 12.3; FWW = 2.3; HWT = 4.5; FIIIL = 8.1; TIIIL = 8.4.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE76767670CFEC08A281FFE28.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Gingoog City in Misamis Oriental) Calling song. This species is mute.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75A67660CFEC2822EBDFEBC.taxon	description	(Figs 28 – 30)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75A67660CFEC2822EBDFEBC.taxon	description	Specimens examined. PHILIPPINES • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur, Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; N 8.213611, E 125.923889; 17 August 2022, 22 h 14; dwelling among vines on the riverbank; coll. J. Amarante, J. A. Salvador, M. Salvador, B. Kiseo, M. Kiseo, E. Bancairen, D. Lastua, A. Anobong, M. A. Anobong, A. J. Zamora, R. Zamora, E. Ruiz, M. A. Kiseo; 31 JAS 1061 (ZRC) (Figs 28 – 30)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75A67660CFEC2822EBDFEBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Munda picturata Stål, 1877 remains the only known species of this genus to occur in the Philippines. Despite being the type species, very little is known about this species, including its original description being particularly brief, and has not been studied recently (see Gorochov, 2007 [2006], 2008). This species is very similar to Munda fasciata (Haan, 1844) from Java (sensu Gorochov, 2007 [2006]), including the colouration of the head and the FIIIs external surface with a dark longitudinal band; but differs distinctly by the colour patterns of the pronotum and the FWs without multiple white spots. Our male specimen also has genitalia similar to Munda certa Gorochov, 2007 and Munda pulchella Gorochov, 2007 from Sumbawa (Indonesia), but differs by the FWs without having a large yellow spot basally and multiple white-yellow spots along the length, respectively. As we are not able to examine the male holotype of Munda picturata, we keep the identity of our specimen tentative. Once the identification can be confirmed, we can proceed to describe or redescribe M. picturata in the future.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	description	(Figs 31 – 33) Specimens examined. Holotype: PHILIPPINES • ♁; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur, Bunawan, Barangay San Marcos; N 8.2176432, E 125.9302862; 17 August 2022, 22 h 26; calling on top of foliage of small bushes or plants; coll. J. A. Salvador, M. Salvador, B. Kiseo, M. Kiseo, E. Bancairen, D. C. Lastua, A. Anobong, M. A. Anobong, A. J. Zamora, R. Zamora, J. Amarante, E. Ruiz, M. A. Kiseo, 39 JAS 1131 (PNM)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to Phaloria (Phaloria) modulator (Saussure, 1878) from Luzon (Philippines) in its overall habitus and male genitalia (characterised by the pseudepiphallic lophi long and slender before broadening at the apex and strongly sclerotized pseudepiphallic parameres); but differs by the darker brown head dorsum; the pseudepiphallic parameres, in profile view having the posterior half forming a large and rounded process (rather than having a dorsal basal process and a subacute apex); the pseudepiphallic lophi having a club-shaped apex (instead of bending internally into a subacute apex); and by the ectophallic fold smaller and slenderer.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the characteristic rounded pseudepiphallic parameres; in Latin, rotundatus = rounded.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	description	Description. Head dorsum dark brown, pubescent (Fig. 31 A). Fastigium somewhat red brown with two rows of setae. Scapes yellow brown with brown patterns (Fig. 31 A). Eyes in dorsal view distinctly protruding anteriorly (Fig. 31 A) and in profile view taller than long (Fig. 31 B). Median ocellus oval; lateral ocelli more elongated, located near scapes (Fig. 31 A). Maxillary palpi cream-coloured; with apical segment longest and enlarged obliquely at the apex; with subapical segment shorter and faintly expanding apically; with third segment cylindrical (Fig. 31 B). Face in anterior view 1.2 times taller than wide; yellow brown with vertical dark-brown bands (one running down from eye and forked in middle; two running down from median ocellus and somewhat fused in middle before forking ventrad again); with setae ventrad of eyes (Fig. 31 C). Mouthparts generally yellow brown (Fig. 31 C). Gena yellow brown, with two dark brown bands; slightly dark brown posterior of eye (Fig. 31 B). Pronotal disk unicolourous dark brown; 1.7 times as wide as long, widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.7 times as wide as anterior margin); densely and finely pubescent, with a row of setae along posterior and anterior margins; anterior margin broadly concave; posterior margin somewhat substraight (Fig. 31 A). Pronotal lateral lobe same colouration as dorsal disk; ventral margin strongly raised dorsad