taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B3D3567721FFC3F3B4F8DEFAC5FD47.taxon	description	Figs. 2 – 3 Abraxas amplificata Walker, 1862, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 24: 1124. Holotype ♂, China (north) (BMNH).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567721FFC3F3B4F8DEFAC5FD47.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Antenna bipectinate in basal two-thirds in male, longest pectination about three times diameter of antennal shaft, dorsal rami a little longer than ventral rami; filiform at tip and in female. Frons with dorsal half white, ventral half grey-black, ventral margin yellow. Labial palpus yellow, dotted with darkbrown distally, extending beyond frons in both sexes. Vertex white. Thorax: Tegula white internally, dark-grey externally. Prothorax white. Dorsum white, suffused with brown, venter yellow. Hind tibia of male dilated, with hairpencil and terminal tuft. Forewing length 25 – 27 mm in ♂, 27 – 30 mm in ♀. Wings ivory-white, suffused with various dark grey blotches and yellow. Forewing with subbasal and antemedial lines dark, immerged in grey blotches; a large grey patch on discal spot; postmedial line composed of row of blotches, continuous or interrupted between M 3 - CuA 1; terminal area with broken grey blotches, suffused with yellow, which extends to anal angle; terminal line a row of black dots; fringe grey-white alternated with black-grey. Hindwing with discal spot small; blotches composed of postmedial line, larger near costa, interrupted between Rs and M 1, M 3 and CuA 2; yellow patches occupying almost entire anal angle. Venter white, base yellow; patches similar to that of dorsum, black-brown, extending slightly; terminal area not suffused with yellow. Abdomen: Dull yellow crests on dorsum of segments 3 and 4, edged with two blackish lines. Two additional blackish lines present laterally and dorsally. Sternite 3 of male abdomen with a pair of setal patches. Male genitalia (Figs. 18, 25) with socii fused in basal two-thirds. Gnathos with median process pointed, spinulose. Valva divided into strongly sclerotized costal lobe and sacculus. Costal lobe irregularly wrinkled, with a median spinose ridge, extending anteriorly, forming a blunt process. Sacculus broad, apex rounded, becoming narrower distally; ventral margin irregularly wrinkled near middle, posterior margin above with row of small spines. Transtilla with a pair of slightly sclerotized, large, expanded processes, not joined. Saccus slightly elongate, with rounded apex. Coremata present. Aedeagus short, broad posteriorly; more sclerotized posteriorly with large number of spinules; vesica without cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 32) with apophyses anteriores extremely short, much shorter than apophyses posteriores. Ostium located between segment 7 and 8; surrounding region sclerotized, wrinkled, lamella postvaginalis rounded. Ductus bursae very short, slightly sclerotized, without distinct antrum. Corpus bursae very large, elongate, membranous; signum absent.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567721FFC3F3B4F8DEFAC5FD47.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Holotype, 55. 87, (with green type label), ♂ (BMNH); Gansu: Kangxian Qinghelinchang, 1400 m, 9. VII. 1999, coll. Yao Jian, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Anhui: Huangshan, 16. IX. 1981, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Zhejiang: Tianmushan, 2. IX. 1981, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Zhejiang: Hangzhou, 18 – 28. VII. 1973, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IZCAS), 23. V. 1976, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Zhejiang: Xitianmushan, 350 m, 6. VI. 1999, coll. Xiao Hui, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Zhejiang: Taishun Wuyanling Shuangkengkou, 680 m, 31. VII – 3. VIII. 2005, coll. Lang Songyun, 3 ♂ (IZCAS); Hubei: Lichuan Xingdoushan, 860 m, 6. VI. 1989, coll. Li Wei, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hubei: Xingshan Longmenhe, 1300 m, 18 – 21. VI. 1993, coll. Huang Runzhi, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 14. VI. 1993, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hubei: Zigui Jiulingtou, 110 m, 1. V. 1994, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Jiangxi: Doushui, 29. VI – 4. VII. 1975, coll. Song Shimei, 3 ♂ (IZCAS); Jiangxi: Dayu, 15 – 16. VII. 1975, coll. Song Shimei, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Jiangxi: Wuning, 10. IX. 1980, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Jiangxi: Maoyuan, X. 1980, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Jiangxi: Lushan, 8. VII. 1975, coll. Liu Youqiao, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Hunan: Hengshan, 5. V. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hunan: Sangzhi Tianpingshan, 28. VI. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hunan: Anhua, 23. VI. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hunan: Lingxian, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Hunan: Guidong, IX. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Wuyi Sangang, 20 – 27. V. 1983, coll. Wang Linyao, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Wuyishan, 15. IX. 1982, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), 15 – 22. IX. 1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Fujian: Wuyishan Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29. VII. 2006, coll. Yang Chao, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), coll. Xie Juan, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian Wuyishan Sangang, 700 m, 25 – 26. VII. 2006, coll. Xie Juan, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Guadun, 17. VI. 1981, coll. Jiang Fan, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), coll. Zhang Liqing, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Yiliping, 11. VIII. 1980, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Chongan Xingcun Sangang, 740 m, 24 – 25. V. 1960, coll. Zhang Yiran, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Jinxiu Jinzhonggonglu, 1100 m, 10 – 11. V. 1999, coll. Han Hongxiang, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Sichuan: Luxian, 25. VI. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Sichuan: Emeishan, 710 m, 20. VI. 1979, coll. Gao Ping 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 6. VIII. 1977, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 11. VI. 1974, coll. Wang Ziqing, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Sichuan: Emei Hongchunping, 4. IX. 1981, coll. Ding Yunpin, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Sichuan: Guanxian, 5. VIII. 1981, coll. Luo Junsong, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Sichuan: Emeishan Qingyinge, 800 – 1000 m, 19. IX. 1957, coll. Huang Keren, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), 15. IX. 1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 15 – 20. IX. 1957, coll. Lu Youcai, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), 17. V. 1957, coll. Wang Zongyuan, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Sichuan: Changshou, 5. VI. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Kwanhsien, 16 – 20. VIII. 1930, M. Franck, L. B. Prout Coll. B. M. 1939 - 643, 3 ♂ (BMNH); Haining, 91.155, X. 1992, J. J. W., 1 ♂ (BMNH); Chasseurs Indigènes de Ta-Tsien-Lou, R. P. Déjean, 1901, ex. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3 (BMNH: 17171), 1 ♂ (BMNH); Ichang, VI. 1888, Leech Coll. 1900 - 64, 1 ♂ (BMNH); Mou-Pin, 1897, ex R. P. Déjean, ex. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, 1 ♂ (BMNH); Frontiere orientale du Thibet, Chasseurs Indigènes, du P. Dejean, 1906, 1 ♀ (BMNH), 1905, 1 ♀ (BMNH); Siao-Lou, Chasseurs Indigènes du P. Dejean, ex. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, 1 ♂ (BMNH); Thibet, Ta-tsien-lou, Mai, VI. 1894, Chasseurs Indigènes, ex. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, 1 ♂ (BMNH); 17.27, Kwanhsien, W China, 24. VIII. 1926, G. M. Franck, Joicey Bequest, Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120, 1 ♀ (BMNH); Kiu Kiang, VII. 1887, A. E. Pratt, Leech Coll. 1900 - 64, 2 ♂ (BMNH).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567721FFC3F3B4F8DEFAC5FD47.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC4F3B4FF67FDB0FAF7.taxon	description	Figs. 4 – 5	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC4F3B4FF67FDB0FAF7.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Antenna bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third, longest pectination about 2 times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons with ventral and dorsal margin dull white, black-brown at middle. Labial palpus dull white, not extending beyond frons. Vertex yellowish white. Thorax: Thorax with dorsum yellowish white, venter yellow. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 27 mm in ♂. Wings white basally; streaks blackish, mixed with little reddish brown and yellowish brown. Forewing black-brown mixed with yellowish brown inside subbasal line; antemedial line black, straight; area between these two lines pale grey-green; outside antemedial line to most costal area (about onethird of wing) suffused with longitudinal striations, dull red mixed with black, expanded on apex, forming broad terminal band posteriorly; inside band with white submarginal line visible; discal spot black-brown, broad, long. Hindwing mostly white, suffused with small brown flecks; postmedial line ill-defined, brown above CuA 1; short dark bars on veins; large yellow patch on anal angle, intermixed with brown and black, narrowly extending anteriorly towards costa along outer margin; patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2 black, long narrow. Terminal line black, interrupted on veins; fringe dark-grey, paler between veins. Venter with wing base yellow intermixed with black brown; other parts similar to dorsum, but not suffused with yellow. Abdomen: Dorsum with yellowish white crests, edged with reddish brown mixed with black lines on each segment. Male and female genitalia unknown.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC4F3B4FF67FDB0FAF7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Holotype ♂, Moupin (Thibet), 1871, A. David (MNHN, photograph in BMNH); Moupin, Kricheldorff Coll., VII. 1890, Leech Coll. 1900 - 64, 1 ♂ (BMNH).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC4F3B4FF67FDB0FAF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC6F3B4FB10FF76FB11.taxon	description	Figs. 6 – 7	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC6F3B4FB10FF76FB11.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Antenna bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third in male, longest pectination about two times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons with dorsal half and ventral margin white, black medially. Labial palpus dark brown mixed reddish brown, yellowish brown ventrally, not extending beyond frons. Vertex white. Thorax: Dorsum grey-white to yellowish brown, mixed with black scales. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 24 mm in ♂, 29 – 34 mm in ♀. Wings whitish, wing base, costal area and apex on forewing suffused with dense purplish red striations, extending to inner margin between antemedial line to discal spot, tapering posteriorly; terminal area grey-green. Forewing with subbasal, antemedial line straight, oblique, black; area between these two lines pale grey-green; postmedial line black accompanying white, incomplete, indistinct, only small black dots on veins, sometimes distinct above M 3; submarginal line white, serrate, sometimes not very distinct. Hindwing postmedial line more distinct than that of forewing, broad, very dark near inner margin; outside postmedial line with long patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2, black intermixed with red scales; postmedial line, patch, outer margin, and inner margin almost forming closed area, more grey-green inside; submarginal line whitish, dentate or wavy, terminating at patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2. Terminal line black, interrupted, comparatively broader on hindwing; fringe greywhite, barlike. Venter mostly white, yellow basally; grey-black from outside yellow base to discal spot, not restricted to cell, extending nearly to inner margin. Postmedial line with only few irregular black patches, on hindwing with three patches, most posterior patch almost connected to patch on anal angle; forewing with greyish black patch on apex, sometimes extending posteriorly to anal angle, tapering gradually; hindwing with terminal line broad, narrow bandlike. Occasionally, almost no streaks on dorsum except nearly closed patch on anal angle of hindwing. Abdomen: Dorsum grey-white to yellowish brown, mixed with black; with greyish red dorsal crests; two black lines accompanying dorsal crests laterally. Male genitalia (Figs. 19, 26) with socii fused basally, tapering. Gnathos with median process pointed, spinulose. Valva divided into two strongly sclerotized lobes. Costal lobe with smooth dorsal margin, apical margin wrinkled, crenulated; irregularly wrinkled ventrally, and with a sclerotized blunt process transversing anterior half, posterior margin of which also wrinkled irregularly or spinose. Sacculus with apex slightly narrower, ventral margin with depression at middle, irregularly wrinkled, posterior margin with row of small spines. Transtilla a pair of large expanded processes, slightly sclerotized. Saccus protruding, with rounded apex. Coremata present. Aedeagus short and posteriorly broad; with large number of spinules; cornuti absent. Female genitalia (Fig. 33) very similar to those of amplificata in shape and structures, but lamella postvaginalis less defined.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC6F3B4FB10FF76FB11.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined. CHINA: Hubei: Hefeng, 1240 m, 25 – 28. VII. 1989, coll. Li Wei, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Hubei: Xingshan Longmenhe, 1350 m, 18. VII. 1993, coll. Song Shimei, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), 670 m, 22. VI. 1993, coll. Yao Jian, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hunan: Tianpingshan, 1. VIII. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Yunan: Yongsheng Liude, 2250 m, 6. VII. 1984, coll. Liu Dajun, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Yunnan: Huaping, 1500 m, 17. V. 1979, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Yunnan: Tengchong Heinitang, 1930 m, 28 – 30. V. 1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Yunnan: Fengqing, 1400 m, 23. VII. 1980, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Xizang: Bomi Tongmai, 2100 m, 30 ° 01 ' N, 95 ° 00 ' E, 29. VIII. 2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Chasseurs, Indigenes, de Ta-sien-lou, Recolte, de 1910, Ex. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, 1 ♂ (BMNH); INDIA: Khasia Hills, Assam, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1 (BMNH: 17154), 1 ♂ (BMNH); Gopaldhara, Darjeeling, 3440 – 5800 ft, (H. Stevens), Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1, 1 ♀ (BMNH); N-Indien, Uttar Pradesh, Kumaon Himalaya, Maheshkan-Forst, 10 km NE Bhowali, 15 - 31.1990, leg. A. Hauenstein, Museum A. Koenig, Eing. Nr. 911299, 1 ♂ (ZFMK).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567724FFC6F3B4FB10FF76FB11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India (North), Thailand, Nepal. Records from Thailand and Nepal are based on photographs in the collection of ZSM; detailed data were not transcribed.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567726FFC7F3B4FA32FEAAFB49.taxon	description	Figs. 8 – 9 Terpna pratti Prout, 1927, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 12: 55, pl. 5: c. Lectotype ♂, Sumatra (south-west): Barisan Range, 2500 ft. (BMNH), here designated.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567726FFC7F3B4FA32FEAAFB49.taxon	description	Redescription [based on photographs, so some characters not observable.] Head: Antenna bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third in male; filiform in female. Labial palpus with venter yellowish brown. Vertex grass green. Thorax: Dorsum grass green; venter yellow mixed with little reddish brown anteriorly. Tegula grass green. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 24 mm in ♂. Wings greygreen, suffused with reddish brown and black scales. Forewing with area inside subbasal line grass green; pale grey-green between subbasal and black antemedial lines; outside antemedial line to discal spot suffused with longitudinal striations, striations reddish brown mixed with black-brown, tapering posteriorly; apex greygreen mixed with brown; postmedial line indistinct, serrate, several small black dots visible on veins, edged with white; submarginal line white, serrate in apical region, wavy to anal angle; discal spot black, long, narrow, bent. Hindwing with base inside discal spot not suffused with reddish brown striations; postmedial and submarginal lines less distinct than those of forewing, black dots on veins representing postmedial line; reddish brown patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2; discal spot black, straight, barlike. Terminal line black, interrupted at veins, broader on hindwing. Fringe grass green, much darker and mixed with black at termination of veins. Venter with wing base yellow, distally not suffused with black. Discal spot on both wings large and rounded. Forewing with black postmedial line complete, narrow, curved distally; terminal band discontinuous and incomplete. Hindwing with postmedial line composed of three large black patches; subterminal line represented by four large similar patches. Abdomen: Venter yellow; dorsum grass green mixed with some black; crest reddish brown on segments 3 to 5; last segment yellow. Male genitalia (Figs. 20, 27) with socii fused in basal two-thirds, converging terminally, tapering. Gnathos long narrow, pointed, spinulose. Valva strongly sclerotized, conspicuously divided into costal lobe and sacculus, the former with apical margin not spinose, nearly smooth on anterior side, only slightly wrinkled, bearing a blunt process proximally, margins of process almost smooth; sacculus broad with rounded, narrower apex; anterior margin with distal half to apex spinose. Transtilla with a pair of slightly sclerotized expanded processes. Saccus fairly elongate, apex rounded. Coremata present. Aedeagus short, broad, more sclerotized and narrowed posteriorly, with large number of spinules; cornuti absent. Female genitalia (Fig. 34) with apophyses posteriores long, narrow, apophyses anteriores very short. Ostium located at middle of segments 7 and 8; ventral side sclerotized, wrinkled; dorsal area slightly sclerotized and wrinkled, without distinct lamella postvaginalis. Ductus bursae very short, slightly sclerotized and wrinkled. Corpus bursae short, broad, wrinkled posteriorly; signum absent.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567726FFC7F3B4FA32FEAAFB49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype, ♂ (here designated), 7.22. Barisan Range, Western Slopes, S. W. Sumatra, 2500 ft., X – XII. 1921, C., F., & J. Pratt. (other labels: red ‘ Type HT’ label; Terpna pratti Prout, ♂, type) (BMNH); Paralectotypes, same data as in lectotype, L. B. Prout Coll. B. M. 1939 - 643 (one is figured in Seitz XII: t. 9 a), 2 ♂ (BMNH); INDONESIA: S. E. Borneo: Samarinda, X. 1938, M. E. Walsh, B. M. 1939 - 182 (figured in Moths of Borneo Part 9), 1 ♀ (BMNH); Paralectotype, 7.22. Barisan Range, Western Slopes, S. W. Sumatra, 2500 ft., X-XI. 1921, C., F., & J. Pratt., ex. B. M. 1 ♂ (ZFMK).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567726FFC7F3B4FA32FEAAFB49.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra, Samarinda), Malaysia (Holloway, 1996: 210).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567726FFC7F3B4FA32FEAAFB49.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Prout (1927) did not designate a holotype for pratti; Scoble (1999) identified the lectotype (proposed above) as a syntype. A lectotype is designated herein for P. pratti to provide nomenclatural stability to this taxon.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567727FFC8F3B4FA6AFE78F82E.taxon	description	Figs. 10 – 11 Terpna haemataria Herrich-Schäfer, 1854, Samml. neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereur. Schmett. (1) 1 (11): wrapper, pl. [41], figs 205, 20. Syntype (s), India.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567727FFC8F3B4FA6AFE78F82E.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Antenna bipectinate basally, ciliate at tip in male, the longest pectination about 1.5 times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons with dorsal margin white, ventral margin reddish brown, middle black. Labial palpus reddish brown, extending beyond frons; segments 2 and 3 rough-scaled. Vertex yellowish white. Thorax: Yellowish white dorsally, with reddish brown scales medially, pale yellow ventrally. