identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FD63FF36FB3D.text	03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FD63FF36FB3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius 1798)	<div><p>Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius, 1798)</p><p>(Fig. 4 c, d)</p><p>Formica sericea Fabricius, 1798: 279 . Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 675 .</p><p>Camponotus sericeus is one of the more common carpenter ants of the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood, 1985; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011). It was originally described from Senegal, recorded from Algeria (Santschi 1929a) and has a broad distribution throughout the Afrotropical region (Wheeler 1922, Taylor 2010). Additional records are from Pakistan (Umair et al., 2012), India, and Ceylon (Collingwood, 1962). This species has also been reported from the Oriental region, e.g. Thailand (Jaitrong and Nabhitabhata, 2005).</p><p>Workers are active throughout Rawdhat Khorim, being abundant from March through October, with a major peak in June. Workers of C. sericeus occur on Acacia trees and on the giant milkweed Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (Apocynaceae) . Several workers have been observed foraging on C. procera plants and attending aphids.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FD63FF36FB3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FB29FDDAF92F.text	03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FB29FDDAF92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camponotus xerxes Forel 1904	<div><p>Camponotus xerxes Forel, 1904</p><p>(Fig. 4 e, f)</p><p>Camponotus maculatus xerxes Forel, 1904: 424 . Raised to species: Pisarski, 1967: 414.</p><p>This species was reported from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman (Collingwood 1985; Collingwood and Agosti 1996, Collingwood et al. 2011). Foragers are common from March to October with a peak in September. Workers were commonly found foraging on C. procera .</p><p>The high degree of polymorphism and the large intra- and interspecific variation among the species of Camponotus make determinations often difficult. Camponotus xerxes is closely related to C. fellah Dallah Torre, but can be distinguished by the absence of erect setae on the ventral head surface, whereas in C. fellah there are 1– 10 setae (Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FB29FDDAF92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCFFF9D6BB0F915FE90FF7D.text	03B59A00FFCFFF9D6BB0F915FE90FF7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataglyphis livida (Andre 1881)	<div><p>Cataglyphis livida (André, 1881)</p><p>Myrmecocystus albicans var. livida André, 1881: 58 . Combination in Cataglyphis: Wheeler &amp; Mann, 1916:173 . Raised to species: Arnol'di, 1964: 1810.</p><p>This species is widely distributed from Egypt to Afghanistan (Radchenko, 1997) and has been reported from all countries of the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood, 1985; Tigar and Collingwood, 1993; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996; Tigar and Osborne, 1999; Collingwood et al. 2011). Cataglyphis livida is a common species at Rawdhat Khorim. Populations increase in spring and peak in June. This species was found abundantly foraging on Acacia gerrardii Benth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCFFF9D6BB0F915FE90FF7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FF59FCA9FDBB.text	03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FF59FCA9FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerapachys longitarsus (Mayr 1879)	<div><p>Cerapachys longitarsus (Mayr, 1879)</p><p>(Fig. 4 a, b)</p><p>Lioponera longitarsus Mayr, 1879: 667 . Combination in Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 237 .</p><p>This is the second record of this species from Saudi Arabia and for the Arabian Peninsula. The first record of this species was from Abu Arish (southwestern Saudi Arabia) by Collingwood (1985). Cerapachys longitarsus was originally described from India and subsequently recorded from UAE (Collingwood et al., 2011); Egypt (Sharaf, 2006); Philippines, North Australia, and Taiwan (Terayama et al., 1988). At Rawdhat Khorim this species is considered rare, with only four specimens. All are alate males, three attracted to a light trap and one collected by a pitfall trap. They were collected in April, October and November.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCFFF9E6BB0FF59FCA9FDBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FF59FB7DFE0E.text	03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FF59FB7DFE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataglyphis minima Collingwood 1985	<div><p>Cataglyphis minima Collingwood, 1985</p><p>(Fig. 5 a, b)</p><p>Cataglyphis minima Collingwood, 1985: 289 .</p><p>Currently, C. minima appears to have a more restricted distribution in the Arabian Peninsula than other species of the genus. It was originally described from Saudi Arabia and recorded from UAE (Tigar and Collingwood, 1993). At Rawdhat Khorim, C. minima has an abundance and foraging behavior similar to C. niger .