identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
23F9AA2F3A3272F930C9921B2A52E302.text	23F9AA2F3A3272F930C9921B2A52E302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rapisma McLachlan 1866	<div><p>Genus Rapisma McLachlan, 1866</p><p>Rapisma McLachlan, 1866: 353. Type species: Hemerobius viridipennis Walker, 1853: 276 (original designation).</p><p>Generic characters.</p><p>Medium- to large-sized lacewings (forewing length 19-35 mm). Head (Figs 1-3) partially retracted under prothorax; vertex moderately domed, medially with trace of ecdysial line; clypeus prominent, nearly rectangular. Antennae moniliform, but sometimes subserrate, much shorter than wings (4-11 mm). Compound eyes globular, maximum eye diameter divided by minimum interocular distance (i.e. EI ratio) 0.7-1.1; ocelli absent. Mouthparts mandibulate, mandibles short and broad, margin of labrum excised medially.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1) stout, covered with fine hairs, prothorax very broad and shield-like. Legs densely setose; tibial spurs absent; length of tarsal segments in approximate ratio 1.0 (basal):0.4:0.35:0.25:0.85 (distal); pretarsal claws broad at base with slight projection on inner side; pretarsus lacking arolium.</p><p>Wings (Figs 1-3) broad, with numerous setae on wing margins and veins. Both fore- and hindwing with single nygma between bases of RP+MA and MP, but with trichosors poorly developed, only confined on forewing costal margin.</p><p>Forewing broad, greenish, yellowish or brownish. Costal space very broad, particularly at base; costal crossveins usually with marginal forks and with interlink veinlets, most of which are arranged into a longitudinal line on proximal half. Recurrent humeral veinlet present, with several branches. ScA present, short. ScP running free to wing margin, not fused with RA, distally with a few short branches. Subcostal space with many crossveins (number ranging 18-31). RP+MA diverging very near base of R; RP with 3-9 pectinate branches. MA diverging near base of RP and forking repeatedly, with initial branching point either near base of MA or rather distad midpoint of MA. MP diverging into MP1 and MP2 near base; MP1 only forked near wing margin; MP2 profusely and usually dichotomously branched. Cu diverging into CuA and CuP slightly proximad initial branching point of MP. CuA forked only distally; CuP at least initially forked around midpoint; a series of interlink veins present among cua-cup crossveins and longitudinally arranged into a pseudo longitudinal vein. A1 with a few distal branches; A2 and A3 proximally fused, each forked near its base. Simple jugal vein present. Crossvenation exceptionally rich, distal-most crossveins among branches of RP+MA arranged into a gradate series.</p><p>Hindwing slightly shorter and narrower than forewing. Frenulum present, short. Venation generally similar to that of forewing, except for the followings. Costal space much narrower than that of forewing, with interlink veinlets among costal crossveins absent. RP with 2-7 pectinate branches. No interlink veinlets among cua-cup crossveins.</p><p>Abdomen corpulent. Genital segments much smaller than pregenital segment. Male genitalia (Figs 4-6): Tergum 9 much wider than long; sternum 9 slightly shorter than tergum 9; ectoprocts unpaired in dorsal view; callus cerci present; gonocoxites 9, gonostyli 11 and gonocoxites 11 associated into a complex structure; gonocoxites 9 paired, each of them with a broad lobe (glabrous or covered with many short spines) and a narrow lateral arm, which is articulating laterally on ends of fused gonocoxites 11 (= gonarcus); fused gonocoxites 11 present as a variously shaped arc; gonostyli 11 (= mediuncus lobes) present near posteromedian portion of fused gonocoxites 11, fused, but often showing paired trace, more or less setose; hypandrium internum usually present, but often small and difficult to been found. Female genitalia (Fig. 6): Sternum 7 large; segment 8 much shorter than and slightly retracted in sternum 7, tergum 8 enclosing spiracle; gonocoxites + gonapophyses 8 (= subgenital plate) fused, but usually divided by a transverse suture, posteriorly produced and notched at tip; tergum 9 much shorter than tergum 8, slightly narrowed ventrolaterally; gonocoxites 9 (= ovipositor) rather short and small, valvate, distally with tiny gonostyli 9; a pair of small setose lobes (gonapophyses 9) present posteriad gonocoxites 8 and usually beneath gonocoxites 9; ectoprocts unpaired in dorsal view, laterally with callus cerci; bursa copulatrix medially with a straight channel, anteriorly connected with spermatheca, which constitutes two tubes terminated with a large and a small ovoid sac.