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 26 – 28 mm in ♂, 33 mm in ♀. Wings dull white, suffused with grey-green, reddish brown, and black scales. Forewing with subbasal line grey-green, broader on costa, dark-brown mixed with reddish brown, indistinct posteriorly; antemedial line black, nearly straight; area between subbasal and antemedial lines white mixed with grey-green; reddish brown from antemedial line to discal spot extending to costa, mixed with some grey-green; apex with a large blotch, reddish brown mixed with dark-brown and grey-green, weak serrate submarginal line visible inside blotch; postmedial line serrate, indistinct, with small black dots on veins, distally more whitish; terminal line black mixed with reddish brown, interrupted on veins; discal spot black, elongate, bordered with reddish brown; fringe white between veins, reddish brown, mixed with grey-green at termination of veins, more reddish brown and dark brown between M veins. Hindwing concolorous with other parts of wing, base not suffused with reddish brown scales; postmedial line same as that of forewing, forming small patch on inner margin, black-brown mixed with little reddish brown; narrow ovoid patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2, a second grey green patch at anal angle; terminal line broader than that of forewing; fringe same as that of forewing. Venter white suffused with black patches, wing base yellow; forewing with discal spot oblong, black-brown, cell area pale grey-brown, with grey-brown patch basally below cell; postmedial line bandlike, discontinuous, broader above M 3; terminal band broader anteriorly, narrower posteriorly, paler at apex, posterior half with several long narrow black barlike patches. Hindwing with discal spot large, black, spreading in cell; postmedial line bandlike, discontinuous, forming a larger black patch on costa; terminal line composed of three large black separate patches on costa, between M veins, between CuA 1 and inner margin; terminal line black, broad. Abdomen: Pale reddish brown dorsal crests on segments 1 to 4, those on 2 and 3 more developed, black on two sides of crests. Sternite 3 of male abdomen with a pair of setal patches. Male genitalia (Figs. 21, 28) with socii fused in slightly greater than basal one-half, tapering distally, with a tiny acute point apically. Gnathos with median process pointed, spinulose. Costal lobe well sclerotized, apex expanded, rounded, with irregular spines on apical and anterior margin, with an irregularly serrate ridge medially, ventrally, extending proximally anteriorly, forming a process. Sacculus with narrow rounded apex, ventral margin straight with a small depression medially, distal margin with tiny spines. Coremata well developed. Transtilla with pair of weakly sclerotized, expanded processes. Saccus elongate, rounded. Aedeagus short, broad posteriorly; more sclerotized posteriorly, with large number of spinules; vesica without cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 35) with apophyses anteriores much shorter than apophyses posteriores. Region around ostium transversely wrinkled and sclerotized, lamella postvaginalis rounded. Ductus bursae very narrow, short (relatively long for genus), less than one-fourth length of corpus bursae, slightly sclerotized, wrinkled, without antrum. Corpus bursae large, broad, membranous, with a lateral expanded membranous process; signum absent.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567727FFC8F3B4FA6AFE78F82E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: syntypes of almaria, ex. Musaeo, Ach. Guenée, ex. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 3, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (BMNH); Khasis Hills, Assam, ex. Coll. W. Feather, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1 (BMNH: 17152), 2 ♂ (BMNH); Cherrapunji, XI. 1893, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1, 1 ♂ (BMNH); Khasis, Nat. Coll., 1 ♂ (ZFMK); INDIA: Sikkim, 10. I. 1885, O. Moller, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1 (BMNH: 17133), 1 ♀ (BMNH); Sikkim, 1 – 4000 ft, Moller, Collection H. J. Elwes, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1, 1 ♀ (BMNH).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567727FFC8F3B4FA6AFE78F82E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India, Thailand. The Thailand record is based on a photograph in the collection of ZSM; no detailed data were transcribed.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567728FFCEF3B4F948FCCDFC37.taxon	description	Figs. 12 – 13 Description. Head: Antenna bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third in male, the longest pectination about 1.5 times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons extremely protrudent; ventral two-thirds black, dorsal one-third grass-green, ventral margin yellow, laterally tinged with reddish brown on dorsal and ventral margins. Labial palpus blackish brown mixed with reddish brown dorsally, dull yellow mixed with some reddish brown ventrally, extending just beyond frons. Vertex grass-green. Thorax: Tegula grass-green; dorsum grass-green mixed with dark reddish brown; venter yellow, mixed with some reddish brown anteriorly. Hind tibia not dilated, without hairpencil, with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 23 – 26 mm in ♂, 26 – 28 mm in ♀. Wings grass-green, suffused with reddish brown and black streaks. Forewing with apex blunt; costa suffused with longitudinal dark reddish brown mixed with black striations, extending posteriorly outside antemedial line and inside discal spot, tapering gradually, extending and tapering posteriorly under apex, reaching M 3; subbasal line black, dark reddish brown mixed with black inside; antemedial line black, curved; area between antemedial and subbasal line grass-green, mixed with a few black scales; postmedial line black, dentate, distally edged with silver grey in anterior half, white in posterior half; submarginal line white, distinct only from M 3 to inner margin, two patches, dark reddish brown mixed with black, between CuA 