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FF59FB7DFE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FE21FBF7FCCE.text	03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FE21FBF7FCCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataglyphis niger (Andre 1881)	<div><p>Cataglyphis niger (André, 1881)</p><p>(Fig. 5 c, d)</p><p>Myrmecocystus viaticus var. niger André, 188l: 56. Combination in Cataglyphis: Emery, 1925:265 . Raised to species: Collingwood 1985:290.</p><p>This species was originally described from Israel and recorded from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Yemen (Collingwood, 1985; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996), UAE (Collingwood et al. 2011) and Syria (Santschi, 1929b). It is common at Rawdhat Khorim with peak abundance in June and decreasing during cooler months. Workers were collected from the following plants: Acacia gerrardii Benth (Fabaceae), C. procera, Rhazya stricta Decne (Apocynaceae) and Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f) Wight &amp; Arn. ( Rhamnaceae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FE21FBF7FCCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FC60FBCCFB72.text	03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FC60FBCCFB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataglyphis viaticoides (Andre 1881)	<div><p>Cataglyphis viaticoides (André, 1881)</p><p>Myrmecocystus albicans var. viaticoides André, 1881:57 .Combination in Cataglyphis: Emery, 1925:263 . Raised to species: Arnol'di, 1964:1809.</p><p>The collection of this species at Rawdhat Khorim represents the first record known for Saudi Arabia and the second record for the Arabian Peninsula. Collingwood et al. (2011) reported it from UAE. At Rawdhat Khorim, C. viaticoides is a common species found throughout the year and abundant from June to October, with a peak in September. Cataglyphis viaticoides was often observed foraging on C. procera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FC60FBCCFB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FAEAFE7DF99A.text	03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FAEAFE7DF99A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepisiota simplex (Forel 1892)	<div><p>Lepisiota simplex (Forel, 1892)</p><p>Acantholepis simplex Forel, 1892: 43 . Combination in Lepisiota: Bolton, 1995:228.</p><p>This widespread species was described from Somalia (Forel, 1892) and recorded from Zimbabwe (Forel, 1913) and India (Bingham, 1903). Within the Arabian Peninsula it is apparently restricted to Saudi Arabia (Collingwood, 1985). It is a common species at Rawdhat Khorim, abundant from April to September and declining in numbers from October to March.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0FAEAFE7DF99A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0F90CFE55F847.text	03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0F90CFE55F847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Messor ebeninus Santschi 1927	<div><p>Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927</p><p>(Fig. 5 e, f)</p><p>Messor semirufus var. ebeninus Santschi, 1927: 229 . Raised to species: Tohmé, 1971: 569. Junior synonym of Messor semirufus: Baroni Urbani, 1974: 227 . Revived from synonymy: Tohmé &amp; Tohmé, 1981:142.</p><p>This species is widely distributed throughout the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood, 1985, Collingwood and Agosti, 1996). At Rawdhat Khorim, worker activity has two peaks of abundance, in April and December, decreasing from July through October.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFCDFF9C6BB0F90CFE55F847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FF59FB2DFE42.text	03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FF59FB2DFE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium mayri Forel 1902	<div><p>Monomorium mayri Forel, 1902</p><p>(Fig. 5 g, h)</p><p>Monomorium gracillimum var. mayri Forel, 1902: 209 . Raised to species, senior synonym of Monomorium karawajewi Wheeler: Bolton, 1987: 326.</p><p>Monomorium mayri is considered one of the most common ant species of the Arabian Peninsula. It has been reported from Saudi Arabia, Oman and Yemen (Collingwood, 1985; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996), and UAE (Tigar and Collingwood, 1993). Monomorium mayri, a common species at Rawdhat Khorim, exhibits high abundances from April to October, peaking in June and slowly declining from November to March.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FF59FB2DFE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FDF3FEDCFCD8.text	03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FDF3FEDCFCD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf & Aldawood 2011	<div><p>Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf &amp; Aldawood, 2011</p><p>(Fig.6 a, b)</p><p>Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf &amp; Aldawood, 2011: 476 .