identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B387A9FFD2FF851DC624C032B5FE8D.text	03B387A9FFD2FF851DC624C032B5FE8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa Costa 1859	<div><p>Caliroa Costa, 1859</p><p>Caliroa Costa, 1859: 59; Takeuchi, 1952: 56; Lorenz &amp; Kraus, 1957: 111; Smith, 1971: 12; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1988: 57, 191; Wei, 1997: 52; Vasu, 1998: 286; Wei, 1998: 26; Lacourt, 1999: 54; Taeger et al., 2010: 364; Koch &amp; Smith, 2011: 445. Type-species: Caliroa sebetia Costa, 1859 [= Caliroa cothurnata (Serville, 1823)], by monotypy.</p><p>Eriocampoides Konow, 1890: 233 . Type species: Tenthredo limacina Retzius, 1783 [= Caliroa cerasi (Linné, 1758)], by subsequent designation of MacGillivray (1909).</p><p>Periclistoptera Ashmead, 1898: 255 . Type species: Monostegia alba (Norton, 1867) [= Caliroa obsoleta (Norton, 1867)], by original designation.</p><p>For more synonymy, see Smith (1971) and Lacourt (1999).</p><p>Diagnosis. Length 3.5–6.5 mm. Anterior margin of postocellar area not grooved (Fig. 3A), sometimes laterally grooved (Fig. 3B). Dorsal tentorial pit (DTP in Fig. 3C) widely separated from torulus; distance between dorsal tentorial pit and torulus as long as or slightly longer than height of torulus. Distance between toruli 1.1–1.6 × distance between torulus and eye (Fig. 3 D–M). Outer margin of eye without large punctures. Genal carina absent or only distinct in very short ventral part. Malar space less than 0.2 × width of median ocellus [except for C. feri Vasu, 1998 from India with malar space 0.5 × diameter of median ocellus (Vasu, 1998)]. Antenna with pedicel longer than wide, shorter than scape (Fig. 3 N–W); first flagellomere longer than second; apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–2.1 × as long as first flagellomere. Epicnemium narrow; epicnemial groove rarely inconspicuous. Mesepisternum continuously setose from dorsal to ventral ends, glabrous along anterior margin. Metapleuron with metapleural groove nearly straight. Basal two tarsomeres without plantar lobe (Fig. 3X). Tarsal claw with one outer tooth and large acute basal lobe. Forewing with joint of vein M and crossvein 2r-m located basal to joint of vein M and crossvein 2m-cu (Figs 1, 2); vein 2A+3A complete, without spur like appendix [in some Afrotropical and Nearctic species, vein 2A+3A incomplete, with its wide middle part obliterated (figs 6, 8 in Koch &amp; Smith, 2011)]; crossvein a present, oblique (Figs 1, 2). Hind wing of male with or without marginal vein. Cercus short, long oval (fig. 2J in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013) [in some Oriental species, cercus slender (figs 3, 4 in Vasu, 1998)]. Lancet sinuate (Figs 6–10). Penis valve with small lateral spine at apical fourth (Fig. 11).</p><p>Remarks. Smith (1971), Wei (1997, 1998) and Koch &amp; Smith (2011) adopted the reduction of apical four antennomeres as a generic character of Caliroa . Smith (1971) and Wei (1997) wrote that “apical four segments reduced, together subequal in length to or only slightly longer than third segment”. Wei (1998) wrote that “Apical 4 segments of antenna distinctly reduced, 3rd segment of antenna longer than apical 3 segments together”. However, apical four antennomeres are not very reduced in C. annulipes (fig. 2J in Hara, 2011), C. ouensis (Fig. 3S) and C. vaccini (Fig. 3R). These three species have the apical four antennomeres together 1.5–2.1 × as long as a third antennomere, and a third antennomere is 0.8–0.9 × as long as the apical three antennomeres together.</p><p>Smith (1971) and Vasu (1998) wrote that an epicnemium (or prepectus) is absent in Caliroa, while Wei (1997, 1998) wrote that it is distinct. In our material, an epicnemium is usually well defined by a distinct epicnemial groove.</p><p>Wei (1998) stated in his key to genera of the Caliroini that “Hind basitarsus as long as or longer than following 4 joints combined” and “Postocellar furrow absent” for Caliroa and Sinocaliroa Wei, 1998, and “2nd cubital cell distinctly shorter than 3rd cubital cell”, “Penis valve with a large apical hook” and “Lance without serrula-like dent” for Caliroa . These characters are variable within the genus in our material. A hind first tarsomere is 0.7–1.1 × as long as the following four tarsomeres combined. A postocellar furrow is sometimes distinct laterally (Fig. 3B). The forewing has the cell 2Cu often as long as the cell 3Cu (Figs 1A, 2A, E, O, Q). The apex of a penis valve is not hooked but rounded in C. staphyleae (Fig. 11R). A lance is often slightly but distinctly serrate (e.g. Figs 7A, 10G).</p><p>Caliroa is most similar to Arla Malaise, 1957 in Japanese tenthredinid genera. They are distinguished as follows: the anterior margin of a postocellar area is not grooved or shortly grooved laterally in Caliroa (Fig. 3A, B), while it is entirely grooved in Arla; the distance between a dorsal tentorial pit and a torulus is as long as or slightly longer than the height of a torulus in Caliroa (Fig. 3C), while it is shorter than that height in Arla; an epicnemium is usually distinct in Caliroa, while it is absent in Arla; the mesepisternum is setose from the dorsal to ventral parts uninterruptedly in Caliroa, while it is setose on the dorsal and ventral parts and widely glabrous on the middle part in Arla .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFD2FF851DC624C032B5FE8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFD1FF841DC624EC37C4FE3C.text	03B387A9FFD1FF841DC624EC37C4FE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa	<div><p>Key to Japanese species of Caliroa</p><p>Adults</p><p>1 Hind leg dark brown to black, without pale areas, at most narrowly brown on apex of femur (Fig. 1A, B, I, J)............ 2</p><p>- Hind leg with white, yellow or yellow brown areas (Figs 1 C–H, 2A–R).......................................... 3</p><p>2(1) Postocellar area 1.3–1.5 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, with anterior groove laterally (Fig. 3B). Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs usually located near or at joint of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m (Fig. 1A). Male hind wing without marginal vein (Fig. 4C)...................................................................... C. cerasi, ♀ ♂</p><p>- Postocellar area 2.1–2.2 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove as in Fig. 3A. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located far basal to joint of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m (Fig. 1I). Male hind wing with marginal vein (Fig. 4H).............................................................................. C. ibukii, ♀ ♂</p><p>3(1) Wings almost colorless, sometimes slightly blackish on cells C and Sc and below stigma in forewing (Fig. 1C, E, G)...... 4</p><p>- Wings distinctly brownish or blackish on basal two thirds (Fig. 2)............................................... 6</p><p>4(3) Forewing slightly blackish on cells C and Sc and usually blackish below stigma (Fig. 1C). Lancet with middle serrulae nearly triangular in outline, with acute teeth (Fig. 6I; fig. 23 in Lacourt, 2002)........................................... 5</p><p>- Forewing almost colorless all over (Fig. 1E, G). Lancet with middle serrulae nearly wide oval in outline, with rounded teeth (Fig. 7D, F). [Hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A in female (Fig. 4E), with marginal vein in male (Fig. 4F).]............................................................... C. oishii, ♀ ♂</p><p>5(4) In female, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4D); lancet with ctenidia (= groups of setae) of middle annuli extending to or near ventral margin of lancet (Fig. 6I).... C. bibaiensis, ♀ [♂ unknown]</p><p>- In female, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A (fig. 5 in Lacourt, 2002; photos in Taeger et al., 2018); lancet with ctenidia of middle annuli widely separated from ventral margin of lancet (fig. 23 in Lacourt, 2002). [In male, hind wing with marginal vein (fig. 2 in Lacourt, 2002).].............................. C. varipes, ♀ ♂</p><p>6(3) In female and male, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to apex of cell 1A and without marginal vein (Fig. 4I, K, M–P)................................................................................. 7</p><p>- In female, hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located at or basal to apex of cell 1A and without marginal vein (Fig. 4J, L, Q, T). In male, hind wing as in female, or without crossvein cu-a and with marginal vein (Fig. 4R, S)........ 10</p><p>7(6) Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5I, J) or setose on wide medial area (Fig. K). Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.4 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3 T–V)........................................................... 8</p><p>- Mesoscutellar appendage only with several setae posterolaterally (Fig. 5E) or entirely glabrous. Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.6–2.1 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3R)...................................... C. vaccini, ♀ ♂ part</p><p>8(7) Malar space without setae. Lancet with deep serrulae (Fig. 9A, B, 10 A–H)........................................ 9</p><p>- Malar space with row of setae (in male often partly glabrous). Lancet with very shallow serrulae (Fig. 9 C–F). [Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.1–0.2 × median length of clypeus (Fig. 3J). Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.0 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3U). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5J)]....................... C. staphyleae, ♀ ♂</p><p>9(8) Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.2 × median length of clypeus (Fig. 3I). Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.4 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3T). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5I). Lancet with 14 serrulae (Fig. 9A, B).................................................................................... C. aizankei, ♀ [♂ unknown]</p><p>- Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus (Fig. 3K, L). Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3V). Mesoscutellar appendage setose medially (Fig. 5K). Lancet with 17–18 serrulae (Fig. 10 A–H)............................................................. C. zelkovae, ♀ few specimens</p><p>10(6) Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.1–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere (fig. 2H in Hara, 2011). Mesoscutellar appendage entirely glabrous (Fig. 5H). Male hind wing without marginal vein (fig. 2M in Hara, 2011).................. C. nara, ♀ ♂</p><p>- Combination of character states not as above.............................................................. 11</p><p>11(10) Apical four flagellomeres combined 1.5–2.1 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3R, S). Mesoscutellar appendage entirely glabrous or narrowly setose posterolaterally (Fig. 5E, F). Male hind wing without marginal vein...................... 12</p><p>- Apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.3 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3V, W). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5L, M) or serose on wide medial area (Fig. 5K). Male hind wing with marginal vein (Fig. 4R, S)........... 13</p><p>12(11) Hind leg predominantly yellow to yellow brown, darkened on base of coxa and apices of tibia and tarsus and sometimes on base of femur (except for trochantellus) (Fig. 2B). Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.2 × median length of clypeus (Fig. 3H)................................................................................. C. vaccini, ♀ ♂ part</p><p>- Hind leg predominantly black, yellow or white on bases of tibia and tarsus (Fig. 2D). Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus (fig. 2E in Hara, 2011)...................................... C. ouensis, ♀ ♂</p><p>13(11) Hind tibia black, yellow on basal third (Fig. 2R). Lancet with ctenidia (= groups of setae) of middle annuli ventrally extending to level of base of serrula (Fig. 10K, L); middle serrulae shallower than wide, with three or four posterior teeth; areas between serrulae distinctly convex. [Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures (Fig. 5M). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5M).]............................................................. C. nire, ♀ [♂ unknown]</p><p>- Hind tibia brown yellow to brown, at most narrowly darkened apically or dorsoapically (Fig. 2L, N, P). Lancet not as above (Fig. 10 A–J)........................................................................................ 14</p><p>14(13) Mesoscutellum usually posterolaterally with one or some relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5K). Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus. Lancet with middle serrulae about as deep as wide, with five or more posterior teeth (Fig. 10 A–H); areas between serrulae distinctly convex. Male hind wing with section of marginal vein in cell Cu (section arrowed in Fig. 4R) separated from wing margin in posterior half.................... C. zelkovae, ♀ ♂</p><p>- Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures (Fig. 5L). Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.2–0.3 × median length of clypeus. Lancet with middle serrulae shallower than wide, with three or four posterior teeth (Fig. 10I, J; fig. 3 in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013); areas between serrulae slightly convex. Male hind wing with section of marginal vein in cell Cu (section arrowed in Fig. 4S) separated from wing margin in posterior fourth....................... C. matsumotonis, ♀ ♂</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFD1FF841DC624EC37C4FE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFD0FF821DC6213236F1FCD6.text	03B387A9FFD0FF821DC6213236F1FCD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa cerasi (Linne 1758)	<div><p>Caliroa cerasi (Linné, 1758)</p><p>(Figs 1A, B, 3 B–D, N, X, 4A–C, 5A, N, 6A–D, 11A–C)</p><p>Tenthredo Cerasi [sic] Linné, 1758: 557.</p><p>Caliroa cerasi: Benson, 1952: 96; Oishi, 1961: 31; Okutani, 1965: 29; Okutani, 1967: 95; Smith, 1971: 14; Carl, 1972: 58; Chevin, 1974: 161; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547; Wei, 1997: 54; Lacourt, 1999: 54; Lacourt, 2002: 128; Wei et al., 2006: 521; Lelej &amp; Taeger, 2007: 954; Taeger et al., 2010: 365; Koch &amp; Smith, 2011: 448; Lelej, 2012: 78.</p><p>Tenthredo limacina Retzius, 1783: 73 .</p><p>Eriocampoides limacina: Uchiike, 1926: 4; Toyoshima, 1950: 104.</p><p>Eriocampoides (Caliroa) limacina: Tkahashi, 1930b: 585 .</p><p>Caliroa limacina: Benson, 1950: 83, 113.</p><p>For more synonymy, see Smith (1971), Lacourt (1999) and Taeger et al. (2010).</p><p>Redescription: female and male. Length 4.5–5.5 mm in female, 4.0 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 1A, B). Labrum dark brown to black. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi dark brown to black. Legs black; foreleg yellow to brown from apex of femur to tarsus; middle leg brown to dark brown from apex of femur to tarsus; hind leg with apex of femur narrowly brown and tibia and tarsus often dark brown; spurs and claws yellow to brown. Wings mostly colorless transparent; forewing slightly blackish below stigma and on cells C and Sc; veins and stigma black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.3–1.5 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, with anterior groove laterally (Fig. 3B). Clypeus roundly or angularly emarginate on ventral margin (Fig. 3D); depth of emargination 0.3–0.4 × median length of clypeus. Malar space linear, about as wide as or slightly wider than facet of eye, without setae. First flagellomere 0.9–1.0 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3N); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.0–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.00–0.19 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 1A), rarely very slightly apical to joint of vein Rs with crossvein 3r-m; basal corner of cell 1M right-angled or slightly obtuse, rarely slightly acute. Hind wing of female with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located at or slightly basal to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4A), rarely very slightly apical to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4B); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu present (Fig. 4A), or either of them or both absent (Fig. 4B). Hind wing of male (Fig. 4C) with crossvein cu-a posteriorly curved medially and fused with apex of cell 1A; vein 1A not protruding beyond apex of cell 1A; apex of cell 1A widely separated from wing margin; crossvein 2r-m absent; crossvein m-cu absent or present; marginal vein absent.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum with inconspicuous minute punctures only. Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5A). Dorsum of abdomen not microsculptured (Fig. 5N), sometimes faintly reticulately microsculptured on first tergum.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 6A, C) with dorsal margin slightly serrate on apical half. Lancet (Fig. 6 A–D) with 18–19 serrulae; ctenidia small, distinctly darkened, widely separated from ventral margin of lancet; middle serrulae each with one to three anterior teeth and three to five posterior teeth; areas between middle serrulae convex, about as wide as or narrower than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 A–C) in ventral view with gonostipes weakly concave on posteromedial margin and harpe widest at middle, gently rounded on lateral margin and distinctly convex on medial margin. Penisvalve with hooked apex.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN—HOKKAIDO: 1♀, Nayoro, 26. VI. 2009, H. Hara ; 1♀, Urahoro, 20. VI. 2001, H. Hara ; 1♀, Shikaoi, Yamada-onsen, 25. VI. 2005, H. Hara &amp; A. Shinohara ; 4♀, Tokachi, Shimizu, Shimizu, coll. larvae on Cerasus avium 6. VII. 2011, mat. 7–9. VII., em. 25–26. VII. 2011, H. Hara ; 1♀, same locality, 17. VIII. 2012, H. Hara; 1♀, Hidaka, Nissho-toge, 7. VI. 2018, H. Hara ; 2♀, Sapporo, 14. VI. 1978, host: Cerasus sargentii; 5♀, Sapporo, Ainosato, on Chaenomeles japonica (oviposition observed), 8. VI. 2009, H. Hara ; 1♀, Sapporo, Hitsu- jigaoka, 2–4. VII. 2003, K. Konishi. —HONSHU: Fukushima Pref .: 1♀, “ Japan T. Uchida. ”, “[Fukushima Uchiike (in Japanese)]” [probably material of Uchiike, 1926] ; 2♀, Hobara, V. 1933, Takeuchi, Oishi [probably material of Oishi, 1961].— FINLAND : 2♀ 1♂, Karislojo, R. Forsius. — GERMANY : 2♀, “ Dahlem, Garten, Dr. Horn ” ; 1♀, Darmstadt, Meyer. — USA : 1♀, Washington State, Wenatchee, 21. V. 1914, “on pear”, E. J. Newkomer .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (Toyoshima, 1950), Honshu (Uchiike, 1926). Temperate Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa, Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand (Smith, 1971).</p><p>Benson (1950, pp. 83, 113, as limacina) stated that this species is of European origin and it was introduced to almost all parts of the world where pears, cherries and plums are grown. Koch &amp; Smith (2011) stated that it is a widespread species in the Palearctic Region, and has been introduced into North America, South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In Japan, this sawfly is regarded as an alien species (e.g. Goka, 2019). It was recorded from Japan by Uchiike (1926) for the first time. He found the severe infestation of the sawfly in 1924 at orchards in Fukushima Prefecture, Honshu, where the saplings of cherry and plum introduced from North America were planted (see also Oishi, 1961; Uchiike and Oishi are the same person). Therefore, this sawfly was probably introduced into Japan from North America with the saplings of cherry or plum.</p><p>In Japan, C. cerasi is now common in Hokkaido but appears to be very rare in Honshu. Except for the old specimens collected in early 20th century by Uchiike (= Oishi) in Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Honshu, we have never seen any specimens from Honshu. Murase (2010) recorded C. cerasi from Osaka Prefecture, western Honshu, but that species is not C. cerasi but probably C. matsumotonis, judging from the photograph of the adult.</p><p>Bionomics. Host plants observed in Japan are only Rosaceae: Amygdalus persica (Oishi, 1961), Cerasus avium (Uchiike, 1926), C. sargentii (new record), C. × yedoensis (Okutani, 1967), Chaenomeles japonica (new record), Cydonia oblonga (Oishi, 1961), Pyrus communis (Oishi, 1961), P. pyrifolia (Oishi, 1961) .</p><p>Outside Japan, the recorded hosts are various: Rosaceae ( Amelanchier, Amygdalus, Cerasus, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Malus, Mespilus, Padus, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Rubus, Sorbus), Betulaceae (Betula), Fagaceae (Quercus), Juglandaceae (Juglans) and Salicaceae (Salix) (Benson, 1952; Smith, 1971; Carl, 1972; Raffa &amp; Lintereur, 1988; Taeger et al., 1998). However, Carl (1972, p. 73) stated that “No host plants other than Rosaceae were confirmed during the present study. ... Larvae collected from cherry were subjected to feeding tests and did feed on Sorbus, Rubus, Rosa and Cotoneaster, but not on Salix, Quercus and Juglans . ... the present evidence suggests that the main host spectrum of C. cerasi is in one taxonomic group, the Rosaceae, and reports of its occurrence on other, taxonomically unrelated plants require verification”. According to Schönrogge (1991), C. cerasi is an oligophagous species that is largely confined to tree and shrubby Rosaceae .</p><p>This sawfly is known as a pest of rosaceous fruit trees (Benson, 1952). In Japan, this sawfly has two or three generations a year (Takahashi, 1930b; Toyoshima, 1950; Hayashi et al., 1985). In Honshu, adults occur from late May to middle June, from middle July to late July and from late August to early September and larvae from early June to middle July, from late July to late August and from early September to late October (Takahashi, 1930b). In Hokkaido, adults occur from June to August and larvae from late June to early September (Hayashi et al., 1985). For detailed information on the life history, see Carl (1972).</p><p>Remarks. Previous authors wrote that C. cerasi has a first flagellomere about as long as or not shorter than second and third flagellomeres together (Benson, 1952; Okutani, 1965; Smith, 1971; Chevin, 1974; Viitasaari, 1981; Wei, 1997; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1988; Lacourt, 2002) and the anal cell of a hind wing is sessile [= the joint of a vein 1A and a crossvein cu-a is located at or basal to the apex of a cell 1A] (Smith, 1971; Wei, 1997). However, in our material, a first flagellomere is sometimes 0.9 × as long as second and third flagellomeres together, and the anal cell of a hind wing is rarely very shortly petiolate [= the joint of a vein 1A and a crossvein cu-a is located slightly apical to the apex of a cell 1A] (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Caliroa cerasi will be distinguishable from other congeners by the following features: black body without colored reflection; hind leg dark brown to black, except for narrow apex of femur slightly pale; wings colorless transparent, slightly blackish below stigma and on cells C and Sc of forewing (Fig. 1A, B); postocellar area with anterior margin grooved laterally (Fig. 3B); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.0–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 3N); forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs usually located at or close to joint of vein Rs and crossvein 3r-m (Fig. 1A); hind wing of female with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to, at or very slightly apical to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4A, B); hind wing of male without marginal vein (Fig. 4C); lancet with ctenidia distinctly darkened and widely separated from ventral margin of lancet (Fig. 6 A–D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFD0FF821DC6213236F1FCD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFD6FF8C1DC626103362FA3C.text	03B387A9FFD6FF8C1DC626103362FA3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa bibaiensis Hara 2020	<div><p>Caliroa bibaiensis Hara sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1C, D, K, L, 3E, O, 4D, 5B, O, 6 E–I)</p><p>Description: female. Length 4.0–5.0 mm. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 1C, D). Labrum brown to dark brown. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi black, often dark brown apically. Legs black; fore and middle legs yellow from apices of femora to tarsi, with tibiae and tarsi often brown to dark brown apically; hind leg yellowish white on basal half of tibia and basal half of first tarsomere; tibial spurs yellow; claws brown. Wings mostly colorless transparent; forewing slightly blackish on cells C and Sc and usually below stigma; veins and stigma black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.3–1.5 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove. Clypeus deeply roundly emarginated on ventral margin (Fig. 3E); depth of emargination 0.4–0.5 × median length of clypeus. Malar space linear, about as wide as or slightly wider than facet of eye, without setae. First flagellomere 0.9–1.0 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3O); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.0–1.1 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs with crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.30–0.41 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 1C); basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute. Hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located somewhat apical to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4D); vein 1A not or slightly extending apically beyond joint with crossvein cu-a; crossvein 2r-m present or absent; crossvein m-cu absent.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum posterolaterally with one or some relatively large punctures along posterior margin. Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose (Fig. 5B). Dorsum of abdomen reticulately microsculptured (Fig. 5O).</p><p>Lance (Fig. 6 E–G) with dorsal margin slightly angularly serrate apically. Lancet (Fig. 6E, H, I) with 16–17 serrulae; ctenidia slightly darkened, ventrally extending to or near ventral margin of lancet; middle serrulae each with two to three anterior teeth and four to sixth posterior teeth; areas between middle serrulae slightly convex, wider than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Immature stages. Final feeding instar (semifinal instar) larva (Fig. 1K, L): length 9 mm; pale yellow with slime transparent; head black; legs black.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (Figs 1C, D, 3E, O, 4D, 5O, 6E): ♀, “ JAPAN, HOKKAIDO, Sorachi, Bibai, Koshunai, coll. larva 24. VII. 2011, mat. 26–29. VII., em. 28. V. 2012, Host: Crataegus chlorosarca, H. Hara ” . Paratypes: 5♀, same data as holotype, but larva coll. 28. VII. 2008, mat. 11. VIII., em. 16–24. VI. 2009; 9♀, same data as holotype, but em. 28–31. V. 2012.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the locality and is an adjective.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.</p><p>Bionomics. Host plant: Rosaceae: Crataegus chlorosarca Maxim.</p><p>Late instar larvae were collected in late July. They solitarily fed on the under surface of a leaf (Fig. 1K, L), although two or three larvae were often found on one leaf. In the rearing room, they matured and entered the soil during late July and middle August and became adults in May or June in the following year. This sawfly has one generation a year.</p><p>Remarks. In eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, C. bibaiensis is similar to C. parvula Wei, 1997 described from northeastern China in having a black body without colored reflection, a basally pale marked hind tibia, a mostly colorless transparent wings, a hind wing with a crossvein cu-a fused with a vein 1A apical to the apex of a cell 1A and microsculptured abdominal terga, but differs from the latter species by a postocellar area 1.3–1.5 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus [about 2 × in the latter species], apical four flagellomeres combined 1.0–1.1 × as long as the first flagellomere (Fig. 3O) [distinctly longer in the latter species]. Their lancets also differ (compare Fig. 6I with fig. 10 in Wei, 1997).</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. bibaiensis may go to C. tremulae Chevin, 1974, but it is distinguished from that species in having the following features [we examined two specimens of C. tremulae: 1♀, “Fennia, N. Helsinki, Villinki, 18. 7 1952, leg. O. Ranin”; 1♂, same data but “ 27. 7 1958 ”]: first flagel- lomere 0.9–1.0 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3O) [0.7 × in C. tremulae]; crossvein cu-a fused with vein 1A apical to apex of cell 1A in hind wing (Fig. 4D) [basal to apex of cell 1A in C. tremulae]; lancet with ctenidia not narrowing ventrally and areas between serrulae slightly convex (Fig. 6I) [ctenidia distinctly narrowing ventrally and areas between serrulae distinctly convex in C. tremulae (fig. 24 in Lacourt, 2002)].</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), C. bibaiensis goes to the couplet 9 consisting of C. liturata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. petiolata Smith, 1971, but it is distinguished from C. liturata by the serrulae of a lancet distinctly asymmetric (Fig. 6E, H, I) [almost symmetric in C. liturata (fig. 65 in Smith, 1971)] and from C. petiolata Smith, 1971 by wings mostly colorless transparent [lightly infuscated on basal two thirds, hyaline on apical third in C. petiolata] and the serrulae of a lancet with rough teeth (Fig. 6E, H, I) [with fine teeth in C. petiolata (fig. 66 in Smith, 1971)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFD6FF8C1DC626103362FA3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFD8FF8B1DC623113712FF19.text	03B387A9FFD8FF8B1DC623113712FF19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa varipes (Klug 1816)	<div><p>Caliroa varipes (Klug, 1816)</p><p>Tenthredo (Allantus) varipes Klug, 1816: 69 .</p><p>Caliroa varipes: Chevin, 1974: 163; Togashi, 1984: 27; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547; Taeger et al., 1998: 71; Lacourt, 1999: 55; Lacourt, 2002: 128; Lelej &amp; Taeger, 2007: 954; Taeger et al., 2010: 367; Lelej, 2012: 78.</p><p>For more synonymy, see Lacourt (1999) and Taeger et al. (2010).</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (Togashi, 1984). Russian Far East, Siberia, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Europe (Lelej, 2012).</p><p>Togashi (1984) recorded this species from Japan, based on a single female collected on 6 July 1977 in Wakkanai, Hokkaido. We have not located that specimen, and have never seen Japanese specimens of C. varipes . The occurrence of this species in Japan requires confirmation .</p><p>Bionomics. Host plant: Fagaceae: Quercus spp. in Europe (Chevin, 1974; Taeger et al., 1998; Lacourt, 1999). Remarks. This species will be distinguished from other Japanese congeners as stated in the key above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFD8FF8B1DC623113712FF19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFDFFF891DC62450314DF8C9.text	03B387A9FFDFFF891DC62450314DF8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa oishii (Takeuchi 1933)	<div><p>Caliroa oishii (Takeuchi, 1933)</p><p>(Figs 1 E–H, M, 3F, P, 4E, F, 5C, 7A–F, 11D–F)</p><p>Eriocampoides oishii Takeuchi, 1933: 30; Takeuchi, 1936: 160.</p><p>Caliroa oishii: Takeuchi, 1949: 48; Oishi, 1961: 34; Togashi, 1961: 37; Kim, 1963: 41; Okutani, 1965: 29; Okutani, 1967: 95; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1996: 362; Wei &amp; Nie, 1997: 82; Togashi, 1998: 43; Togashi, 1999: 179; Naito et al., 2004: 28; Wei et al., 2006: 522; Yoshida, 2006: 56; Lelej &amp; Taeger, 2007: 954; Taeger et al., 2010: 366; Lelej, 2012: 78; Lee et al, 2019: 36.</p><p>Caliroa ? annulipes [sic]: Togashi, 1960: 9. Not Klug (1816).</p><p>Caliroa annulipes: Okutani, 1965: 29, 33. Not Klug (1816).</p><p>Caliroa quercivora Togashi, 1999: 177; Taeger et al., 2010: 367. Syn. nov.</p><p>Redescription: female and male. Length 4.0–5.0 mm in female, 3.5–4.5 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 1 E–H). Labrum dark brown to black. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi black, apically dark brown. Legs black; fore and middle legs white to yellow from apices of femora to tarsi; middle tibia and fore and middle tarsi often apically darkened narrowly; hind leg of female with apex of femur narrowly yellow to brown, tibia white to yellow at least on basal fourth, sometimes almost entirely, and tarsus white to yellow except for apex, rarely only on narrow base; hind leg of male with femur apically yellow to yellow brown widely, tibia yellow to yellow brown, slightly darkened dorsally and apically, and hind tarsus entirely yellow brown to dark brown; tibial spurs yellow, hind tibial spurs often brown; claws brown. Wings uniformly colorless transparent; veins and stigma dark brown to black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.6–1.9 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove. Clypeus roundly or angularly emarginated on ventral margin (Fig. 3F); depth of emargination 0.2–0.4 × median length of clypeus. Malar space linear, narrower or slightly wider than facet of eye, glabrous. First flagellomere 0.8–0.9 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3P); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.2–1.3 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.33–0.44 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 1E, G); basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute, rarely right-angled. Hind wing of female with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4E); vein 1A extending beyond apex of cell 1A apically; crossvein 2r-m present; crossvein m-cu present or absent. Hind wing of male with marginal vein (Fig. 4F); apex of cell 1A very close to wing margin; crossveins 2r-m, m-cu and cu-a absent.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum posterolaterally with some relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5C). Mesoscutellar appendage setose, laterally glabrous. Dorsum of abdomen smooth, sometimes partly reticulately microsculptured.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 7A, C, E) with dorsal margin serrate on apical half; serrations rounded. Lancet (Fig. 7A, B, D–F) with 19–21 serrulae; ctenidia dark, ventrally pale, and ventrally extending near level of base of serrula; middle serrulae nearly wide oval in outline, with three to five anterior and four to six posterior rounded teeth; areas between middle serrulae distinctly convex and narrower than or about as wide as adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 D–F) in ventral view with harpe widest at basal two fifths, straight or slightly rounded on lateral margin and distinctly convex on medial margin. Penisvalve apically hooked.</p><p>Material examined. Type material examined. Holotype or paratopotype of Eriocampoides oishii Takeuchi, 1933 (Figs 1E, F, 3F, P, 4E, 7 A–D): 1♀, “[Hobara-machi Fukushima-ken [in Japanese)] Takeuchi” [on upper side] “[Oishi (in Japanese)” [on underside], “ HOLOTYPE, Eriocampoides oishii Takeuchi, 1933, det. A. Shinohara, 1979”. Paratypes of E. oishii: 1♂, “[Hobara-machi, Fukushima-ken (in Japanese)] Takeuchi” [on upper side] “[Oi- shi (in Japanese)]” [on underside], “ ALLOTYPE, Eriocampoides oishii Takeuchi, 1933, det. A. Shinohara, 1979”; 1♂, “ 29. V. 1917, Minomo [= Minoo, Osaka Pref.], Takeuchi”, “ PARATYPE, Eriocampoides oishii Takeuchi, 1933, det. A. Shinohara, 1979”.</p><p>Takeuchi (1933) described E. oishii based on three females and two males, “ Holotype, ♀, allotopotype, ♂, 1 paratopotype, ♀, Hohara [= Hobara], Fukushimaken, date unknown (T. ÔISHI); 2 paratypes, ♀ ♂, Minoo near Osaka, May 29, 1917 (K. TAKEUCHI)”. There are no specimens with the type label of Eriocampoides oishii by the nomenclator in Takeuchi’s collection now kept in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba. However, we have found the above one female and two males agreeing with the original description in the collection. They are safely considered a part of the type series. The female has the holotype label by A. Shinohara in 1979 (unpublished determination), and it was probably regarded by Togashi (1999) as the holotype. However, there is no reason to consider it the holotype, not the paratopotype. We treat it as indeterminate whether it is the holotype or paratopotype.</p><p>Holotype of Caliroa quercivora Togashi, 1999 (Figs 1G, H, 7E, F): ♀, “1300~ 1500 m, Mt. Hakusan, Ishikawa Pref., 22. VIII. 1998, I. Togashi ”, “Host: [Mizunara (in Japanese; = Quercus crispula)]”, “ Holotype, Caliroa quercivora sp. nov. ”, “ NSMT-HYM 62270 ” . Paratype of C. quercivora: 1♀, kept beside the holotype, bearing only a small red rectangular paper with nothing written on it.</p><p>We regard the female only with a red paper as a paratype of C. quercivora, because Togashi (1999) wrote that “ Holotype and one paratype are deposited in the collection of the National Science Museum (Nat. Hist.), Tokyo [= National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba]” .</p><p>Other material examined. JAPAN—HOKKAIDO: 1♀, Tokachi, Shintoku, on Quercus crispula, 13. VIII. 1993, H. Hara ; 1♀, same data but coll. larva on Q. crispula 13. VIII. 1993, mat. 29–31. VIII., em. 25. V. 1994 ; 2♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae 19. VIII. 2011, mat. 22–23. VIII., em. 19–26. IV. 2012, H. Hara; 2♀ 1♂, Tokachi, Shintoku, Mt. Shintoku-yama, coll. 3 larvae on Q. crispula 19. VIII. 2011, mat. 22. VIII., em. 2–5. IX. 2011, H. Hara ; 1♀ 5♂, Fukagawa, Takadomari, 6–14. VI, 14–24. VI, or 1–16. VII, 2007, Malaise trap, H. Hara; 2♀, Mikasa, Kayano, 11. VI. 2016, H. Hara ; 1♀, Jozankei, 20. VI. 1932, H. Sugiura ; 1♀, Kutchan, 26. VI. 1932, H. Sugiura ; 1♀, Hakodate, Kikyo, coll. larva on Q. crispula 17. VII. 2008, mat. 19. VII., em. 12. V. 2009, H. Hara. —HONSHU: Yamagata</p><p>Pref.: 1♀, Sodeura, 29. VI. 1951, Takeuchi, K, Shirahata.— Niigata Pref.: 1♀, Sado Is., Mt. Kinpoku-san, 7–8. VII. 1936, K. Baba, Y. Suzuki &amp; Z. Sawano [cited by Takeuchi (1936)].— Nagano Pref.: 1♂, Mt. Jonen-dake, 16. VII. 1929, Takeuchi.— Toyama Pref.: 1♂, Kurobe, 21. VI. 1931, Takeuchi.— Ishikawa Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Haku-san, Mt. Rokuman-yama, 22. VII. 1952, Takeuchi, I. Togashi; 1♀, same locality, 21. VII. 1962; 1♀, Mt. Shiritaka-yama, 2. VII. 1954, “ Caliroa ? annulipes Klug. ” [cited by Togashi (1960) as “ Caliroa ? annulipes Klug. ”; material of “ C. annulipes ” of Okutani (1965) (see Hara, 2011)].— Kyoto Pref.: 1♀, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, Ohara, 16. VI. 1984, T. Mat- sumoto.— Hyogo Pref.: 1♀, Sasayama, Mt. Sakazukigatake, 7. VII. 1951, K. Iwata; 1♂, Sasayama, Okano, 21. VI. 1954, T. Okutani [probably material of Okutani (1965)]; 1♀, Mt. Sengamine, 8. VII. 1962 [probably material of Okutani (1965)].— Tottori Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Daisen, 7. VI. 1933, Takeuchi.