identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.text	03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) albatrossa	<div><p>Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) albatrossa new species</p><p>(Figs 1–4, 11, 18)</p><p>Saemundssonia sp.; Pilgrim &amp; Palma 1982: 6 –7. Saemundssonia sp.; Murray, Palma &amp; Pilgrim 1990: 1368. Saemundssonia sp. M; Palma 2010: 409.</p><p>Type host. Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster, 1785) .</p><p>Type locality. Muriwai Beach, Auckland, North Island, New Zealand</p><p>Holotype: 3 in MONZ.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male: habitus as in Fig. 1. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 3. Genitalia as in Fig. 11. Eight long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 6 or 7 on one side).</p><p>Female: habitus as in Fig. 2. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 4. Ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments as in Fig. 18. Eight long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 6 or 7 on one side).</p><p>Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1.</p><p>number &amp; sex (at temples) (including hyaline (including hyaline Genitalia length</p><p>margin) margin)</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet albatrossa is a noun in apposition referring to the vernacular name of the hosts.</p><p>Material examined. Types. Ex Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster, 1785): Holotype 3, Muriwai Beach, Auckland, N.Z., 11 Dec. 1978, S.M. Reed (MONZ, AI.023782). Paratypes: 113, 12Ƥ, same data as for holotype (MONZ, AI.023783–023784); 53, 5Ƥ, Manawatu, N.Z., 15 Aug. 1964, L.L. McMillan (MONZ, AI.023778–779); 1Ƥ, at sea, 59o 04’ S – 161o 46’ E, 13 Feb. 1965, P.C. Harper (MONZ, AI.023780); 13, 5Ƥ, Urenui Beach, Taranaki, N.Z., 14 Sep. 1976, J. Castle (MONZ, AI.023781).</p><p>Non-types. Ex Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster, 1785): 1Ƥ, Kapiti Island, N.Z., 21 Mar. 1959, B.D. Jones (MONZ, AI.023787); 13, 2Ƥ, Otaki Beach, N.Z., 24 May 1959, D.M. 9236 (MONZ, AI.023788); 53, 11Ƥ, Hokio Beach, Manawatu, N.Z., 13 Jun. 1965, P.C. Harper, D.M. 11837 (MONZ, AI.023789–791); 13, 4Ƥ, Dargaville, Northland, N.Z., 22 Sep. 1974, D.E. Crockett (MONZ, AI.023792); 33, 5Ƥ, Himatangi Beach, Manawatu, N.Z., 30 Aug. 1978, H. Eastcott (MONZ, AI.023793); 73, 5Ƥ, Peka Peka Beach, Kapiti Coast, North Island, N.Z., 26 Sep. 1987, M. Hurst (MONZ, AI.023794).</p><p>Ex Thalassarche impavida Mathews, 1912: 23, 1Ƥ, Campbell Island, N.Z., 2 Dec. 1975, C.J. Robertson (MONZ, AI.023785).</p><p>Remarks. Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) albatrossa is morphologically closest to S. (S.) gaini (Neumann, 1913), which parasitises giant petrels, Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789) and M. halli Mathews, 1912 . However, S. (S.) albatrossa differs from S. (S.) gaini in the male genitalia (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, respectively), especially in the relative length of the parameres and in the configuration of the endomeres and mesosome, and in the shape of the clypeal signatures in both sexes (Figs 3–4 and Figs 5–6, respectively).</p><p>The finding of a species of Saemundssonia on albatrosses closely related to the species parasitising giant petrels is congruent with other associations between giant petrels and their lice. Palma &amp; Pilgrim (1988: 585) discussed these host-louse associations in regard to the louse genera Docophoroides Giglioli, 1864, Perineus Thompson, 1936 and Paraclisis Timmermann, 1965, with species living on all members of the Diomedeidae and on the two species of Macronectes . Lice of those three genera living on giant petrels are morphologically closest to species living on albatrosses of the genera Thalassarche Reichenbach, 1853 and Phoebetria Reichenbach, 1853 (Timmermann 1965: 87, 100; Palma &amp; Pilgrim 1988: 584). Saemundssonia (S.) albatrossa and S. (S.) gaini show the same close association between these host groups. Considering the unanimously accepted position of Macronectes within the family Procellariidae, and not in the Diomedeidae, the unusual host-louse associations of the two species of giant petrels are likely to be the result of four louse lineages host-switching from a diomedeid host to an early giant petrel, with the loss of the latter’s ancestral philopterid lice. The only louse species which shows affinities between Macronectes and other members of the Procellariidae is the menoponid Austromenopon ossifragae (Eichler, 1949) (see Price &amp; Clay 1972: 491).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Palma, Ricardo L.	