posteriorly (Fig. 31 B). Inner tympanum oblong, oval (Fig. 31 D); outer tympanum smaller and slightly more rounded. TIII with 4 inner and 4 outer long subapical spurs, 3 larger inner and 3 small outer apical spurs; with small spines before most proximal subapical spurs and between subapical spurs. Legs generally pale yellow brown. FIs and FIIs each with faint brown ring before knee; ventral margin brown. TIs with very faint brown rings. TIIs with three brown rings. FIIIs yellow brown with brown oblique lines, with broad palebrown ring just before knee, knees dark brown. TIIIs pale brown with faint brown bands; spurs generally pale brown with apices dark brown. Tergites and sternites dark brown. Male. FW 2.1 times longer than wide, surpassing abdominal apex, mostly yellow brown and hyalinous (Fig. 31 E). FW venation typical of genus: dorsal field 7 sinuous veins in harp; mirror 1.2 times as wide as long, very large and separated by two dividing veins: anterior one mostly straight, posterior one strongly and angularly bent (Fig. 31 E). Apical field relatively long, 0.8 times shorter than length of mirror (Fig. 31 E). Lateral field with R and M diverging posteriorly, with ca. 10 faint cross-veins; Sc with 32 projections (Fig. 31 F). Hind wings barely surpassing apex of FW. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] fairly stout, with lateral margins curving converging posteriorly; anterior margin angularly emarginated; posterior margin with two small triangular lobes in middle, and broadly emarginated between the lobes. Pseudepiphallic lophi [posterolateral epiphallic lobe] long and slender before broadening into truncated club-shaped apex. Pseudepiphallic parameres [ectoparameres] large and strongly sclerotized; in ventral view elongated (but not surpassing pseudepiphallic lophi), forked anteriorly and tapering into truncated apex; in profile view with posterior half forming a large and rounded process, somewhat appears curling anteriorly. Ectophallic apodeme [endoparameral apodeme] very long, reaching anterior end of rami; forked at the posterior end, with basal end narrow; inner apical arm pointing posterio-innerly; outer apical arm straight, with apex enlarged. Ectophallic fold [rachis] forming small two flattened and slender lateral lobes; lobe with obtuse apex. Endophallic sclerite [formula] plate-like, longer than wide; with latero-anterior lobes (la l) slightly elongated and converging anteriorly; posterior end rounded. Rami short, only slightly longer than half the pseudepiphallus length, bent apically, but not connected. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). BL = 12.3; BWL = 16.2; HL = 2.0; PronL = 2.5; PronW = 4.4; FWL = 12.5; FWW = 6.0; HWT = 1.6; FIIIL = 11.9; TIIIL = 11.8.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Unknown.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Agusan del Sur, Barangay San Marcos	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75867610CFEC4302B4EF98C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Agusan del Sur) Calling song (1 J, 29.7 ° C) (Fig. 33). The calling song consists of an echeme made up of 4 to 8 syllables (usually 4 – 6 syllables) and has an average duration of 0.15 ± 0.04 s (0.11 – 0.25 s). Each syllable has an average duration of 18.5 ± 2.9 ms (11.9 – 23.8 ms). The average interval between consecutive syllables is 13.2 ± 2.4 ms (8.9 – 17.9 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency of 4.75 kHz.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75C67600CFEC5262BABF8D8.taxon	description	(Figs 34, 35)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75C67600CFEC5262BABF8D8.taxon	description	Specimens examined. PHILIPPINES • 1 ♁; Mindanao, Agusan del Sur, Talacogon, San Miguel; N 8.4751260, E 125.8166461; 12 May 2022, 01 h 13; coll. M. Salvador, J. A. Salvador, M. Astillo, J. Sabacajan, J. P. Sabacajan, E. Astillo III; 37 JAS 731 (ZRC) (Figs 34, 35)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75C67600CFEC5262BABF8D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, the only one from the genus to occur in the Philippines, is previously known from a female from Luzon (Los Baños, Manila, Laguna, Baubo?). From Agusan del Sur, we collected a male specimen which shares strong superficial resemblance with the female holotype. Nonetheless, in our male, the pronotal lateral lobe has a broad U-shaped pattern (instead of two spots in the female holotype). This could be a form of sexual dimorphism, since other congeneric males also have S-shaped patterns, or that this could be a genuine species difference. That the female holotype was described from northern Philippines whereas our specimen was collected from southern Philippines also suggests that they may be different species. However, owing to the lack of Strophiola material from both parts of Philippines, we refrain from describing the specimen from Mindanao as a new species for now. Our male specimen differs from Strophiola tangkoko Gorochov, 2011 from Sulawesi by the posterior dividing vein of the mirror more strongly bent (instead of rounded), and the pseudepiphallic lophi pointing posteriorly and parallel to one another (instead of slightly curved inwards) (Fig. 35). From Strophiola renschi Gorochov, 1996 from Lesser Sunda Islands, our specimen differs by the distinctly shorter pseudepiphallic parameres, and the endophallic sclerite having two short and wide anterior projections and two longer and narrower posterior projections. Likewise, our specimen differs from Strophiola xanthella Gorochov, 1996 from Sulawesi by the shape of the endophallic sclerite.