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (Togashi, 1998), Honshu (Takeuchi, 1933), Sado Is. (Takeuchi, 1936). Sakhalin (Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1996), Russian Far East (Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1996); Korea (Kim, 1963); China, Hubei (Wei &amp; Nie, 1997).</p><p>Bionomics. Host plants: Fagaceae: Quercus acutissima Carruth. (Oishi, 1961 as “[Kunugi (in Japanese)]”), Q. aliena Blume (Lee et al, 2019), Q. serrata Murray (Takeuchi, 1933 as “ Quercus serrata and Quercus glandulifera ”), Q. crispula Blume (Oishi, 1961 as “[Midunara (in Japanese)]”, Q. variabilis Blume (Lee et al, 2019).</p><p>According to Oishi (1961), this species has two or more generations a year; a female lays an egg below the epidermis of the underside of a leaf from the upper side of a leaf; a larva inhabits the underside of a leaf. He also wrote that up to 40– 50 eggs were laid on a leaf, but we have observed at most three larvae on one leaf. In our observations, larvae were solitary; two or three larvae were very often found on one leaf, but they were separated from each other; mature larvae entered into the soil and made brittle cocoons; hibernation was done in a cocoon.</p><p>Remarks. Togashi (1999) described C. quercivora as a species closely resembling C. oishii and separated them by the ratio of length to width of a postocellar area, the shape of an ovipositor sheath and the coloration of a hind tarsus. He wrote that a postocellar area has “length to width ratio of 1.0:1.8” for C. quercivora, but about “1.0:1.4” for C. oishii . However, actually the ratio of the holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii is 1.0:1.9 and very close to the ratio 1.0:1.8 of the holotype of C. quercivora . The shape of an ovipositor sheath and the color of a hind tarsus are not very different between these two species: compare fig. 11 and fig. 13 in Togashi, 1999 for their ovipositor sheaths, and Fig. 1F and Fig. 1H for the color of their hind tarsi. Furthermore, the ovipositor of the holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii and that of the holotype of C. quercivora are almost identical (compare Fig. 7 A–D and Fig. 7E, F). We consider C. quercivora a junior synonym of C. oishii .</p><p>In eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, C. oishii is similar to C. bilobatina Wei, 2002 described from central China in having a black body with colorless reflection, a pale hind tibia and tarsus with dark apices, uniformly colorless transparent wings, a linear malar space and a female hind wing with the joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to the apex of cell 1A. However, they differ as follows: first flagellomere 0.8–0.9 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined in C. oishii, 0.6 × in C. bilobatina; serrulae of a lancet wide oval in C. oishii (Fig. 7D, H), bilobate in C. bilobatina (fig. 3b, c in Wei, 2002).</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. oishii goes to the couplet 5 or 6, but does not agree with either line in both couplets.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), the female of C. oishii goes to the couplet 14 containing the females of C. lobata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. fasciata (Norton, 1864), but it differs from the latter two species in having uniformly colorless transparent wings and apical four flagellomeres combined 1.2–1.3 × as long as a first flagellomere [wings uniformly, moderately infuscated, sometimes lighter on the apical third, and apical four flagellomeres subequal in length to a first flagellomere in C. lobata; wings darkened on the basal two thirds and hyaline on the apical third, and apical four flagellomeres together slightly shorter than a first flagellomere in C. fasciata]. Their lancets also are different (compare Fig. 7 A–F with figs 73 and 75 in Smith, 1971). In Smith’s key, the male of C. oishii will go to the male of C. nyssae Smith, 1971, but apical four flagellomeres combined is 1.2–1.3 × as long as a first flagellomere in C. oishii, subequal in C. nyssae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFDFFF891DC62450314DF8C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFDDFF881DC6222032B9F9C5.text	03B387A9FFDDFF881DC6222032B9F9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa ibukii Hara 2020	<div><p>Caliroa ibukii Hara, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1I, J, N, 3G, Q, 4G, H, 5D, 7 G–I, 11G–I)</p><p>Description: female and male. Length 4.5 mm in female, 3.5 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection</p><p>(Fig. 1I, J). Labrum black. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi black. Legs black; fore and middle legs yellow brown to dark brown from apices of femora to tarsi; hind femur brown at narrow apex; fore and middle tibial spurs yellow, hind tibial spurs dark brown; claws brown. Wings slightly grayish on basal two-thirds, colorless transparent on apical third in female (Fig. 1I), slightly grayish uniformly in male; veins and stigma black.</p><p>Postocellar area 2.1–2.2 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove. Clypeus roundly emarginated on ventral margin (Fig. 3G); depth of emargination 0.3 × median length of clypeus. Malar space linear, about as wide as facet of eye in female, narrower than facet in male; setae absent. First flagellomere 0.9 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3Q); apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.0 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs with crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.48–0.53 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 1I); basal corner of cell 1M nearly right-angled. Female hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4G); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu present. Male hind wing with marginal vein (Fig. 4H); crossveins 2r-m, m-cu and cu-a absent; apex of cell 1A rather close to wing margin, and section of marginal vein in cell Cu separated from wing margin at its posterior third.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum with only minute punctures (Fig. 5D). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose. Dorsum of abdomen smooth in female, slightly reticulately microsculptured on middle terga in male.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 7G, H) with dorsal margin serrate on apical half; serrations rounded. Lancet (Fig. 7G, I) with 13 serrulae; ctenidia darkened, widely separated from ventral margin of lancet; serrulae, except for apical ones, each with large outer extension; middle serrulae deep, with two to three anterior teeth, three to four posterior teeth and one large posterior notch, and outer extension shallow, widened apically and slightly concave on apical margin; areas between middle serrulae slightly convex, wider than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 G–I) in ventral view with harpe widest at middle, slightly rounded on lateral margin and angularly convex on medial margin. Penisvalve slightly hooked apically.</p><p>Immature stages. Final feeding instar (semifinal instar) larva (Fig. 1N): length about 8 mm; slime black. Final instar larva entirely yellow.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (Figs 1I, J, 3G, Q, 4G, 5D, 7 G–I): ♀, “ JAPAN, Honshu, Tochigi Pref., Nak- agawa, Wami, coll. larva on Celtis sinensis 5. VII. 2018, mat. 7. VII., em. 21. VII. 2018, S. Ibuki ” . Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype but, mat. 9. VII., em. 8. V. 2019.</p><p>Etymology. This new species is named after Shinichi Ibuki who discovered this sawfly.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Honshu.</p><p>Bionomics. Host plant: Cannabaceae: Celtis sinensis Pers.</p><p>Ibuki collected two larvae on C. sinensis in his garden on July 5, 2018. They solitarily fed on the under surface of a leaf (Fig. 1N). In the rearing room, the larvae matured on July 7 and 9, 2018. One female adult (the holotype) emerged on July 21, 2018, and one male adult emerged on May 8, 2019. This sawfly has polymodal adult emergence and one or two generations a year.</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from other congeners except for C. cerasi in having a black body without colored reflection, an entirely dark hind leg and very slightly darkened wings (Fig. 1I). This species and C. cerasi are distinguished as stated in the key above. This species is unique in having double serrulae on a lancet (Fig. 7 G–I).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFDDFF881DC6222032B9F9C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFDCFF961DC6232530FAF875.text	03B387A9FFDCFF961DC6232530FAF875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa vaccini Okutani 1965	<div><p>Caliroa vaccini Okutani, 1965</p><p>(Figs 2A, B, 3H, R, 4 I–K, 5E, 8A–D, 11J–L)</p><p>Caliroa vaccini Okutani, 1965: 30; Okutani, 1967: 96; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547; Naito et al., 2004: 28; Taeger et al., 2010: 367; Smith &amp; Moisan-De Serres, 2017: 637, 640.</p><p>Redescription: female and male. Length 3.5–4.5 mm in female, 3.5–4.5 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 2A, B). Labrum dark brown to black. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi yellow brown, basally darkened. Legs yellow to yellow brown; coxae dark brown except for apices; femora except for trochantelli basally darkened or not; hind tibia and tarsus each darkened apically; tibial spurs and claws yellow to brown. Wings brown to dark brown on basal two thirds, colorless transparent on apical third; veins and stigma brown to black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.5–1.8 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove. Clypeus shallowly emarginated ventrally (Fig. 3H); depth of emargination 0.15–0.2 × median length of clypeus. Malar space slightly wider than or about twice as wide as facet of eye in female, about as wide as or slightly wider than facet of eye in male. First flagellomere 0.6–0.7 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3R); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.6–1.7 × as long as first flagellomere in female, 1.8–2.1 × in male. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.12–0.35 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 2A); basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute, sometimes right-angled. Hind wing of female with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to or apical to or at apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4I, J); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu absent, often both or either of them present. Hind wing of male without marginal vein (Fig. 4K); joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located at or apical to apex of cell 1A; apex of cell 1A widely separated from wing margin; crossveins 2r-m and m-cu absent.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum posterolaterally with one or two relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5E). Mesoscutellar appendage smooth and glabrous, usually with some setae on posterolateral area. Dorsum of abdomen smooth.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 8C) with dorsal margin slightly and angularly serrate apically. Lancet (Fig. 8 A–D) with 14–15 serrulae; ctenidia pale, ventrally extending near level of base of serrula; middle serrulae rather shallow, with two to four anterior and four to five posterior pointed teeth; areas between middle serrulae distinctly convex, narrower than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 J–L) in ventral view with harpe widest near base, straight or slightly concave on lateral margin and roundly convex on medial margin. Penisvalve apically hooked.</p><p>Material examined. Type material examined. Complete type series: 7♀ (one of these most likely the holo- type; see explanation below), “Tamba, Sasayama, [Sunoki (in Japanese; = Vaccinium smallii A.Gray var. glabrum Koidz.)], em. 11-VII-1960, T. Okutani” ; 5♀ 5♂ (paratypes) with the same label.</p><p>In the sawfly collection of the Kobe University where Okutani’s material had been housed (now kept in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba), there are no specimens labeled as the type of C. vaccini, but we have found a group of the above 12 females and five males agreeing with the statement on the type series in the original description, “Types: 12♀♀ (including holotype) and 5♂♂, 11-vii-1960 emerged from the larvae reared and collected at Sasayama, Hyogo ”. They disagree with the original description in the shape of a clypeus and the host plant. Okutani (1965) described that “clypeus truncate” and “Food-plant: Vaccinium Oldhami Miq., Ericaceae ”. All the 17 specimens have the clypeus slightly but distinctly emarginated (Fig. 3H). The host plant written on their labels is “Sunoki [= Vaccinium smallii var. glabrum]”. However, we believe they are the type series of C. vaccini . The difference between Okutani’s description and our observation on the shape of a clypeus is not significant. Okutani did not mention any host plant of C. vaccini other than V. oldhamii in his publications on this species (Okutani, 1965, 1967). It is reasonable to assume that Okutani realized V. smallii var. glabrum was a misidentification after labeling the 17 specimens, but did not change their labels. It would be impossible to select the holotype from the 12 females. The variations that Okutani (1965) mentioned are only as follows: “Body including antennae black all over (in some paratypes tegulae dark brown)” and “Hind wing without middle cell (in some paratypes with a cell)”. However, the difference in color of a tegula is subtle, and some females have an incomplete or rudimentary crossvein 2r-m or m-cu in a hind wing, namely an imcomplete or opened middle cell. We treat five females with a complete crossvein 2r-m or m-cu in either hind wing as the paratype and other seven females as indeterminate whether they are the holotype or paratype.