taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	materials_examined	Type host. Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster, 1785). Type locality. Muriwai Beach, Auckland, North Island, New Zealand Holotype: 3 in MONZ.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male: habitus as in Fig. 1. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 3. Genitalia as in Fig. 11. Eight long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 6 or 7 on one side). Female: habitus as in Fig. 2. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 4. Ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments as in Fig. 18. Eight long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 6 or 7 on one side).	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	description	Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1. number & sex (at temples) (including hyaline (including hyaline Genitalia length margin) margin)	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet albatrossa is a noun in apposition referring to the vernacular name of the hosts.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Types. Ex Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster, 1785): Holotype 3, Muriwai Beach, Auckland, N. Z., 11 Dec. 1978, S. M. Reed (MONZ, AI. 023782). Paratypes: 113, 12 Ƥ, same data as for holotype (MONZ, AI. 023783 – 023784); 53, 5 Ƥ, Manawatu, N. Z., 15 Aug. 1964, L. L. McMillan (MONZ, AI. 023778 – 779); 1 Ƥ, at sea, 59 o 04 ’ S – 161 o 46 ’ E, 13 Feb. 1965, P. C. Harper (MONZ, AI. 023780); 13, 5 Ƥ, Urenui Beach, Taranaki, N. Z., 14 Sep. 1976, J. Castle (MONZ, AI. 023781). Non-types. Ex Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster, 1785): 1 Ƥ, Kapiti Island, N. Z., 21 Mar. 1959, B. D. Jones (MONZ, AI. 023787); 13, 2 Ƥ, Otaki Beach, N. Z., 24 May 1959, D. M. 9236 (MONZ, AI. 023788); 53, 11 Ƥ, Hokio Beach, Manawatu, N. Z., 13 Jun. 1965, P. C. Harper, D. M. 11837 (MONZ, AI. 023789 – 791); 13, 4 Ƥ, Dargaville, Northland, N. Z., 22 Sep. 1974, D. E. Crockett (MONZ, AI. 023792); 33, 5 Ƥ, Himatangi Beach, Manawatu, N. Z., 30 Aug. 1978, H. Eastcott (MONZ, AI. 023793); 73, 5 Ƥ, Peka Peka Beach, Kapiti Coast, North Island, N. Z., 26 Sep. 1987, M. Hurst (MONZ, AI. 023794).	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCDD147E5A1503BFCD9A4CB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) albatrossa is morphologically closest to S. (S.) gaini (Neumann, 1913), which parasitises giant petrels, Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789) and M. halli Mathews, 1912. However, S. (S.) albatrossa differs from S. (S.) gaini in the male genitalia (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, respectively), especially in the relative length of the parameres and in the configuration of the endomeres and mesosome, and in the shape of the clypeal signatures in both sexes (Figs 3 – 4 and Figs 5 – 6, respectively). The finding of a species of Saemundssonia on albatrosses closely related to the species parasitising giant petrels is congruent with other associations between giant petrels and their lice. Palma & Pilgrim (1988: 585) discussed these host-louse associations in regard to the louse genera Docophoroides Giglioli, 1864, Perineus Thompson, 1936 and Paraclisis Timmermann, 1965, with species living on all members of the Diomedeidae and on the two species of Macronectes. Lice of those three genera living on giant petrels are morphologically closest to species living on albatrosses of the genera Thalassarche Reichenbach, 1853 and Phoebetria Reichenbach, 1853 (Timmermann 1965: 87, 100; Palma & Pilgrim 1988: 584). Saemundssonia (S.) albatrossa and S. (S.) gaini show the same close association between these host groups. Considering the unanimously accepted position of Macronectes within the family Procellariidae, and not in the Diomedeidae, the unusual host-louse associations of the two species of giant petrels are likely to be the result of four louse lineages host-switching from a diomedeid host to an early giant petrel, with the loss of the latter’s ancestral philopterid lice. The only louse species which shows affinities between Macronectes and other members of the Procellariidae is the menoponid Austromenopon ossifragae (Eichler, 1949) (see Price & Clay 1972: 491).	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.taxon	materials_examined	Type host. Creagrus furcatus (Neboux, 1846). Type locality. Bahía Darwin, Isla Genovesa (= Tower Island), Galápagos Islands. Holotype: 3 in MONZ.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male: habitus as in Fig. 9. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 7. Genitalia as in Fig. 13. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 or 8 on one side). Female: habitus as in Fig. 10. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 7. Ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments as in Fig. 19. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 on one side). Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet creagrusa is a noun in apposition referring to the generic name of the host.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Types. Ex Creagrus furcatus (Neboux, 1846): Holotype 3, Bahía Darwin, Isla Genovesa, Galápagos Is, 25 Mar. 1992, R. L. Palma & E. M. Inca (MONZ, AI. 020531). Paratypes: 93, 8 Ƥ, same data as for holotype (MONZ, AI. 020345); 83, 2 Ƥ, Bahía Darwin, Isla Genovesa, Galápagos Is, 10 Mar. 1992, R. L. Palma & E. Vilema (MONZ, AI. 020309); 83, 3 Ƥ, Isla Seymour Norte, Galápagos Is, 29 Mar. 1992, R. L. Palma & E. Vilema (MONZ, AI. 020346); 13, 1 Ƥ, Isla Champion, near Isla Floreana, Galápagos Is, 22 Apr. 1992, R. L. Palma & E. Vilema (MONZ, AI. 020347); 13, Culpepper Island [= Isla Darwin], Galápagos Is, no date (EMEC, Kellogg Collection 1043 b); 13, 3 Ƥ, 1 o N – 93 o W [near Isla Wolf], Galápagos Is, no date, A. M. B. (EMEC, Kellogg Collection 1456, Beck 85). Non-types. Ex Puffinus lherminieri subalaris Ridgway, 1897: 13, 1 Ƥ, Culpepper Island [= Isla Darwin], Galápagos Is, no date (EMEC, Kellogg Collection 1382, Beck 189). CONTAMINANTS from Creagrus furcatus.