</p><p>This species was recently described from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Sharaf and Aldawood, 2011) and was the first record of the genus from the country. Recently, the Solenopsis of the Arabian Peninsula were revised by Sharaf and Aldwood (2012). At Rawdhat Khorim this species is rare, with only a single specimen collected by a pitfall trap in February.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FDF3FEDCFCD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FAE4FCC0F940.text	03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FAE4FCC0F940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium chefketi Forel 1911	<div><p>Tetramorium chefketi Forel, 1911</p><p>(Fig.6 c, d)</p><p>Tetramorium caespitum var. chefketi Forel, 1911:332 . Raised to species: Agosti &amp; Collingwood, 1987: 56. Senior synonym of Tetramorium turcomanicum: Csõsz, Radchenko &amp; Schulz, 2007: 18 .</p><p>This species was recorded from Saudi Arabia (Collingwood, 1985), Oman and Yemen (Collingwood and Agosti, 1996). Outside Arabia, it has been reported from several parts of the Palaearctic region including southern Europe (Greece, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania), southern Ukraine, south of western Russia, northwestern Caucasus, Turkey, Turkmenistan, northern Kazakhstan, southeastern Siberia, to the east to Kyrgyzstan and Altai Mountains (Csõsz et al., 2007). At Rawdhat Khorim this species is relatively common and observed foraging on Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f) Wight &amp; Arn. ( Rhamnaceae). The species has two abundance peaks, in June and November. It was collected using pitfall traps and beating vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FAE4FCC0F940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FC0AFAF8FB7F.text	03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FC0AFAF8FB7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium Mayr 1855	<div><p>Genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855</p><p>Tetramorium is one of the most diverse ant genera in the subfamily Myrmicinae, with 518 described taxa (Bolton, 1995; Bolton et al., 2007; Bolton 2013), distributed worldwide in the tropics and temperate regions (Brown, 2000). The genus has been comprehensively revised for the majority of the zoogeographic regions (Bolton 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1985; Hita Garcia et al., 2010; Hita Garcia &amp; Fisher 2011, 2012a, 2012b). For many years, the Palaearctic region was lacking revisions but recently several important contributions have been published (Steiner et al., 2005; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2006; Csõsz et al., 2007; Csõsz &amp; Schulz, 2010; Steiner et al., 2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFC3FF926BB0FC0AFAF8FB7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFC3FF906BB0F8F2FE74F8AD.text	03B59A00FFC3FF906BB0F8F2FE74F8AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium saudicum Sharaf & Abdel-Dayem & Al Dhafer & Aldawood 2013	<div><p>Tetramorium saudicum Sharaf sp. n.</p><p>(Fig.6 e, f, g)</p><p>Holotype worker. Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.17&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.17/lat 25.23)">Rawdhat Khorim</a>, 24.III.2012, 25.23°N, 47.17°E, 559 m (M. R. Sharaf); unique specimen identifier CASENT0281582, deposited at KSMA.</p><p>Paratypes: 21 workers, same data as the holotype; 2 workers, Saudi Arabia, Jazan, Al Zabia 9.IV.2012, 17.06°N, 42.39°E, 43 m (M. R. Sharaf); 2 workers, Shaqiq Shamran, IV.1983 (C. A. Collingwood); 2 workers, Riyadh, III.1989 (soil fauna); 15 workers, Riyadh, Rawdhat Khorim, [multiple dates]; one paratype deposited in each of the following museums: MHNG, NHMB, CASC, MCZC, SEMC, WMLC, BMNH, and the remaining specimens at KSMA.</p><p>Holotype worker: TL 3.12; HL 0.80; HW 0.80; SL 0.55; EL 0.22; PRW 0.52; ML 0.87; PL 0.22; PW 0.25; PPL 0.22; PPW 0.30; Indices: SI 69; CI 100.</p><p>Paratype workers: TL 3.12–3.25; HL 0.75–0.85; HW 0.75–0.80; SL 0.50–0.55; EL 0.20–0.25; PRW 0.50– 0.55; ML 0.85–0.92; PL 0.17–0.22; PW 0.25–0.27; PPL 0.17–0.22; PPW 0.25–0.30; Indices: SI 63–71; CI 91–100 (11 measured).</p><p>Diagnosis. Tetramorium saudicum is a member of the caespitum -group. It can be readily separated from its closest congener, the Palaearctic T. striativentre Mayr, 1877 from Kazakhstan by the bicoloured body, head, mesosoma, waist and appendages reddish brown, gaster brownish or blackish brown; whereas T. striativentre is unicolorous brownish and the appendages are pale brown. Both species are similar in body size, mesosomal and gastral sculpture, and the frontal carina that extend back to the posterior margins of eyes. Tetramorium saudicum also differs from T. striativentre by the following: the head dorsum is polished with few (nearly 10) fine longitudinal rugulae superimposed upon irregularly punctulate ground-sculpture while in T. striativentre, the head dorsum is dull with numerous (nearly 20) very fine longitudinal rugulae superimposed upon a finely and densely punctulate or granular ground-sculpture. In addition, the petiolar node of T. saudicum in dorsal view is clearly irregularly rugulose, whereas in T. striativentre the petiolar node in dorsal view is clearly regularly longitudinally rugulose. Tetramorium saudicum can be distinguished from the remaining Arabian species of the genus (except T. sericeiventre and T. khyarum) by the sculptured first gastral tergite. It can be separated from T. sericeiventre and T. khyarum by the following characters: the scape index is much smaller, SI 63–71 (versus SI 113–118 for khyarum and SI 101–118 for sericeiventre); the head length is smaller, HL 0.75–0.85 (Versus HL 0.96–1.00 for khyarum and HL 0.80–1.00 for sericeiventre) and eyes relatively larger, EL 0.20–0.25 (versus EL 0.20 for khyarum and EL 0.16–0.22 for sericeiventre).