identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B5B0559756394F4392B449FEF440E9.text	03B5B0559756394F4392B449FEF440E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycophyta Zimmermann 1959	<div><p>Division LYCOPHYTA Zimmermann, 1959 Class LYCOPODIOPSIDA Bartling, 1830 Order SELAGINELLALES Prantl, 1874 Genus RICINOSPORA Bergad, 1978 emend. Li et al., 1987</p> <p>Type species. Ricinospora cryptoreticulata (Bergad, 1978), pp. 48, 50, pls. 4, 5.</p> <p>Remarks. The studied material shows a diagnostic character of the genus Ricinospora: the apical spongiose wall sculpturing typical for this genus (Bergad, 1978) in which it differs from similar megaspores.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B0559756394F4392B449FEF440E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B0559751394840D4B597FB3F423E.text	03B5B0559751394840D4B597FB3F423E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alapaja Dorofeev 1979	<div><p>Genus ALAPAJA Dorofeev, 1979</p> <p>Type species. Alapaja uralensis (Dorofeev, 1979), p. 314, figs 1, 5-10, fig. 7, 1-10</p> <p>Remarks. Based on the presence of a structure very probably representing a curved embryo, asymmetric wings, pronounced funiculus and due to the overall shape of the seed, we assign the seed to the genus Alapaja. Alapaja differs from Seletya Dorofeev and Kozykorpeshia Dorofeev in having a marginal crest, being less curved, and lacking a basiventral micropyle (Dorofeev, 1979; Kunzmann and Friis, 1999).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B0559751394840D4B597FB3F423E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B05597513948438BB30CFBBB4040.text	03B5B05597513948438BB30CFBBB4040.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cunninghamites squamosus Heer 1871	<div><p>Cunninghamites cf. squamosus Heer, 1871</p> <p>Figure 3 A-C</p> <p>1871 cf. Cunninghamites squamosus Heer, p. 9, pl.</p> <p>1, figs. 5-7.</p> <p>1880 cf. Cunninghamites recurvatus Hosius et von der Marck, p. 178, pl. 37, figs. 143, 144.</p> <p>1905 cf. Cunninghamites pulchelles Knowlton, p.</p> <p>136, pl. 16, fig. 1.</p> <p>1910 cf. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endlicher; Berry, p. 186, pl. 20, figs. 1-4</p> <p>1919 cf. Elatocladus elegans (Corda) Seward, p.</p> <p>433, figs. 804, 805.</p> <p>1922 cf. Elatocladus elegans (Corda) Seward; Kräusel, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 4-10; pl. 2, figs. 1-5; pl. 3, figs. 1,2; Text figs. 4,5.</p> <p>1925 cf. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endlicher; Berry, p. 33.</p> <p>2000 cf. Elatocladus elegans (Corda) Seward; Rüffle and Trostheide, p. 434, pl. 1, fig. 6; pl. 2, fig. 2; pl. 3, fig. 1.</p> <p>2009 cf. Cunninghamites squamosus Heer; Bosma et al., p. 486, fig. 4c-f; fig. 5.</p> <p>2012 cf. Cunninghamites squamosus Heer; Bosma et al., p. 24, pl. 1, figs. 5-6, pl. 2, figs. 4, 7.</p> <p>Lectotype. Designated by Bosma et al. (2012),</p> <p>No. 6166 (ex coll. Schenk in the Würzburg University), Late Cretaceous, late Santonian, “Altenburg”</p> <p>near Quedlinburg, Germany.</p> <p>Description. The material consists of fragments of branches. The terminal part of the sterile twig 8</p> <p>mm long and 4.0 mm broad shows needles packed in a pointed bud (Figure 3A). A fragment of an axis</p> <p>(4.0 mm long) shows helically arranged basal parts of needle-like leaves. A nearly complete isolated leaf 5.0 mm long, shows basally broadened leaf cushion (Figure 3B). Its cuticle shows adaxially two clearly distinct stomatal bands (Figure 3C). Stomata tend to be orientated perpendicularly to the leaf margin.</p> <p>Remarks. The material resembles the type material designated by Bosma et al. (2009). However, it is too fragmentary to allow precise comparison. We found minor differences in the studied material from the type, so open nomenclature is used. Particularly the leaves of the studied material show only one rib/keel and contained probably only one vein. Its stomata are orientated perpendicularly to the leaf margin, while the type material shows a random orientation (Bosma et al., 2012, 2009).