taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B3CC7F7878B62BF85BA536FC21F8B7.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. USA. Alabama: Mibile Co., MT Bellefontaine (Site 7), 30.35 N 88.11 W, 23. ii. 2004, E. Benton leg. (3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, CNC).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7878B62BF85BA536FC21F8B7.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Mid-sized species (body about 5.5 mm); antenna with postpedicel long, nearly 5 X longer than basal width; palpus yellow; mesoscutum with 4 dark, brown vittae, acrostichal setae absent; legs extensively yellow, hind tibia with long fine setae dorsally. Male: eyes nearly holoptic; hind tibia clavate; abdomen entirely, densely, silvery grey pruinose.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7878B62BF85BA536FC21F8B7.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body length about 5.5 mm, wing 5.3 – 5.6 mm. Male (Fig. 8). Head capsule regions densely greyish pruinose, only lower margin of face and upper margin of clypeus shiny; head setation black. Eyes almost touching on frons, upper ommatidia slightly enlarged. Frons very narrow in middle part (narrower than anterior ocellus), small subtriangular space just below ocellar triangle and larger space above antennae; with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae undifferentiated; ocellar triangle with several equally long, fine setae. Occiput with long, fine setae (including postoculars); postgena with long hair-like setae. Antenna with scape and pedicel light brown, postpedicel and stylus black; scape nearly 2 X longer than subglobular pedicel; scape with longer setulae than pedicel; postpedicel long (nearly 5 X as long as basal width), with straight margins, base slightly broader than pedicel; stylus very short, slightly shorter than postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum mostly yellowish, usually brownish yellow near base; only slightly longer than eye height; palpus short, yellow; with long, fine, black setae. Thorax almost entirely black in ground-colour, postalar tubercle yellowish translucent; mostly densely greyish pruinose; mesoscutum with 4 dark brown vittae (dorsal view) (Fig. 9); thoracic setation black. Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with tuft of numerous long, fine setae on lower part, bare on upper part. Antepronotum with 6 – 7 short, strong setae dorsally and 4 – 5 longer, finer setae laterally on each side. Postpronotal lobe only with fine setulae of different lengths. Mesonotal setae: acrostichals absent; presutural dorsocentrals long, fine, arranged in 1 – 2 irregular rows, postsutural dorsocentrals longer, irregularly 2 – 3 - serial along prescutellar depression, 2 – 3 setae closer to scutellum longest and strongest; 1 presutural supra-alar, 3 notopleurals, 1 – 2 postsutural supra-alar (s), 1 long and 1 minute postalars, 8 – 10 scutellars (4 setae usually stronger); in addition, fine setae along entire supra-alar face and several similar setae on anterior part of notopleuron. Laterotergite with numerous setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale yellow. Legs with coxae greyish pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny; black setose. Legs colour: coxae and trochanters brownish, coxae somewhat yellow translucent apically; fore femur rather brownish yellow on about basal 2 / 3 dorsally, otherwise femora yellow; tibiae almost entirely yellow, slightly Figs 8 – 10. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902, habitus: 8 — male, lateral view; 9 — male, dorsal view; 10 — female, lateral view. Scale bar is 1 mm. Рис. 8 – 10. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902, габитус: 8 — самец, вид сбоку; 9 — самец, вид сверху; 10 — самка, вид сбоку. Масштаб 1 мм. 336 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus Figs 11, 12. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902, male: 11 — postabdomen, lateral view; 12 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted). Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; T — tergite; S — sternite. Рис. 11, 12. Empis (Anacrostichus) caeligena Melander, 1902, самец: 11 — постабдомен, вид сбоку; 12 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не укаЗаны). СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; T — тергит; S — стернит. darkened on extreme apex; tarsi brown. Coxae and trochanters with simple setae. Fore femur with short, fine anteroventral and long, stronger posteroventral setae. Fore tibia with long, stronger anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae (longest setae nearly 2 X longer than tibia width), covered with fine shorter setae posteriorly. Fore basitarsus slightly thickened but not broader than fore tibia on apex, with long fine setae dorsally and dense setulae ventrally; remaining tarsomeres with shorter, finesetaedorsallyMidfemurclothedinlonger, somewhat outstanding setulae dorsally and anteriorly closer to base; with rows of moderately long, strong anteroventral and longer, finer antero-anteroventral setae; numerous, short, spinule-like ventral setae on about basal half; almost complete row of short, spine-like, posteroventral setae becoming longer and finer near extreme base. Mid tibia with numerous very long setae of different robustness anteroventrally and posteroventrally; almost double row of short, spine-like ventral setae on about apical half. Mid basitarsus slender, shorter than fore and hind basitarsi, with strong setae ventrally; dorsal setation as in fore tarsus. Hind femur slender; with row of long anterodorsal setae on about basal half; covered with mostly short, fine setae anteroventrally and ventrally, bearing row of 5 – 6 strong, moderately long, anteroventral setae closer to apex. Hind tibia clavate (anterior view) and somewhat curved (dorsal view), its subapical portion slightly broader than hind femur on middle; covered with fine outstanding setae longer dorsally (longest dorsal setae nearly 1.5 X longer than hind tibia width on subapical portion); moderately long seta in posteroapical comb. Hind basitarsus slightly thickened but narrower than hind tibia on apex, nearly as long as fore basitarsus; clothed in long fine setae, stronger setae ventrally; remaining tarsomeres with longer fine setae dorsally. Wing membrane faintly brownish infuscate; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins mostly brownish, brownish yellow near base. Veins R 5 and M 1 almost parallel toward wing margin; CuA + CuP (anal vein) complete. Cell dm short, with strongly elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 2.3 – 2.5 X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish. One long basal costal seta (rarely 2). Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, dark fringed. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen brown in ground colour, black setose, entirely densely silvery grey pruinose; tergites 2 – 4 with scattered setulae dorsally and numerous long fine setae laterally (shorter on tergite 4); sternites 1 – 4 and 8 with long fine setae. Postabdomen (Fig. 11): segments 5 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 somewhat bent downwards, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body axis. Tergite 5 with somewhat concave lateral margin posteriorly and slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 5 gently rounded medially, bearing minute setulae and two short, digitiform posterior projections. Tergite 6 asymmetrical; slightly narrower than tergite 5, with rather large, rounded antero-lateral tubercle and small posteromarginal lateral projection. Sternite 6 invisible in situ, strongly reduced, represented by small, strongly sclerotised, bare, median sclerite anteriorly (rounded anteriorly and digitiform posteriorly, partly hidden by sternite 5). Tergite 7 slightly asymmetrical; narrower and 2 – 2.5 X shorter than tergite 6, with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation. Sternite 7 asymmetrical, with scattered setulae laterally; divided by broad membranous space into two portions narrowly connected laterally; anterior portion (mostly invisible in situ) asymmetrical, strongly sclerotised, deflected downwards, including two small separated anterior sclerites and larger posterior sclerite of complicated structure; posterior portion represented by small, weakly sclerotised, lateral sclerite. Segment 8 nearly funnel-like, with entirely separated tergite and sternite; tergite 8 long, nearly as long as tergite 7, undivided, somewhat concave anteriorly, gently rounded posteriorly; sternite 8 rather trapezoid in lateral Empis / browni / Curran (CNC). Paratypes: Que. 1929; Little view, slightly longer than tergite 8, with simple structure and Mecatina Is, 6. VII; W. G. Brown // Paratype, Empis browni vestiture. Curr., No. 3408 [yellow] // Paratype, Empis browni Curran ♂ Terminalia (Figs 11, 12) moderately large; epandrial lamella (1 ♂, CNC); same data as holotype; Allotype, Empis browni brownish anteriorly and yellowish posteriorly, faintly pruinose; Curran, No 3408 [red] // Type Empis browni Curran ♀ (1 ♀, cercus mostly brownish yellow, somewhat brownish posteriorly, CNC). covered with dark setulae; hypandrium brown, faintly pruinose, Empis fumida: Kukak Bay, Alaska, July 4 ’ 99 Harriman with black setae. Epandrium entirely divided (epandrial bridge Expedition ’ 99 T. Kincaid, Collector // [red label] Paratype No. absent); epandrial lamella subtriangular (Fig. 12), apex rounded; 5211 U. S. N. M. (1 ♂, OUMNH); same data // [hand-written with moderately long black setae more numerous along lower label] Empis fumida Coq. (1 ♀, OUMNH). margin. Hypandrium separated from epandrium; entirely ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA. sclerotised; very prolonged and deeply concave posteriorly British Columbia: Mt. Revelstoke [Mount Revelstoke forming two subtriangular, pointed lobes almost reaching apex of National Park, 51 ° 05 ′ N 118 ° 03 ′ W], 6000 ft, 31. vii. 1952, phallus; bearing numerous setae near base; gonocoxal apodeme G. J. Spencer (3 ♂♂); same