</p><p>Other material examined. JAPAN: HONSHU—Hyogo Pref.: 5♀ 1♂, Takarazuka, em. 18. VII. 1975, Host: Vaccinium oldhamii, T. Okutani; 1♀, same data but, Takarazuka, Nishitani; 2♀, same data but, Nishitani .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Okutani, 1965).</p><p>Bionomics. Host plants: Ericaceae: Vaccinium oldhamii Miq. (Okutani, 1965, 1967).</p><p>Remarks. Three species, C. vaccini, C. annulipes and C. dionae Smith &amp; Moisan-De Serres, 2017, are known to be associated with Vaccinium in Caliroa (Smith &amp; Moisan-De Serres, 2017). Caliroa vaccini and C. annulipes have basally dark and apically transparent wings, but C. dionae has uniformly transparent wings. Caliroa vaccini has a predominantly yellow hind leg (Fig. 2B) and a shallowly emarginated clypeus (Fig. 3H), whereas C. annulipes has a predominantly black hind leg with the basally white tibia and tarsus (figs 11, 18 in Lacourt, 2002; photos in Taeger et al., 2018) and a deeply emarginated clypeus (fig. 2F in Hara, 2011). The ovipositors of these two species are very similar, but the middle serrulae of a lancet of C. vaccini are shallower than and more widely separated from each other than those of C. annulipes (compare Fig. 8 A–D with Fig. 8I and fig. 25 in Lacourt, 2002).</p><p>Caliroa vaccini is also similar to C. aizankei, C. ouensis and C. staphyleae in eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, but it is distinguished from those three by the key above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. vaccini goes to the couplet 2 or 6, but does not agree with either line in both couplets.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), the female of C. vaccini goes to the couplet 9 containing the females of C. liturata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. petiolata Smith, 1971 or the couplet 11 containing the females of C. labrata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. obsoleta (Norton, 1867), but it is distinguished from C. liturata, C. petiolata and C. obsoleta by the apical four flagellomeres combined distinctly longer than a first flagellomere [about as long as in the latter three] and from C. labrata by the forewing basally dark and apically transparent [uniformly, lightly infuscated in C. labrata]. The lancets of these five species are different (compare Fig. 8 A–D with figs 65, 66, 69 and 74 in Smith, 1971). In Smith’s key, the male of C. vaccini goes to the male of C. cerasi, but these two males are easily distinguished as stated in the key above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFDCFF961DC6232530FAF875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFC1FF941DC625E031DAFD65.text	03B387A9FFC1FF941DC625E031DAFD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa ouensis Hara 2020	<div><p>Caliroa ouensis Hara sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2C, D, 3S, 4L, 5F, 8E, F, 11 M–O)</p><p>Caliroa annulipes: Hara, 2011: 379 [part]. Not Klug (1816).</p><p>? Caliroa annulipes: Togashi, 1972: 217; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547.</p><p>Description: female and male. Length 5.0–6.0 mm in female, 5.0– 5.3 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 2C, D). Labrum dark brown. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi dark brown, basally black. Legs black; fore and middle femora yellow brown apically; fore and middle tibiae and tarsi yellowish white, apically slightly darkened; hind tibia yellowish white on basal fourth to third in female, on narrow base in male; hind first tarsomere basally yellowish white. Wings blackish on basal two thirds, colorless transparent on apical third; veins and stigma brown to black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.6–1.8 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, with dull or inconspicuous anterior groove laterally. Clypeus deeply emarginated ventrally; depth of emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus. Malar space slightly wider than or about twice as wide as facet of eye in female, about as wide as facet in male; setae absent. First flagellomere 0.6–0.8 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3S); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.5–1.9 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.14–0.38 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 2C); basal corner of cell 1M right-angled. Hind wing of female and male with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to or at apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4L); crossvein 2r-m present or absent; crossvein m-cu present; apex of cell 1A not close to wing margin.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures. Mesoscutellar appendage smooth, and entirely glabrous or narrowly setose posterolaterally (Fig. 5F). Dorsum of abdomen smooth, not microsculptured.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 8E) with dorsal margin slightly serrate apically; serrations angular. Lancet (Fig. 8 E–H) with 15–16 serrulae; ctenidia pale, ventrally extending to level of base of serrula; middle serrulae rather deep, with two to three anterior and three to four posterior pointed teeth; areas between middle serrulae convex, narrower than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 M–O) in ventral view with harpe widest at two fifths, gently rounded on lateral margin and angularly convex on medial margin. Penisvalve apically hooked.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (Figs 2C, D, 3S, 4L, 8E, F; figs 1M, 2E, O, 4D–F in Hara, 2011): ♀, “[JAPAN: Honshu], Mt. Hachimantai, Iwate Pref., 28. VII. 2004, A. Shinohara” [cited by Hara (2011) as C. annulipes]. Paratypes: 1♀, “25, VII, 1936, Mt. Zaô, Takeuchi” [on upper side] “Col. K. Sirahata” [on underside]; 1♀, “25, VII, 1939, Mt. Zao, Yamagata, Takeuchi” [on upper side] “[Ogura-sawa (in Japanese)], K. Sirahata” [on underside]; 2♀ 2♂, “Mt. Zawosan, Miyagi Pref., VII. 27. 1971, A. Shinohara”.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, an adjective, is derived from the Ou Mountains that include the localities of this species, Mount Hachimantai and Mount Zao-san.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Honshu.</p><p>Bionomics. Adults were collected in late July in mountainous areas of northern Honshu.</p><p>Togashi (1972) recorded Vaccinium uliginosum L. ( Ericaceae) as the host plant of “ Caliroa annulipes ” in Japan. His specimens may possibly be C. ouensis .</p><p>Remarks. Caliroa ouensis is very similar to C. annulipes known from Russian Far East to Europe and Canada, but they are different as follows: forewing with basal section of vein M distinctly curved and basal corner of cell 1M right-angled in C. ouensis (Fig. 1C), while basal section of vein M relatively weakly curved and basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute C. annulipes (Lacourt, 2002; photos in Taeger et al., 2018); female mesoscutellar appendage glabrous or narrowly setose posterolaterally in C. ouensis (Fig. 5F), while mostly setose in C. annulipes (Fig. 5G); male genitalia with harpe widest near middle in C. ouensis (Fig. 11M), while near base in C. annulipes (fig. 5D in Hara, 2011). Hara (2011) stated that “The membranous areas of the lance do not taper and the serrulae are asymmetrical in one Japanese female examined [= the holotype of C. ouensis; Fig. 8F], while the membranous areas taper dorsally and the serrulae are nearly symmetrical in European females”. However, these features appear to be unavailable to distinguish these two species. Caliroa ouensis sometimes has the membranous areas tapering dorsally (Fig. 8G) and the serrulae similar to those of C. annulipes (compare Fig. 8H with Fig. 8I).</p><p>In eastern Palearctic and Oriental species except for C. annulipes, C. ouensis is similar to two Chinese species, C. angustata Forsius, 1927 and C. semicincta Wei, 2007, and five Japanese species, C. matsumotonis, C. nara, C. nire, C. vaccini (part) and C. zelkovae, in having a black body with colorless reflection, a basally pale marked hind tibia, a basally dark and apically transparent or lighter wings, and a female hind wing with the joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to the apex of cell 1A. It is distinguished from the two Chinese species by apical four flagellomeres combined distinctly longer than a first flagellomere. Apical four flagellomeres combined are about as long as a first flagellomere in the two Chinese species. For the differences from the five Japanese species, see the key above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. ouensis goes to the couplet 2, but does not agree with either line of the couplet.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), the female of C. ouensis may go to the couplet 11 containing the females of C. labrata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. obsoleta (Norton, 1867), but it differs from the latter two in having wings darkened on the basal two thirds and hyaline on the apical third [uniformly, lightly infuscated in C. labrata; uniformly hyaline in C. obsoleta] and from C. obsoleta by apical four flagellomeres combined distinctly longer than a first flagellomere [subequal in length in C. obsoleta]. Their lancets are also clearly different (compare Fig. 8E, G with figs 69 and 74 in Smith, 1971). In his key, the male of C. ouensis goes to the male of C. cerasi, but they are easily distinguished as stated in the key to Japanese species above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFC1FF941DC625E031DAFD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFC0FF941DC6278430C3F964.text	03B387A9FFC0FF941DC6278430C3F964.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa annulipes (Klug 1816)	<div><p>Caliroa annulipes (Klug, 1816)</p><p>(Figs 5G, 8I)</p><p>Tenthredo (Allantus) annulipes Klug, 1816: 70 .</p><p>Caliroa annulipes: Chevin, 1974: 161; Taeger et al., 1998: 70; Lacourt, 1999: 54; Lacourt, 2002: 130; Lelej &amp; Taeger, 2007: 953; Taeger et al., 2010: 364; Hara, 2011 [part]: 379; Lelej, 2012: 77.</p><p>For more synonymy, see Lacourt (1999) and Taeger et al. (2010).</p><p>Additional description: female and male. Postocellar area with dull or inconspicuous anterior groove laterally. Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.3–0.4 × median length of clypeus. Malar space slightly wider than facet of eye in female, slightly narrower than facet in male; setae absent. Forewing with basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute (photos in Taeger et al., 2018). In male, hind wing with apex of cell 1A not close to wing margin (fig. 2Q in Hara, 2011). Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures. Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose in female (Fig. 5G), posterolaterally setose in male. Dorsum of abdomen smooth, not microsculptured. Male genitalia with harpe widest near base, gently rounded on medial margin in ventral view (fig. 5D–F in Hara, 2011); penisvalve apically hooked.</p><p>Material examined. FINLAND: 1♀, “Fennia: Kl, Parikkala, 3. VII. 1963, leg. E. Valkeila ”.— GERMANY: 1♂, “D: Mark Brandbg., Ebersw.: Chorin, “Mooskuten”, 5. 8. 1993 / 9. M, leg. M. Sommer ”.— AUSTRIA: 1♀, “c. 1988 July, em. 1989-05-17, Ritterkamp, NÖ”, “ Caliroa annulipes, Tilia cordata” and “ E. Altenhofer ” .</p><p>Distribution. From Russian Far East to Europe, Canada (Lelej, 2012). The record from China is based on a misidentification (Wei et al., 2006, p. 510).</p><p>The occurrence of this species in Japan was mentioned by Togashi (1960, 1972) and Okutani (1965). Togashi’s (1960) record of “ Caliroa ? annulipes ” from Honshu, Japan and Okutani’s (1965) “ C. annulipes ” are not C. annulipes but C. oishii (see also Hara, 2011). Togashi (1972) reported the host plant of C. annulipes in Japan. His material may be C. ouensis, because these two species are very similar as stated under the remarks of C. ouensis . A Japanese female of “ C. annulipes ” in Hara (2011) is not C. annulipes and here designated as the holotype of C. ouensis . We exclude C. annulipes from the fauna of Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFC0FF941DC6278430C3F964	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFC0FF931DC62382307CFE39.text	03B387A9FFC0FF931DC62382307CFE39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa nara Hara 2011	<div><p>Caliroa nara Hara, 2011</p><p>(Fig. 5H)</p><p>Caliroa carinata: Kim et al., 2000: 685 . Not Zombori (1978).