</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Żeliszów locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K 2940, K 2948, K 2953, K 2956; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B05597513948438BB30CFBBB4040	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B0559753394A401DB0B6FAD2477F.text	03B5B0559753394A401DB0B6FAD2477F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geinitziaceae Kunzmann 1999	<div><p>Family GEINITZIACEAE Kunzmann, 1999 Genus GEINITZIA Endlicher, 1847</p> <p>Type species. Araucarites reichenbachii Geinitz, 1842, p. 98, pl. 24, 4 = Geinitzia reichenbachii (Geinitz) Hollick and Jeffrey, 1909, p. 38, pl. 5, figs. 7-10, pl. 8, figs. 3, 4, pl. 16 figs. 2-4, pl. 17 figs. 1-4, pl. 18, figs. 1-4</p> <p>Remarks. The material of sterile shoots is assigned to this genus, as suggested by Harris (1969) and Harris et al. (1979). It is characterised by helically arranged needles that are triangular in cross-section, and having a conspicuous keel. Our material shows all those characters very clearly.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B0559753394A401DB0B6FAD2477F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B0559753394A424EB1E0FE884681.text	03B5B0559753394A424EB1E0FE884681.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seletya Dorofeev and Kozykorpeshia Dorofeev 1979	<div><p>Genus SELETYA Dorofeev, 1979</p> <p>Type species. Seletya kryshtofovichii Dorofeev, 1979, p. 315, pl. 2, figs. 1-6, pl. 3, fig. 1, 2, pl. 8, figs. 1-6.</p> <p>Remarks. Seeds of Seletya differ from Alapaja in having a smooth margin and a clearly projecting hilum. The type S. kryshtofovichii was transferred to Geinitzia by Knobloch and Mai (1986), but Geinitzia is based on sterile foliage, so from a nomenclatorial point of view this need not be accepted. We therefore applied a more conservative approach, and separated the seeds (and ovuliferous cones) from the sterile twigs Geinitzia formosa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B0559753394A424EB1E0FE884681	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B0559753394B40A1B24BFCB64142.text	03B5B0559753394B40A1B24BFCB64142.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geinitzia formosa Heer, Kunzmann 1871	<div><p>Geinitzia formosa Heer, 1871</p> <p>Figure 3 D-F</p> <p>v 1871 Geinitzia formosa Heer, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 9, pl. 2,</p> <p>figs. 1-6</p> <p>v.1999 Geinitzia formosa Heer, Kunzmann, p. 114, pl.</p> <p>26, figs. 1-8, pl. 27, figs. 1, 5-10, pl. 28, figs. 1-6 2003 Geinitzia formosa Heer, Kunzmann, p. 13, fig.</p> <p>4A-D, pl. 4, figs. 1-9</p> <p>Lectotype. No. UW 3936, designated by Zijlstra et al. (2010), based on Kunzmann (1999), pl. 27, fig. 1, coll. University of Würzburg, Germany, Late Cretaceous, Santonian, Quedlinburg.</p> <p>Description. Fragments of sterile twigs 1.0–2.0 mm broad, 4.0–13.0 mm long, with helically arranged needle-like leaves (Figure 3D), 1.5–4.5 mm long and 0.6–0.8 mm broad. Leaves triangular in cross section, showing a conspicuous keel (Figure 3E). Sometimes amber droplets preserved adhering to twigs. Abaxial cuticle shows two bands of stomata 200–500 µm broad (Figure 3F), the same arrangement is on abaxial cuticle. Stomata surrounded by 5–6 subsidiary cells. Stomatal axes irregularly orientated. Ledges of guard cells sunken in shallow stomatal chambers, sometimes surrounded by a slightly raised stomatal rim.