locality and collector, 28. vii. 1952 small. Subepandrial sclerite undivided. Cerci separated with (2 ♂♂), 17. vii. 1952 (1 ♂), 26. vii. 1952 (6 ♂♂), 30. vii. 1952 each other and from epandrium; cercus small, subrectangular (2 ♂♂), 12. viii. 1952 (1 ♂); same locality, 12. viii. 1923, (lateral view), posterior margin far before apex of epandrial P. N. Vroom (1 ♂); same locality, 27. vii. 1952, G. P. Holland lamella; undivided, with smoothed inner margin; covered with (1 ♂); Mt. Harry, 6200 ft, Mount Revelstoke National Park, simple dark setulae, bearing scattered erect setulae on inner 11. viii. 1952, G. J. Spencer (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀); Eva Lake trail, surface. Hypoproct membraneous, bare. Phallus entirely hidden, 6000 ft, Mount Revelstoke National Park, 31. vii. 1952, moderately long; gently arched; thick near basal curvature G. J. Spencer (2 ♂♂); same locality and collector, 6. viii. 1952 (lateral view), becoming gradually slenderer towards apex, short (1 ♀), 29. vii. 1952 (1 ♀); same locality, 29. vii. 1952, apical portion very slender; with spinules before apical slender G. P. Holland (2 ♂♂); Miller – Eva Lake trail, 6300 ft, Mount portion. Ejaculatory apodeme moderately large, extended far Revelstoke National Park, 13. vii. 1952, G. J. Spencer (1 ♂); beyond basal curvature of phallus, without lateral wings. Lisadele Lake, 58 ° 41 ′ N, 133 ° 04 ′ W, 4000 ft, marshy meadow, Female (Fig. 10). Similar to male except as follows. Eyes 10. viii. 1960, W. W. Moss (1 ♂, 4 ♀♀); same locality and dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons broad, nearly as collector, 6. viii. 1960 (3 ♂♂), 7. viii. 1960 (1 ♂), 8. viii. 1960 broad as face below antennae, almost parallel-sided. Ocellar (1 ♂); same locality, 11. viii. 1960, R. Pilfrey (1 ♂); Moosehorn setae differentiated, fine, moderately long. Occiput with Lake, 58 ° 10 ′ N, 132 ° 07 ′ W, 4500 ft, on flowers of Heracleum somewhat sparser and stronger setae. Prothoracic sclerites lanatum, 29. vii. 1960, R. Pilfrey (3 ♂♂); same locality and with shorter setae. Mesonotum with shorter dorsocentral setae; collector, wet grass and flower meadow, 25. vii. 1960 (1 ♂), 4 – 6 scutellars. Legs somewhat paler, generally with shorter, 22. vii. 1960 (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀), 1. viii. 1960 (1 ♂), Potentilla meadow, simple setation; fore coxa almost entirely yellow, mid and hind 29. vii. 1960 (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Squamish [49 ° 42 ′ N 123 ° 09 ′ W], coxae yellow on about apical half; all basitarsi mostly yellow. Diamond Head Trail, 4600 ft., 10. viii. 1953, W. R. M. Mason Fore femur with subequally short, fine anteroventral and (1 ♂); same locality and collector, 11. viii. 1953 (1 ♂, 1 ♀), posteroventral setae. Fore basitarsus slender. Mid femur with 25. viii. 1953 (1 ♀); Mt. Thornhill [54 ° 29 ′ N 128 ° 26 ′ W], almost complete rows of short spine-like anteroventral and near Terrace, on alpine tundra, 4300 – 5300 ', 26. vii. 1960, B. posteroventral setae (absent near base). Mid tibia with about Heming (1 ♂, 12 ♀♀); same locality and collector, 29. vii. 1960 twice shorter setae dorsally; hind tibia slender and straight. (3 ♂♂), 8. viii. 1960 (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀), 20. vii. 1960 (1 ♀); same locality, Hind basitarsus slender. Abdominal segments 1 – 6 paler in 26. vii. 1960, C. H. Mann (1 ♂); same locality, 29. vii. 1960, ground colour, rather yellowish brown translucent, light grey W. R. Richards (1 ♂); Mt. Allard [49 ° 32 ′ N 121 ° 24 ′ W], 23 pruinose, segments 7 and 8 somewhat darker, brownish; mi. N of Terrace, 3500 ft., treeline open clearings in hemlock covered with short setae. Cercus brownish, long, slender, with fir, 28. vi. 1960, J. G. Chillcott (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Summit Lake scattered minute setulae. [54 ° 15 ′ N 122 ° 38 ′ W], Mi 392 Alaska Hwy, 4500 ft, 1. vii. 1959,	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7878B62BF85BA536FC21F8B7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. USA (Alabama). R. E. Leech (1 ♀). Newfoundland and Labrador: Cartwright [53 ° 42 ′ N 57 ° 01 ′ W], 11. vii. 1955, E. E. Sterns (1 ♂). Empis (Anacrostichus) lucida Zetterstedt, 1838 Northwest Territories: Salmita Mines, 64 ° 05 ′ N 111 ° 15 ′ W, Fig. 13. 1. vii. 1953, J. G. Chillcott (1 ♂). Quebec: Port Harrison [now Inukjuak, 58 ° 27 ′ N 78 ° 06 ′ W], 18. vii. 1949, P. J. Lachaine Empis lucida Zetterstedt, 1838: 561. Type locality (by lectotype (1 ♂); Knob Lake, 54 ° 47 ′ N – 66 ° 47 ′ W, 16. vii. 1948, E. G. Munroe designation): Sweden, Jukkasjärvi [Chvála, 1994: 51]. (1 ♂); Mt. Albert [48 ° 55 ′ N 66 ° 11 ′ W], 1. vii. 1954, G. P. Holland Empis laevigata Loew, 1864: 75 (♂) [Cent. 5, no. 49]. Type (1 ♂); Great Whale River [55 ° 15 ′ N 77 ° 47 ′ W], 18. vii. 1949, locality: USA, New Hampshire. syn. n. J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♂). Yukon: La Force L., 132 ° 20 ′ N, 62 ° 41 ′ W, Empis fumida Coquillett, 1900: 409 (♂ and ♀) (1904: 23). Type 3300 ft., 5. vii. 1960, J. E. H. Martin (1 ♂); same locality and locality: USA, Alaska. collector, 10. vii. 1960 (1 ♀); Otter Lake, 130 ° 25 ′ N, 62 ° 30 ' W, Empis browni Curran, 1931: 93 (♂ and ♀). Type locality: Canada, 4000 ft, 15. vii. 60, J. E. H. Martin, IDEMA illustration (1 Quebec, Harrington Harbor. ♂, terminalia dissected and attached in microvial). USA. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Empis laevigata: This Alaska: Nome [64 ° 30 ′ N 165 ° 24 ′ W], 15. vi. 1951, D. P. species is known by the holotype (male) only. The photos of Whillans (1 ♂); Unalakleet [63 ° 52 ′ N 160 ° 47 ′ W], 20. vi. 1960, its labels and habitus are available on the site of the Museum B. S. Heming (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀); Torquoise Lake, 60 ° 48 ′ N 154 ° W, of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, USA: https: // mczbase. vi – vii. 1997, P. S. Tomkovich (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, ZMMU). New mcz. harvard. edu / name / Empis + laevigata. The specimen is in Hampshire: Mt. Washington [44 ° 16 ′ N 71 ° 18 ′ W], 17. vii. 1929, very good condition to be correctly recognised. G. S. Walley (1 ♂). Empis browni: Holotype, ♂ labelled: Harrington Harb. / REMARKS. Empis lucida was redescribed by Collin Que. [= Quebec, Canada] 2. VIII 1929 / W. J. Brown // Holotype [1961: 489] and Chvála [1994: 50]. Main differences of this / Empis / browni / Curran / CNC number 3408 [red] // Type / species from other North American species of Anacrostichus 338 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus Fig. 13. Empis (Anacrostichus) lucida Zetterstedt, 1838, male, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar is 1 mm. Рис. 13. Empis (Anacrostichus) lucida Zetterstedt, 1838, самец, габитус, вид сбоку. Масштаб 1 мм. are indicated in the key. Empis fumida and E. browni were synonymised by Shamshev [2016]. As E. browni, E. lucida was illustrated in Manual of Nearctic Diptera [Steyskal, Knutson, 1981: 607, fig. 47.1; 629, fig. 47.52] and Manual of Central American Diptera [Cumming, Sinclair, 2009: 653, fig. 48.1]. This species is somewhat variable by some characters. For example, the mesoscutal shiny vittae sometimes are coalescent posteriorly, the frons of the female varies from mostly shiny (usual condition) to entirely pruinose. DISTRIBUTION. Holarctic. Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Quebec, Yukon). USA (Alaska, New Hampshire). Empis lucida is a widespread transcontinental species both in Eurasia and in North America. In North America, this species is distributed primarily across the low arctic but also was recorded in some boreal regions (often higher in mountains).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7874B629F8A7A044FDA2FC6F.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA. Ontario: Waubamik, Jne’ 15, H. S. Parish // Empis pallida Loew (1 ♂, OUMNH).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7874B629F8A7A044FDA2FC6F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Mid-sized (body about 4.5 mm) species with yellow body and legs; male eyes dichoptic; mesoscutum without acrostichal setae; hind femur slender, hind tibia and (besides circlet of subapicals). Fore tarsus with rather long hind basitarsus with numerous long, fine setae dorsally; setulae; basitarsus somewhat thickened. Mid femur with rows abdomen with fine, yellow setae. of anteroventral and longer posteroventral spine-like setae.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7874B629F8A7A044FDA2FC6F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body length about 4.5 mm, wing 5.0 mm. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta. Mid tarsus with rather long Male. Body entirely yellow to reddish yellow. Head with setulae. Hind femur clothed in rather long setulae; bearing frons, face (except lower margin), ocellar triangle, occiput and spine-like ventral setae, especially in subapical part. Hind tibia postgena densely light grey pruinose; setation mostly black, bearing long, dorsal, fine setae (longer in subapical part). Hind postgena with pale setae. Eyes dichoptic, with ommatidia tarsomeres with long, dorsal, fine setae (especially basitarsus). equally small. Frons below ocellar triangle nearly 1.5 times Wing long; membrane hyaline; veins yellowish; basal broader than anterior ocellus; with scattered marginal setulae. costal seta absent. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision Face broader than frons, bare. Ocellar setae short. Occiput with obtuse but only slightly more 90 °. Squama yellow, pale moderately long postoculars and row of similar setae on upper fringed. Halter yellow. part; postgena with hair-like setae. Antenna with scape and Abdomen with yellow, fine setae. Tergite 5 and sternite 5 pedicel yellow, postpedicel (except yellow base) and stylus with unmodified structure and vestiture. Postabdomen (Fig. 14): brown; scape nearly 2 X longer than postpedicel, both with segments 6 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 bent scattered short setae; postpedicel nearly 4 X longer than basal downwards, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to width. Proboscis with labrum nearly 1.5 X longer than head ventral position relative to body plane. Tergite 6 asymmetrical; height. Palpus yellow, with scattered black setulae. slightly narrower than tergite 5; with small excavation at Thorax subshiny, faintly pruinose, mostly black setose. posterior corner. Sternite 6 invisible in situ, small, entire, Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with 1 black and 3 yellow fine subrectangular (ventral view), convex mid-anteriorly, weakly setae on lower part, bare on upper part. Pronotum with 6 strong sclerotised, bare. Tergite 7 slightly asymmetrical; narrower black setae on each side. Postpronotal lobe with 1 moderately and shorter than tergite 6, with small, lateral tubercle. Sternite long inclinate and 2 short setae. Mesonotal setae: acrostichals 7 symmetrical, entire, subrectangular; with small, blackish, absent; dorsocentrals uniserial, fine, moderately long, 1 lateral tubercle posteriorly; bearing few moderately long prescutellar pair longer; 1 presutural supra-alar, 2 notopleurals, setae laterally. Segment 8 funnel-like, with entirely separated 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 2 scutellars. Laterotergite tergite and sternite; tergite 8 long, nearly as long as tergite 7, with black setae. Spiracles yellow. undivided; deeply, narrowly concave anteriorly, with straight Legs very long, slender; almost entirely yellow (including posterior margin; sternite 8 rather subtriangular in lateral view, coxae), tarsomeres 1 – 4 brownish apically, tarsomere 5 entirely only slightly longer than tergite 8, with simple structure and brown. All femora without whitish pilosity ventrally. Fore vestiture. femur with 4 – 5 anteroventral and 4 – 5 posteroventral spine- Terminalia (Figs 14, 15) moderately large. Epandrium like setae near apex. Fore tibia without prominent setae entirely divided (epandrial bridge absent); epandrial lamella Figs 14, 15. Empis (Anacrostichus) pallida Loew, 1861, male: 14 — postabdomen, lateral view; 15 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted). Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; T — tergite; S — sternite. Scale bar is 0.1 mm. Рис. 14, 15. Empis (Anacrostichus) pallida Loew, 1861, самец: 14 — постабдомен, вид сбоку; 15 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не укаЗаны). СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; T — тергит; S — стернит. Масштаб 0,1 мм. 340 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus rather subtriangular (Fig. 15), apex more or less rounded; with moderately long setae more numerous along lower margin. Hypandrium reduced, very narrow, subrectangular viewed laterally, broadly attached to epandrial lamella, fused with base of phallus, bare; gonocoxal apodeme large, subovate, extending slightly beyond middle of ejaculatory apodeme. Subepandrial sclerite broadly divided medially into two bacilliform sclerites. Cerci separated with each other, partly fused to epandrial lamella; cercus very deeply concave dorsally forming two narrowly connected lobes (lateral view); anterior cercal lobe very narrow, bacilliform; posterior cercal lobe fused to epandrial lamella, broader than anterior lobe, elongate oval viewed laterally, with apex somewhat upturned. Hypoproct weakly sclerotised, bare. Phallus moderately long, gently arched; thickened on about basal third (lateral view), slender on remaining portion (thickened portion well visible in situ). Ejaculatory apodeme large, extended far beyond basal curvature of phallus, with small lateral wings. Female. Unknown.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7874B629F8A7A044FDA2FC6F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS. Empis pallida is the only described species of Anacrostichus with yellow body. Melander [1928] placed E. pallida in the subgenus Xanthempis. Indeed, this species resembles E. scutellata Curtis, 1835. The habitus of E. pallida is the same as Empis (Anacrostichus) sp. 1 (Figs 44, 45).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7874B629F8A7A044FDA2FC6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Canada (Ontario). USA (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7876B62FFBC6A313FCC4FC1B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Popof Island, Alaska, July 9 ’ 99 // Harriman Expedition ’ 99 // Empis pellucida Coq. // Paratype (1 ♂, OUMNH). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA. British Columbia: Eureka Mt. [50 ° 4 ′ N 118 ° 23 ' W] 6000 ’ Monashee, 22. vii. 1955, G. P. Holland (1 ♂); Moosehorn Lake [58 ° 9 ′ N 132 ° 7 ′ W], 4500 ’, 58 ° 10 ′ N 132 ° 07 ′ W, heath tundra Potentilla meadows, 28. vii. 1960, W. W. Moss (1 ♀); 32 mi. S. W. of Terrace [~ 54 ° 30 ′ N 128 ° 35 ′ W], flowers of Heracleum, 6. vi. 1960, G. E. Shewell (1 ♀). USA. Alaska: Anchorage [61 ° 13 ′ N 149 ° 54 ′ W], 3. vii. 1951, R. S. Bigelow (1 ♂).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7876B62FFBC6A313FCC4FC1B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Mid-sized (body about 6 mm) species; male eyes dichoptic, frons shiny; palpus yellow; mesoscutum extensively shiny, acrostichal setae present; legs entirely dark brown; wing membrane hyaline; abdomen almost entirely shiny; male abdominal sternite 5 with large projection bearing lateral clusters of numerous, long, strong setae.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7876B62FFBC6A313FCC4FC1B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body and wing length about 6 mm. Male (Fig. 16). Head capsule regions black, mostly faintly greyish pruinose; frons mostly shiny, face shiny along lower margin, clypeus entirely shiny. Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons nearly as broad as distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli, with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae fine, moderately long. Occiput covered with black, moderately long, strong setae; postgena with pale, long, hair-like setae. Antenna black; scape nearly 2 X longer than subglobular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel nearly 3.5 X as long as its basal width; stylus very short, nearly as long as postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum mostly brownish yellow, brownish near base; nearly 1.5 X longer than eye height; palpus short, yellow; with fine, black setae. Thorax mostly black, only postalar tubercle yellowish translucent; mostly faintly greyish pruinose; mesoscutum extensively shiny (lateral margins, notopleuron, prescutellar depression and scutellum pruinose), virtually with 4 shiny vittae but lateral and medial vittae mostly coalescent leaving only narrow space of pruinosity along rows of acrostichal setae (dorsocentral setae partly situated on shiny space). Prosternum bare. Proepisternum on lower part (upper part bare), antepronotum and postpronotal lobe with similar, black, fine, moderately long setae; postpronotal seta undifferentiated. Mesonotal setae black: acrostichals short, fine, scattered, irregularly biserial, absent on prescutellar depression; presutural dorsocentrals similar to acrostichals, postsutural dorsocentrals uniserial, longer, 1 pair of prescutellars longest; 1 moderately long, weak presutural supra-alar (with additional finer setae); 3 – 4 notopleurals (sometimes different number on right and left sides), 1 postsutural supra-alar (with 1 – 2 additional shorter and finer setae), 1 postalar, 4 – 6 scutellars; in addition, fine setulae present just behind postpronotal lobe and on notopleural depression anteriorly. Laterotergite with numerous setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles rather yellowish brown. Legs long, slender; entirely dark brown and black setose; coxae densely greyish pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny. Femora without whitish ventral pubescence. Fore femur with mostly minute anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Mid and hind femora with similar armature, including complete rows of short, strong anteroventral and posteroventral setae as well as numerous spinule-like setulae along ventral face; hind femur slightly thickened, nearly 1.5 X broader than mid femur. All tibiae slender, with very reduced setation (including setulae); fore tibia with 2 – 3 hardly distinguishable anterodorsal setae; mid tibia with 1 – 2 similar anterodorsal and 2 longer, stronger posterodorsal setae; hind tibia with row of 4 – 5 short posterodorsals, without seta in posteroapical comb. All tarsomeres slender; basitarsi with short, spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Wing membrane hyaline; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins yellowish brown, well sclerotized. Veins R 5 and M 1 slightly divergent towards wing margin; radial fork acute; CuA + CuP (anal vein) complete; cell dm somewhat elongate, with strongly elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 nearly 1.7 X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish yellow. Basal costal seta present, moderately long. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, brownish fringed. Halter yellow. Abdomen black, almost entirely shiny, black setose; tergite 1 entirely, tergites 2 – 6 narrowly anteriorly, most part of tergite 7 (except anterior margin), sternite 5 (except projection) faintly greyish pruinose. Tergites 1 – 4 with scattered short setae longer on tergites 1 – 3 laterally; tergites 5 – 7 with scattered setulae. Postabdomen (Fig. 17): segments 5 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 somewhat bent downward, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body axis. Tergite 5 with somewhat concave lateral margin posteriorly; small excavation on slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 5 with large rounded projection bearing two clusters of dense, long, strong setae on apex and with two small, closely set, bare posteromarginal projections. Tergite 6 slightly asymmetrical, somewhat narrower than tergite 5; with small tubercle in posterior lateral corner. Sternite 6 invisible in situ (hidden by sternite 5), strongly reduced; represented by small, weakly sclerotised sclerite anteriorly; bare. Tergite 7 narrower and nearly 2 X shorter than tergite 6, with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation. Sternite 7 asymmetrical, with few setulae laterally; divided by broad median membranous space into two portions narrowly connected laterally; anterior portion larger, deflected downwards (in situ appressed to virtual space of sternite 6), with small, weaker sclerotised median and two larger, stronger sclerotised lateral projections (lateral Terminalia (Fig. 17 – 19) moderately large; epandrial lamella projections asymmetrical); posterior portion represented by brown, shiny; cercus yellowish brownish, subshiny; hypandrium two subtriangular, asymmetrical sclerites narrowly separated yellowish brown; phallus brownish yellow. Epandrium entirely medially. Segment 8 funnel-like, with entirely separated tergite narrowly divided (epandrial bridge absent); epandrial lamella and sternite (lateral view). Tergite 8 long, slightly longer than rather subrectangular, slightly produced posteriorly (Fig. 18); tergite 7, undivided, somewhat concave anteriorly and deflected with scattered setulae. Hypandrium separated from epandrium; posteriorly. Sternite 8 subtriangular in lateral view; slightly entirely sclerotised; subtriangular (ventral view), with small notch longer than tergite 8; with simple structure and vestiture. on apex; bare; gonocoxal apodeme small. Subepandrial sclerite Figs 16 – 20. Empis (Anacrostichus) pellucida Coquillett, 1900: 16 – 19 — male: 16 — habitus, lateral view; 17 — postabdomen, lateral view; 18 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted); 19 — phallus, lateral view. 20 — female, habitus, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; ph pl — phallic plate; T — tergite; S — sternite. Scale bars: 16, 20 — 1 mm; 17 – 19 — 0.1 mm. Рис. 16 – 20. Empis (Anacrostichus) pellucida Coquillett, 1900: 16 – 19 — самец: 16 — габитус, вид сбоку; 17 — постабдомен, вид сбоку; 18 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не покаЗаны); 19 — фаллус, вид сбоку. 20 — самка, габитус, вид сбоку. СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; ph pl — пластина фаллуса; T — тергит; S — стернит. Масштаб: 16, 20 — 1 мм; 17 – 19 — 0,1 мм. 342 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus undivided. Cerci separated with each other and epandrium; cercus small, narrow, rather subrectangular (lateral view), produced downwards posteriorly, posterior margin extending nearly to apex of epandrial lamella; undivided, with smoothed inner margin; covered with simple dark setulae, bearing scattered setulae on inner surface. Hypoproct membraneous, bare. Phallus (Fig. 19) hidden; gently arched; thickened on about basal 1 / 2, uniformly slender on remaining portion (lateral view). Ejaculatory apodeme moderately large, extended far beyond basal curvature of phallus, with lateral wings. Female (Fig. 20). Similar to male except as follows. Head and thorax generally with shorter setation. Legs without pennate setae; tibiae with more distinct setae; hind femur slightly narrower. Abdomen shiny, only tergite 1 and tergite 2 along anterior margin faintly pruinose; with shorter setae. Cercus long, slender; with scattered setulae.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7876B62FFBC6A313FCC4FC1B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS. Empis pellucida is very similar to the Palaearctic E. longipennis Loew, 1868 known from the Eastern Siberia [Shamshev, 2016]. Empis longipennis differs from E. pellucida by brown palpi, entirely brown legs (including knees) and almost entirely shiny mesoscutum (except notopleuron).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7876B62FFBC6A313FCC4FC1B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Canada (British Columbia), USA (Alaska).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7870B62DFBC3A4A8FB86FE80.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA. New Brunswick: Lower Southampton, York Co. // Empis scoparia Coq. det. G. E. Shewell ’ 47 (1 ♂). Alberta: [no data], C. E. Yauch (1 ♂).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7870B62DFBC3A4A8FB86FE80.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Mid-sized species (body about 6 mm); male eyes dichoptic, frons shiny; palpus brownish yellow; mesoscutum extensively shiny, acrostichal setae present; femora and tibiae yellow; abdomen extensively shiny; male abdominal sternite 5 with large, rounded projection bearing long, strong setae, sternite 8 strongly produced downwards.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7870B62DFBC3A4A8FB86FE80.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body length about 6 mm, wing 6.8 mm. Male. Head with ocellar triangle, occiput, postgena and gena faintly greyish pruinose; frons and face mostly shiny, clypeus entirely shiny. Eyes dichoptic, ommatidia equally small. Frons broad, with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae fine, moderately long. Occiput covered with black, moderately long, strong setae; postgena with pale, long, hair-like setae. Antenna with scape and pedicel brownish, postpedicel and stylus black; scape nearly 2 X longer than subglobular pedicel, both with short setulae; postpedicel long (nearly 4 X as long as basal width), with straight margins, its base slightly broader than pedicel; stylus very short, slightly shorter than postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum mostly brownish yellow, brownish near base; nearly 1.5 X longer than eye height; palpus short, brownish yellow; with fine, black setae. Thorax mostly black, only postalar tubercle yellowish translucent; mostly faintly greyish pruinose; mesoscutum extensively shiny leaving narrowly pruinose lateral and posterior margins. Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with numerous long, fine, yellow setae on lower part, bare on upper part. Antepronotum with numerous black, strong setae dorsally and 3 – 4 yellow, fine setae laterally. Postpronotal lobe with several moderately long, strong, black setae (1 seta slightly stronger) and a few pale setulae posteriorly. Mesonotal setae: acrostichals brownish yellow, very short, fine, scattered, 1 – 2 - serial; presutural dorsocentrals similar to acrostichals, arranged in 2 irregular rows, postsutural dorsocentrals longer, 1 pair of prescutellars black, strong, nearly as long as scutellars; 1 short, weak presutural supra-alar; 4 – 5 notopleurals, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 4 scutellars (apical pair slightly longer); in addition, fine brownish setulae present on notopleural depression anteriorly. Laterotergite with intermixed brownish and yellow setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles brown. Legs with coxae and trochanters brown, femora and tibiae yellow, tarsi brown (except yellow base of basitarsus). Fore femur mostly with minute anteroventral and posteroventral setae, somewhat longer and stronger setae only near apex. Fore tibia with short, inconspicuous, dorsal setae. Mid femur with almost complete rows of equally short, spine-like setae (absent near base). Mid tibia with 2 – 3 short strong anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae. Hind femur rather slender, only slightly broader than mid femur; with complete rows of short spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae; dense spinule-like setulae over ventral face; 2 short spine-like setae near apex anteriorly. Hind tibia slender, with 4 – 5 short strong anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; covered with erect setulae ventrally; no seta in posteroapical comb. Fore and hind basitarsi slender, with short setae. Wing membrane very faintly infuscate or hyaline; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins brownish to yellowish brown, well sclerotized. Veins R 5 and M 1 slightly divergent towards wing margin; radial fork acute; CuA + CuP (anal vein) complete; cell dm short, with strongly elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 nearly 2.5 X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish. Basal costal seta absent. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, pale fringed. Halter yellow. Abdomen black, extensively shiny. Tergite 1 entirely densely greyish pruinose, tergites 6 and 7 mostly faintly pruinose; tergites 1 – 3 with longer intermixed brownish and pale, fine setae laterally and minute setae dorsally; remaining tergites with minute setae (somewhat longer on tergite 8). Sternite 1 bare; sternites 2 – 4 and 8 with scattered pale and brownish setulae. Postabdomen (Figs 21, 22): segments 5 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 somewhat bent downward, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body axis. Tergite 5 with somewhat concave lateral margin posteriorly; small excavation on slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 5 with very large median projection bearing two narrowly separated clusters of dense, long, strong setae on apex and two small, closely set, bare posteromarginal projections. Tergite 6 slightly asymmetrical and somewhat narrower than tergite 5; with small tubercle in posterior lateral corner. Sternite 6 invisible in situ (hidden by sternite 5), strongly reduced, represented by small, weakly sclerotised sclerite, with few setulae posteriorly. Tergite 7 narrower and nearly 2 X shorter than tergite 6; with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation; anterior margin concave. Sternite 7 asymmetrical, bare; divided by broad median membranous space into two portions narrowly connected laterally; anterior portion larger, deflected downwards, with small, median and two lateral, subglobular projections (lateral projections asymmetrical); posterior portion represented by two elongate oval, asymmetrical sclerites narrowly separated medially. Segment 8 funnel-like, with entirely separated tergite and sternite (lateral view). Tergite 8 long, nearly as long as tergite 7, undivided, somewhat concave anteriorly and