</p><p>Caliroa nara Hara, 2011: 370; Lee et al., 2019: 36.</p><p>Additional description: female and male. Postocellar area with dull anterior groove laterally. Clypeus with depth</p><p>of emargination 0.2 × median length of clypeus. Malar space slightly wider than or about as wide as facet of eye in female, narrower than facet of eye in male. Forewing with basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute or right-angled. In male, hind wing with apex of cell 1A rather close to wing margin (fig. 2M in Hara, 2011). Mesoscutellum usually posterolaterally with one or two relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5H). Mesoscutellar appendage entirely smooth and glabrous. Dorsum of abdomen smooth, not microsculptured.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: HOKKAIDO: 1♀, Kamikawa, Kamikawa, Rikuman, larva on Quercus crispula coll. VIII. 2011, em. 11. VI. 2012, H. Hara. For more material, see Hara (2011) .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido and Honshu (Hara, 2011). Korea (Hara, 2011).</p><p>Remarks. This species is distinguished from other Japanese species as stated in the key above. For more detail about this species, see Hara (2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFC0FF931DC62382307CFE39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFC7FF921DC627313147FC45.text	03B387A9FFC7FF921DC627313147FC45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa aizankei Hara 2020	<div><p>Caliroa aizankei Hara sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2E, F, 3I, T, 4M, 5I, 9A, B)</p><p>Description: female (holotype). Length 4.5 mm. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 2E, F). Labrum dark brown. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi yellow brown, basally darkened. Legs black; femora narrowly brownish apically; fore and middle tibiae yellowish white; hind tibia yellowish white on basal half; tarsi yellowish white, slightly darkened apically; tibial spurs and claws yellow brown. Wings brown, becoming pale on apical third; veins and stigma brown to black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.5 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove. Clypeus emarginated ventrally (Fig. 3I); depth of emargination 0.2 × median length of clypeus. Malar space narrower than facet of eye, without setae. First flagellomere 0.8 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3T); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.4 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.4 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 2E); basal corner of cell 1M acute. Hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4M); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu absent.</p><p>Punctures generally minute. Head and thorax mostly smooth between punctures. Mesoscutellum posterolaterally with several relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5I). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly with setigerous punctures. Dorsum of abdomen very slightly microsculptured.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 9A) with dorsal margin very slightly serrate apically. Lancet (Fig. 9A, B) with 14 serrulae; ctenidia pale, ventrally extending to level of base of serrula; middle serrulae about as deep as wide, with some anterior and posterior teeth [serrulae in Fig. 9A, B are probably severely worn]; areas between middle serrulae slightly or moderately convex, slightly wider than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (Figs 2E, F, 3I, T, 4M, 5I, 9A, B): ♀, “[Hokkaido] Aizankei, Mt. Daisetsu, 29. vii. 1955, Col. K. Morimoto ”.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is named after the locality and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.</p><p>Remarks. Among eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, Caliroa aizankei is similar to C. staphyleae and part of C. vaccini in having the combination of a black body with colorless reflection, a pale marked hind tibia and basally dark and apically transparent wings and a female hind wing with the joint of a vein 1A and a crossvein cu-a located apical to the apex of a cell 1A. These three species are distinguished as stated under the key above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. aizankei goes to the couplet 6, but does not agree with either line of the couplet.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), C. aizankei goes to the couplet 6 consisting of C. distincta Smith, 1971 and C. lunata MacGillivray, 1909, but it is distinguished from them by apical four flagellomeres combined 1.4 × as long as a first flagellomere [subequal in length in the latter two] and a lancet with 14 serrulae [16 to 17 serrulae in C. distincta; 17 to 19 serrulae in C. lunata].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFC7FF921DC627313147FC45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFC6FF901DC626A333B0FE8D.text	03B387A9FFC6FF901DC626A333B0FE8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa staphyleae Oishi 1961	<div><p>Caliroa staphyleae Oishi, 1961</p><p>(Figs 1O, 2 G–J, 3J, U, 4N–P, 5J, 9C–F, 11P–R)</p><p>Caliroa staphyleae Takeuchi [sic]: Oishi, 1961: 30, 37.</p><p>Caliroa staphylae [sic]: Okutani, 1967: 95, 96. Misspelling of staphyleae .</p><p>Caliroa staphyleae: Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547 .</p><p>Caliroa staphylea Okutani, 1965: 30, 31, 33; Okutani, 1967: 96; Taeger et al., 2010: 367. Synonymized by Okutani, 1967. Caliroa staphyles [sic] Okutani, 1965: 31. Misspelling of staphylea .</p><p>Redescription: female and male. Length 4.5–5.5 mm in female, 3.5–4.5 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 2 G–J). Clypeus black, sometimes yellow brown to brown. Labrum yellow to brown. Mandible black, apically reddish brown, sometimes basally brown. Palpi brown to dark brown. Legs black; fore and middle legs yellow to yellow brown on apices of femora to tarsi, slightly or distinctly darkened on apices of tarsi, sometimes brown on trochanters and their adjacent areas; hind leg yellow to dark brown on trochanter and its adjacent areas, yellow to yellow brown on apex of femur to tarsus, slightly or distinctly darkened on apices of tibia and tarsus; tibial spurs and claws yellow. Wings brown to black on basal two thirds, colorless transparent on apical third; veins and stigma brown to black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.4–1.8 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove. Clypeus shallowly emarginated ventrally (Fig. 3J); depth of emargination 0.1–0.2 × median length of clypeus. Malar space as wide as or slightly wider than facet of eye in female, slightly narrower than facet of eye in male; row of setae present, often partly absent in male. First flagellomere 0.9–1.2 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3U); apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.0 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.50–0.70 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 2G, I); basal corner of cell 1M acute. Hind wing of female with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4N, O); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu absent, often both or either of them present. Hind wing of male as in that of female (Fig. 4P); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu both absent or vestigial; marginal vein absent; apex of cell 1A widely separated from wing margin.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum posterolaterally with one to three relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5J). Mesoscutellar appendage setose, laterally narrowly glabrous. Dorsum of abdomen slightly microsculptured.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 9C) with dorsal margin very slightly serrate apically. Lancet (Fig. 9 C–F) with 17–18 serrulae; ctenidia pale, ventrally extending near level of base of serrula; serrulae very shallow, with three to five anterior and six to seven posterior teeth; areas between middle serrulae convex, much narrower than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 P–R) in ventral view with harpe widest at middle, roundly convex on lateral and medial margins. Penisvalve slender, apically rounded in lateral view.</p><p>Material examined. Type material examined. Lectotype of Caliroa staphyleae Oishi, 1961 [here designated] (Figs 2G, H, 3U, 4N, 5J, 9C, D): ♀, “1, VIII, 1955, [Hobara-machi, Fukushima-ken (in Japanese), Takeuchi” [on upper side] “[Oishi Toshio (in Japanese)]” [on underside], “Host: [Mitsubautsugi (in Japanese; = Staphylea bumalda)]”, “ Holotype ”. Paralectotypes of C. staphyleae: 1♀ 1♂, with the same two labels as the former two labels of the lectotype.</p><p>Although Oishi (1961) called this species “ C. staphyleae Takeuchi ”, Takeuchi never published this name. Oishi (1961) used this name for the first time and gave a description of the species. The above three specimens were found in Takeuchi’s collection in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba. They are safely regarded as the types of Caliroa staphyleae Oishi, 1961, because Oishi (1961) stated that “[I found Caliroa larvae feeding on Staphylea bumalda in my garden [Hobara, Fukushima Pref.] on July 17, 1955. ... I let my second son rear them. Because they seemed a different species from Caliroa zelkovae, I requested their identifications to the doctor Takeuchi. There was a notice from the doctor on September 14 that it was a new species and named Caliroa staphyleae Takeuchi]” in Japanese. Oishi (1961) also mentioned more specimens, but we have been unable to locate them. The holotype was not designated in the original description. We here select the female with the label “ Holotype ” probably written by Takeuchi as the lectotype.</p><p>Holotype and paratype of Caliroa staphylea Okutani, 1965: 1 ♀, “[Oze (in Japanese)], 26-v-1951. Br., [Mitsub- autsugi (in Japanese; = Staphylea bumalda)], VIII-’50 (L), [Hasegawa Hitoshi (in Japanese)]”, “ Caliroa ” (Figs 2I, J, 9E, F); 1♀, “[Mitsubautsugi (in Japanese; = Staphylea bumalda)], [Oze-numa (in Japanese)], 26-v ’51 [(U) (in Japanese; = emergence)]” .</p><p>In the sawfly collection of the Kobe University where Okutani’s material had been deposited (now kept in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba), there were no specimens with the type label of C. staphylea, but we found the above two females generally agreeing with Okutani’s (1965) statements in the original description, “Types: 2♀♀ (including holotype) emerged on 26-v-1951 from the larvae collected by H. Hasegawa at Oze, Gumma on Aug., 1950” and “Food-plant: Staphylea Bumalda (Thunb.) DC., Staphyleaceae ”. Their body lengths (5.0– 5.5 mm) are shorter than the body length (6.5 mm) stated in the original description, but we believe them to be the types of C. staphylea . It is not certain which of the two females is the holotype. We found another female with almost the same label as the holotype (see other material examined) in Takeuchi’s collection. It is not regarded as a type of C. staphylea, because Okutani (1965) described this species based on the two females deposited in the “ Hyogo University of Agriculture” [= Kobe University].</p><p>Other material examined. JAPAN: HOKKAIDO: 2♀ 6♂, Sapporo, em. 10 or 15. V. 1932, K. Sato. —HONSHU: Tochigi Pref.: 3♀, Nakagawa, Bato, coll. larvae on Staphylea bumalda 9. VII. 2012, mat. 12–14. VII., em. 26. VII. 2012, S. Ibuki; 2♀, same data but coll. larvae 2. VII. 2014, mat. 19–23. VII., em. 15–17. V. 2015; 1♀ 1♂, Nakagawa, Wami, coll. larvae on S. bumalda 9. VII. 2012, mat. 12–14. VII., em. 25–26. VII. 2012, S. Ibuki; 3♀ 1♂, Nakagawa, Banboku-toge, coll. larvae on S. bumalda 2. VII. 2017, mat. 14. VII., em. 29. VII. 2017, S. Ibuki; 1♀, Sakura–Ka- mikogura, Kinugawa-river, oviposition on S. bumalda, 12. VI. 2005, T . Saito; 3♀, Utsunomiya, Kamikogura, coll. larvae on S. bumalda 9. VII. 2011, em. 21–28. VII. 2011, T . Saito; 20♀ 13♂, same data but larvae coll. 6. VII. 2012, em. 21–24. VII. 2012.—Gumma Pref.: 1♀, “[Oze (in Japanese)], [Mitsubautsugi (in Japanese; = S. bumalda)], 26- v-1951 (A), VIII-’50 (L), [Hasegawa Hitoshi (in Japanese)]”.— Tokyo Met .: 1♀, “ Tokyo ”, 27. V. 1956, K. Sato.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record), Honshu (Oishi, 1961).</p><p>Bionomics. Host plants: Staphyleaceae: Staphylea bumalda DC. (Oishi, 1961; Okutani, 1965).</p><p>Adults were collected in May and June, and larvae in July and August. Larvae gregariously fed on the under surfaces of leaves. In rearing condition, the larvae collected on early July became adults on late July or in the next spring. This sawfly has one or two generations a year, with polymodal adult emergence.