</p> <p>Remarks. We assign the studied material to Geinitzia formosa, as described from the type locality at Quedlinburg by Kunzmann (1999), particularly on account of leaves that are amphistomatic and triangular in cross section in terminal parts. G. formosa differs from G. reichenbachii in having shorter needles, which are frequently s-shaped. The needles of G. formosa are rhomboidal only in their basal parts, they are triangular terminally. G. formosa differs from Cunninghamites cf. squamosus, in having more three dimensional leaves. Leaves of Cunninghamites cf. squamosus are flattened in cross section, and their cuticle shows irregularly orientated stomata forming two bands. We also collected Seletya seeds in association, similarly to the situation described by Kunzmann (1999). However, Kunzmann did not make the nomenclatorial distinction between seeds and twigs, assigning seeds described herein under Seletya directly to Geinitzia (Kunzmann, 1999) along with sterile shoots.</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Żeliszów locality.</p> <p>Material studied. NMP K 2933-5, 2942-6, 2947, 2955, 2958, 3009; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p> <p>Division ANGIOSPERMAE Brown and Doell ex Doell, 1857</p> <p>Class Dicotyledoneae de Candolle, 1824</p> <p>Order FAGALES Engler, 1892 s.l.</p> <p>Genus CARYANTHUS Friis, 1983</p> <p>Type species. Caryanthus knoblochii Friis, 1983, p. 172, pl. 5, 6, 7, figs. 1-4</p> <p>Remarks. Fruits of the genus Caryanthus are small, ribbed, bisymmetrical and epigynous, nuts supported by a bract showing single erect seed (Friis, 1983; Friis et al., 2011, 2006; Heřmanová et al., 2016). In some cases, remains of perianth are preserved. They show a perianth consisting of four tepals arranged in two decussate pairs. The androecium is built of six to eight stamens. The gynoecium is bicarpellate, with a unilocular ovary and two free styles. Pollen is triaperturate and triangular in equatorial outline. A distinct Y-shaped mark extends between the apertures over the pole.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B0559753394B40A1B24BFCB64142	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B0559752394B4243B498FB064657.text	03B5B0559752394B4243B498FB064657.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caryanthus communis Friis 1983	<div><p>Caryanthus communis Friis, 1983</p> <p>Figure 4 A-C</p> <p>v1964 Microcarpolithes triasseris Knobloch, (Knobloch, 1964) p. 170, pro parte.</p> <p>v1983 Caryanthus communis Knobloch and Mai, (Knobloch and Mai, 1983) p. 308, pl. 8, figs. 5, 8, 11-13.</p> <p>v1986 Caryanthus communis Knobloch et Mai, (Knobloch and Mai, 1986), p. 75, pl. 5, figs. 18,19.</p> <p>v2006 Caryanthus communis Knobloch et Mai; (Friis et al., 2006) p. 113.</p> <p>v2016 Caryanthus communis Knobloch et Mai; (Heřmanová et al., 2016) p. 36, pl.1, figs. 1-9.</p> <p>Holotype. No. NMP F 3577, published by Knobloch and Mai (1983); pl. 8, fig. 5, stored in the</p> <p>National Museum Prague, Late Cretaceous, Upper</p> <p>Turonian–Santonian, České Budějovice – Rožnov borehole GB-3190.0– 3190.1 m, Czech Republic.</p> <p>Description. Single specimen from Rakowice</p> <p>Małe locality, flat fruit of ovoid shape (Figure 4A).</p> <p>Length 1.3 mm; breadth 0.8 mm. Apical part of fruit concave (Figure 4B). Persistent perianth fused basally, forming hypanthium. Tepals attached on the top of hypanthium. Tepals not preserved; their insertion indicated by attachment scars, indicating four tepals in two decussate pairs. Lateral face of fruit shows a long concave tepal attachment scar, placed mid-way between the base and the apex. Medial scars small, close to the base. The lateral face of the fruit shows a diamond shaped area. Length of this area 0.9 mm; breadth of fruit 0.7 mm. Epidermis of the fruit composed of small irregular cells (Figure 4C).</p> <p>Remarks. The specimen from the Rakowice Małe locality is slightly longer than other fruits of Caryanthus communis (Heřmanová et al., 2016). The species Caryanthus communis is described as having a concave base, but the specimen from Rakowice Małe has slightly pointed base. However, absence of this character may be due to poor preservation of the specimen.