deflected posteriorly. Sternite 8 rather subtriangular in lateral view, slightly longer than tergite 8; strongly produced downwards; with simple vestiture. Terminalia (Figs 21 – 24) moderately large; epandrial lamella brown, shiny; cercus brownish yellow, subshiny; hypandrium brownish on basal part and brownish yellow on apical part; phallus yellow. Epandrium entirely narrowly divided (epandrial Figs 21 – 24. Empis (Anacrostichus) scoparia Coquillett, 1903, male: 21 — postabdomen, lateral view; 22 — outline of postabdomen, lateral view; 23 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted); 19 — phallus, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; ph pl — phallic plate; T — tergite; S — sternite. Scale bar is 0.1 mm. Рис. 21 – 24. Empis (Anacrostichus) scoparia Coquillett, 1903, самец: 21 — постабдомен, вид сбоку; 22 — строение постабдомена, вид сбоку; 23 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не покаЗаны); 19 — фаллус, вид сбоку. СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; ph pl — пластина фаллуса; T — тергит; S — стернит. Масштаб 0,1 мм. bridge absent); epandrial lamella rather subrectangular (Fig. 23); portion (lateral view). Ejaculatory apodeme moderately large, with scattered setulae. Hypandrium separated from epandrium; extended far beyond basal curvature of phallus, with small entirely sclerotised; subtriangular (ventral view), short, lateral wings. with small notch on apex; bare; gonocoxal apodeme small. Female. Unknown. Subepandrial sclerite undivided. Cerci separated with each other REMARKS. Empis scoparia is a unique species of and epandrium; cercus small, narrow, rather subrectangular Anacrostichus by the structure of the abdominal sternite 8 of (lateral view), produced downwards posteriorly, posterior the male. margin extending nearly to apex of epandrial lamella; undivided, DISTRIBUTION. Canada (Alberta, New Brunswick), with smoothed inner margin; covered with simple dark USA (New Hampshire). setulae, bearing scattered setulae on inner surface. Hypoproct membraneous, bare. Phallus (Fig. 24) hidden; gently arched; thickened on about basal 1 / 2, uniformly slender on remaining 344 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7872B633FBDBA645FD51FC30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype, ♂ labelled: BC. [= British Columbia, Canada] // Bear Mt. / 6. v. 20 [no collector name] (CNC). Paratype. [hand-written label, locality illegible] May 8.21. W. K. C. (1 ♂, CNC).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7872B633FBDBA645FD51FC30.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Rather large species (body about 7 mm); male eyes nearly holoptic; mesoscutum brownish grey pruinose, with 4 brown vittae; acrostichal setae absent; legs with femora and tibiae extensively yellow, fore and mid tibiae with dense, long setae anterodorsally and posterodorsally. Male: abdominal sternite 5 convex medially, bearing two lateral clusters of short strong setae and two short posteromarginal projections.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7872B633FBDBA645FD51FC30.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body length 6.7 mm, wing length 7 mm (holotype). Male (Fig. 25). Head capsule regions mostly densely, greyish pruinose, black setose; face with shiny upper margin, clypeus almost entirely shiny. Eyes almost touching on frons, upper ommatidia slightly larger. Frons represented by very small subtriangular space just below ocellar triangle and larger space above antennae; with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae undifferentiated; several equally short, fine setae present. Occiput covered with long, dense setae (including postoculars); postgena with longer, finer setae. Antenna black; scape nearly 2 X longer than subglobular pedicel, both with moderately long setulae; postpedicel nearly 4 X as long as basal width; stylus very short, nearly as long as postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum brownish yellow, brown near base; nearly 1.5 X longer than eye height; palpus short, brownish yellow; with long, fine, black setae. Thorax black, mostly densely greyish pruinose; black setose; mesoscutum brownish grey pruinose, with 4 brown vittae (dorsal view) (Fig. 26). Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with numerous long, fine setae on lower part and 2 – 3 similar setae on upper part. Antepronotum with short setae dorsally and long, fine setae laterally. Postpronotal seta undifferentiated (in holotype) or barely differentiated (in paratype); lobe covered with numerous, moderately long, fine setae. Mesonotal setae (number, position and robustness very variable): acrostichals absent; presutural dorsocentrals arranged in 3 irregular rows, short, fine, postsutural dorsocentrals becoming longer and somewhat broader spread towards scutellum, 2 – 3 strongest prescutellars; 1 moderately long presutural supra-alar (with numerous additional fine setae); 5 – 8 notopleurals, 2 – 3 postsutural supra-alars (with additional fine setae), 1 – 2 strong and several short fine postalars, 12 – 14 scutellars (different lengths and robustness, sometimes different number on right and left sides); in addition, numerous short, fine setae present on notopleural depression. Laterotergite with numerous setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles brownish yellow. Legs long, slender, black setose. Coxae greyish pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny. Coxae and trochanters with simple setae. Femora without whitish ventral pubescence. Legs colour: coxae and trochanters brownish to yellowish brown; femora almost entirely yellow, only extreme apex (including “ knees ”) brownish; tibiae mostly yellow, narrowly brownish at apex; basitarsus of all legs mostly brownish yellow to yellow (brown apically), remaining tarsomeres brown. Fore femur clothed with long, mostly fine setae (longer posteroventrally and posteriorly; slightly stronger closer to apex). Fore tibia with numerous, long, mixed fine and strong setae anterodorsally and similar, longer setae posterodorsally and posteriorly. Fore basitarsus thickened; with moderately long, fine setae posterodorsally and posteriorly; bearing scattered, spinule-like setae ventrally. Mid femur with numerous moderately long, strong, irregularly arranged setae on about apical 2 / 3 (longest setae only slightly longer than femur width); longer and somewhat finer setae on about basal 1 / 3; spine-like setae on ventral face. Mid tibia mostly with similar setation to fore tibia; bearing spinule-like setae ventrally. Mid basitarsus with spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Hind femur only slightly broader than mid femur; bearing several moderately long setae anterodorsally and anteriorly closer to apex; mostly moderately long setae anteroventrally (stronger near apex; longer and finer near base); mostly minute setae posteroventrally and posteriorly (long, fine near extreme base); spinule-like and simple setulae on ventral face. Hind tibia simple; slightly, gently thickened towards apex; bearing dense, long setae anterodorsally and posterodorsally; simple setulae ventrally; very short seta in posteroapical comb. Hind basitarsus slender, with 2 – 3 long, fine anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Wing membrane brownish infuscate; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins brownish, well sclerotized. Veins R 5 and M 1 almost parallel near wing margin; radial fork acute; CuA + CuP (anal vein) complete; cell dm short, with elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 nearly 3 X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish. One – two short, basal costal seta (e). Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, with brownish margin, black fringed. Halter yellow. Abdomen dark brown, black setose. Tergites 1 – 5 extensively shiny, narrowly greyish pruinose laterally (broader on tergite 5), tergites 6 – 8 mostly densely greyish pruinose (tergite 6 with shiny antero-lateral spot); tergites 1 – 4 with numerous long, mixed fine and strong setae laterally and scattered setulae dorsally (posteromarginal setae hardly distinguishable), tergite 5 with short fine setae, tergites 6 – 7 with scattered setulae, tergite 8 with moderately long fine setae. Sternites 1 – 5 densely greyish pruinose, sternite 8 subshiny laterally and greyish pruinose medially; sternites 1 – 4 and 8 with long setae. Postabdomen: segments 5 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 bent downwards, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body plane. Tergite 5 with somewhat concave lateral margin. Sternite 5 convex medially; bearing two sublateral clusters of moderately long, strong, black setae and two short, digitiform posterior projections. Tergite 6 slightly asymmetrical; somewhat narrower than tergite 5, with small, rounded antero-lateral tubercle and small posteromarginal lateral projection. Sternite 6 invisible in situ, partly retracted into sternite 5, strongly reduced, bare. Tergite 7 slightly asymmetrical; narrower and 2.5 – 3 X shorter than tergite 6; with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation. Sternite 7 asymmetrical, with few short setae laterally; deeply concave laterally forming two portions broadly separated by membraneous space ventrally; anterior portion (mostly invisible in situ) asymmetrical, including free, strongly sclerotised, small sclerite anteriorly and larger sclerite posteriorly; posterior portion represented by small, weakly sclerotised, lateral subtriangular sclerite. Segment 8 funnel-like, narrowed anteriorly, with entirely separated tergite and sternite; tergite 8 long, nearly as long as tergite 7, undivided, somewhat deflected posteriorly; sternite 8 subtriangular in lateral view, somewhat longer than tergite 8, with simple structure and vestiture. Terminalia (Fig. 27, 28) moderately large, black setose; epandrium mostly brownish, yellowish brown along lower margin, with long setae closer to lower margin; hypandrium with brown basal portion and brownish yellow apical projections, bearing long setae; cercus brown, with simple setulae; phallus brownish yellow. Epandrium entirely divided medially. Cerci separated with each other and from epandrium; (epandrial bridge absent); epandrial lamella rather subtriangular cercus small, rather subrectangular (lateral view), slightly (lateral view), with broadly rounded apex, bearing long setae broadened posteriorly, with posterior margin extending nearly more numerous closer to lower margin. Hypandrium (Fig. 28) to apex of epandrial lamella; undivided, with smoothed inner separated from epandrium; entirely sclerotised; very prolonged margin; covered with simple dark setulae, bearing scattered and deeply concave posteriorly forming two broad lobes erect setulae on inner surface. Hypoproct weakly sclerotised, excised at apex; bearing numerous strong setae near base; bare. Phallus almost entirely hidden, gently arched; nearly gonocoxal apodeme small. Subepandrial sclerite separated basal 1 / 3 very thick (lateral view), remaining portion slender. Figs 25 – 28. Empis (Anacrostichus) spaetensis Shamshev, sp. n., male: 25 — habitus, holotype, lateral view; 26 — habitus, holotype, dorsal view; 27 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted); 28 — hypandrium, ventral view. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus. Рис. 25 – 28. Empis (Anacrostichus) spaetensis Shamshev, sp. n., самец: 25 — габитус, голотип, вид сбоку; 26 — тоЖе, вид сверху; 27 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не покаЗаны); 28 — гипандрий, вид сниЗу. СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус. 346 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus Ejaculatory apodeme moderately large, extended far beyond basal curvature of phallus, with lateral wings. Female. Unknown. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. Within the key to the North American species of Empis compiled by Coquillett [1895], the new species would run to E. tenebrosa Coquillett, 1895 and E. spectabilis Loew, 1862. Empis tenebrosa (USA: Colorado, Texas) remains known after an original description only and its subgeneric position is unclear. The new species differs from E. tenebrosa primarily by entirely black antenna (versus scape and postpedicel reddish) and extensively shiny abdominal tergites 1 – 5 (versus pollinose). Empis spectabilis belongs to Anacrostichus. This species has densely pruinose abdomen and incrassate hind femora (see below). Within the key provided by Melander [1902], the new species would run to the couplet 56 (2 or 4 scutellar setae). However, the new species has 12 – 14 scutellar setae.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7872B633FBDBA645FD51FC30.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. The epithet refers to the type locality of the new species (Bear Mountain, British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Canada) that is a traditional mountain area in shared Coast Salish territories. In the Salishan language, “ spaet ” means “ bear ”.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7872B633FBDBA645FD51FC30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Canada (British Columbia).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F786CB637FA35A4C3FB86FE80.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. USA. Virginia: Falls Church, iv 30 Va, C. T. Greene Collector, Empis spectabilis Lw. (2 ♂♂, OUMNH). Maryland: Cabin John, 28. iv. 1927, J. M. Aldrich Coll (1 ♂, OUMNH). Tennessee: Sevier Co. GSMNP, Twin Cks, MT 35 ° 41.10 ′ N 83 ° 29.94 ′ W, 29. iii. – 15. iv. 1999, Parker, Stocks, Petersen (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, CNC).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F786CB637FA35A4C3FB86FE80.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Rather large, robust species (body about 7 mm) with densely greyish pruinose thorax and abdomen; male eyes nearly holoptic; mesoscutum with indistinct vittae, acrostichal setae absent; legs almost entirely yellow, strongly spine-like setose, hind femur thickened. Male: mid femur near base with tubercle covered with spine-like setae; tergite 6 with yellow, shiny, antero-lateral spot. Female: segments 7 – 8 yellowish.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F786CB637FA35A4C3FB86FE80.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body length about 7 mm, wing 7.4 mm. Male (Fig. 29). Head capsule regions densely, light grey pruinose, black setose; face with narrow, subtriangular, shiny spot on lower margin, clypeus narrowly shiny along upper margin, ocellar triangle subshiny around ocelli. Eyes almost touching before middle of frons, ommatidia of equal size. Frons on narrowest portion narrower than anterior ocellus, slightly broadened just below ocellar triangle, strongly broadening towards antennae beyond middle; with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae short, fine. Postocular setae fine, very short on upper part, longer laterally; occiput with numerous long setae. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellowish brown, postpedicel and stylus black; scape nearly 2.5 X longer than subglobular pedicel, with rather long setulae, pedicel with short setulae; postpedicel long (nearly 4 X as long as basal width), with straight margins; stylus very short, nearly as long as postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum mostly yellow, brownish yellow near apex; nearly 1.5 X longer than eye height; palpus short, yellow; with long, fine, black setae. Thorax mostly black, postpronotal lobe, postalar tubercle and meron narrowly anteriorly yellowish translucent; mostly densely greyish pruinose; black setose; mesoscutum with 4 dark, indistinct, narrow vittae (dorsal view). Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with numerous long, fine setae on lower part and 3 – 5 similar setae on upper part. Antepronotum with numerous strong, short setae dorsally and fine, long setae laterally. Postpronotal seta present or undifferentiated; lobe covered with short to moderately long fine setae. Mesonotal setae: acrostichals absent; presutural dorsocentrals rather long, fine, arranged in 3 – 4 irregular rows, postsutural dorsocentrals irregularly biserial, setae of inner row somewhat inclinate, becoming longer towards scutellum, 2 – 3 prescutellars strongest; 1 weak presutural supra-alar (with additional shorter setae; sometimes inconspicuous or of different robustness on right and left sides); usually 4 notopleurals (sometimes 5), 2 – 3 postsutural supra-alars (with additional fine and shorter setae), 1 postalar, usually 6 scutellars (with some number of additional short, fine setae; sometimes 4 strong setae or different number on right and left sides); in addition, some setulae present on notopleural depression anteriorly. Laterotergite with numerous setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale yellow. Legs robust; almost entirely yellow, only coxae near extreme base, tarsomeres 1 – 4 on apex and entire tarsomere 5 darkened. Coxae faintly pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny. Coxae and trochanters with simple setae. Fore femur with row of long, strong anteroventral setae on about apical 2 / 3 to 1 / 2 and fine setae on remaining basal portion; row of short, strong posteroventral setae on about apical 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 and minute posteroventral setae on remaining basal portion. Fore tibia with rows of 5 – 6 short strong anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; 1 – 2 similar posteroventral setae on middle part. Fore basitarsus slightly thickened, not broader than fore tibia on apex; with 1 short, weak anterodorsal and 1 similar posterodorsal setae on about middle; 4 – 5 very short, fine anteroventral setae. Mid femur (Fig. 30) near base with ventral tubercle covered spinules; bearing row of moderately long anterodorsal setae and similar setae anteriorly; numerous spine-like setae anteroventrally and row of similar posteroventral setae. Mid tibia with 5 – 6 strong, moderately long anterodorsal and 5 – 6 similar posterodorsal setae; complete rows of numerous, short, spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Mid basitarsus with spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Hind femur (Fig. 30) strongly thickened on about apical 2 / 3; with numerous strong setae anterodorsally and anteriorly on thickened part; numerous spine-like setae along entire anteroventral surface (somewhat denser closer to apex), similar setae on about apical half ventrally and posteroventrally. Hind tibia slightly geniculate and thickened; with numerous anterodorsal and posterodorsal, moderately long setae; covered with simple, greatly reduced setulae ventrally; 1 short seta in posteroapical comb. Hind basitarsus slender; with 2 – 3 fine, moderately long anterodorsal and 2 – 3 posterodorsal setae; spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Wing membrane brownish infuscate; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins mostly brownish (costa between base and margin of pterostigma, Sc and R 1 yellowish), well sclerotized. Veins R 5 and M 1 slightly divergent near wing margin; radial fork acute; CuA + CuP (anal vein) complete; cell dm short, with strongly elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 nearly 3 X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish. Two basal costal setae (anterior seta longer). Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, dark fringed. Halter yellow. Abdomen brownish in ground-colour, tergites 6 – 7 and sternites somewhat yellowish translucent; almost entirely greyish pruinose, tergite 6 with shiny spot anterolaterally; black setose. Tergites 2 – 5 with scattered setulae dorsally and long setae laterally (including strong posteromarginals); tergites 6 – 7 Figs 29 – 32. Empis (Anacrostichus) spectabilis Loew, 1862: 29 – 31 — male: 29 — habitus, lateral view; 30 — mid and hind legs, anterior view; 31 — postabdomen, lateral view. 32 — female, habitus, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; epand — epandrium; hypd — hypandrium; T — tergite; S — sternite. Scale bar is 1 mm. Рис. 29 – 32. Empis (Anacrostichus) spectabilis Loew, 1862: 29 – 31 — самец: 29 — габитус, вид сбоку; 30 — среднЯЯ и ЗаднЯЯ ноги, вид спереди; 31 — постабдомен, вид сбоку. 