identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B287F2CD333813FF26FD57FC14D4E8.text	03B287F2CD333813FF26FD57FC14D4E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe atkinsonia (Hewitson 1876)	<div><p>1. Lethe atkinsonia (Hewitson, 1876)</p> <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p>Zophoessa atkinsonia Hewitson, 1876. Ent. mon. Mag. 13 (7): 151, type locality: Darjeeling; Elwes, 1882. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1882: 406; Marshall &amp; de Nicéville, 1882. Butt. India 1: 166; Elwes, 1888. Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1888: 319; Moore, 1892. Lep. Ind. 1: 295, pl. 92: 1, 1a.</p> <p>Lethe atkinsonia: de Nicéville, 1894. Sikk. Gaz. 1894: 125; Bingham, 1905. Fauna Brit. Ind., Butt. 1: 97, pl. ii: 19; Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911. Macrolepid. World 9: 314, pl. 97: d; Evans, 1912. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (2): 567; Gaede in Strand, 1931. Lep. Cat. 43: 238; Evans, 1932. Iden. Ind. Butt. ed. 2: 104; Talbot, [1949]. Fauna Brit. India, Butt. 2: 184; D’Abrera, 1985. Butt. Orient. 2: 416; Bozano, 1999. Guide Butt. Pal. Reg., Satyridae 1: 34.</p> <p>Materials examined. INDIA: 1 ♂, Sikhim / 4023 Coll. Nicév. / 4755—H9 (ZSI); 1 ♂, Sikhim / 4026 Coll. Nicév. / 4755—H9 (ZSI).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 1) Dorsal forewing discal area in spaces 1b, 2, 3 has distinct blackish male brands; 2) on both sides pale markings and stripes are yellow; 3) uncus is nearly straight and only weakly bent downwards; 4) valva apex is broad, nearly squared and densely covered with tiny spines; 5) aedeagus is without a dorsal ridge.</p> <p>Distribution. E Nepal, India (northern West Bengal, Sikkim), Bhutan.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD333813FF26FD57FC14D4E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
03B287F2CD333813FF26FADEFD87D745.text	03B287F2CD333813FF26FADEFD87D745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe jalaurida (de Niceville 1881)	<div><p>2. Lethe jalaurida (de Nicéville, 1881)</p> <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p>Zophoessa jalaurida de Nicéville in Marshall &amp; de Nicéville, 1881. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 49: 245, type locality: Jalauri pass, N.W. Himalayas; Marshall &amp; de Nicéville, 1882. Butt. India 1: 166, pl. X: 19♂; Moore, 1892. Lep. Ind. 1: 296, pl. 92: 2, 2a.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida: Doherty, 1886. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55 (2): 117; Mackinnon &amp; de Nicéville, 1897. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 11: 216; Bingham, 1905. Fauna Brit. Ind., Butt. 1: 98; Hannyngton, 1910. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 20: 135; D’Abrera, 1985. Butt. Orient. 2: 416.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida jalaurida: Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911. Macrolepid. World 9: 313; Evans, 1932. Iden. Ind. Butt. ed. 2: 103; Wynter-Blyth, 1940. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 41: 723; Talbot, [1949]. Fauna Brit. India, Butt. 2: 182.</p> <p>Materials examined. INDIA: 1 ♂, Simla, 9000’, No 785/ Ind Mus. Lang Colln/ 4745—H9 (ZSI).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 1) On both sides pale markings and stripes are whitish; 2) male brand is absent; 3) uncus is heavily bent downwards near the apex; 4) valva apex is evenly serrated; 5) aedeagus is without a dorsal ridge.</p> <p>Distribution. NW India, W Nepal.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD333813FF26FADEFD87D745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
03B287F2CD303811FF26FF7BFBDAD189.text	03B287F2CD303811FF26FF7BFBDAD189.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe elwesi (Moore 1892)	<div><p>3. Lethe elwesi (Moore, 1892)</p> <p>(Fig. 3)</p> <p>Zophoessa elwesi Moore, 1892. Lep. Ind. 1: 298, pl. 92: 3, ♂, type locality: E. Himalayas; Sikkim; Bhotan.</p> <p>Zophoessa jalaurida: Elwes (nec de Nicéville), 1888. Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1888: 320, pl. VIII: 4; Seitz (nec de Nicéville), 1907. Macrolepid. World 1: 87, pl. 32: c.</p> <p>Lethe elwesi: de Nicéville, 1894. Sikk. Gaz. 1894: 125; Lang &amp; Bozano, 2015. Zootaxa 4058 (1): 130, figs. 9, 10.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida elwesi: Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911. Macrolepid. World 9: 313; Evans, 1912. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 21 (2): 567; Talbot, [1949]. Fauna Brit. India, Butt. 2: 183; D’Abrera, 1985. Butt. Orient. 2: 416.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida var. elwesi: Gaede in Strand, 1931. Lep. Cat. 43: 296.