taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B08780FFEE3A09FF5BA033FBB2F9A2.taxon	materials_examined	All genera of the Sternopygidae (see comparative material examined) were used for the purpose of character polarization. The results revealed a putative synapomorphy that supports the monophyly of the E. trilineata species group (Eigenmannia antonioi sp. nov., Eigenmannia desantanai sp. nov., Eigenmannia guairaca sp. nov., Eigenmannia matintapereira sp. nov., E. microstoma, Eigenmannia muirapinima sp. nov., Eigenmannia pavulagem sp. nov., E. trilineata, E. vicentespelaea, and Eigenmannia waiwai sp. nov.): presence of a superior medial stripe. The species of the Eigenmanniinae lack a stripe characterized by a concentration of chromatophores between the lateral line and the proximal portion of the pterygiophores of the anal fin. In contrast, this character is uniquely present in all species of the E. trilineata species group. This feature is consequently hypothesized to be an exclusive synapomorphy for the E. trilineata species group.	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFEE3A02FC11A0BFFECFF915.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 B, 2, 3, 4 B, 5 B; TABLE 1)	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFEE3A02FC11A0BFFECFF915.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eigenmannia antonioi can be distinguished from other species in the E. trilineata species 388 L. A. W. PEIXOTO ET AL. group, except E. microstoma and E. trilineata, by the mouth width 20.0 – 25.1 % HL (versus 13.1 – 18.4 % in E. desantanai; 12.9 – 17.5 % in E. guairaca; 12.6 – 16.1 % in E. matintapereira; 13.2 – 18.1 % in E. muirapinima; 10.8 – 19.0 in E. pavulagem; 9.5 – 17.2 % in E. vicentespelaea; and 9.5 – 14.6 % in E. waiwai). Eigenmannia antonioi differs from E. microstoma and E. trilineata by the suborbital depth 18.4 – 27.8 % HL (versus 29.9 – 40.8 % and 32.5 – 46.6 %, respectively); by the dentition pattern of the premaxilla with eight to 12 teeth distributed in two rows (outermost row with three to six teeth; innermost row with four to six teeth) [versus 16 teeth distributed in three rows (outermost row with five teeth; median row with six; innermost with five teeth) in E. microstoma; and the 31 – 33 teeth distributed in four rows (outermost row with eight or nine teeth; second row with five or six; third row with ten; innermost with seven or nine teeth) in E. trilineata] and by the length of anterodorsal process of maxillary corresponding to 50 % of the width of the posteri- or nostril (Fig. 4; versus equal to the width of the posterior nostril in E. trilineata and E. microstoma). Eigenmannia antonioi can be further distinguished from E. microstoma by the length of the coronomeckelian bone 20 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage (Fig. 5; versus 45 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage in E. microstoma). Additionally, E. antonioi can be distinguished from E. trilineata by the depth of the posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2, which approximately equals the total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2 (Fig. 1; versus less than 50 % of the length of infraorbitals 1 + 2 in E. trilineata), and by eight or nine endopterygoid teeth (versus 17 in E. trilineata). Description: Morphometric data in Table 1. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body nearly straight from rear of head to vertical through middle of anal fin, and then posteroventrally aligned with distal portion of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body slightly concave along anterior half of abdominal cavity, then posterodorsally aligned with last analfin ray. Ventral profile of caudal filament straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed, with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head convex from upper lip to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head slightly concave from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth terminal. Upper lip slightly overlapping lower lip. Premaxillary teeth 8 (1), 9 (2), or 12 (1); distributed in two rows [outermost row with 3 (1), 4 (1), 5 (1), or 6 (1) teeth; innermost row with 4 (2) or 6 (2) teeth]. Maxilla with sickle-shaped anterodorsal process equal to 50 % of width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth 8 (1), 11 (1), 14 (1), or 15 (1), distributed in one or two rows [outermost row with 6 (2), 7 (1), or 8 (1) teeth; innermost row with 5 (2) or 7 (1) teeth]. Dentary teeth increasing abruptly in size from the fourth or fifth teeth of outermost row towards rictus. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % length of Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 8 (3) or 9 (1) teeth in single row. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tube-like, with posterior margin located at vertical through posterior margin of rictus or in median portion of rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anterior half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 approximately equals total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elongate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically. Anus and urogenital papilla at vertical through posterior margin of orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete, with 113 (1), 115 (1), 120 (2), 121 (1), 122 (2), 123 (3), 124 (4), 126 (2), 127 (3), 128 (4), 130 (2), 131 (1), or 132 * (3) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 8 (18), 9 * (8), or 10 (3). Scales over anal-fin pterygiophores approximately one-half size of others. Pectoral-fin rays ii, 13 * (13) or ii, 14 (16). Distal margin of pectoral fin slightly rounded. Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through anal-fin rays 16 – 19. Anal-fin origin immediately posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base. Total anal-fin rays, 166 – 207 (190 *, N = 29; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin slightly convex. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally, relatively short and approximately 30 % of LEA in mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae, 13 (1) or 14 (3). Anterior vertebrae, 11 (3) or 12 (1), transitional vertebrae, 2 (2) or 3 (2). Displaced haemal spines, 3 (4). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour brown. Dorsal region of head dark brown; gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region light brown. Dorsal region of body dark brown, gradually becoming lighter in region overlying anal-fin pterygiophores. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateral line scale to distal portion of caudal filament. Superior medial stripe thick, three scales deep, tapering from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 21 – 33 to posterior one-third of body. Inferior medial stripe moderately thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 15 – 31 to posterior one-third of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, two or three scales deep, extending from vertical between base of ninth and 20 th anal-fin ray to last anal-fin ray. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes. Distribution: Eigenmannia antonioi sp. nov. is known only from Rio Anapu at Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, a tributary of the lower portion of Rio Amazonas, state of Pará, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet antonioi is in memory to Antônio da Silva Wanderley, grandfather of the first author. Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Pará: MPEG 10181, 152.2 mm LEA, Rio Anapu at Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Município de Portel, Rio Amazonas basin, 02 ° 05 ′ 0.7 ″ S, 51 ° 29 ′ 43.8 ″ W, collected by L. Montag, 25 March 2004. Paratypes: Brazil. Pará: all from Rio Anapu at Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Município de Portel, Rio Amazonas basin. MPEG 9940, 1, 66.4 mm LEA, collected by L. Montag, 10 November 2004. MPEG 10156, 1, 97.4 mm LEA, collected by L. Montag, 10 November 2004. MPEG 10167, 4, 79.5 – 112.3 mm LEA, collected by L. Montag, 25 March 2004. MPEG 10182, 6 + 1 CS, 77.0 – 118.3 mm LEA, collected by L. Montag, 24 November 2003. MPEG 10186, 5, 71.7 – 109.0 mm LEA, 2 ° 05 ′ 0.7 ″ S, 51 ° 29 ′ 43.8 ″ W, collected by L. Montag, 24 November 2003. MPEG 29486, 2, 81.2 – 84.6 mm LEA, collected with holotype. MZUSP 116795, 2 + 2 CS, 107.5 – 121.6 mm LEA; INPA 46983, 2, 80.7 – 88.3 mm LEA; MCP 48613, 2, 88.6 – 91.0 mm LEA, collected with MPEG 10182. Non-type specimens: Brazil. Pará: all from Rio Anapu at Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Município de Portel, Rio Amazonas basin. MPEG 29487, 11, 63.6 – 79.3 mm LEA. MPEG 29488, 6, 37.1 – 74.8 mm LEA. MPEG 10170, 1, 78.7 mm TL (damaged). MPEG 10177, 3 + 1 CS, 41.3 – 75.7 mm LEA. MPEG 11508, 1, 16.1 mm TL (damaged).	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFE53A00FE8FA0DEFACEFD7D.taxon	description	(FIGS 7, 8; TABLE 1) Diagnosis: Eigenmannia desantanai can be distinguished from other species in the E. trilineata species group by the inferior medial stripe, which is one scale deep (versus two or three scales deep). Eigenmannia desantanai can be further distinguished from the other members of the species group, except for E. waiwai, by the 11 or 12 precaudal vertebrae (versus 13 or 14 in E. antonioi; 15 in E. guairaca, E. muirapinima, and E. vicentespelaea; 13 in E. matintapereira; 14 or 15 in E. microstoma and E. trilineata; and 13 – 15 in E. pavulagem). Eigenmannia desantanai can be differentiated from E. waiwai by the terminal mouth (versus subterminal); the