1 and CuA 2, and CuA 2 and vein A; terminal line black, broad, interrupted at termination of veins; discal spot black, indistinct. Hindwing base inside discal spot dark reddish brown, mixed with black; discal spot long, narrow, barlike; postmedial line black, dentate, with distinct silver grey scales along out edge; a longitudinal purplish brown patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2 outside postmedial line; submarginal line white, dentate, indistinct; terminal line same as that of forewing. Fringe of both wings pale grey in basal half, grey-white in terminal half between veins, pale grey and mixed with reddish brown basally at termination of veins. Venter with wing base yellow; white suffused with black mostly, inside discal spot more grey-black; terminal band broad, black, reaching outer margin at least upper half on forewing, not reaching outer margin on hindwing. Band occasionally interrupted on hindwing or tapering towards anal angle on forewing; forewing with discal spot rather oblong, that of hindwing long narrow bar-like. Abdomen: Dorsum grass-green mixed with black and brown; dorsal crests present on segment 1 to 5, dark reddish brown mixed with black, the crest on segment 1 smaller, others developed. Male genitalia (Figs. 22, 29) with socii fused in basal two-thirds, tapering distally, closely converging apically. Gnathos with median process long, narrow, pointed, spinulose. Valva strongly sclerotized, divided into distinct costal lobe and sacculus, the former with apical margin and ventral area near apex spinose and wrinkled, bearing a large triangular sclerite, tapering from base of costal lobe to median point, bearing a row of large spines on ventral margin two thirds along length. Sacculus broad with rounded, narrower apex; ventral margin with a small depression medially; anterior half smooth, posterior half spinose to apex. Transtilla with a pair of short slightly sclerotized processes. Saccus not distinctly protruding, vinculum with conspicuous apex rounded. Coremata developed. Aedeagus short, broad, more sclerotized and narrower posteriorly, with large number of spinules; posterior apex relatively narrow; cornuti absent. Female genitalia (Fig. 36) with apophyses posteriors long narrow, apophyses anteriores very short. Ostium located at middle of segment 7 and 8; ventral side slightly sclerotized, wrinkled; dorsal area strongly sclerotized and wrinkled, with a small rounded process at middle, posterior margin broadly V-shaped, with dense short hair. Ductus bursae very short, membranous, longitudinally wrinkled. Corpus bursae relatively long, boot-shaped, membranous; signum absent.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567728FFCEF3B4F948FCCDFC37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pachyodes novata is distinguished by a large triangular sclerite on the costal lobe of the male genitalia; other members of Pachyodes have only ridges which extend anteriorly forming relatively shallow, shorter processes. In addition, the posterior end of the aedeagus of Pachyodes novata is much narrower than that of the other species. Superficially, most specimens of P. novata can be distinguished from other species by the complete black terminal band on the forewing venter. P. leucomelanaria has a broad terminal band on the venter of the forewing, but the band also is present on the dorsum, whereas in P. novata the terminal band is not present on the dorsum. Some older specimens lack the grey-green suffusion on the dorsum of the wings, but nearly all of these have a wide terminal band on the venter. The broad terminal band on underside of wings is similar to members of the genus Pingasa Moore. But the presence of a pair of hair brushes on hindwing immediately separates Pingasa from Pachyodes. Pachyodes novata is also distinguished from Pingasa by features of the male genitalia. For example, the gnathos of Pingasa possesses a pair of processes, while it only bears a spinulose pointed process in P. novata. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Fujian: Wuyishan Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29. VII. 2006, coll. Xie Juan (IZCAS). Paratypes (28 ♂, 4 ♀): CHINA: Fujian: Wuyishan Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29. VII. 2006, coll. Xue Dayong, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Wuyishan Sangang, 700 m, 9. VII. 2006, coll. Wang Jiashe, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 13 – 15. VIII. 2006, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), 25. VII. 2006, coll. Xie Juan, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 10. VI. 2006, coll. Wang Jiashe, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Wuyishan, 11 – 12. IX. 1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Chongan Xingcun Sangang, 740 m, 24. VI. 1960, coll. Zhang Yiran, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Fujian: Daan, 19. VI. 1981, coll. Jang Fan, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Hubei: Shennongjia Jiuchong, 700 m, 17. VII. 1998, coll. Luo Tianhong, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hubei: Xingshan Longmenhe, 730 m, 22. VI. 1993, coll. Yao Jian, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 630 m, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), 1350 m, 17. VII. 1993, coll. Song Shimei, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hubei: Shennongjia Guanmenshan, 1240 m, 25. VII. 1998, coll. He