</p><p>Distribution. China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand.</p><p>Key to Rapisma species from China</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23F9AA2F3A3272F930C9921B2A52E302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Xingyue	Liu, Xingyue (2018): A review of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from China, with description of two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 57-71, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651
EEF99EFC8033A0BE956B139CD01DF39E.text	EEF99EFC8033A0BE956B139CD01DF39E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rapisma chikuni	<div><p>Rapisma chikuni sp. n. Figs 1, 3, 4, 10</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body and forewings generally greenish. Forewing with sparse small grayish brown spots. Male head medially with dark markings on vertex and frons. Antenna subserrate, ~1/3 × forewing length. Male gonocoxites 9 paired, covered with many short spines; each with a robust lobe, which laterally bears a digitiform projection and dorsally bears a flat accessory lobe, and with a short, arcuately curved lateral arm; fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, in dorsal view nearly semicircular, anteromedially strongly concaved, leaving a pair of broadly shell-shaped lobes, which bear a pair of acutely tapering accessory lobes on their laterodistal ends; gonostyli 11 fused, subtrapezoidal, bearing short setae, ventrally with a pair of obtuse processes and with a feebly sclerotized median bar.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 14.5 mm; forewing length 26.6 mm, hindwing length 23.0 mm.</p><p>Head nearly semiglobular, slightly retracted under prothorax, visible in dorsal view. Head yellowish; a transverse blackish brown band present on anterior portion of vertex; frons also with a transverse blackish brown band. Compound eyes blackish brown; EI ratio 0.84. Antenna subserrate, 8.5 mm long, with 62 flagellomeres; yellowish, but proximal two flagellomeres and those on distal 1/4 of flagellum slightly darker. Mandibles with tips black.</p><p>Pro- and mesothorax greenish, but metathorax yellowish; pronotum anteriorly with a pair of subtriangular blackish brown markings, and posterolaterally with a pair of ovoid blackish brown markings; meso- and metanotum each laterally with a pair of large and a pair of punctiform blackish brown markings. Legs yellowish; pretarsal claws reddish brown, proximally slightly produced.</p><p>Forewing greenish, with sparse small grayish brown spots. Trichosors present only along costal margin. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, blackish, covered with a blackish spot. RP with 7 pectinate branches. Hindwing much paler than forewing, immaculate. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, yellowish. RP with 4 pectinate branches.</p><p>Abdomen brown, with terga and genitalia greenish yellow. Tergum 9 subtrapezoidal, moderately setose. Sternum 9 nearly as long as but narrower than tergum 9, subtrapezoidal, posteriorly slightly concaved. Ectoprocts slightly shorter and much narrower than tergum 9; callus cerci present, slightly prominent. Gonocoxites 9 paired, covered with many short spines; each with a robust lobe, which laterally bears a digitiform projection and dorsally bears a flat accessory lobe, and with a short, arcuately curved lateral arm. Fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, in dorsal view nearly semicircular, anteromedially strongly concaved, leaving a pair of broadly shell-like lobes, which bear a pair of acutely tapering accessory lobes on their laterodistal ends. Gonostyli 11 fused, subtrapezoidal, bearing short setae, ventrally with a pair of obtuse processes and with a feebly sclerotized median bar. Hypandrium internum relatively large, arrow-shaped, with slenderly foliate lateral lobes.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype male, China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Nabang, Rongshuwang [24°40.48'N, 97°35.33'E], 850 m, 30.VI.2017, Yutang Wang (CAU).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is dedicated to Prof. Chikun Yang who made outstanding contributions to the taxonomy of Rapisma from China.