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75C67600CFEC5262BABF8D8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is found to primarily inhabit on top of plants, often among understory plants. It has also been observed to be attracted to light.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75C67600CFEC5262BABF8D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Luzon Island	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE75C67600CFEC5262BABF8D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Luzon Island: Los Baños, Manila, Laguna, Baubo?; Mindanao Island: Agusan del Sur) Calling song. Unknown.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE753676D0CFEC52B2A86FD24.taxon	description	(Fig. 36)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE753676D0CFEC52B2A86FD24.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was first described from Siargao Island (Tan et al., 2019 b). The male collected near Mt Sumagaya resembles the type in the overall colouration; FWs pale yellow with the apex having a broad black margin interrupted by two pale spots; the shape and white colouration of paraproct process white; and the genitalia having a pair of lobes of lateral valve folded dorsoventrally, forming a spiral at the apex. Here, we recorded and describe the calling song for the first time and add a locality record for this scaly cricket.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE753676D0CFEC52B2A86FD24.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species were found in lowland secondary forest in Siargao Island as well as mossy forest at high altitude in Lunotan.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE753676D0CFEC52B2A86FD24.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Siargao Island	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE753676D0CFEC52B2A86FD24.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Siargao Island; Misamis Oriental on Mindanao Island) Calling song (1 J, 21.1 ± 0.5 ° C) (Fig. 36). The calling song is made up of echeme with variable number of discrete syllables; on average 13 ± 3 syllables but ranges from 9 to 20 syllables. Consequently, each echeme has a duration of 5.08 ± 1.26 s (3.08 – 8.27 s). The first few syllables tend to be of lower amplitudes; amplitude of syllable gradually increases to a maximum and stabilises. The average syllable duration is 51.3 ± 3.5 ms (42.8 – 57.8 ms) and average interval between consecutive syllables is 375.6 ± 5.7 ms (365.3 – 386.3 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 5.53 kHz.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	description	(Figs 37 – 39) Specimens examined. Holotype: PHILIPPINES • ♁; Mindanao, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan, near Mt Sumagaya; N 8.70132, E 125.00980, 1197.0 ± 7.3 m. a. s. l.; 16 February 2023, 19 h 44; mossy forest, on a leaf near the ground; coll. M. K. Tan, J. A. G. Salvador, A. M. Sabang, A. Gono, D. C. M. Bahoy & K. Grumo; MIN. 23.66 (PNM) (Fig. 37)	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The generic status of this species is very peculiar and this species could potentially be placed under either Ornebius or Ectatoderus. The male holotype has the TI with a small round inner tympanum and the frontal rostrum about as wide as the scapes; all of which are characteristics of Ornebius and Ectatoderus. The pronotum is strongly produced backwards, leaving only the apex of the tegmen free, which is characteristics of Ectatoderus; but the male genitalia are more characteristics of an Ornebius species, particularly of species from the species group kanetataki (Matsummura, 1904). Moreover, Ectatoderus has not been recorded in the Philippines. However, based on the generic diagnosis of Ectatoderus (Ingrisch, 2006), we tentatively place this species under Ectatoderus. Future phylogenetic work may reveal that this species may belong to another genus (noting that it is likely that Ectatoderus is not monophyletic, see Ingrisch, 2006).	