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCFD142E5A1545AFEEDA2DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) creagrusa is morphologically close to S. (S.) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780). Considering that S. (S.) lari parasitises a large number of hosts (Price et al. 2003 a: 234) and consequently exhibits a variable morphology, the only reliable features to distinguish the males of these two species are the male genitalia (compare figs 13 and 14). Females can be separated by the configuration of the ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments (Fig. 19), and by the number of long submarginal metanotal setae: 6 on each side (occasionally 7 on one side) in S. (S.) creagrusa, but 8 (occasionally 7 or 9 on one side) in S. (S.) lari. Specimens listed above from the Kellogg Collection were collected by R. E. Snodgrass during the Hopkins Stanford Galápagos Expedition in 1898 – 1899, and by Rollo Beck in 1901 (Kellogg 1906: 315). These specimens were misidentified by Kellogg & Kuwana (1902), Kellogg (1906) and Clay in Linsley & Usinger (1966) as shown in the synonymy above. The two lice from Puffinus lherminieri subalaris are, without any doubt, contaminants arising from the collecting process (see Palma 1994: 269, 272). The natural regular species of Saemundssonia living on Puffinus lherminieri subalaris is S. (Puffinoecus) minor (Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902) (see Price et al. 2003 a: 235).	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.taxon	materials_examined	Type host. Gygis alba candida (Gmelin, 1789), the white tern. Type locality. Peka Peka Beach, Kapiti Coast, North Island, New Zealand. Holotype: 3 in MONZ.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male: habitus as in Fig. 16. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 8. Genitalia as in Fig. 15. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 on one side). Female: habitus as in Fig. 17. Clypeal signature as in Fig. 8. Ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments as in Fig. 20. Six long submarginal metanotal setae on each side (occasionally 7 or 8 on one side). Measurements of both sexes as in Table 1.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet gygisa is a noun in apposition referring to the generic name of the host.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Types. Ex Gygis alba candida (Gmelin, 1789): Holotype 3, Peka Peka Beach, Kapiti Coast, North Island, N. Z., 23 Apr. 1988, R. Powlesland (MONZ, AI. 024057). Paratypes: 13, 3 Ƥ, same data as for holotype (MONZ, AI. 018931); 33, 7 Ƥ, Atiu, southern Cook Islands, 24 Aug. 1977, A. Black (MONZ, AI. 018929); 13, 2 Ƥ, Raoul I., Kermadec Islands, N. Z., 10 Jul. 1983, A. W. Blundell (MONZ, AI. 018930); 1 Ƥ, Muriwai Beach, Auckland, N. Z., 6 May 1990, N. Rothwell (MONZ, AI. 018932).	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
03B5F204FFCAD14CE5A1525AFB5EA772.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As expected from its host association, Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa is morphologically close to a group of about a dozen species (see Price et al. 2003 a: 290 – 293) parasitic on members of the bird family Sternidae (Checklist Committee 2010: 230), sometimes referred to as Sterninae, a subfamily of the Laridae (Dickinson 2003: 149). The closest morphological species to S. (S.) gygisa are: S. (S.) lobaticeps (Giebel, 1874), S. (S.) hopkinsi Clay, 1949, and S. (S.) melanocephalus. (Burmeister, 1838). The male genitalia of Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) gygisa are extremely different from those of S. (S.) melanocephalus, but similar to those of S. (S.) lobaticeps and S. (S.) hopkinsi. However, males of S. (S.) gygisa can be distinguished from S. (S.) lobaticeps and S. (S.) hopkinsi by the configuration of the genitalia (Fig. 15) with wider, shorter parameres, and differences in the mesosome and endomeres (compare Fig. 15 with figs 20 – 21, 30 – 31 in Clay 1949). In addition, the shape and proportions of the head (Fig. 16) and the clypeal signature (Fig. 8) may assist in the identification of males. As with most species of Saemundssonia (see Discussion below) females are more difficult to separate, but S. (S.) gygisa can be identified by the following combination of characters: shape and proportions of the head (Fig. 17) and clypeal signature (Fig. 8); configuration of the ventral pigmented plates of the last abdominal segments (Fig. 20); and the shape of thoracic sternal plates. However, females of S. (S.) gygisa are very similar to those of S. (S.) lobaticeps, S. (S.) hopkinsi, and S. (S.) melanocephalus in most features, and can only be separated by subtle details in the shape of the ventral plates of the last abdominal segments. The key to species of Saemundssonia from the Sternidae in Clay (1949: 4) includes six species only, and therefore it is not relevant to attempt placing S. (S.) gygisa in it. However, in the key to species by Ward (1955: 84), males of S. (S.) gygisa key out to couplet 2 by having a “ Basal plate with distal sclerotized crossbar ”. That couplet includes S. (S.) lobaticeps (Giebel, 1874) and S. (S.) hopkinsi Clay, 1949, which can be distinguished from S. (S.) gygisa by features of the genitalia. Unfortunately, the first character used by Ward (1955: 85) in his key to females is ambiguous and unreliable, making this key not particularly useful.	en	Palma, Ricardo L. (2012): Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa 3478: 38-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214088