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species probably belongs to a monophyletic group including Rapisma corundum Barnard, 1981 from eastern Myanmar, Rapisma tamilanum Barnard, 1981 from southern India, and R. daianum from southern Yunnan, China, because these species share some apomorphic characters, e.g. the subserrate male antennae and the posteriorly bilobed male gonocoxites 9. The new species can be distinguished from the related species by the head medially with dark markings, the male gonocoxites 9 with median lobes not curved anteriad, and the male fused gonocoxites 11 broadly shell-like laterally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEF99EFC8033A0BE956B139CD01DF39E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Xingyue	Liu, Xingyue (2018): A review of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from China, with description of two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 57-71, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651
D97053035C353D77014191CCDA301DED.text	D97053035C353D77014191CCDA301DED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rapisma daianum Yang 1993	<div><p>Rapisma daianum Yang, 1993 Figs 1, 3, 5, 10</p><p>Rapisma daianum Yang, 1993: 147. Type locality: China (Yunnan: Menghai).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body and forewings yellowish, possibly greenish in fresh specimens. Forewing with sparse small grayish brown spots. Male head medially without dark marking. Antenna subserrate. Male gonocoxites 9 paired, covered with many short spines; each with a digitiform lobe, which is curved at tip, laterally bears a thick conical projection, and dorsally bears a flat accessory lobe, and with a short, arcuately curved lateral arm; fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly shallowly incised, but anterior margin largely truncate; gonostyli 11 fused, subquadrate, bearing short setae, posteriorly with V-shaped incision, leaving a pair of subtriangular lobes.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 18.0 mm; forewing length 22.0 mm, hindwing length 20.0 mm.</p><p>Head nearly semiglobular, slightly retracted under prothorax, visible in dorsal view. Head yellowish, immaculate in general, only with a narrow blackish brown stripe along anterior half of inner margin of compound eye. Compound eyes blackish brown; EI ratio 1.00. Antennae partly damaged, subserrate, yellowish brown to brown, with at least more than 50 antenomeres. Mandibles with tips black.</p><p>Thorax yellowish; meso- and metanotum each laterally with a pair of grayish brown markings. Legs yellowish; pretarsal claws reddish brown, proximally slightly produced.</p><p>Forewing yellowish, with sparse small grayish brown spots. Trichosors absent. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, blackish. RP with 6 pectinate branches. Hindwing much paler than forewing, immaculate. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, yellowish. RP with 3 pectinate branches.</p><p>Abdomen yellowish except for pleural portions brown. Gonocoxites 9 paired, covered with many short spines; each with a digitiform lobe, which is curved at tip, laterally bears a thick conical projection, and dorsally bears a flat accessory lobe, and with a short, arcuately curved lateral arm. Gonostyli 11 fused, subquadrate, bearing short setae, posteriorly with V-shaped incision, leaving a pair of subtriangular lobes. Fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly shallowly incised, but anterior margin largely truncate. Hypandrium internum relatively large, arrow-shaped, with slenderly foliate lateral lobes.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghai [ca. 21°57.19'N, 100°27.31'E], 1200-1600 m, 21.VII.1958, Shuyong Wang (IZCAS).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species appears to be closely related to R. corundum in having similar male gonocoxites 9, while it can be distinguished from the latter species by the forewing with grayish brown spots and the male gonostyli 11 posteriorly with V-shaped incision. In R. corundum the forewings are immaculate and the male gonostyli 11 is not incised posteriorly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D97053035C353D77014191CCDA301DED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Xingyue	Liu, Xingyue (2018): A review of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from China, with description of two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 57-71, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651