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.text	03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) creagrusa	<div><p>Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) creagrusa new species</p><p>(Figs 7, 9–10, 13, 19)</p><p>“ Docophorus lari ” Kellogg &amp; Kuwana 1902: 463. Not Docophorus lari Denny, 1842 = Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780) .</p><p>“ Docophorus peristictus ” Kellogg 1906: 316 . Not Docophorus peristictus Kellogg &amp; Kuwana, 1902 = Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) platygaster (Denny, 1842) .</p><p>“ Docophorus melanocephalus ” Kellogg 1906: 316. Not Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister, 1838 = Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) melanocephalus (Burmeister, 1838) .</p><p>“ Docophorus lari ” Kellogg 1906: 317. Not Docophorus lari Denny, 1842 = Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780) .</p><p>“ Saemundssonia gonothorax ” Thompson 1939: 73 . Not Docophorus gonothorax Giebel, 1874 = Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780) .</p><p>“ Saemundssonia melanocephala ” Thompson 1939: 73 . Not Saemundssonia melanocephalus (Burmeister, 1838) .</p><p>“ Saemundssonia peristictus ” Thompson 1939: 73 . Not Saemundssonia peristicta (Kellogg &amp; Kuwana, 1902) = Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) platygaster (Denny, 1842) .</p><p>“ Saemundssonia lari ” Clay in Linsley &amp; Usinger 1966: 132. Not Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780) .</p><p>Type host. Creagrus furcatus (Neboux, 1846) .</p><p>Type locality. Bahía Darwin, Isla Genovesa (= Tower Island), Galápagos Islands.</p><p>Holotype: 3 in MONZ.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male: habitus as in Fig. 9. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 7. Genitalia as in Fig.13. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 or 8 on one side).</p><p>Female: habitus as in Fig. 10. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 7. Ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments as in Fig. 19. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 on one side). Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet creagrusa is a noun in apposition referring to the generic name of the host.</p><p>Material examined. Types. Ex Creagrus furcatus (Neboux, 1846): Holotype 3, Bahía Darwin, Isla Genovesa, Galápagos Is, 25 Mar. 1992, R.L. Palma &amp; E.M. Inca (MONZ, AI. 020531). Paratypes: 93, 8Ƥ, same data as for holotype (MONZ, AI. 020345); 83, 2Ƥ, Bahía Darwin, Isla Genovesa, Galápagos Is, 10 Mar. 1992, R.L. Palma &amp; E. Vilema (MONZ, AI. 020309); 83, 3Ƥ, Isla Seymour Norte, Galápagos Is, 29 Mar. 1992, R.L. Palma &amp; E. Vilema (MONZ, AI. 020346); 13, 1Ƥ, Isla Champion, near Isla Floreana, Galápagos Is, 22 Apr. 1992, R.L. Palma &amp; E. Vilema (MONZ, AI. 020347); 13, Culpepper Island [= Isla Darwin], Galápagos Is, no date (EMEC, Kellogg Collection 1043b); 13, 3Ƥ, 1o N – 93o W [near Isla Wolf], Galápagos Is, no date, A.M.B. (EMEC, Kellogg Collection 1456, Beck 85).</p><p>Non-types. Ex Puffinus lherminieri subalaris Ridgway, 1897: 13, 1Ƥ, Culpepper Island [= Isla Darwin], Galápagos Is, no date (EMEC, Kellogg Collection 1382, Beck 189). CONTAMINANTS from Creagrus furcatus .</p><p>Remarks. Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) creagrusa is morphologically close to S. (S.) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780) . Considering that S. (S.) lari parasitises a large number of hosts (Price et al. 2003a: 234) and consequently exhibits a variable morphology, the only reliable features to distinguish the males of these two species are the male genitalia (compare figs 13 and 14). Females can be separated by the configuration of the ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments (Fig. 19), and by the number of long submarginal metanotal setae: 6 on each side (occasionally 7 on one side) in S. (S.) creagrusa, but 8 (occasionally 7 or 9 on one side) in S. (S.) lari .</p><p>Specimens listed above from the Kellogg Collection were collected by R.E. Snodgrass during the Hopkins Stanford Galápagos Expedition in 1898–1899, and by Rollo Beck in 1901 (Kellogg 1906: 315). These specimens were misidentified by Kellogg &amp; Kuwana (1902), Kellogg (1906) and Clay in Linsley &amp; Usinger (1966) as shown in the synonymy above. The two lice from Puffinus lherminieri subalaris are, without any doubt, contaminants arising from the collecting process (see Palma 1994: 269, 272). The natural regular species of Saemundssonia living on Puffinus lherminieri subalaris is S. (Puffinoecus) minor (Kellogg &amp; Kuwana, 1902) (see Price et al. 2003a: 235).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Palma, Ricardo L.	