</p><p>Remarks. Among eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, C. staphyleae is similar to C. aizankei, part of C. vaccini and part of C. zelkovae in having a black body with colorless reflection, a hind tibia with pale areas, basally dark and apically transparent wings and a female hind wing with the joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located apical to the apex of cell 1A, but they are distinguished as stated under the key above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. staphyleae goes to the couplet 6, but does not agree with either line of the couplet.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), the female of C. staphyleae goes to the couplet 7, but does not fit either line of the couplet, and the male of C. staphyleae goes to the male of C. cerasi, but they are distinguished as stated under the key above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFC6FF901DC626A333B0FE8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFC4FF9B1DC624EC3125FE61.text	03B387A9FFC4FF9B1DC624EC3125FE61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa zelkovae Oishi 1961	<div><p>Caliroa zelkovae Oishi, 1961</p><p>(Figs 1 P–S, 2K–P, 3A, K, L, V, 4Q, R, 5K, 10A–H, 11S–X)</p><p>Caliroa Zelkovae Takeuchi [sic]: Oishi, 1961: 34.</p><p>Caliroa zelkovae: Okutani, 1967: 96; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547; Naito et al., 2004: 28.</p><p>Caliroa zelkova Okutani, 1965: 30; Okutani, 1967: 96; Wei, 1997: 57; Wei et al., 2006: 522; Taeger et al., 2010: 367. Synonymized by Okutani, 1967.</p><p>Caliroa sumomovora Togashi &amp; Oishi, 1978: 20; Abe &amp; Togashi, 1989: 547. Syn. nov.</p><p>Redescription: female and male. Length 3.5–6.0 mm in female, 3.5–5.0 mm in male. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 2 K–P). Labrum black. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Palpi black, sometimes dark brown. Legs black; apices of femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow brown to brown; hind tibia often slightly darkened apically or dorsally and apically; tarsi usually slightly darkened apically; hind tarsus rarely entirely dark brown. Wings distinctly brownish on basal two thirds, colorless transparent on apical third; veins and stigma dark brown to black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.5–1.9 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus, without anterior groove (Fig. 3A). Clypeus deeply emarginated ventrally (Fig. 3K, L); depth of emargination 0.3–0.5 × median length of clypeus. Malar space narrower than facet of eye, without setae. First flagellomere 0.7–0.9 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3V); apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–1.2 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.37–0.72 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2 (Fig. 2K, M, O); basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute, sometimes right-angled. Hind wing of female with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4Q), very rarely located apical to apex of cell 1A (only in two females); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu present, sometimes crossvein 2r-m absent, rarely both absent. Hind wing of male with marginal vein (Fig. 4R); crossveins 2r-m, m-cu and cu-a absent; apex of cell 1A not close to wing margin; section of marginal vein in cell Cu (arrowed in Fig. 4R) separated from wing margin in posterior half.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum posterolaterally with one or some relatively large punctures along posterior margin (Fig. 5K), very rarely without relatively large punctures. Mesoscutellar appendage setose medially, widely glabrous laterally. Dorsum of abdomen not microsculptured.</p><p>Lance (Fig. 10A, C, E, G) with dorsal margin serrate on apical half; serrations narrowly rounded. Lancet (Fig. 10 A–H) with 17–18 serrulae; ctenidia darkened, ventrally extending to or near level of base of serrula; middle serrulae about as deep as wide, each with three to five anterior and four to six posterior teeth; areas between middle serrulae distinctly convex, as wide as or slightly narrower than adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 11 S–X) in ventral view with harpe widest at basal third, slightly rounded or almost straight on lateral margin and distinctly convex on medial margin. Penisvalve apically hooked.</p><p>Material examined. Type material examined. Lectotype of Caliroa zelkovae Oishi, 1961 [here designated] (Figs 2K, L, 3L, V, 4Q, 5K, 10A, B): ♀, “8, VIII, 1954, [Fukushima-ken, Hobara-machi (in Japanese)], Takeuchi” [on upper side] “ T. Oishi” [on underside], “Host: [Keyaki (in Japanese; = Zelkova serrata)]”, “ Holotype ”. Paralectotypes of C. zelkovae: 4♀ 1♂, with the same two labels as the former two labels of the lectotype.</p><p>Although Oishi (1961) called this species “ C. Zelkovae Takeuchi”, Takeuchi never published this name. Oishi (1961) used this name for the first time and gave a description of the species. The above six specimens were found in Takeuchi’s collection. They are safely regarded as the types of Caliroa zelkovae Oishi, 1961, because Oishi (1961) stated that “[On the evening of July 26, 1954, I found sawfly larvae of the genus Caliroa on trees of Zelkova serrata around my orchard (Hobara-machi Ooaza Obara Aza Kitahata 2). Looking over a big tree nearby, there was the appreciable damage. Then, I collected the larvae and reared them. Many adults emerged on August 8. Examining them, I knew that they were a Caliroa species previously unknown in Japan, and so I requested their identifications to the doctor Takeuchi. There was a notice from the doctor Takeuchi dated August 28 that it was determined as C. Zelkowae n. sp.]” in Japanese. Oishi (1961) also mentioned that the specimens emerged on August 21, but we have been unable to locate them. The holotype was not designated in the original description. We here select the female with the label “ Holotype ” probably written by Takeuchi as the lectotype.</p><p>Holotype of Caliroa zelkova Okutani, 1965 (Figs 2M, N, 10C, D): ♀, “Tamba, Sasayama, [Keyaki (in Japanese; = Zelkova serrata)], 19-VII-1960, Br., T. Okutani” . Paratypes of C. zelkova: 1♂, “[Kenkyu-shitu de Uka, Showa 32. 8. 19, Keyaki (in Japanese; = emerged in the laboratory, 8. VIII. 1957, Zelkova serrata)]” ; 3♂, “ Tamba, Sasayama, [ Keyaki (in Japanese)], Em. 25-VII-1962, T. Okutani leg.” ; 2♂, “ Sasayama,[Keyaki (in Japanese)], 26-VII 1962, Br. S. Nogusa ” ; 1♀, “ Tamba, Sasayama, Hst. [ Keyaki (in Japanese)], Em. 30-VII-1962, T. Okutani leg.” [as ♂ in the original description] .</p><p>In the sawfly collection of the Kobe University where Okutani’s material had been kept (now deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba), there were no specimens bearing the type label of C. zelkova, but we found the above specimens agreeing with the statements on the holotype and paratypes in the original description.</p><p>Other material examined: JAPAN: HOKKAIDO: 1♀ (rearing code HH110821B), Tokachi, Shintoku, Shintoku, coll. solitary larva on Ulmus pumila 21. VIII. 2011, mat. 27. VIII., em. 23. IV. 2012, H. Hara.—HONSHU: Fukushima Pref.: 1♂, “3, IX, 1955, [Hobara-machi, Fukushima-ken (in Japanese)], Takeuchi” [on upper side] “[Sekijitu Uka (in Japanese; = emerged in evening)], [Oishi Toshio (in Japanese)], [Shiiku (in Japanese; = reared)]” [on underside], “Host: [Keyaki (in Japanese; = Zelkova serrata)]” [on upper side] “Takeuchi” [on underside], “ Allotype ” [probably written by Takeuchi; this male is not the type of C. zelkovae Oishi, 1961, because Oishi (1961) did not mentioned the specimens obtained in 1955].— Tochigi Pref.: 2♀ 4♂, Nikko, Minamiokorogawa, 29. VIII. 2009, T. Saito; 2♀, same data but coll. larva on Z. serrata 7. VIII. 2009, em. 28. VIII. 2009; 3♀, same data but coll. larvae on Z. serrata 6. IX. 2009, em. 30. IX. or 13. X. 2009; 4♂, Nakagawa, Koisago, coll. larvae on Prunus domestica 12. VII. 2012, mat. 14–15. VII., em. 27. VII. – 3. VIII. 2012, S. Ibuki; 3♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae on P. domestica 29. VI. 2018, reared on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, mat. 1–4. VII., 13–19. VII. 2018; 1♀ 1♂, Nakagawa, Koisago, on U. davidiana var. japonica, 31. V. 2012, S. Ibuki; 3♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae on U. davidiana var. japonica 6. VII. 2012, mat. 7–8. VII., em. 22–23. VII. 2012; 6♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae on U. davidiana var. japonica 29. VI. 2014, mat. 1–2. VII., em. 15–20. VII. 2014; 2♀, same data but coll. larvae on U. davidiana var. japonica 29. VI. 2018, reared on P. domestica, mat. 3–5. VII., em. 17. VII. 2018; 2♀, same data but coll. larvae on U. davidiana var. japonica 29. VI. 2018, reared on Z. serrata, mat. 1. VII., em. 15–17. VII. 2018; 1♀, Nakagawa, Wami, coll. larva on Prunus cerasifera var. atropurprea 29. VI. 2014, mat. 11. VII., em. 26. VII. 2014, S. Ibuki; 1♂, same data but coll. larva on P. domestica 8. VII. 2012, mat. 11. VII., em. 25. VII. 2012; 1♀ 3♂, same data but coll. larvae 27. VI. 2014, mat. 4–8. VII., em. 17–21. VII. 2014; 1♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae 29. VI. 2014, mat. 7–11. VII., em. 21–26. VII. 2014; 3♂, same data but coll. larvae 5. VII. 2014, mat. 9. VII., em. 22–23. VII. 2014; 1♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae on U. davidiana var. japonica 6. VII. 2012, mat. 8. VII., em. 22. VII. 2012; 1♀, same data but coll. larva 15. IX. 2014, mat. 18. IX., em. 14. V. 2015; 1♂, same data but coll. larva on Z. serrata 6. VII. 2012, mat. 8. VII., em. 27. VII. 2012; 5♀, same data but coll. larvae 9. VII. 2012, mat. 11. VII., em. 25. VII. 2012; 2♀ 1♂, same data but coll. larvae 26. VI. 2014, mat. 6. VII., em. 25. VIII. 2014; 1♂, same data but coll. larvae 3. VII. 2014, mat. 3. VII., em. 20. VII. 2014; 1♂, same data but coll. larvae 3. VII. 2014, mat. 7. VII., em. 5. VIII. 2014; 2♀, same data but coll. larvae on Z. serrata 6. VII. 2019, reared on U. davidiana var. japonica, mat. 17. VII., em. 28. VII. 2019, S. Ibuki.— Saitama Pref.: 1♀, Fukaya, Kushibiki, 14. VIII. 1998, Y. Arai.— Hyogo Pref.: 3♂, Sasayama, em. 28–30. VIII. 1965, Host: Z. serrata, T. Okutani; 1♀, same data but em. 8. IX. 1965, Host: Zelkova .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido (new record), Honshu (Oishi, 1961). China (Wei, 1997).</p><p>Bionomics. Host plants: Rosaceae: Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. (new record), P. domestica L. (new record), P. salicina Lindl. (Togashi &amp; Oishi, 1978 as the host of C. sumomovora).— Ulmaceae: Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai (new record), Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino (Oishi, 1961; Okutani, 1965).</p><p>To test whether the larvae from Rosaceae and Ulmaceae have a wide host range respectively, Ibuki conducted feeding tests for the larvae collected in Nakagawa town from three tree species, Prunus domestica (Pd), Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Udj) and Zelkova serrata (Zs), as follows: (A1) two solitary late instar larvae were collected from Pd on 29 June 2014, and one of them was given Udj and the other Zs; (A2) eight solitary late instar larvae were collected from Pd on 29 June 2018, and four of them were given Pd and the other four Zs; (B1) two solitary late instar larvae were collected from Udj on 29 June 2014, and one of them was given Pd and the other Zs; (B2) eight solitary late instar larvae were collected from Udj on 29 June 2018, and four of them were given Pd and the other four Zs; (C1) a group of 23 young gregarious larvae was collected from Zs on 26 June 2014; two of them were selected, and one of them was given Pd and the other Udj; (C2) a group of 13 gregarious first instar larvae were collected from Zs on 6 July 2019; ten larvae were selected, and five of them were given Pd and the other five Udj.</p><p>The results are as in Table 1. The larvae from Pd and Udj showed a wide food preference. They usually fed on both of Rosaceae and Ulmaceae (A1, 2; B1, 2). On the other hand, the larvae from Zs fed on Udj, but hardly fed on Pd. They appeared to prefer Ulmaceae only (C1, 2). Furthermore, the tested larvae from Pd and Udj differed from those from Zs not only in host plants but also in behavior. These facts may suggest that the gregarious larvae from Zs belong to a different species from the solitary larvae from Pd and Udj. However, more extensive study is needed to verify this suggestion. We have not found any difference between these two groups in adult morphology and larval appearance, and therefore regarded them as conspecific (see also the remarks below).</p><p>(a) Pd = Prunus domestica, Udj = Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Zs = Zelkova serrata . (b) We did not record for two larvae whether they fed on Zs. (c) We did not record for one larva whether it fed on Zs. (d) One larva fed on Pd, but very little.