258F136D06C2E2B83E4BD5CF9AA6F5EA.text	258F136D06C2E2B83E4BD5CF9AA6F5EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rapisma xizangense Yang 1993	<div><p>Rapisma xizangense Yang, 1993 Figs 2, 3, 4, 6, 10</p><p>Rapisma xizangense Yang, 1993: 148. Type locality: China (Xizang: Jigong).</p><p>Rapisma zayuanum Yang, 1993: 149. Type locality: China (Xizang: Jigong).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body and wing coloration greatly differed between males and females, generally brownish in males but greenish in females. Male head medially with dark markings on vertex, frons and clypeus, while female head immaculate. Antenna extremely short, less than 1/5 × forewing length. Male gonocoxites 9 paired, glabrous; each with an ovoid lobe, which dorsally bears a subtriangular accessory lobe, and with a slender, arcuately curved lateral arm; fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly shallowly concaved, posteromedially truncate, posterolaterally distinctly produced in dorsal view; gonostyli 11 having subtriangular dorsal lobe with a few short setae, and flat ventral lobe distally with a pair of tufts of long setae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 13.0-14.0 mm; forewing length 19.0-20.0 mm, hindwing length 16.6-17.0 mm.</p><p>Head nearly semiglobular, largely retracted under prothorax, barely visible in dorsal view. Head yellowish brown; a narrow blackish stripe present around compound eye; vertex with a large brown marking, which is sometimes expanded, making vertex almost entirely brown; frons and clypeus medially with a brown marking that is much narrower than vertexal marking. Compound eyes dark brown; EI ratio 0.80. Antennae nearly moniliform, short, 4.4-4.5 mm long, with 27-28 flagellomeres; pale yellowish brown. Mandibles with tips black.</p><p>Thorax pale brown, meso- and metathorax slightly paler than prothorax, without any distinct markings. Legs yellowish; pretarsal claws reddish brown, proximally slightly produced.</p><p>Forewing brownish, with many small brown spots on crossveins. Trichosors absent. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, blackish. RP with 8-9 pectinate branches. Hindwing much paler than forewing, immaculate. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, blackish. RP with 6-8 pectinate branches.</p><p>Abdomen brown. Tergum 9 subtrapezoidal, with sparse short setae, posterior margin slightly concaved. Sternum 9 nearly as long as tergum 9, about 1.5 times as wide as long, subtrapezoidal. Ectoprocts nearly as long as tergum 9, ventrally divided into a pair of ovoid lobes; callus cerci present, slightly prominent. Gonocoxites 9 paired, glabrous; each with an ovoid lobe, which dorsally bears a subtriangular accessory lobe, and with a slender, arcuately curved lateral arm. Fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly shallowly concaved, posteromedially truncate, posterolaterally distinctly produced in dorsal view. Gonostyli 11 with a pair of dorsal lobes and a single ventral lobe; dorsal lobe subtriangular, with a few short setae; ventral lobe flat, distally with a pair of tufts of long setae.</p><p>Female. Body length 19.1-22.0 mm; forewing length 30.0-31.3 mm, hindwing length 26.0-26.2 mm.</p><p>Body and forewings in general greenish. Head without dark marking. Forewing sometimes with very indistinct trace of dark spots on a few crossveins.</p><p>Sternum 7 large, posteromedially with a narrow groove. Gonocoxites+gonapophyses 8 fused, broadly subtriangular, but divided by an arched transverse suture, notched distally, with a pair of digitiform projections and a weak median projection. Gonocoxites 9 nearly semicircular in lateral view, distally with tiny gonostyli 9; a pair of small setose ovoid gonapophyses 9 present posteriad gonocoxites 8 and beneath gonocoxites 9. Ectoprocts subtrapezoidal in lateral view, slightly broadened posteriad.</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Holotype male, China, Xizang, Chayu, Jigong [28°39.17'N, 97°27.21'E], 2300 m, 2.VII.1978, Guangwu Li (IZCAS). 1 female [holotype of R. zayuanum], China, Xizang, Chayu, Jigong [28°39.17'N, 97°27.21'E], 2300 m, VIII.1982, Baohai Wang (IZ CAS); 1 male, China, Xizang, Chayu [ca. 28°39.17'N, 97°27.21'E], 3.VII.2011, Ye Liu (CAU); 1 female, China, Xizang, Chayu, Shaqiong [ca. 28°39.17'N, 97°27.21'E], 10.VII.2011, Ye Liu (CAU); 1 male, China, Xizang, Chayu [ca. 28°39.17'N, 97°27.21'E], 19.VII.1997, Chaodong Zhu (IZCAS).