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. From the Ectatoderus from Southeast Asia, this new species is characterised by the epiphallus membranous with its lateral valves forming separate lobes; these lobes are weakly sclerotized, with their apices rounded and more sclerotized; the medial valve more strongly sclerotized, curved at the base forming a semi-circle, having its apex pointed. From Ornebius, this species is characterised by the pronotum very strongly produced posteriorly, covering almost entire FWs. The new species also shares similarities in the pronotum with Ornebius cucullatus (Bolívar, 1889) from Mayon Volcano (in Albay), in the pronotum extending more posteriorly and nearly surpassing the base of the FIII; but differs by the FWs not extending well beyond pronotum and by the mirror covered by the pronotal dorsal disk, and by the pronotal dorsal disk covering almost entirely of the abdomen. It also shares similarities in the pronotum with Ornebius consternus Ingrisch, 2006 from Sulawesi, but differs by the male genitalia without the lateral valves sclerotized, and by not forming a tube near the apex.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to peculiar generic status.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	description	Description. Small species for the genus; habitus of male as shown in Figs 37, 38 A. Dorsum of head flattened, covered with dark-grey scales (Fig. 38 A). Frontal rostrum 1.5 times wider than scapes (Fig. 38 A). scapes dark-grey (Fig. 38 A); basal antennal segments dark-coloured, thereafter brown with some segments black (Figs. 38 A). Frons and mouthparts of red brown (Fig. 38 B). Maxillary palps dark-grey to black; with apical (= fifth), subapical (= fourth) and third segments of subequal lengths; apical segment pyriform (Fig. 38 B). Head with lateral parts, including genae, of dark colour, without bands (Fig. 38 B). Pronotal disk brown and wholly covered with dark-grey scales, about 1.7 times longer than wide, with anterior margin narrow and straight; lateral margin widening posteriorly; covering entire mirror of FW; posterior margin convex with white scales (Fig. 38 A). Pronotum with lateral lobe also wholly covered with dark-grey scales (Fig. 38 B). TI with internal tympanum small and oval; without external tympanum. FIII 1.2 times as long as TIII; TIII 3.3 times as long as MTaIII (Fig. 38 C). Fs and Ts generally pale brown, covered with marmoration of dark-grey scales except in basal parts. Tarsi cream-coloured, with apical parts of segments brown. Abdominal tergites and sternites covered with dark-grey scales. Cercus covered with grey scales. Male. FW mostly infumated yellow brown, dorsal field darker at posterior margin (Fig. 38 A); lateral field with dorsal half infumated yellow brown and ventral half infumated black and ventral margin white (Fig. 38 B). Supra-anal plate with last abdominal tergite and epiproct distinctly separated by a transverse suture. Last abdominal tergite transverse. Supra-anal plate less transverse than last abdominal tergite, stout tongue-shaped with apex truncated and straight (Fig. 38 D). Subgenital plate black, 1.3 times as wide as long, anterior margin concave, posterior margin obtuse with a few long setae. Paraproct process yellow brown, elongate, cylindrical, curved dorsad and tapering into a subacute apex (Figs 38 D, 38 E). Genitalia as in Figs 38 F – H. Epiphallus (ep) membranous. Lateral valves (lv) forming separate lobes; lobe weakly sclerotized, apex rounded and more sclerotized. Medial valve (mv) strongly sclerotized, curved at base forming a semi-circle; apex pointed, not reaching apex of lateral valve. Ejaculatory duct (ed) surpassing medial valve and lateral valves. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). BL = 8.2; HL = 1.0; PronL = 5.0; PronW = 3.0; FWL = 3.4; FWW = 3.0; FIIIL = 5.0; TIIIL = 4.2; MtaIIIL = 1.3.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. The species was found in the mossy forest.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Mindanao Island, Misamis Oriental, Gingoog City, Barangay Lunotan	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
03B587EEE750676C0CFEC52F2903F818.taxon	distribution	Distribution. PHILIPPINES (Mindanao Island: Gingoog City in Misamis Oriental) Calling song (1 J, 23.8 ° C) (Fig. 39). The calling song is made up of an echeme consisting of 33 syllables and has a duration of 7.55 s. The first few syllables tend to be of lower amplitudes; amplitude of syllable gradually increases to a maximum and stabilises. The syllable duration is 36.1 ms and average interval between consecutive syllables is 204.8 ms. The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic, with the energy peaking at the fundamental frequency. The dominant frequency is 5.72 kHz.	en	Tan, Ming Kai, Salvador, Jewel Anne G., Sabang, Aira Mae M., Bahoy, Daphne Cayle M., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Robillard, Tony (2023): Taxonomy and bioacoustics of little-known Grylloidea crickets (Orthoptera, Ensifera) from Mindanao, Philippines. Zootaxa 5323 (3): 301-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.3.1