32 — самка, габитус, вид сбоку. Abbreviations: cerc — церк; epand — Эпандрий; hypd — гипандрий; T — тергит; S — стернит. Масштаб 1 мм. 348 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus Figs 33 – 35. Empis (Anacrostichus) spectabilis Loew, 1862, male: 33 — outline of postabdomen, lateral view; 34 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted); 35 — phallus, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; ph pl — phallic plate; T — tergite; S — sternite. Scale bar is 0.1 mm. Рис. 33 – 35. Empis (Anacrostichus) spectabilis Loew, 1862, самец: 33 — строение постабдомена, вид сбоку; 34 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не покаЗаны); 35 — фаллус, вид сбоку. СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; ph pl — пластина фаллуса; T — тергит; S — стернит. Масштаб 0,1 мм. with minute setulae; tergite 8 with moderately long, fine setae laterally. Sternites 1 – 4 and 8 with long, fine setae. Postabdomen (Figs 31, 33): segments 5 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 somewhat bent downwards, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body axis. Tergite 5 with somewhat concave lateral margin posteriorly; slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 5 gently rounded medially, bearing cluster of several spine-like median setae and scattered setulae laterally; with two short, digitiform, bare, posterior projections. Tergite 6 slightly asymmetrical; somewhat narrower than tergite 5; with rather large, rounded antero-lateral tubercle (shiny yellow in situ) and small posteromarginal lateral projection; weaker sclerotised on about middle laterally. Sternite 6 invisible in situ, strongly reduced, represented by small, strongly sclerotised, bare, median sclerite anteriorly (rounded anteriorly and digitiform posteriorly, partly hidden by sternite 5). Tergite 7 slightly asymmetrical; narrower and 2 – 2.5 X shorter than tergite 6; with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation. Sternite 7 asymmetrical, with scattered setulae laterally; divided by broad membranous space into two portions narrowly connected laterally; anterior portion (mostly invisible in situ) asymmetrical, strongly sclerotised, deflected downwards, including two small separated anterior sclerites and larger posterior sclerite (concave posteriorly); posterior portion represented by small, asymmetrical, weakly sclerotised, lateral sclerite. Segment 8 nearly funnel-like, with entirely separated tergite and sternite; tergite 8 rather trapezoid in lateral view, long, slightly longer than tergite 7, undivided, somewhat concave anteriorly, gently rounded posteriorly; sternite 8 nearly as long as tergite 8, with simple structure and vestiture. Terminalia (Fig. 33 – 35) rather small; epandrial lamella mostly yellow, brownish yellow along upper margin; cercus largely yellow, black along lower margin on about apical half; (lateral view), becoming gradually slenderer towards apex, hypandrium brownish yellow; phallus yellow. Epandrium short apical portion very slender; with spinules before slender entirely divided (epandrial bridge absent); epandrial lamella apical portion. Ejaculatory apodeme rather large, extended far rather subrectangular (Fig. 34), upper posterior corner beyond basal curvature of phallus, with small lateral wings. slightly produced, pointed; with rather short black setae more Female (Fig. 32). Similar to male except as follows. numerous and stronger along lower margin. Hypandrium Eyes divided by broad frons, below ocellar triangle nearly as separated from epandrium; entirely sclerotised; very broad as distance between inner margins of posterior ocelli, prolonged and deeply concave posteriorly forming two long somewhat broadening towards antennae. Body generally with subtriangular lobes; bearing numerous strong setae near base; shorter setae. Abdominal segments 7 – 8 brownish yellow; gonocoxal apodeme small. Subepandrial sclerite undivided. sternite 6 entirely divided. Cercus long, slender, with scattered Cerci separated with each other and from epandrium; cercus setulae. small, narrow, rather subtriangular (lateral view), with apex REMARKS. Habitually Empis spectabilis resembles nearly pointed, posterior margin extending nearly to apex of species of the E. (Polyblepharis) albicans group occurring epandrial lamella; undivided, with smoothed inner margin; in steppe regions of the Central Europe, the European part of covered with simple dark setulae, bearing cluster of setulae on Russia and Central Asia. inner surface. Hypoproct membraneous, bare. Phallus (Fig. 35) DISTRIBUTION. USA (Connecticut, Maryland, North mostly hidden, only slender apical portion usually extending Caroline, Tennessee, Virginia). beyond cerci; gently arched; very thick near basal curvature Fig. 36. Empis (Anacrostichus) verralli Collin, 1927, male, habitus, lateral view. Scale bar is 1 mm. Рис. 36. Empis (Anacrostichus) verralli Collin, 1927, самец, габитус, вид сбоку. Масштаб 1 мм. 350 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B637FA38A645FD9BFB0C.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. USA. Alaska: Unalakleet [63 ° 52 ′ N 160 ° 47 ′ W], 29. vi. 1961, B. S. Heming (1 ♂); same locality and collector, 23. vi. 1961 (2 ♂♂), same data: 20. vi. 1961 (7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀), 29. vi. 1961 (1 ♀), 5. vii. 1961 (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same locality, 22. vi. 1961, R. Madge (3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀), 24. vi. 1961 (1 ♀); Nome [64 ° 30 ′ N 165 ° 24 ′ W], 2. vii. 1951, D. P. Whillans (1 ♂); same locality and collector, 20. vi. 1951 (1 ♂), 15. vi. 1951 (1 ♂), 6. vi. 1951 (1 ♂), 18. vi. 1951 (3 ♂♂), 19. vi. 1951 (4 ♂♂), 12. vi. 1951 (18 ♂♂, 1 ♀); Naknek [58 ° 43 ′ N 157 ° 00 ′ W], on tundra, 18. vii. 1952, J. B. Hartley (1 ♂); same locality, 3. vii. 1952, W. R. Mason (1 ♂).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B637FA38A645FD9BFB0C.taxon	discussion	REMARKS. It seems that this species was not described by the North American authors. Main differences of E. verralli from other Nearctic species of Anacrostichus are indicated in the key. Empis verralli was redescribed by Collin [1961] and Chvála [1994]. The wing venation of E. verralli is unstable (as both these authors have noted), including different degree of a reduction of the radial fork (R 4 + 5) and some other veins, extra crossveins, etc. In addition, the frons of the female sometimes is entirely pruinose (usually shiny on the middle).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B637FA38A645FD9BFB0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Holarctic. In Eurasia, E. verralli is known from British Isles, extreme north of the European part of Russia, Siberia (including subarctic areas) and the Russian Far East [Shamshev, 2016]. In North America, E. verralli is known only from the western part of Alaska.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B63BFBCAA3BEFE92FD58.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA. British Columbia: Metatype E. virgata Coq., Compared by C. H. Curran // Agassiz, 27. iv. 1922, R. Glendenning (1 ♂); Lakelse, near Terrace, B. C., 300, 14. vi. 1960, W. W. Moss (1 ♂); Tyee, 27 mi. E. Pr. Rupert, on flowers of goat’s beard, 24. vi. 1960, J. G. Chillcott (1 ♀); Burnaby, 20. iv. 2005, A. T. Beckenbach // Empis virgata Coq. det. B. J. Sinclair 2005 (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀). USA, Alaska: Yakutat, June 21 ’ 99, Harriman Expedition ’ 99, T. Kincaid, Collector // Empis virgata Coq. (1 ♂, OUMNH); Sitka, June 16 ’ 99, Harriman Expedition ’ 99, T. Kincaid, Collector (1 ♀, OUMNH); same locality, Holmberg (1 ♂, MZH). Washington: Olympia, 4. i. 95 // Empis virgata Coq. (1 ♀, OUMNH).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B63BFBCAA3BEFE92FD58.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Large blackish species (body 6 – 8 mm); male eyes nearly holoptic; mesoscutum greyish pruinose, with 3 brownish subshiny vittae along rows of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; legs entirely dark brown. Male: abdominal sternite 5 with large rounded projection covered dense, short, strong setae.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B63BFBCAA3BEFE92FD58.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body and wing length 6 – 8 mm. Male (Fig. 37). Head capsule regions mostly densely, greyish pruinose, black setose; face with subtriangular shiny spot on lower part, clypeus entirely shiny. Eyes touching on frons, upper ommatidia enlarged. Frons represented by very small subtriangular space just below ocellar triangle and larger space above antennae; with marginal setulae. Face broad, bare. Ocellar setae undifferentiated; several equally long, fine setae present. Occiput covered with long, fine, dense setae (including postoculars). Antenna black; scape nearly 3 X longer than subglobular pedicel, both with long setulae; postpedicel long (nearly 4 X as long as basal width); stylus very short, nearly as long as postpedicel basal width. Proboscis with labrum brownish, darker near base; nearly 1.5 X longer than eye height; palpus short, brownish; with long, fine, black setae. Thorax mostly black, only postalar tubercle somewhat yellowish translucent; mostly densely greyish pruinose; black setose; mesoscutum with 3 brownish, subshiny vittae along rows of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae (dorsal view). Prosternum bare. Proepisternum with numerous long, fine setae on lower part, bare on upper part. Antepronotum with strong, short setae dorsally and fine, long setae laterally. Postpronotal seta undifferentiated; lobe covered with long hair-like setae. Mesonotal setae: acrostichals arranged in 3 – 5 irregular rows (variable character), long, hair-like, dense, usually absent on prescutellar depression (rarely present); presutural dorsocentrals multiserial and not separated