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Xizang).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species appears to be closely related to Rapisma nepalense Barnard, 1981 from Nepal and Rapisma almoranum Barnard, 1981 from northern India in having similar yellowish brown body and medially punctuate head in males as well as male gonocoxite 9 posteriorly with glabrous, ovoid lobe. However, it can be distinguished from R. nepalense by the absence of large median dark spot on forewing and the relative broad lobe of male gonocoxite 9, and it differs from R. almoranum by the male gonocoxite 9 with a broad lobe and a subtriangular accessory lobe.</p><p>Rapisma xizangense is known for the remarkable sexual dimorphism of body and wing coloration (Wang et al. 2013). It may be interesting to figure out whether its related species also have such feature. Barnard (1981) mentioned that R. almoranum might be conspecific to Rapisma viridipenne (Walker, 1853) from Nepal and northeastern India by having similar forewing marking patterns. So far, R. viridipenne is only known from female specimens and its forewing is greenish yellow (Barnard, 1981). If R. almoranum and R. viridipenne are confirmed to be same species, the sexual dimorphism of body and wing coloration should be also present in this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/258F136D06C2E2B83E4BD5CF9AA6F5EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Xingyue	Liu, Xingyue (2018): A review of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from China, with description of two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 57-71, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651
480274AB19CE3E9E76F5C413B30E2CEC.text	480274AB19CE3E9E76F5C413B30E2CEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rapisma changqingensis	<div><p>Rapisma changqingensis sp. n. Figs 2, 3, 7, 8, 10</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body and forewings generally greenish in both males and females. Head medially without dark marking. Antenna extremely short, less than 1/5 × forewing length. Male gonocoxites 9 paired, glabrous; each with a broad subtrapezoidal lobe and a slender, arcuately curved lateral arm; fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly broadly concaved but with a semicircular median notch, posteriorly convex in dorsal view; gonostyli 11 having obtuse dorsal lobe with a few short setae, and flat ventral lobe distally with a pair of tufts of long setae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 18.0 mm; forewing length 25.0 mm, hindwing length 21.7 mm.</p><p>Head nearly semiglobular, largely retracted under prothorax, barely visible in dorsal view. Head slightly yellowish green; a narrow blackish stripe present around compound eye and slightly extending toward vertex. Compound eyes blackish brown; EI ratio 0.68. Antenna nearly moniliform, short, 4.0 mm long, with 24 flagellomeres; yellowish throughout. Mandibles with tips black.</p><p>Thorax entirely greenish, meso- and metathorax slightly paler than prothorax, without any distinct markings. Legs yellowish throughout; pretarsal claws reddish brown with base yellowish, proximally slightly produced.</p><p>Forewing greenish, immaculate. Trichosors absent. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, whitish. RP with 8 pectinate branches. Hindwing much paler than forewing. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, whitish. Costal space with a few interlink veinlets among costal crossveins on proximal half. RP with 7 pectinate branches.</p><p>Abdomen yellowish green, with terga and genitalia brown. Tergum 9 subtrapezoidal, with sparse short setae. Sternum 9 slightly shorter than tergum 9, about 2.0 times as wide as long, with slightly arcuate posterior margin. Ectoprocts slightly shorter and much narrower than tergum 9, ventrally divided into a pair of ovoid lobes; callus cerci present, slightly prominent. Gonocoxites 9 paired, glabrous; each with a broad subtrapezoidal lobe and a slender, arcuately curved lateral arm. Fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly broadly concaved but with a semicircular median notch, posteriorly convex in dorsal view. Gonostyli 11 with a pair of dorsal and a single ventral lobe; dorsal lobe obtuse, with a few short setae; ventral lobe flat, distally with a pair of tufts of long setae.