</p> <p>Materials examined. INDIA: 1 ♂, Sikhim / 4035 Coll. Nicév. / 4746—H9 (ZSI); BHUTAN: Photo, 1 ♂, Jakar, Bumthang trek, W of Phephe La, 2700 m, 4.VI.2008 leg. G. C. Bozano (GCB).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 1) Dorsal forewing discal area in spaces 1b, 2, 3 has male brands, they are not so distinct as those in Lethe atkinsonia (only L. elwesi and L. atkinsonia in this subgroup have visible male brands); 2) ventral side pale markings and stripes are yellowish white on forewing and white on hindwing; 3) uncus is heavily bent downwards near the apex; 4) valva apex is evenly serrated; 5) aedeagus is without a dorsal ridge.</p> <p>Distribution. C &amp; E Nepal, India (northern West Bengal, Sikkim), Bhutan.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD303811FF26FF7BFBDAD189	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
03B287F2CD313811FF26FE30FDE5D59C.text	03B287F2CD313811FF26FE30FDE5D59C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe giancbi Lang & Das 2020	<div><p>4. Lethe giancbi Lang &amp; Das sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 4, 5)</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida elwesi: Lang (nec Moore), 2015. Neue Ent. Nach. 70: 301, fig: 7.</p> <p>Lethe elwesi elwesi: Lang &amp; Bozano (nec Moore), 2015. Zootaxa 4058 (1): 128, figs. 7, 8, 38; Lang (nec Moore), 2017. Nymphalidae of China II: 55, pl. IV: 16.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Tibet, Medog, 62K, 2800 m, 13.VIII.2012, leg. Song-yun Lang (CMNH); Paratypes: 6 ♂♂, CHINA: Tibet, Medog, 62K to 52K, 2800–3400 m, 19.VII.2012, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY); 3 ♂♂, CHINA: Tibet, Medog, 62K, 2800 m, 13.VIII.2012, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name giancbi is named after Mr. Gian Cristoforo Bozano, an Italian lepidopterist famous as the editor and the author of the monographic series “Guide to the Butterflies of the Palearctic Region”.</p> <p>Description. Male. Forewing length: 24–27 mm. Wing pattern the same as the basic pattern of the jalaurida - subgroup; hindwing termen sharply protruding at the end of vein 4. Dorsal: ground colour brown; forewing subapical spots and postdiscal series fulvous; forewing male brand absent. Ventral: ground colour deep brown; forewing pale markings and stripes creamy white; hindwing pale markings and stripes silvery white; hindwing silvery white discal band from the costa to vein 4 not broken. Male genitalia (Figs. 15, 20d, 21d): uncus elongated and bent downwards; valva apical half somewhat elongated; aedeagus with a slender dorsal ridge near its cephalic end. Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from the other species in this subgroup by the combination of the following characters: 1) Male brand on dorsal forewing is absent, whereas in L. atkinsonia and L. elwesi it is visible; 2) ventral side pale markings and stripes are whitish, whereas in L. atkinsonia and L. houjiangae stat. nov. they are yellow; 3) uncus is bent downwards, whereas in L. atkinsonia and L. nosei it is nearly straight; 4) gnathos is much longer than that of L. gelduba stat. nov.; 5) valva is somewhat longer than that of L. houjiangae stat. nov.; 6) valva apex is sharply pointed inwards, whereas in L. atkinsonia, L. jalaurida and L. elwesi it is not pointed; 7) aedeagus has a slender dorsal ridge near its cephalic end as in L. houjiangae stat. nov., whereas in others species this structure is absent.</p> <p>Distribution. China (SE Tibet).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD313811FF26FE30FDE5D59C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
03B287F2CD313816FF26FA09FD9DD189.text	03B287F2CD313816FF26FA09FD9DD189.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe houjiangae Lang & Bozano 2015	<div><p>5. Lethe houjiangae Lang &amp; Bozano, 2015 stat. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 6, 7)</p> <p>Lethe elwesi houjiangae Lang &amp; Bozano, 2015. Zootaxa 4058 (1): 128, figs. 1–6, 37, type locality: Gongshan, Yunnan; Lang, 2017. Nymphalidae China II: 55, pl. IV: 17.</p> <p>Materials examined. CHINA: 1 ♂, Holotype of Lethe elwesi houjiangae Lang &amp; Bozano, Yunnan, Gongshan, East slope of Mts. Gao-li-gong, 3200 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (CMNH); 10 ♂♂, Paratype of Lethe elwesi houjiangae Lang &amp; Bozano, Yunnan, Gongshan, Dulong-jiang valley, West slope of Mts. Gao-li-gong, 2800 m, 19.VII.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY); 39 ♂♂, Paratype of Lethe elwesi houjiangae Lang &amp; Bozano, Yunnan, Gongshan, East slope of Mts. Gao-li-gong, 2500–3200 m, 20–26.VII.