from similar presutural supra-alars anteriorly, long, hair-like, postsutural dorsocentrals sparser and longer, intermixed fine and somewhat stronger setae, usually 2 strongest prescutellars; presutural supra-alar undifferentiated, numerous hair-like setae present somewhat stronger in front of suture; 4 – 6 notopleurals (variable), 2 – 3 postsutural supra-alars (with additional fine and shorter setae), 1 postalar, 6 – 8 scutellars (usually with some number of additional shorter, fine setae); in addition, numerous setulae present on notopleural depression anteriorly. Laterotergite with numerous setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles brownish. Legs long, slender, entirely dark brown, black setose. Coxae greyish pruinose, remaining podomeres subshiny. Coxae and trochanters with simple setae. All femora whitish pubescent ventrally. Fore femur with row of short, mostly fine, anteroventral setae (somewhat stronger near apex); long, dense, hair-like setae posteroventrally. Fore tibia with rows of 5 – 6 short anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae. Fore basitarsus slightly thickened or sometimes nearly slender; with spinule-like anteroventral setulae. Mid femur with stronger setulae anteriorly; anteroventral complete row of numerous, short, strong setae (somewhat longer and finer near base); posteroventralrowofsimilarbutsomewhatlongersetae; spinule-like ventral setulae on about basal half. Mid tibia with rows of 5 – 6 short anterodorsal and longer posterodorsal setae; anteroventral and posteroventral spine-like setae (except about basal 1 / 3). Mid basitarsus with anteroventral and posteroventral spine-like setae. Hind femur slender, only slightly broader than mid femur; with short, spine-like, rather sparse anteroventral setae; simple setulae ventrally and posteroventrally. Hind tibia simple; slightly gently thickened towards apex; with rows of very short anterodorsal and longer posterodorsal setae; simple setulae ventrally; very short seta in posteroapical comb. Hind basitarsus slender; with 2 – 3 very short anterodorsal setae, spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Wing membrane brownish infuscate; entirely covered with microtrichia; veins brownish, well sclerotized. Veins R 5 and M 1 almost parallel near wing margin; radial fork acute; CuA + CuP (anal vein) complete; cell dm short, with strongly elongate apex; apical portion of M 4 nearly 2 X longer than its middle portion. Pterostigma brownish. Basal costal seta present, short. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision very acute. Squama yellow, dark fringed. Halter yellow. Abdomen dark brown, black setose. Tergites 2 – 5 subshiny (except tergite 2 narrowly greyish pruinose along anterior margin), tergites 1, 6 – 8 faintly greyish pruinose; tergites 2 – 4 Figs 37, 38. Empis (Anacrostichus) virgata Coquillett, 1895, habitus, lateral view: 37 — male; 38 — female. Scale bar is 1 mm. Рис. 37, 38. Empis (Anacrostichus) virgata Coquillett, 1895, габитус, вид сбоку: 37 — самец; 38 — самка. Масштаб 1 мм. 352 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus with short setae dorsally and long, dense setae laterally (including some stronger posteromarginals), tergites 5 – 8 with scattered setulae. Sternites faintly greyish pruinose (projection of sternite 5 subshiny); sternites 1 – 4 with sparse, long, fine setae. Postabdomen (Figs 39, 40): segments 5 – 8 modified. Tergite 6 and segment 7 somewhat bent downwards, accordingly segment 8 and terminalia shifted to ventral position relative to body axis. Tergite 5 with slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 5 with very large, median, subrectangular projection covered with dense, spine-like setae on apex. Tergite 6 slightly asymmetrical; somewhat narrower than tergite 5; somewhat concave laterally closer to anterior margin, with slightly produced posterior lateral corner. Sternite 6 invisible in situ (hidden by sternite 5), strongly reduced, represented by small, weakly sclerotised, bare sclerite. Tergite 7 slightly asymmetrical; narrower and 2 – 2.5 X shorter than tergite 6, with small, anteromarginal lateral excavation. Sternite 7 deeply concave laterally forming two narrowly connected portions; anterior portion stronger sclerotised, represented by two very large, L-shaped, fused, asymmetrical lobes (in situ appressed to sternite 6), with short setae near upper Figs 39 – 43. Empis (Anacrostichus) virgata Coquillett, 1895, male: 39 — postabdomen, lateral view; 40 — outline of postabdomen, lateral view; 41 — hypopygium, lateral view (setation omitted); 42 — hypandrium, ventral view; 43 — phallus, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; ej apod — ejaculatory apodeme; epand — epandrium; goncx apod — gonocoxal apodeme; hypd — hypandrium; ph — phallus; ph pl — phallic plate. Scale bar is 1 mm. Рис. 39 – 43. Empis (Anacrostichus) virgata Coquillett, 1895, самец: 39 — постабдомен, вид сбоку; 40 — строение постабдомена, вид сбоку; 41 — гипопигий, вид сбоку (Щетинки не покаЗаны); 42 — гипандрий, вид сниЗу; 43 — фаллус, вид сбоку. СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; ej apod — ЭЯкулЯторнаЯ аподема; epand — Эпандрий; goncx apod — гонококсальнаЯ аподема; hypd — гипандрий; ph — фаллус; ph pl — пластина фаллуса; T — тергит; S — стернит. Масштаб 1 мм. margin; posterior portion elongate, subtriangular (ventral view), Mesoscutum with very short acrostichal and dorsocentral asymmetrical, mostly membranous, narrowly sclerotised along setae. Femora not pubescent ventrally. Fore femur with simple lateral margins. Segment 8 funnel-like, with entirely separated setulae, bearing minute anteroventral and posteroventral setae. tergite and sternite of subequal width (lateral view); tergite Fore basitarsus slender. Mid femur with simple setulae, bearing 8 long, longer than tergite 7, undivided, somewhat concave very short anteroventral and posteroventral setae. Mid tibia anteriorly and deflected posteriorly; sternite 8 subtriangular in with spine-like setae ventrally; 2 – 3 very short posteroventral lateral view, slightly longer than tergite 8, with simple structure setae (sometimes inconspicuous). Hind femur with very short, and vestiture. sparse anteroventral setae, otherwise covered with simple Terminalia (Fig. 41 – 43) moderately large, black setose; setulae. Abdomen with much shorter setation; tergites 7 and 8 epandrium brown, cerci brownish to yellowish brown. greyish pruinose. Cercus long, slender, with scattered setulae. Epandrium entirely narrowly divided (epandrial bridge absent); REMARKS. Empis virgata is a unique species of epandrial lamella rather subtriangular (Fig. 41); with long black Anacrostichus by the curious structure of the abdominal setae along lower margin. Hypandrium (Fig. 42) separated from sternite 7 of the male. epandrium; entirely sclerotised, subtriangular (ventral view), DISTRIBUTION. Canada (British Columbia), USA cleft apically, bare; gonocoxal apodeme small. Subepandrial (Alaska, Washington). sclerite undivided. Cerci separated with each other (appressed anteriorly), appressed to dorsal margin of epandrium; cercus Empis (Anacrostichus) sp. 1 small, narrow, convex dorsally, as in Fig. 41, posterior margin Figs 44 – 46. extending nearly to apex of epandrial lamella; undivided, with smoothed inner margin; covered with simple dark MATERIAL EXAMINED. USA. Alabama: Baldwin Co., setulae, bearing scattered setulae on inner surface. Hypoproct North Delta (site 25), Malaise, 31.13 N 87.85 W, 23. v. 2004, E. membraneous, bare. Phallus (Fig. 43) hidden; gently arched; Benton (1 ♂). thickened on about basal 1 / 3, uniformly slender on remaining DIAGNOSIS. Male (Figs 44, 45). Mid-sized (body about portion (lateral view). Ejaculatory apodeme moderately large, 4.5 mm; wing 5.0 mm) species with yellow body and legs. extended far beyond basal curvature of phallus, with small Very similar to Empis pallida except as follows. Frons below lateral wings. ocellar triangle nearly as broad as anterior ocellus. Antenna Female (Fig. 38). Similar to male except as follows. with scape and pedicel brownish yellow, postpedicel entirely Body and legs generally with much shorter setae. Dichoptic, brown. Thorax with prescutellar depression and anterior ommatidia equally small. Frons very broad, broader than face of scutellum dark, greyish pruinose. Pronotum with distance between outer margins of ocelli; mostly shiny. 5 strong black setae on each side. Fore femur with fine setae Figs 44 – 46. Empis (Anacrostichus) sp. 1, male: 44 — habitus, lateral view; 45 — same, dorsolateral view; 46 — postabdomen. Abbreviations: cerc — cercus; epand — epandrium; ph — phallus; T — tergite; S — sternite. Рис. 44 – 46. Empis (Anacrostichus) sp. 1, самец: 44 — габитус, вид сбоку; 45 — тоЖе, вид сверху- сбоку; 46 — постабдомен. СокраЩениЯ: cerc — церк; epand — Эпандрий; ph — фаллус; T — тергит; S — стернит. 354 Nearctic species of the empidid subgenus Anacrostichus near apex, some anteroventrals slightly stronger. Abdomen with dark setae; tergites 2 – 5 rather yellowish brown, tergites 2 – 4 broadly pale posteriorly. Postabdomen (Fig. 46) as in E. pallida. Terminalia very similar to E. pallida but epandrial lamella somewhat narrower.	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
03B3CC7F7868B63BFBCAA3BEFE92FD58.taxon	discussion	REMARKS. This single, somewhat damaged, specimen could be associated only with E. pallida. However, there are some differences suggesting that another, yet undescribed, species may be present. Additional material should be examined to make a final conclusion. It should be noted that all known records of E. pallida refer to the areas with rather temperate climate (Ontario of Canada, the New England region of the USA). The unnamed specimen was collected from the territory with subtropical maritime climate (near the Gulf of Mexico).	en	Shamshev, I. V. (2023): Review of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Anacrostichus Bezzi, 1909 (Diptera: Empididae). Russian Entomological Journal 32 (3): 330-355, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.3.09