</p><p>Female. Body length 24.8 mm; forewing length 32.0 mm, hindwing length 28.9 mm.</p><p>Body and forewings in general greenish. Head without dark marking. Forewing with a few tiny dark spots.</p><p>Sternum 7 large, posteromedially with a narrow groove. Gonocoxites+gonapophyses 8 fused, broadly subtrapezoid, notched distally, with a pair of digitiform projections and a weak median projection. Gonocoxites 9 nearly semicircular in lateral view, distally with tiny gonostyli 9; a pair of small setose ovoid gonapophyses 9 present posteriad gonocoxites 8 and beneath gonocoxites 9. Ectoprocts nearly semicircular in lateral view.</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Holotype male, China, Shaanxi, Yangxian, Changqing National Nature Reserve, Yangjiagou, 1281 m, 33.6390°N 107.4965°E, 18.VII.2017, Bozun Huang &amp; Zhifei Liu (CAU). Paratype: 1 female, same collecting site as holotype, 24.VII.2017, Puyuan Liu (CAU).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named based on the Changqing National Nature Reserve where type specimens of this species were collected.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Shaanxi).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species appears to be closely related to R. yanhuangi from Sichuan by the similar body and wing coloration as well as the general characteristics of male genitalia, but it can be distinguished from the latter species by the male head medially without dark marking, the male gonostyli 11 with a pair of dorsal lobes not prominent posterolaterally, and the shape of male fused gonocoxites 11. In R. yanhuangi the male head medially possesses several dark markings, the dorsal lobes of male gonostyli 11 are distinctly prominent posterolaterally, and the male fused gonocoxites 11 is differently shaped compared with R. changqingensis sp. n.</p><p>The two specimens of this new species were collected by accident in a field survey performed by a summer camp for natural education called "Wings of Nature" in Changqing National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, China. All collectors of these two specimens are middle school students. The holotype male was found falling in a pond probably from a tree nearby, while the paratype female was found resting on a tree.</p><p>The Changqing National Nature Reserve is located at the southern slope of Qinling Mountains, which is commonly considered as a boundary between Palaearctic and Oriental regions in China (Zhang 1999), and it is one of the nature reserves that harbour some endangered wildlife, such as giant pandas, crested ibises, sub-nosed monkeys, etc. The climate of the collecting site of R. changqingensis sp. n. is warm temperate, and the vegetation is kind of mixed evergreen broad-leaf and coniferous forest. However, most Rapisma species are from subtropical or tropical regions with rainforests. So far, R. changqingensis sp. n. represents the northernmost record of Rapisma .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/480274AB19CE3E9E76F5C413B30E2CEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Xingyue	Liu, Xingyue (2018): A review of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from China, with description of two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 57-71, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651
1FEA936D92A76C92937EFC20275FDA1F.text	1FEA936D92A76C92937EFC20275FDA1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rapisma yanhuangi Yang 1993	<div><p>Rapisma yanhuangi Yang, 1993 Figs 2, 3, 9, 10</p><p>Rapisma yanhuangi Yang, 1993: 147. Type locality: China (Sichuan: Chongqing).</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Body and forewings generally greenish in both males and females. Head medially with dark markings on vertex, frons and clypeus. Antenna extremely short, less than 1/5 × forewing length. Male gonocoxites 9 paired, glabrous; each with a broad subtrapezoidal lobe and a slender, arcuately curved lateral arm; fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly with a broad, subtrapezoidal incision, posteriorly truncate, laterally acutely tapering in dorsal view; gonostyli 11 having dorsal lobe posterolaterally distinctly prominent, with a few short setae, and flat ventral lobe distally with a tuft of long setae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 17.2-20.0 mm; forewing length 20.8-25.8 mm, hindwing length 18.4-22.1 mm.