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY); 1 ♂, Para- type of Lethe elwesi houjiangae Lang &amp; Bozano, ditto (CMNH).</p> <p>Notes. When this taxon was described as a subspecies of Lethe elwesi, Lang &amp; Bozano (2015) compared it with material of L. giancbi Lang &amp; Das sp. nov. from SE Tibet which was identified as the nominate L. elwesi in that work. After checking all male genitalia of species in the jalaurida -subgroup, the present authors think that this taxon is quite different from Lethe elwesi and should be a distinct species which is more closely related to L. giancbi Lang &amp; Das sp. nov. than to the others.</p> <p>Diagnosis. 1) On both sides pale markings and stripes are yellowish, it is similar to Lethe atkinsonia but without male brand on dorsal forewing; 2) uncus is heavily bent downwards; 3) valva is not elongated as in L. giancbi sp. nov.; 4) valva apex is sharply pointed inwards; 5) aedeagus has a slender dorsal ridge near its cephalic end, this structure is also present in L. giancbi sp. nov. but absent in other species.</p> <p>Distribution. China (NW Yunnan).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD313816FF26FA09FD9DD189	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
03B287F2CD363816FF26FE3FFC2DD4A0.text	03B287F2CD363816FF26FE3FFC2DD4A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe gelduba (Fruhstorfer in Seitz 1911) Fruhstorfer 1911	<div><p>6. Lethe gelduba Fruhstorfer, 1911 stat. nov.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida gelduba Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911. Macrolepid. World 9: 313, type locality: W. China; D’Abrera, 1985. Butt. Orient. 2: 416; D’Abrera, 1990. Butt. Hol. 1: 124.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida plistia Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1911. Macrolepid. World 9: 394 [Unnecessary replacement name of Lethe jalaurida gelduba Fruhstorfer, 1911]; Lang &amp; Bozano, 2015. Zootaxa 4058 (1): 130, fig. 16; Lang, 2017. Nymphalidae China II: 55, pl. IV: 15.</p> <p>Lethe jalaurida: Bozano (nec de Nicéville), 1999. Guide Butt. Pal. Reg., Satyridae 1: 48, figs.</p> <p>Lethe plistia: Lang, 2015. Neue Ent. Nach. 70: 301, fig. 8.</p> <p>Notes. Lethe sidonis f. gelduba Fruhstorfer, 1911 is an infrasubspecific name for a dry season form, and, therefore, it cannot be a homonym of Lethe jalaurida gelduba Fruhstorfer, 1911. Fruhstorfer (1911) gave a new replacement name for Lethe jalaurida gelduba by himself, viz. Lethe jalaurida plistia, but the latter is only an unnecessary replacement name. Furthermore, after checking material of the nominate Lethe jalaurida from N.W. India, it is found that its male genitalia is quite different from that of L. jalaurida gelduba, and the latter should be a distinct species.</p> <p>Diagnosis. 1) Ventral side pale markings and stripes are whitish; 2) ventral hindwing silver white discal band is broken in spaces 3 and 4; 3) uncus is not elongated and obviously bent downwards; 4) gnathos is short and only about a half-length of that in other species of the jalaurida -subgroup; 4) valva apex is sharply pointed inwards; 5) aedeagus is without a dorsal ridge.</p> <p>Distribution. China (W Sichuan, NW &amp; N Yunnan, SE Tibet), Bhutan.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD363816FF26FE3FFC2DD4A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
03B287F2CD35381AFF26F93FFD39D11D.text	03B287F2CD35381AFF26F93FFD39D11D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethe nosei (Koiwaya 2000)	<div><p>7. Lethe nosei (Koiwaya, 2000)</p> <p>(Figs. 10, 11)</p> <p>Zophoessa nosei Koiwaya, 2000. Notes Eurasian Ins. 3: 51, figs. 63–66, type locality: Mapanput, North Kachin, Myanmar. Lethe nosei: Lang, 2016. Atalanta, 47 (1/2): 216, figs. 1–3; Lang, 2017. Nymphalidae China II: 56, pl. IV: 18.</p> <p>Materials examined. CHINA: 2 ♂♂, Yunnan, Gongshan, East slope of Mts. Gao-li-gong, 3200 m, 25.VII.2015, leg. Song-yun Lang (LSY).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 1) Ventral side pale markings and stripes on both wings are pure white and extremely enlarged and widened; 2) uncus is nearly straight and only weakly bent downwards; 3) valva apex is sharply pointed inwards; 4) aedeagus is without a dorsal ridge.</p> <p>Distribution. China (NW Yunnan), N. Myanmar.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287F2CD35381AFF26F93FFD39D11D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Gaurab Nandi;Lang, Song-Yun;Singh, Navneet;Chandra, Kailash	Das, Gaurab Nandi, Lang, Song-Yun, Singh, Navneet, Chandra, Kailash (2020): Taxonomic notes on the jalaurida-subgroup of the genus Lethe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa 4789 (1): 281-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.11