</p><p>Description of worker. Head: Head as long as wide or subequal, with convex sides and nearly straight posterior margin; anterior clypeal margin entire; ventral surface of head with few ammochaete setae; frontal carinae present, running back beyond level of posterior margin of eyes but feebly developed throughout their length and weaker behind eyes than in front; eyes large (EL about 0.29 x HW) with about 15 ommatidia in longest row; ventral margin of eyes more or less flat, anterior, dorsal and posterior margins curved so that eyes in profile resembling reclinate letter D; mandibles longitudinally rugose; antennae 12-segmented; antennal scrobes absent; entire dorsum and profile of head very finely and very densely longitudinally costulate, spaces between costulae finely, irregularly and densely punctulate; dorsum of head with many paired hairs. Mesosoma: Outline of dorsal mesosoma unbroken in profile; pronotal humeri sharply angulate; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeal spines acute and strongly developed; dorsal (outer) surface of hind tibiae with appressed pubescence; propodeal dorsum with a single pair of short hairs; mesosoma strongly longitudinally rugulose, space between regulae smooth and shining. Waist: Petiole cuboid; petiolar and postpetiolar nodes in dorsal view distinctly broader than long; petiole with one pair of hairs, postpetiole with three pairs of hairs; petiolar node in dorsal view clearly irregularly rugulose; postpetiolar node distinctly strongly longitudinally rugulose. Gaster: First gastral tergite longitudinally, very finely and very densely striated, appearing dull; gaster with scarce scattered erect hairs and moderately dense appressed pubescence. Bicoloured species, head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and appendages reddish brown, gaster brownish or blackish brown.</p><p>Etymology. The name of this species, saudicum, refers to the type locality, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</p><p>Habitat. Tetramorium saudicum was observed nesting directly in the ground and many workers were observed carrying dry plant seeds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFC3FF906BB0F8F2FE74F8AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
03B59A00FFC1FF976BB0F899FA42FDD5.text	03B59A00FFC1FF976BB0F899FA42FDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery 1877	<div><p>Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877</p><p>(Fig.6 h, i)</p><p>Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877:370 . This is the most common Tetramorium species found in the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood, 1985; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011) and is also broadly distributed in the savannah of tropical Africa. In Rawdhat Khorim, this species is very common and occurs during all months of the year, with a peak in December. It was observed foraging on C. procera .</p><p>In the key to Arabian species (Sharaf et al. 2012:7) T. saudicum will key to couplet 16 along with chefketi and syriacum. Couplet 16 is modified here to separate the three species.</p><p>16. Mesosomal pilosity restricted to pronotum and first half of mesonotum, propodeum bare; SL 0.78–0.87; petiolar and postpetiolar nodes coarsely sulcate (Russia &amp; Arabia)......................................................... chefketi</p><p>- Mesosoma with abundant, stout and relatively long suberect hairs; SL 0.70–0.77; petiolar and postpetiolar nodes irregularly sculptured (Middle East).......................................................................... syriacum</p><p>- Mesosomal pilosity fine and acute apically and restricted to mesonotum, propodeal dorsum with a single pair; SL 0.50–0.55; petiolar node clearly irregularly rugulose; postpetiolar node distinctly strongly longitudinally rugulose (Saudi Arabia)............................................................................................... saudicum sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B59A00FFC1FF976BB0F899FA42FDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sharaf, Mostafa R.;Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.;Al Dhafer, Hathal M.;Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.	Sharaf, Mostafa R., Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S., Al Dhafer, Hathal M., Aldawood, Abdulrahman S. (2013): The ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr. Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6