</p><p>Oishi (1961) stated that this species has two generations a year, presumably partly three generations a year. Our material shows that this species has three generations a year in the lowlands of Honshu.Adults were collected in late May, early July and middle and late August, and larvae were collected in late June to middle July, early August, early and middle September.According to Oishi (1961) and Togashi &amp; Oishi (1978), the female lays eggs below the under epidermis of a leaf mainly along a main leaf vein from the upper side of a leaf (Fig. 1P), and the larvae feed on the under surface of a leaf. In our observations, the larvae found on Zelkova serrata were usually gregarious and close to but not in contact with each other, and they moved in a group (Fig. 1Q); the number of eggs or young larvae per group was 13–33; solitary larvae were rarely found. On the other hand, the larvae on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Prunus spp. were always solitary.</p><p>Remarks. The adults reared from the larvae collected on Prunus spp. (Fig. 2O, P) agree with the original description of C. sumomovora Togashi &amp; Oishi, 1978, and they are almost identical to the lectotype of C. zelkovae (Fig. 2K, L). Their lancets are not significantly different (compare Fig. 10G, H with fig. 6 in Togashi &amp; Oishi, 1978 and Fig. 10 A–D). We consider C. sumomovora a junior synonym of C. zelkovae . We have not been able to locate the holotype of C. sumomovora .</p><p>In eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, C. zelkovae is similar to two Chinese species, C. angustata Forsius, 1927 and C. semicincta Wei, 2007, and five Japanese species, C. matsumotonis, C. nara, C. nire, C. ouensis and C. vaccini (part), in having a black body with colorless reflection, a pale-marked hind tibia, basally dark and apically transparent or lighter wings and a female hind wing with the joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a usually located basal to the apex of cell 1A. Caliroa zelkovae differs from C. angustata and C. semicincta in having a hind tibia brown yellow to brown, usually gradually darkened apically (Fig. 2L, N, P) [basally white and apically black in the latter two (fig. 1L in Hara, 2011; fig. 1 in Wei &amp; Niu, 2007)] and by middle serrulae of a lancet deep (Fig. 10 A–H) [shallower in the latter two (fig. 4A, B in Hara, 2011; figs 4, 5 in Wei &amp; Niu, 2007)]. For the differences of C. zelkovae from the five Japanese species, see the key above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. zelkovae goes to the couplet 6, but does not fit either line of the couplet.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), the female of C. zelkovae goes to the couplet 11 containing the females of C. labrata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. obsoleta (Norton, 1867), but it is distinguished from the latter two by wings basally dark and apically hyaline (Fig. 2 K–P) [uniformly, lightly infuscated in C. labrata; uniformly hyaline in C. obsoleta]. Their lancets are also different (compare Fig. 10 A–H with figs 69 and 74 in Smith, 1971). In this key, the male of C. zelkovae goes to the couplet 20 consisting of the males of C. liturata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. lorata MacGillivray, 1909, but it will be distinguished from the latter two by wings basally dark and apically hyaline and the pale areas of legs yellow brown to brown [wings uniformly, lightly infuscated, sometimes slightly darker basally, and the pale areas of legs whitish in the latter two].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFC4FF9B1DC624EC3125FE61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFCFFF9B1DC6277833EFF804.text	03B387A9FFCFFF9B1DC6277833EFF804.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa matsumotonis (Harukawa 1919)	<div><p>Caliroa matsumotonis (Harukawa, 1919)</p><p>(Figs 4S, 5L, 10I, J)</p><p>Eriocampoides matsumotonis Harukawa, 1919: 48; Takahashi, 1930a: 503.</p><p>Caliroa matsumotonis: Takeuchi, 1949: 48; Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013: 380; Lee et al, 2019: 36.</p><p>Caliroa cerasi: Murase, 2010: 57 . Not Linné (1758)</p><p>For more synonymy, see Hara &amp; Shinohara (2013).</p><p>Additional description: female and male. Clypeus with depth of ventral emargination 0.2–0.3 × median length of clypeus. Malar space distinctly or slightly narrower than facet of eye, without setae. Forewing with basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute. Hind wing of male with apex of cell 1A rather close to wing margin (Fig. 4S; fig. 2n in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013); section of marginal vein in cell Cu (arrowed in Fig. 4S) separated from wing margin in posterior fourth. Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures (Fig. 5L). Mesoscutellar appendage mostly setose. Dorsum of abdomen not microsculptured, sometimes partly slightly microsculptured.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: HONSHU—Yamagata Pref.: 1♀, “29, VI, 1942, [Higashine-machi, Yamagataken (in Japanese)], Takeuchi ”, “[Suzuki Kotaro col. (in Japanese)]”.— Hyogo Pref.: 1♀, Amagasaki, Oshima, larva on Cerasus × yedoensis coll. 12. VI. 2009, em. 16. VII. 2009, H. Yoshida .— KOREA: Gyeonggi-do: 7♀ 7♂, Suwon, 19. V. 1935, K. Sato. For more material, see Hara &amp; Shinohara (2013) .</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Harukawa, 1919). Korea (Okamoto, 1938).</p><p>In Japan, this species has been known from western and central Honshu (Harukawa, 1919; Takimoto &amp; Oda, 1940). We found a female collected in Yamagata Prefecture, northern Honshu.</p><p>Remarks. In eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, C. matsumotonis is similar to two Chinese species, C. angustata Forsius, 1927 and C. semicincta Wei, 2007, and five Japanese species, C. nara, C. nire, C. ouensis, C. vaccini (part) and C. zelkovae, in having a black body with colorless reflection, a pale-marked hind tibia, basally dark and apically hyaline or lighter wings and a female hind wing with the joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to the apex of cell 1A. Caliroa matsumotonis is distinguished from C. angustata and C. semicincta by a hind tibia brown yellow to brown, usually gradually darkened apically (fig. 1 in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013) [basally white and apically black in the latter two (fig. 1L in Hara, 2011; fig. 1 in Wei &amp; Niu, 2007)] and by a lancet with the areas between serrulae weakly convex (Fig. 9I, J; fig. 3 in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013) [distinctly convex in the latter two (fig. 4A, B in Hara, 2011; figs 4, 5 in Wei &amp; Niu, 2007)]. For the differences of C. matsumotonis from the six Japanese species, see the key above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. matsumotonis goes to the couplet 6, but does not fit either line of the couplet.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), the female of C. matsumotonis goes to the couplet 11 containing the females of C. labrata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. obsoleta (Norton, 1867), but it is distinguished from the latter two by wings basally dark and apically hyaline (fig. 1 in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013) [lightly infuscated in C. labrata, uniformly hyaline in C. obsolete]. Their lancets also are different (compare Fig. 10I, J and fig. 3 in Hara &amp; Shinohara, 2013 with figs 69 and 74 in Smith, 1971). In Smith’s key, the male of C. matsumotonis goes to the couplet 20 consisting of the males of C. liturata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. lorata MacGillivray, 1909, but it can be distinguished from the latter two by wings basally dark and apically hyaline and the pale areas of legs yellow brown to brown [in the latter two, wings are uniformly, lightly infuscated, sometimes slightly darker basally, and the pale areas of legs are whitish].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFCFFF9B1DC6277833EFF804	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
03B387A9FFCEFF9A1DC625E031D5F837.text	03B387A9FFCEFF9A1DC625E031D5F837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caliroa nire Hara 2020	<div><p>Caliroa nire Hara sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1T, 2Q, R, 3M, W, 4T, 5M, P, 10K, L)</p><p>Description: female (holotype). Length 5.3 mm. Black, shiny with colorless reflection (Fig. 2Q, R). Labrum black. Mandible black, apically reddish brown. Legs black, fore and middle legs yellow from apices of femora to tarsi, with tibiae brownish dorsally and posteriorly and tarsi apically darkened; hind leg yellow on narrow apex of femur, basal fourth of tibia and basal half of first tarsomere; tibial spurs yellow to brown; claws brown. Wings brown on basal two thirds, colorless transparent on apical third; veins and stigma black.</p><p>Postocellar area 1.7 × as wide as length behind lateral ocellus; anterior groove absent. Clypeus with depth of emargination 0.3 × median length of clypeus (Fig. 3M). Malar space about as wide as facet of eye, without setae. First flagellomere 0.8 × as long as second and third flagellomeres combined (Fig. 3W); apical four flagellomeres combined 1.3 × as long as first flagellomere. Forewing with joint of vein Rs and crossvein 2r-rs located at apical 0.35 of anterior margin of cell 1Rs2; basal corner of cell 1M slightly acute (Fig. 2Q). Hind wing with joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to apex of cell 1A (Fig. 4T); crossveins 2r-m and m-cu present.</p><p>Punctures mostly minute or inconspicuous. Head and thorax mostly smooth. Mesoscutellum with only inconspicuous minute punctures. Mesoscutellar appendage setose, laterally narrowly glabrous (Fig. 5M). Dorsum of abdomen mostly reticulately microsculptured (Fig. 5P).</p><p>Lance (Fig. 10K) with dorsal margin slightly serrate; serrations angulated. Lancet (Fig. 10K, L) with 18 serrulae; ctenidia distinctly darkened, ventrally extending to level of base of serrula; middle serrulae shallower than wide, each with two anterior and three to four posterior teeth; areas between middle serrulae distinctly convex, about as wide as adjacent serrula.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Immature stages. Final feeding instar (semifinal instar) larva (Fig. 1T): 8 mm long; covered with dark brown slime.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (Figs 1T, 2Q, R, 3M, W, 4T, 5M, P, 10K, L): ♀, “[HH110821A] JAPAN: Hok- kaido, Tokachi, Shintoku, Shintoku, coll. solitary larva on Ulmus pumila, 21. VIII. 2011, mat. 23. VIII., em. 20. V. 2012, H. Hara ”.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is from Nire, the Japanese name for elm, and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.</p><p>Bionomics. Host plant: Ulmaceae: Ulmus pumila L. This tree species is an introduced species from northeastern China, and so not the original host.</p><p>One larva was collected in late August. The larva and its feeding traces were found on the under surface of a leaf (Fig. 1T). In rearing condition, the larva matured and entered the soil in late August. The female emerged in the following year.</p><p>Remarks. In eastern Palearctic and Oriental species, C. nire is similar to two Chinese species, C. angustata Forsius, 1927 and C. semicincta Wei, 2007, and five Japanese species, C. matsumotonis, C. nara, C. ouensis, C. vaccini (part) and C. zelkovae, in having a black body with colorless reflection, a basally pale marked hind tibia, basally dark and apically hyaline or lighter wings, and a female hind wing with the joint of vein 1A and crossvein cu-a located basal to the apex of cell 1A. It will be distinguished from the two Chinese species by apical four flagellomeres combined 1.3 × as long as a first flagellomere [about as long as in the latter two] and abdominal terga microsculptured [not microsculptured in the latter two]. The ovipositors of these three species are very similar, but this species has a lance with serrations slight and angulated (Fig. 10K) [more distinct and rounded in C. angustata (fig. 4A, C in Hara, 2011)], and a lancet with ctenidea narrow and the basal teeth of serrulae large (Fig. 10K, L) [ctenidea wide and the basal teeth of serrulae small in C. semicincta (figs 4, 5 in Wei &amp; Niu, 2007)]. For differences from the five Japanese species, see the key to Japanese species above.</p><p>In the key to western Palearctic species by Lacourt (2002), C. nire goes to the couplet 6, but does not precisely fit either line of the couplet.</p><p>In the key to Nearctic species by Smith (1971), C. nire goes to the couplet 11 containing C. labrata MacGillivray, 1909 and C. obsoleta (Norton, 1867), but it is distinguished from C. labrata by a hind tarsus basally pale (Fig. 2Q) [not pale in the latter] and wings basally dark and apically hyaline [uniformly, lightly infuscated in the latter], and from C. obsoleta by wings basally dark and apically hyaline [uniformly hyaline in the latter] and apical four flagellomeres together distinctly longer than a first flagellomere [subequal to in the latter]. Their lancets are also different (compare Fig. 10K, L with figs 69 and 74 in Smith, 1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A9FFCEFF9A1DC625E031D5F837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hara, Hideho;Ibuki, Shinichi	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi (2020): Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 4768 (3): 301-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.1