Junjian, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hunan: Tianpingshan, 14. VI. 1981, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Hunan: Sangzhi Tianpingshan, 22. VII. 1988, coll. Li Yongkun, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Jinxiu Luoxiang, 200 m, 15. V. 1999, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, 2 ♂ (IZCAS), coll. Han Hongxiang, 2 ♂ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Jinxiu Luoxiang, 400 m, 15. V. 1999, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Jinxiu Luoxiang, 450 m, 30. VI. 2000, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (IZCAS), coll. Yao Jian, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Jinxiu Shengtangshan, 900 m, 17. V. 1999, coll. Liu Dajun, 1 ♂ (IZCAS), coll. Li Wenzhu, 1 ♀ (IZCAS), 18. V. 1999, coll. Huang Fusheng, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Jinxiu Tiantangshan, 900 m, 17. V. 1999, coll. Liu Dajun, 1 ♂ (IZCAS); Guangxi: Shangsi Nanpingxiang, 350 m, 10. VI. 2000, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1 ♂ (IZCAS).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567728FFCEF3B4F948FCCDFC37.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is from the Latin novus, which means fresh or new.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D3567728FFCEF3B4F948FCCDFC37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772EFFCFF3B4FD6FFDF3FF5F.taxon	description	Figs. 14 – 15	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772EFFCFF3B4FD6FFDF3FF5F.taxon	description	Redescription. Head: Antennae bipectinate in basal two-thirds, black-brown, the longest pectination about 2 times diameter of antennal shaft; filiform in female. Frons with ventral half black-brown, dorsal half white. Labial palpus black-brown, extending beyond frons in both sexes; segment 3 elongate in female. Vertex white. Thorax: Tegula grey-green; dorsum grey-green, venter pale yellow, suffused with reddish brown. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 26 mm in ♂. Wings whitish suffused with grey-green, purplish, and black scales. Forewing costa reddish brown mixed with black inside subbasal line, area inside subbasal line almost concolorous with pale grey-green area between subbasal and antemedial line; outside antemedial line to discal spot suffused with tapering reddish brown mixed with black-brown longitudinal striations; apex grey-green mixed with brown; postmedial line blackish grey, complete though weak, forming black dots on veins, with accompanying white scales; discal spot black, bent. Hindwing wing base more reddish brown and black brown; postmedial line indistinct, composed of dots on veins; a small reddish brown oval patch present between CuA 1 and CuA 2 outside postmedial line; discal spot black, long bar-like. Terminal line black, broken on veins, broader on hindwing. Fringe white alternated with grey-brown, more grey-brown upper half. Venter wing base greyish yellow, outside wing base to discal spot greyish black, spreading to lower margin of cell; forewing with broad black terminal band, tapering and broken posteriorly, almost absent between M 3 and CuA 1; discal spot black, oblong; hindwing with terminal band discontinuous, patchy medially; discal spot black, long narrow, bar-like. Abdomen: Dull white mixed with grey-black scales, dorsal crests developed, grey reddish brown (dull whitish in female). Male genitalia (Figs 23, 30) with socii fused basally, converging, tapering apically. Gnathos with median process pointed, spinulose. Valva well divided into costal lobe and sacculus. Costal lobe with apical and ventral side irregularly dentate; with medial, ventral ridge, but not forming distinct extending process. Sacculus relatively broad, apex slightly narrower, ventral margin wrinkled medially, posterior and apical margins irregularly serrate. Transtilla a pair of expanded processes, slightly sclerotized. Coremata well developed. Semicircular saccus distinctly protruding. Aedeagus short and broad, narrower and strongly sclerotized posteriorly, with large number of spinules; vesica without cornuti. Female genitalia unknown.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772EFFCFF3B4FD6FFDF3FF5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Hinokiyama, Formosa, 20. V. 1935 (BMNH: 17153), 1 ♂ (BMMH); Hinokiyama Formosa, VII. 1905, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. - 1, 1 ♂ (BMMH); Hinokiyama, Formosa, VII. 1935, L. B. Prout Coll. B. M. 1939 - 643, 1 ♂ (BMMH); Kanschrei, Formosa, 15 – 29. IV. 1908 (A. E. Wileman), Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1, 3 ♂ (BMMH); Taiwan: Nantou, 570 – 800 m, 28 – 29. IX. 1992., coll. F. Aulombard et J. Plante, 7 ♂ (ZFMK); INDIA: Sikkim, Knyvett, Collectio H. J. Elwes, Rothschild Bequest, B. M. 1939 - 1, 1 ♂ (BMMH).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772EFFCFF3B4FD6FFDF3FF5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Taiwan), India.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772FFFCFF3B4FE77FE5CFD62.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined. VIETNAM: N. Vietnam, Mt. Fan-si-pan, Cha-pa, 22.15 ° N, 103.46 ° E, 2400 m, 8 – 29. V. 1993, leg. Sinjaev & Simonov, ex. coll. A. Schintlmeister, 1 ♂ (ZFMK).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772FFFCFF3B4FE77FE5CFD62.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Vietnam.