</p><p>Head nearly semiglobular, largely retracted under prothorax, barely visible in dorsal view. Head generally pale yellowish green; a narrow blackish stripe present around compound eye; a pair of transverse, ovoid, blackish brown markings present on vertex; several small brownish spots present along midline of frons and clypeus. Compound eyes dark brown; EI ratio 0.78. Antenna nearly moniliform, short, 4.7-4.9 mm long, with 23-26 flagellomeres; pale yellowish brown. Mandibles with tips black.</p><p>Thorax entirely greenish, meso- and metathorax slightly paler than prothorax, without any distinct markings. Legs pale yellowish brown, slightly darkened on apices of tibiae and all tarsomeres; pretarsal claws reddish brown, proximally slightly produced.</p><p>Forewing greenish, with some small grayish spots on distal half and along posterior margin, but these dark markings sometimes completely reduced. Trichosors absent. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, blackish, sometimes with a distinct black spot. RP with 6-9 pectinate branches. Hindwing much paler than forewing. A proximal nygma present between RP+MA and MP, blackish. RP with 6-7 pectinate branches.</p><p>Abdomen yellowish brown, with terga and genitalia greenish. Tergum 9 subtrapezoidal, with sparse short setae. Sternum 9 slightly shorter than tergum 9, about 2.5 times as wide as long, with slightly arcuate posterior margin. Ectoprocts slightly shorter and much narrower than tergum 9, ventrally divided into a pair of ovoid lobes; callus cerci present, slightly prominent. Gonocoxites 9 paired, glabrous; each with a broad subtrapezoidal lobe and a slender, arcuately curved lateral arm. Fused gonocoxites 11 generally arched, anteriorly with a broad, subtrapezoidal incision, posteriorly truncate, laterally acutely tapering in dorsal view. Gonostyli 11 with a pair of dorsal and a pair of ventral lobes; dorsal lobe posterolaterally distinctly prominent, with a few short setae; ventral lobe flat, distally with a tuft of long setae.</p><p>Female. Body length 18.0-20.0 mm; forewing length 27.0-27.3 mm, hindwing length 27.0-24.0 mm.</p><p>Body and forewings in general greenish. Head slightly darkened on vertex, with or without a dark spot on frons. Forewing without any dark marking.</p><p>Sternum 7 large, posteromedially with a narrow groove. Gonocoxites+gonapophyses 8 fused, nearly pentagonal, but divided by an arched transverse suture, notched distally, with a pair of digitiform projections and a weak median projection. Gonocoxites 9 nearly semicircular in lateral view, distally with tiny gonostyli 9; a pair of small setose ovoid gonapophyses 9 present posteriad gonocoxites 8 and beneath gonocoxites 9. Ectoprocts ovoid in lateral view.</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Holotype female, China, Sichuan, Chongqing [= Chongzhou, ca. 30°37.29'N, 103°40.13'E], 31.V.1954, Hechang Liu (IZCAS). 4 male 1 female, China, Sichuan, Shimian, Liziping Nature Reserve, Gongyihai Station [29°05.35'N, 102°20.11'E], 2100 m, 22-25.VII.2007, Liu, Zhang, Zhou &amp; Bi (SEMCAS).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was originally described based on a single female specimen (Yang 1993). As the new materials, particularly the female, show almost same characteristics to the holotype female, I identified them to be R. yanhuangi . Nevertheless, further confirmation on the present identification should be considered if male specimens from the type locality are found in the future. The new materials of R. yanhuangi were collected by light trap. Among the male specimens the greenish forewings possess a few grayish spots or lack any dark spots, while the median dark spot on frons is present in the holotype female but absent in another female of the new materials. It suggests that identification of Rapisma species based solely on head and wing markings must be cautious as these characters are variable among conspecific individuals in some species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1FEA936D92A76C92937EFC20275FDA1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Xingyue	Liu, Xingyue (2018): A review of the montane lacewing genus Rapisma McLachlan (Neuroptera, Ithonidae) from China, with description of two new species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 57-71, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21651