</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Rakowice Małe locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K 2899; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B0559752394B4243B498FB064657	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B055975239454033B363FD8E4457.text	03B5B055975239454033B363FD8E4457.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caryanthus trebecensis Knobloch and Mai 1983	<div><p>Caryanthus trebecensis Knobloch and Mai, 1983</p> <p>Figure 4 D-F</p> <p>v1983 Caryanthus trebecensis Knobloch et Mai; Knobloch and Mai, 1983, p. 309, pl. 8, figs.1-4, 10, 14.</p> <p>v1986 Caryanthus trebecensis Knobloch et Mai; Knobloch and Mai, 1986, p. 76, pl. 5, fig. 4.</p> <p>v2006 Caryanthus trebecensis Knobloch et Mai; Friis et al., 2006, p. 113.</p> <p>v2012 Caryanthus sp.; Heřmanová and Kvaček, 2012, p. 49, pl. 2, figs. A-G.</p> <p>v2016 Caryanthus trebecensis Knobloch et Mai; Heřmanová et al., 2016, p. 42, pl. 6, figs 1-12.</p> <p>Holotype. Published by Knobloch and Mai (1983), pl. 8, figs. 1-3, stored in the National Museum Prague NMP F3873, Late Cretaceous, Upper Turonian –Santonian, Branišov Br 21 borehole, 23.0– 23.5 m, Czech Republic.</p> <p>Description. The specimen from Rakowice Małe locality is a slightly deformed fruit of ellipsoid shape (Figure 4D). Length 1.4 mm; breadth 1.0 mm. Apical part of the fruit concave; persistent perianth fused basally forming hypanthium, which covers the entire fruit (Figure 4E). Lateral faces of the fruit show two deeply sunken ridges running from the base to the apex. Surface covered with irregularly shaped thick-walled cells. Periclinal wall of cells sometimes collapsed (Figure 4F).</p> <p>Remarks. The specimen from the Rakowice Małe locality is slightly longer than other fruits of Caryanthus trebecensis (Heřmanová et al., 2016). The apical part of the specimen described here is deformed, thus shape and position of tepals, usually attached on top of the hypanthium, are unclear.</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Rakowice Małe locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K 2900; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B055975239454033B363FD8E4457	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B055975C394543BCB163FBBB44F7.text	03B5B055975C394543BCB163FBBB44F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caryanthus triasseris Knobloch (Knobloch and Mai 1983	<div><p>Caryanthus triasseris Knobloch (Knobloch and Mai), 1983</p> <p>Figure 5 A-F</p> <p>v1964 Microcarpolithes triasseris Knobloch; (Knobloch, 1964) p. 170, pl. 5, fig. 6.</p> <p>v1970 Microcarpolithes octocostatus Knobloch; (Knobloch, 1970), pl. 11, figs. 4, 16, 17.</p> <p>v1971 Microcarpolithes octocostatus Knobloch; (Knobloch, 1971) p. 27, pl. 6, figs. 1-5, 9, 11.</p> <p>v1971 Microcarpolithes triasseris Knobloch; (Knobloch, 1971) p. 21-5, pl. 3, figs. 1-8 (non figs.9- 14), non pl. 6, figs. 12-13, pl. 10, fig. 5.</p> <p>v1977 Microcarpolithes triasseris Knobloch; (Knobloch, 1977) p. 113-114, pl. 1, figs. 5, 9,11, 13, 16, 18, 19, pl. 2, figs. 8, 10, pl. 4, figs. 25, 26, pl.5 figs. 13, 21-23 pl.11, 6-9.</p> <p>v1983 Caryanthus triasseris (Knobloch) Knobloch et Mai; (Knobloch and Mai, 1983) p. 309, pl. 6, figs. 4, 5 (non pl. 6 fig. 11), (non pl. 8 fig. 6), pl.</p> <p>9, fig. 8, pl. 10 fig. 9.</p> <p>v1986 Caryanthus triasseris (Knobloch) Knobloch et Mai; (Knobloch and Mai, 1986) p. 76, pl.5 figs.</p> <p>1-3. non (figs. 7-10), (non pl. 6 fig. 18).</p> <p>v2006 Caryanthus triasseris (Knobloch) Knobloch et Mai; (Friis et al., 2006) p. 113.</p> <p>v2016 Caryanthus triasseris (Knobloch) Knobloch et Mai; (Heřmanová et al., 2016) p. 44 pl. 7 figs. 1- 11.</p> <p>Holotype. Published by Knobloch (1964); pl. 5, fig.