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772FFFD0F3B4FC85FDAEFA51.taxon	description	Figs 16 – 17 Description. Head: Antenna bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third in male, longest pectination about 1.5 times diameter of antennal shaft; unknown in female. Frons protruding; ventral twothirds black, dorsal one-third white, ventral margin yellowish brown. Labial palpus black brown mixed with reddish brown dorsally and laterally, yellowish ventrally, barely extending beyond frons. Vertex white. Thorax: Tegula white. Thorax white dorsally and yellow ventrally. One pair of small black patches present on dorsum. Hind leg yellow; hind tibia in male dilated, with hair-pencil; with two pairs of spurs. Forewing length 24 mm in ♂. Wings whitish, suffused with grass-green, black, and reddish brown scales. Forewing: subbasal line indistinct mostly, curved, area inside grass-green; antemedial line curved, black; area between these two lines pale grey-green; area outside antemedial line to discal spot suffused with longitudinal striations, tapering towards inner margin, blackish mixed with reddish brown; postmedial line indistinct, but the postmedial line on venter discernible; submarginal line indistinct, only two reddish brown patches present between M 3 and CuA 1, CuA 1 and CuA 2 visible; apex with a large black brown patch; discal spot elongate, barlike, suffused with little reddish brown, accompanying with whitish scales. Hindwing base ornamented with little black scales; only small area anterior to and inside discal spot reddish brown; postmedial line more distinct than that of forewing, only small black dots on veins visible, distally accompanying whitish scales in anterior half; distal to postmedial line, long reddish brown patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2; anal angle appearing as a grassgreen patch; discal spot elongate barlike, black, suffused with little reddish brown. Terminal line black, interrupted, much broader on hindwing. Fringe grass-green mixed with some reddish scales. Venter white; wing base yellow; discal spot black, rounded, from discal spot to yellow wing base grey-black, extending posteriorly to inner margin on forewing, and terminating in cell on hindwing. Forewing with postmedial line a narrow blackish band, interrupted on veins; terminal band incomplete, broken at middle, tapering posteriorly, patchy, joined with postmedial line. Hindwing with postmedial line broken mostly, tapering towards inner margin, only three to four patches present; submarginal band broader than postmedial line, also broken. Abdomen: One pair of small black patches present on segment 1. Abdomen with dorsum whitish; dorsal crests distinct on segment 2 to 4, developed on segment 4 (crests lacking in holotype probably because of poor condition of specimen). Male genitalia (Figs 24, 31) with socii fused basally, separated, in close proximity ter- minally, tapering. Gnathos with median process pointed, spinulose. Valva strongly sclerotized, divided into costal lobe and sacculus, the former distinctly smaller than the latter. Costal lobe with apical margin, distal and ventral half serrated, apex truncated; comparatively less wrinkled; small medial, extending proximally process with anterior part almost smooth. Sacculus broad, apex rounded, relatively narrow; ventral margin wrinkled medially, spinose distally, spines only distinct medially, becoming minute apically. Transtilla with a large pair of slightly sclerotized expanded processes. Saccus protruding, very short, rounded apically. Coremata developed. Aedeagus short, broad, more sclerotized posteriorly, with large number of spinules; cornuti absent. Female genitalia unknown.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772FFFD0F3B4FC85FDAEFA51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. On the basis of wing pattern, this new species is similar to several congeners, including as haemataria, pratti, subtrita and ornataria. However, P. jianfengensis can be distinguished from these species by the following differences: from haemataria, jianfengensis lacks the long patch at the wing base below the cell on the venter of the forewing; from pratti, the postmedial line of jianfengensis on the forewing venter is not as complete as that of pratti, and the same line on the hindwing is not composed of several large patches as in pratti; from subtrita, hindwing base of the wing of jianfengensis is not suffused with dense reddish brown scales as in subtrita, and on the dorsum of the forewing jianfengensis has a distinct postmedial line which is absent in subtrita; from ornataria, the hindwing of jianfengensis lacks a closed patch on the anal angle and has only a reddish brown patch between CuA 1 and CuA 2, while there is a closed patch on the anal angle in ornataria. The male genitalia of P. jianfengensis are distinguished by the costal lobe being markedly constricted basally and the apex distinctly truncated. Holotype ♂, CHINA: Hainan: Jianfeng, 6. VII. 1983, coll. Gu Maobin; Paratype, ♂, Hainan: Jianfeng, 23. XI. 1983, coll. Liu Yuanfu.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772FFFD0F3B4FC85FDAEFA51.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
03B3D356772FFFD0F3B4FC85FDAEFA51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hainan).	en	HAN, HONGXIANG, XUE, DAYONG (2008): A taxonomic review of Pachyodes Guen e, 1858, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 1759 (1): 51-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1759.1.3