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.text	03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa	<div><p>Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa new species</p><p>(Figs 8, 15–17, 20)</p><p>Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) sp.; Palma 1999: 381.</p><p>Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) sp.; Murray, Palma &amp; Pilgrim 2006: 1965. Saemundssonia sp. M; Palma 2010: 409.</p><p>Type host. Gygis alba candida (Gmelin, 1789), the white tern.</p><p>Type locality. Peka Peka Beach, Kapiti Coast, North Island, New Zealand.</p><p>Holotype: 3 in MONZ.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male: habitus as in Fig. 16. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 8. Genitalia as in Fig.15. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 on one side).</p><p>Female: habitus as in Fig. 17. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 8. Ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments as in Fig. 20. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 or 8 on one side). Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet gygisa is a noun in apposition referring to the generic name of the host.</p><p>Material examined. Types. Ex Gygis alba candida (Gmelin, 1789): Holotype 3, Peka Peka Beach, Kapiti Coast, North Island, N.Z., 23 Apr. 1988, R. Powlesland (MONZ, AI.024057). Paratypes: 13, 3Ƥ, same data as for holotype (MONZ, AI.018931); 33, 7Ƥ, Atiu, southern Cook Islands, 24 Aug. 1977, A. Black (MONZ, AI.018929); 13, 2Ƥ, Raoul I., Kermadec Islands, N.Z., 10 Jul. 1983, A.W. Blundell (MONZ, AI.018930); 1Ƥ, Muriwai Beach, Auckland, N.Z., 6 May 1990, N. Rothwell (MONZ, AI.018932).</p><p>Remarks. As expected from its host association, Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa is morphologically close to a group of about a dozen species (see Price et al. 2003a: 290–293) parasitic on members of the bird family Sternidae (Checklist Committee 2010: 230), sometimes referred to as Sterninae, a subfamily of the Laridae (Dickinson 2003: 149) . The closest morphological species to S. (S.) gygisa are: S. (S.) lobaticeps (Giebel, 1874), S. (S.) hopkinsi Clay, 1949, and S. (S.) melanocephalus . (Burmeister, 1838).</p><p>The male genitalia of Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa are extremely different from those of S. (S.) melanocephalus, but similar to those of S. (S.) lobaticeps and S. (S.) hopkinsi . However, males of S. (S.) gygisa can be distinguished from S. (S.) lobaticeps and S. (S.) hopkinsi by the configuration of the genitalia (Fig. 15) with wider, shorter parameres, and differences in the mesosome and endomeres (compare Fig. 15 with figs 20–21, 30– 31 in Clay 1949). In addition, the shape and proportions of the head (Fig. 16) and the clypeal signature (Fig. 8) may assist in the identification of males. As with most species of Saemundssonia (see Discussion below) females are more difficult to separate, but S. (S.) gygisa can be identified by the following combination of characters: shape and proportions of the head (Fig. 17) and clypeal signature (Fig. 8); configuration of the ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments (Fig. 20); and the shape of thoracic sternal plates. However, females of S. (S.)</p><p>gygisa are very similar to those of S. (S.) lobaticeps, S. (S.) hopkinsi, and S. (S.) melanocephalus in most features, and can only be separated by subtle details in the shape of the ventral plates of the last abdominal segments.</p><p>The key to species of Saemundssonia from the Sternidae in Clay (1949: 4) includes six species only, and therefore it is not relevant to attempt placing S. (S.) gygisa in it. However, in the key to species by Ward (1955: 84), males of S. (S.) gygisa key out to couplet 2 by having a “Basal plate with distal sclerotized crossbar”. That couplet includes S. (S.) lobaticeps (Giebel, 1874) and S. (S.) hopkinsi Clay, 1949, which can be distinguished from S. (S.) gygisa by features of the genitalia. Unfortunately, the first character used by Ward (1955: 85) in his key to females is ambiguous and unreliable, making this key not particularly useful.</p><p>Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa is the second louse species recorded from all subspecies of Gygis alba (Sparrman, 1786), and the first in the suborder Ischnocera (Price et al. 2003a: 290). The subspecies of Gygis alba breed within the tropical belt of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans (Dickinson 2003: 153). In particular, G. alba candida breeds on tropical islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, straggling south to the New Zealand region, with several records dating from 1883 until 2002 (Checklist Committee 2010: 234).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Palma, Ricardo L.	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