</p> <p>6, stored in the National Museum Prague No. NMP</p> <p>F 3611, Late Cretaceous, Upper Turonian–Santo-</p> <p>nian, Včelná borehole GB 2 119.5–119.8 m, Czech</p> <p>Republic.</p> <p>Description. Four specimens from Rakowice Małe locality are fruits, round to elliptical in shape.</p> <p>Length 0.9–1.3 mm (arithmetic mean 1.0 mm);</p> <p>breadth 0.7–1.1 (arithmetic mean 0.1). Three specimens round (Figure 5A), one elongated (Figure</p> <p>5D). Apical part of fruit pointed or slightly pointed</p> <p>(Figure 5B, E), as well as its base. Perianth persistent, fused basally, forming a hypanthium, which extends for almost the entire length of fruit. Lateral faces of fruit have three very indistinct ribs running from the base to the margin of hypanthium.</p> <p>Discussion. Specimens of Caryanthus triasseris from the Rakowice Małe locality are above average in size of the fruits, compared to the type material</p> <p>(Knobloch and Mai, 1986). The ribs that are very characteristic for the species run from the base to the margin of the hypanthium. However, this character is very indistinct in material from Rakowice Małe.</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Rakowice Małe locality.</p> <p>Material studied. NM K 2898; K 2901; K 2902; K 2907; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B055975C394543BCB163FBBB44F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B055975C3945402FB538FC3B4239.text	03B5B055975C3945402FB538FC3B4239.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zlivifructus Hermanova, Daskova et J. Kvacek 2017	<div><p>Genus ZLIVIFRUCTUS Heřmanová, Dašková et J. Kvaček, 2017</p> <p>Type species. Zlivifructus vachae Heřmanová, Dašková et J. Kvaček (Heřmanová et al., 2017) Remarks. The genus represents small flowers and fruits. The flowers are bisexual, bisymmetrical and have an inferior ovary with a hypanthium. The tepals are attached on top of the hypanthium. The genus has four tepals, in two decussate pairs. The androecium consists of four stamens. The gynoecium is bicarpellate, with a unilocular ovary and two styles. Fruits are nuts with a single erect seed. Normapolles pollen grains of Plicapollis - type were found on the surface of the fruit (Heřmanová et al., 2017).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B055975C3945402FB538FC3B4239	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B055975C39464003B70EFA8A43D8.text	03B5B055975C39464003B70EFA8A43D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zlivifructus Hermanova, Daskova et J. Kvacek 2017	<div><p>Zlivifructus vachae Heřmanová, Dašková et J. Kvaček, 2017</p> <p>Figure 6 A-I</p> <p>v2017 Zlivifructus vachae Heřmanová, Dašková et J.</p> <p>Kvaček; (Z. Heřmanová et al., 2017) p. 181, pl.</p> <p>1, figs. 1-9, pl. 2, figs. 1-7, pl. 3, figs. 1-2.</p> <p>Holotype. Selected and illustrated by Heřmanová et al. (2017), pl. 1, fig. 1, stored in the National Museum Prague No. NMP F4557, Late Cretaceous, Upper Turonian –Santonian, Třebeč TSv-5 borehole 106.5–107 m, Czech Republic.</p> <p>Description. Two specimens from Rakowice Małe locality are round fruits, flattened to some degree. One almost completely flat (Figure 6A); the other more ovoid (Figure 6D). Lengths 1 and 0.9 mm; breadths 1.1 and 0.7 mm. Apical part of fruits convex, basal parts show scar where fruits were attached to infructescence (Figure 6B, E). Persistent perianth fused basally, forming hypanthium, which covers two-thirds of fruit. Lateral faces of the fruit show three indistinct ribs extending from base of fruit to margin of hypanthium. Androecium consists of four stamens (Figure 6D), but only basal parts of stamens are preserved. Distinct compact outer layers of the fruit wall consist of small cells. The middle layer has larger cells (Figure 6 G-I).Surface covered with irregular thick-walled cells (Figure 6F).</p> <p>Remarks. The present material seems to match the main diagnostic characters of the type, but it is poorly preserved. Tepals are absent in both specimens, but we interpret the preserved scars as resulting from detachment of tepals. We assume tepals attached on top of the hypanthium. Scars are immediately adjacent to each other, with indistinct boundaries and the scars form a roughly regular ring.</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Rakowice Małe locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K2905, K2903; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B055975C39464003B70EFA8A43D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B055975F39404009B6EFFB0643D6.text	03B5B055975F39404009B6EFFB0643D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zlivifructus Hermanova, Daskova et J. Kvacek 2017	<div><p>Zlivifructus microtriasseris (Knobloch et Mai) Heřmanová, J.Kvaček et Halamski 2019</p> <p>Figure 7 A-C</p> <p>v1983 Caryanthus microtriasseris Knobloch et Mai; (Knobloch and Mai, 1983) p. 308-309, pl.8, fig. 9.</p> <p>v1986 Caryanthus microtriasseris Knobloch et Mai; (Knobloch and Mai, 1986) p. 76, pl. 5, figs. 5-6, pl. 55, fig. 3.</p> <p>v2006 Caryanthus microtriasseris Knobloch et Mai; (Friis et al., 2006) p. 113.</p> <p>v2016 Caryanthus microtriasseris Knobloch et Mai;</p> <p>(Heřmanová et al., 2016) p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 1-3. v2019 Zlivifructus microtriasseris (Knobloch et Mai)</p> <p>Heřmanová, J. Kvaček, Halamski in</p> <p>(Heřmanová et al., 2019), p. 90, p. 11, figs. 1-9. Holotype. No. NMP F3872, selected and illustrated by Knobloch and Mai (1983); pl. 8 fig. 9, stored in the National Museum Prague, Late Cretaceous, Upper Turonian–Santonian, Záblatí borehole 65/21, 34.0–35.0, Czech Republic.</p> <p>Description. The single specimen from Rakowice Małe locality is a small, flat fruit, round in outline (Figure 7A). Length 0.4 mm; breadth 0.4 mm. Apical part of the fruit concave (Figure 7B), basal part convex. Persistent perianth fused basally, forming hypanthium, which extends more than two thirds of the fruit. Tepals not preserved; but scars indicating their insertion present. Lateral attachment scars of tepals and medial attachment scars immediately adjacent to each other, with indistinct boundaries forming a ring. Androecium consists of four stamens (Figure 7B), but only basal parts of stamens are preserved. Lateral faces of the fruit show two parallel ribs running from base of fruit to margin of hypanthium.</p> <p>Remarks. This specimen was revised in Heřmanová et al. (2019). Fowers and fruits of Zlivifructus microtriasseris, originally described as Caryanthus microtriasseris from the North Sudetic Basin and South Bohemian Basins (late Turonian - Santonian) were reinterpreted. Zlivifructus microtriasseris differs from species assigned to genus Caryanthus Friis (1983) in the presence of four stamen scars, and in having two lateral ribs in the face of the fruit (Heřmanová et al., 2019).</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Rakowice Małe locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K 1290; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B055975F39404009B6EFFB0643D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B05597583942401EB3E3FD5440AC.text	03B5B05597583942401EB3E3FD5440AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arthropoda von Siebold 1848	<div><p>Phylum ARTHROPODA von Siebold, 1848 Class INSECTA Linné, 1758</p> <p>Insect coprolite</p> <p>Figure 10 A-C</p> <p>Description and remarks. The single specimen from Rakowice Małe is of ellipsoid shape (Figure 10A) and hexagonal in transverse section (Figure 10B). Length 0.7 mm; breadth 0.4 mm. Surface of the fossil is smooth. No inner structures documented from this fossil (Figure 10C). Fossil faecal pellets, also called coprolites, are associated with many Cretaceous mesofloras (Colin et al., 2011; Knobloch, 1971, 1977; Vangerow, 1954). Affinity of fossil insect coprolites traditionally assigned to Microcarpolithes hexagonalis Vangerow to recent Kalotermes (Isoptera) has been suggested by Colin et al. (2011).</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Rakowice Małe locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K2768; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p> <p>Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class INCERTAE SEDIS</p> <p>Genus COSTATHECA Hall, 1967</p> <p>Type species. Chrysotheca diskoensis Miner, 1935, p. 590, pl. 18, figs. 1-10 = Costatheca diskoensis (Miner) Hall, 1967, p. 1298, figs. 1-3.</p> <p>Remarks. The studied material shows typical parallel ribs and transversely orientated wrinkles - characters typical for the genus Costatheca (Batten and Zavattieri, 1996, 1995; Knobloch, 1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B05597583942401EB3E3FD5440AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
03B5B055975B39434381B5BBFD3241DE.text	03B5B055975B39434381B5BBFD3241DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Costatheca striata (Dijkstra 1949) Hall, Binda and Nambudiri 1967	<div><p>Costatheca striata (Dijkstra 1949) Hall, 1967</p> <p>Figure 10D, E</p> <p>1949 Chrysotheca striata Dijkstra, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 7.</p> <p>1967 Costatheca striata (Dijkstra) Hall, p. 1298</p> <p>1983 Costatheca striata (Dijkstra) Hall, Binda and Nambudiri, p. 2721, figs. 10, 12 (emended diagnosis).</p> <p>For a more extensive synonymy see (Batten and Zavattieri, 1996, 1995).</p> <p>Lectotype. Sample/slide 738-9. Maurits State Mine selected by Batten (1988, pl. 19, fig. 30).</p> <p>Description. Elongate bodies, 2.2–2.5 mm long and 0.6–0.8 mm broad (Figure 10D, E); ends slightly S-shape curved. A more complete specimen shows a scar (Figure 10E) that may represent the structure termed “operculum” by Batten and Zavattieri (1995). About ten ribs running parallel to the longitudinal axis, and less pronounced perpendicular structures resembling striation caused by thickly cutinised cells.</p> <p>Remarks. According to Knobloch (1981), C. diskoensis shows a large variability in terms of size, shape and number of ribs. This opinion was questioned by Batten (1988), who studied the type material from Greenland, and who distinguished the specimens grouped by Knobloch into a separate species of Costatheca. Following Batten (1988), we assigned the studied material to C. striata (Dijkstra) Hall from the Santonian of Limburg (Dijkstra, 1949). C. striata was described from the Santonian of Limburg. This species differs from most species of Costatheca in having perpendicular striations. C. lata (Vangerov) Hall from the Santonian of Aachen (Vangerow, 1954) differs from C. striata in having relatively low length/width ratio (Kovach and Dilcher, 1988). It is not clear what Costatheca represents. It could be an insect egg as suggested by Tiffney (1983) and Batten and Zavattieri (1995), whereas Binda and Nambudiri (1983) assumed that Costatheca could be related to the seeds of angiosperms of the Butomaceae family.</p> <p>Range. Late Coniacian or early Santonian age.</p> <p>Occurrence. Żeliszów locality.</p> <p>Material studied. K 3010, K 3011; the material is housed in the National Museum Prague.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5B055975B39434381B5BBFD3241DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Heřmanová, Zuzana;Kvaček, Jiří;Dašková, Jiřina;Halamski, Adam T.	Heřmanová, Zuzana, Kvaček, Jiří, Dašková, Jiřina, Halamski, Adam T. (2020): Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian / Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Electronica (a 61) 23 (3): 1-23, DOI: 10.26879/1097, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1097