orbital diameter 14.5 – 19.6 % HL (versus 22.6 – 28.8 %); the length of the anterodorsal process of the maxilla equal to 50 % of the width of the posterior nostril (versus 1.5 times the width of the posterior nostril); the depth of the posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 approximately equal to the total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2 (versus less than 50 % of the length of infraorbitals 1 + 2); and by the dentition pattern of the dentary with 21 – 23 teeth distributed in two rows (outermost row with ten to 12 teeth; innermost row with nine to 13 teeth) [versus 37 or 38 teeth distributed in four rows (outermost row with seven teeth; second with 11 – 15 teeth; third with eight to 15; innermost row with four to eight teeth)]. Description: Morphometric data in Table 1. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from rear of head to vertical through middle of anal fin, and then posteroventrally aligned with tip of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body slightly concave from anterior margin of dentary to first anal-fin ray, then posteroventrally aligned with last anal-fin ray. Ventral profile of caudal filament nearly straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin of pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from upper lip to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head slightly concave from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth terminal. Upper lip slightly overlapping lower lip. Premaxillary teeth 24 (1) or 25 (1) distributed in four rows [outermost row with 5 (2) teeth; second row with 6 (1) or 8 (1) teeth; third row with 6 (1) or 7 (1) teeth; innermost row with 7 (1) or 8 (1) teeth]. Maxilla with sickle-shaped anterodorsal process equal to 50 % width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth, 21 (1) or 23 (1) distributed in two rows [outermost row with 10 (1) or 12 (1) teeth; innermost row with 9 (1) or 13 (1) teeth]. Dentary teeth all similar in size. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of length of Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 14 (1) or 15 (1) teeth in two series. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tubelike, with posterior margin located at vertical through posterior margin of rictus or in median portion of rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anterior one-half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 equal to total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elongate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus, extending to inferior margin of branchial aperture. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically. Anus and urogenital papilla at vertical through posterior margin of orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete, with 112 (6), 113 (1), 118 (1), 120 (3), 121 (1), 125 (1), 128 * (4), 130 (1), or 132 (2) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 8 (7), 9 (6), or 10 * (7). Scales over anal-fin pterygiophores approximately one-half size of others. Pectoral-fin rays, ii, 12 * (18), ii, 13 (1), or ii, 14 (1). Distal margin of pectoral fin slightly rounded. Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through base of anal-fin rays 16 – 20. Anal-fin origin immediately posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base. Total anal-fin rays, 170 – 198 (185 *, N = 20; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin approximately concave. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally, relatively short, and approximately 25 % LEA in mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae 11 (1) or 12 (1). Anterior vertebrae 9 (2), transitional vertebrae 2 (1) or 3 (1). Displaced haemal spines 3 (2). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour dark yellow. Dorsal region of head dark brown; gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region light brown. Dorsal region of body dark brown, gradually becoming lighter in region overlying anal-fin pterygiophores. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateral-line scale to distal portion of caudal filament. Superior medial stripe moderately thick, two scales deep, tapering from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 20 – 28 to posterior onethird of body. Superior medial stripe hardly discernible in specimens over 85.0 mm LEA. Inferior medial stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from vertical through base of anal-fin rays 13 – 17 to posterior onethird of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 9 – 14 to last anal-fin ray. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes. Distribution: Eigenmannia desantanai sp. nov. is known only from Rio Cuiabá, Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet ‘ desantanai ’ is in honour of Carlos David de Santana, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of the Gymnotiformes. Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Mato Grosso: MPEG 31306, 129.2 mm LEA, Rio Cuiabá, Baía de Chacororé, Rio Paraguai basin, Município de Barão de Melgaço, 16 ° 14 ′ 58.9 ″ S, 55 ° 52 ′ 44.4 ″ W, collected by Nupélia’s team, 20 October 2003. Paratypes: Brazil. Mato Grosso: NUP 12500, 9, 78.3 – 106.1 mm LEA, collected with holotype. NUP 3470, 9 + 1 CS, 119.8 – 142.8 mm LEA, Rio Cuiabá, Rio Paraguai basin, Município de Santo Antônio do Leverger, 15 ° 58 ′ 26 ″ S, 55 ° 56 ′ 26 ″ W, collected by Nupélia’s team, 24 October 2002; MPEG 31164, 1 + 1 CS, 136.1 – 136.8 mm LEA, collected with NUP 3470.	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFE73A06FC23A501FD9EFA6B.taxon	description	(FIGS 9, 10; TABLE 1) Diagnosis: Eigenmannia guairaca can be distinguished from other species in the E. trilineata species group, except E. desantanai, E. microstoma, and E. muirapinima, by the ii, 11 – 12 pectoral-fin rays (versus ii, 13 – 14 in E. antonioi and E. pavulagem; ii, 16 – 17 in E. matintapereira; ii, 14 – 15 in E. trilineata; ii, 15 – 17 in E. vicentespelaea; and ii, 13 – 15 in E. waiwai). Eigenmannia guairaca differs from E. desantanai, E. microstoma, and E. muirapinima by the number of total anal-fin rays, 151 – 170 (versus 170 – 198 in E. desantanai and E. muirapinima; and 173 – 207 in E. microstoma). Eigenmannia guairaca can be further distinguished from E. desantanai and E. muirapinima by the five or six endopterygoid teeth (versus 14 – 15 in E. desantanai and eight or nine in E. muirapinima). Eigenmannia guairaca differs from E. desantanai by the dentition pattern of the premaxilla with nine or ten teeth distributed in two rows (outermost row with four teeth; innermost row with five or six teeth) [versus 21 – 23 teeth distributed in two rows (outermost row with ten to 12 teeth; innermost row with nine to 13 teeth)]. Eigenmannia guairaca can be further distinguished from E. microstoma by the suborbital depth, 22.2 – 27.5 % HL (versus 29.9 – 40.8 %); the length of anterodorsal process of the maxilla equal to 50 % of the width of posterior nostril (versus equal to the width of the posterior nostril); and the length of the coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage (versus 45 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage). Eigenmannia guairaca can be further distinguished from all species in the E. trilineata species group, except E. microstoma and E. pavulagem, by 15 precaudal vertebrae (versus 13 or 14 in E. antonioi, E. muirapinima and E. vicentespelaea; 11 or 12 in E. desantanai; 13 in E. matintapereira and E. trilineata; and 12 or 13 in E. waiwai). Description: Morphometric data in Table 1. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body nearly straight from rear of head to posterior onethird of anal fin, and then posteroventrally aligned with distal portion of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body posteroventrally aligned from anterior margin of dentary to first anal-fin ray, and then posterodorsally aligned with last anal-fin ray. Ventral profile of caudal filament straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin of pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from upper lip to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head slightly concave from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth terminal. Upper lip slightly overlap- ping lower lip. Premaxillary teeth, 9 (1) or 10 (1); distributed in two rows [outermost row with 4 (2) teeth; innermost row with 5 (1) or 6 (1) teeth]. Maxilla with sickle-shaped anterodorsal process equal to 50 % of width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth 17 (1) or 19 (1) distributed in two rows [outermost row with 10 (1) or 11 (1) teeth; innermost row with 7 (1) or 8 (1) teeth]. Dentary teeth all similar in size. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % length of Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 5 (1) or 6 (1) teeth in single row. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tube-like, with posterior margin located at vertical through posteri- or margin or in median portion of rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anteri- or half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 equals total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elongate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically. Anus and urogenital papilla at vertical through posterior margin of orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete, with 113 (1), 119 (1), 120 (1), 122 (2), 124 (2), 132 * (1), or 143 (3) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 9 * (5), 10 (5), or 11 (1). Scales over anal-fin pterygiophores approximately one-half the size of others. Pectoral-fin rays, ii, 11 (3) or ii, 12 * (8). Distal margin of pectoral fin slightly rounded. Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through base of anal-fin rays 16 – 20. Analfin origin immediately posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base. Total anal-fin rays 151 – 170 (155 *, N = 11; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin slightly convex. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally; relatively short and approximately 25 % LEA in sexually mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae 15 (2). Anterior vertebrae 13 (2). Transitional vertebrae 2 (2). Displaced haemal spines 3 (1) or 4 (1). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour pale brown. Dorsal region of head dark brown; gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region yellowish. Dorsal region of body brown; gradually becoming lighter to region overlying anal-fin pterygiophores. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateral-line scale to distal portion of caudal filament. Superior medial stripe thick, three scales deep, taper- ing from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 20 – 30 to posterior one-third of body. Inferior medial stripe moderately thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 12 – 23 to posterior one-third of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of analfin rays 1 – 16 to last anal-fin ray. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes. Distribution: Eigenmannia guairaca sp. nov. is known only from Riacho Água do Ó, a tributary of the Rio Paranapanema, upper Rio Paraná basin, Paraná, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet ‘ guairaca ’ is a reference to the legendary Guairacá, a brave Indian chief who was protector of the lands and the Guarani people. A noun in apposition. Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Paraná: MPEG 31307, 133.3 mm LEA, Riacho Água do Ó, tributary of Rio Paranapanema, upper Rio Paraná basin, Município de Santa Fé, 23 ° 01 ′ 08 ″ S, 51 ° 51 ′ 37.8 ″ W, collected by C. Pavanelli and others, 16 December 2008. Paratypes: Brazil. Paraná: NUP 6467, 8 + 1 CS, 81.4 – 135.8 mm LEA; MPEG 31165, 1 + 1 CS (damaged), 115.7 mm LEA, collected with holotype.	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFE13A04FF62A033FEF7FB2A.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 A, 4 A, 11, 12; TABLE 1)	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFE13A04FF62A033FEF7FB2A.taxon	description	Diagnosis: Eigenmannia matintapereira differs from other species in the E. trilineata species group by the pectoral-fin, which is uniformly dark or has a dark medial blotch (versus hyaline), and the anal-fin coloration of a uniformly darkened (versus hyaline). Eigenmannia matintapereira can be further distinguished from species of the E. trilineata species group, except E. vicentespelaea, by the ii, 16 – 17 pectoral-fin rays (versus ii, 13 – 14 in E. antonioi and E. pavulagem; ii, 11 – 12 in E. guairaca and E. muirapinima; ii, 12 – 14 in E. desantanai; ii, 14 – 15 in E. microstoma and E. trilineata; and ii, 13 – 15 in E. waiwai). Eigenmannia matintapereira can be distinguished from E. vicentespelaea by the terminal mouth (versus subterminal); the number of total anal-fin rays 216 – 222 (versus 169 – 191); between ten and 12 scales above lateral line (versus seven or eight); and 130 – 145 scales to the end of anal fin (versus 110 – 125). Eigenmannia matintapereira also differs from species allocated to the E. trilineata species-group, except E. trilineata, by the number of total anal-fin rays 216 – 222 (versus 166 – 207 in E. antonioi; 170 – 198 in E. desantanai and E. muirapinima; 151 – 170 in E. guairaca; 173 – 207 in E. microstoma; 176 – 201 in E. pavulagem; 197 – 201 in E. vicentespelaea; and 167 – 195 in E. waiwai). Eigenmannia matintapereira can be distinguished from E. trilineata by the suborbital depth 18.2 – 26.1 % HL (versus 32.5 – 46.6 %); the orbital diameter 21.6 – 28.8 % HL (versus 15.3 – 21.6 %); and the ii, 16 – 17 pectoral-fin rays (versus ii, 14 – 15). Description: Morphometric data in Table 1. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body straight from rear of head to vertical through middle of anal fin; then posteroventrally aligned with distal portion of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body slightly concave or posteroventrally aligned along anterior half of abdominal cavity; then posterodorsally aligned with last anal-fin ray. Ventral margin of caudal filament straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin of pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head posterodorsally aligned from upper lip to posterior margin of orbit, concave to vertical through posterior margin of opercle, and straight to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head posteroventrally aligned from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth terminal. Upper lip slightly overlapping lower lip or anterior profile of lips in same vertical. Premaxillary teeth 22 (1) or 24 (1) distributed in four rows [outermost row with 3 (1) or 4 (1) teeth; second row with 5 (1) or 6 (1) teeth; third row with 7 (2) teeth; innermost with 6 (1) or 8 (1) teeth]. Maxilla with sickle-shaped anterodorsal process equal to width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth 25 (1) or 27 (1) distributed in two series [outermost row with 15 (1) or 16 (1) teeth; innermost row with 9 (1) or 11 (1) teeth]. Dentary teeth similar in size. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of length of Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 9 (1) or 12 (1) teeth in one or two series. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tube-like, with posterior margin located at vertical through posterior margin of rictus or in median portion of rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anterior half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 equals 50 % length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elongate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically. Anus and urogenital papilla at vertical through middle of, or posterior margin of, orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete, with 130 (2), 131 (1) *, 132 (2), 136 (3), or 145 (2) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 10 (3), 11 * (4), or 12 (3). Scales over anal-fin pterygiophores approximately one-half the size of others. Pectoral-fin rays, ii, 16 (4) or ii, 17 * (6). Distal margin of pectoral fin approximately straight. Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through base of anal-fin rays 28 – 35. Anal-fin origin at vertical on base of first pectoralfin ray; total anal-fin rays, 216 – 222 (206 *, N = 10; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin straight. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally; relatively short and approximately 50 % LEA in mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae 13 (2). Anterior vertebrae 9 (1) or 10 (1). Transitional vertebrae 3 (1) or 4 (1). Displaced haemal spines 2 (1) or 3 (1). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour dark. Head dark dorsally and gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region dark. Body dark dorsally and gradually becoming lighter to region overlying anal-fin pterygiophores. Specimens up to 80.0 mm LEA, with background colour yellowish. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateralline scale to distal portion of caudal filament. Superi- or medial stripe thick, between three and five scales deep, tapering from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 25 – 31 to posterior one-third of body. Inferior medial stripe thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 27 – 30 to posterior onethird of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, six or seven scales deep, extending from vertical through base of first to vertical through base of last anal-fin ray. Stripes in specimens up to 80.0 mm LEA, less conspicuous. Pectoral fin uniformly darkened or with dark blotch in median portion, distal margin hyaline. Anal fin uniformly dark. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes in juveniles up to 80.0 mm LEA. Distribution: Eigenmannia matintapereira sp. nov. is known from Rio Uneiuxi and Rio Urubaxi, tributaries of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet ‘ matintapereira ’ is a reference to ‘ Matinta Pereira’, the mythical figure that haunts people in search of tobacco and coffee in northern Brazil. According to reports, its appearance is marked by a blackened aspect, an allusion to the colour pattern present in Eigenmannia matintapereira sp. nov. Remarks: Eigenmannia matintapereira sp. nov. has an intensely dark background colour, a pectoral fin that is black or with a dark blotch, and an anal fin uniformly darkened. This colour pattern is similar to that in E. nigra; however, it can be easily distinguished from E. nigra by: the presence of four stripes along the body (versus stripes absent); 216 – 222 anal-fin rays (versus 231 – 247); body depth at the vertical through the tip of longest pectoral-fin ray, 14.1 – 15.0 % LEA (versus 16.6 – 18.9 %); body depth at the vertical through first analfin ray, 11.6 – 12.5 % LEA (versus 13.3 – 15.0 %); orbital diameter, 21.6 – 28.8 % LEA (versus 15.1 – 20.0 %); and suborbital depth 18.2 – 26.1 % HL (versus 28.9 – 35.2 %). Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Amazonas: MZUSP 109618, 152.9 mm LEA, Rio Uneiuxi, Rio Negro basin, Município de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, 0 ° 21 ′ 45.0 ″ S, 65 ° 04 ′ 13.0 ″ W, collected by M. Toledo-Piza, O. Oyakawa, G. Mattox, and J. Santana, 8 February 2011. Paratypes: Brazil. Amazonas: MZUSP 117004, 3 + 1 CS, 79.7 – 143.6 mm LEA, collected with holotype. MZUSP 109695, 5 + 1 CS, 65.7 – 167.7 mm LEA, Rio Urubaxi, Rio Negro basin, 0 ° 30 ′ 6 ″ S, 64 ° 49 ′ 11 ″ W, collected by M. Toledo-Piza, O. Oyakawa, G. Mattox, and J. Santana, 9 February 2011; MPEG 963, 1, 91.62 mm LEA, Rio Negro, collected by M. Goulding, 24 October 1979; MPEG 1314, 2, 76.9 – 94.6, Ilha Gavião, Rio Negro basin, collected by T. Bullock, 15 May 1967. MZUSP 29973, 1, 99.7 mm LEA, Rio Arirará, collect- ed by M. Goulding, 6 October 1979. MZUSP 29974, 1, 123.6 mm LEA, Rio Marauiá, Rio Negro Basin, collected by M. Goulding, 13 October 1979. MZUSP 29975, 3, 100 – 120.6 mm LEA (1 specimen damaged) Rio Negro, collected by M. Goulding, 18 October 1979. MZUSP 29981, 1, 120.3 mm LEA, Rio Negro, collect- ed by M. Goulding, 16 February 1980. Non-type specimens: LBP 18301, 9, 49.1 – 142.3 mm LEA, Rio Negro, 0 ° 30 ′ 5.3 ″ S, 64 ° 49 ′ 12.2 ″ W (all specimens damaged).	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFFC3A19FC0BA2FDFB05FEF8.taxon	description	(FIGS 15, 16; TABLE 3) Diagnosis: Eigenmannia muirapinima can be distinguished from other species in the E. trilineata species group, except E. desantanai, E. guairaca, and E. microstoma, by the ii, 11 – 12 pectoral-fin rays (versus ii, 13 – 14 in E. antonioi and E. pavulagem; ii, 16 – 17 in E. matintapereira and E. trilineata; ii, 15 – 17 in E. vicentespelaea; and ii, 13 – 15 in E. waiwai). Eigenmannia muirapinima differs from E. desantanai and E. microstoma by the pattern of premaxillary dentition with eight to ten teeth distributed in two rows (outer row with three to five teeth; inner with four to six teeth) [versus 24 – 25 teeth distributed in four rows (outermost row with five teeth; second row with six to eight teeth; third row with six to seven teeth; innermost row with seven to eight teeth); and 16 teeth distributed in three rows (outermost row with five teeth; middle row with six; innermost with five teeth), respectively]. Eigenmannia muirapinima also differs from E. desantanai by depth of the inferior medial stripe of two or three scales deep (versus one scale deep). Eigenmannia muirapinima can be further distinguished from E. microstoma by: suborbital depth 18.7 – 28.4 % HL (versus 29.9 – 40.8 %); length of anterodorsal process of maxillar equal to 50 % of the width of the posterior nostril (versus equal to the width of posteri- or nostril); and coronomeckelian bone length equal to 20 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage (versus 45 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage). Eigenmannia muirapinima also differs from E. guairaca by the number of total anal-fin rays 170 – 198 (versus 151 – 170). Description: Morphometric data are presented in Table 3. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body nearly straight from rear of head to vertical through middle of anal fin, and then posteroventrally aligned with distal portion of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body posteroventrally aligned from anterior margin of dentary to anal-fin rays 15 – 30, and then posterodorsally aligned with last anal-fin ray. Ventral margin of caudal filament straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin of pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from upper lip to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head slightly concave from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth terminal. Upper lip slightly overlapping lower lip or jaws of same length. Premaxilla teeth, 8 (1), 9 (2), or 10 (1), distributed in two rows [outer row with 3 (1), 4 (1), or 5 (1) teeth; inner row with 4 (2), 5 (2), or 6 (1) teeth]. Maxilla with sickle-shaped anterodorsal process equal to 50 % of width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth 11 (2), 13 (1), 15 (1), or 16 (1), distribut- ed in one or two rows [outer row with 7 (1), 8 (1), 9 (1), 10 (1), or 11 (1) teeth; inner row with 4 (1) or 5 (3) teeth]. Dentary teeth increasing abruptly in size from fifth, sixth, or seventh teeth of outer row towards rictus. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of length of Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 8 (2) or 9 (3) teeth in two series. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tube-like, with posterior margin located at vertical through posterior margin of or in median portion of rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anterior half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 equals total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elongate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically. Anus and urogenital papilla at vertical through posterior margin of orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete, with 100 (2), 101 (1), 113 (1), 117 * (4), 119 (2), 120 (1), 121 (1), 126 (1), 128 (3), 129 (2), or 140 (1) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 8 (2), 9 (4), 10 * (5), 11 (3), 12 (2), or 13 (3). Scales over anal-fin pterygiophores approximately one-half the size of others. Pectoral-fin rays ii, 11 * (11) or ii, 12 (8). Distal margin of fin slightly rounded. Tip of pectoral fin margin reaching vertical through base of anal-fin rays 18 – 21. Analfin origin located immediately posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base; total anal-fin rays, 170 – 198 (179 *, N = 18; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin approximately concave. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally, relatively short and approximately 30 % of LEA in mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae 13 (4) or 14 (1). Anterior vertebrae 11 (5). Transitional vertebrae 2 (4) or 3 (1). Displaced haemal spines 2 (1) or 3 (4). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour darkened. Head dark dorsally and gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region dark yellow. Body dark brown dorsally, gradually becoming lighter to region overlying anal-fin pterygiophores. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateral-line scale to distal portion of caudal filament. Superior medial stripe thick, two or three scales deep, tapering from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 21 – 30 to posterior one-third of body. Inferior medial stripe moderately thick, two or three scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 12 – 22 to posterior one-third of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 1 – 10 to last anal-fin ray. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes. Distribution: Eigenmannia muirapinima sp. nov. is known from Igarapé Santo Antônio and Lago Jará, both tributaries of Rio Amazonas, Rio Amazonas basin, Pará, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet ‘ muirapinima ’ is a tribute to the indigenous people of the tribe Muirapinima, who inhabit the region near the type locality of the species. Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Pará: MPEG 21778, 98.7 mm LEA, Igarapé Santo Antônio, tributary of Rio Amazonas, Rio Amazonas basin, 2 ° 09 ′ 15.9 ″ S, 56 ° 05 ′ 17.9 ″ W, collect- ed by W. Wosiacki, R. Raiol, and M. Mendonça, 6 October 2011. Paratypes: Brazil. Pará: MPEG 21777, 1 + 3 CS, 84.6 – 98.5 mm LEA, Lago Jará, tributary of Rio Amazonas, Rio Amazonas basin, 2 ° 12 ′ 45 ″ S, 56 ° 00 ′ 45.4 ″ W, col- lected by W. Wosiacki, 6 October 2011. MPEG 22163, 1, 86.7 mm LEA, Lago Jará, tributary of Rio Amazonas, Rio Amazonas basin, 2 ° 09 ′ 15.9 ″ S, 56 ° 05 ′ 17.9 ″ W, collected by L. Peixoto, 5 October 2011; MPEG 29489, 9, 76.2 – 97.7 mm LEA; MZUSP 116796, 2 + 2 CS, 80.0 – 96.9 mm LEA, collected with holotype.	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFFE3A1FFC07A782FC1CFB23.taxon	description	(FIGS 17, 18; TABLE 3)	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFFE3A1FFC07A782FC1CFB23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eigenmannia pavulagem can be distinguished from other species in the E. trilineata species group, except E. guairaca and E. microstoma, by the pattern of premaxillary dentition with 13 – 16 teeth distributed in three rows (outer row with three to five teeth; middle row with five to six; inner row with four to six) [versus eight to 12 teeth distributed in two rows [outer row with 3 – 6 teeth; inner row with 4 – 6 teeth] in E. antonioi; 24 or 25 teeth distributed in four rows [outermost row with 5 teeth; second row with 6 – 8 teeth; third row with 6 or 7 teeth; innermost row with 7 or 8 teeth] in E. desantanai; 22 – 24 teeth distributed in four rows (outermost row with three or four teeth; second row with five or six teeth; third row with seven teeth; innermost with six to eight teeth) in E. matintapereira; eight to ten teeth distributed in two rows (outer row with three to five teeth; inner row with four to six teeth) in E. muirapinima; 31 – 33 teeth distributed in four rows (outermost row with eight or nine teeth; second row with five or six; third row with ten; innermost row with seven to nine teeth) in E. trilineata; 25 – 26 teeth distributed in four rows (outermost with five or six teeth; second row with four to seven teeth; third row with seven or eight teeth; innermost row with five to nine teeth) in E. vicentespelaea; and 35 – 40 teeth distributed in five rows (outermost row with seven to eight teeth; second row with seven or eight teeth; third row with eight or nine teeth; fourth row with seven to nine teeth; innermost row with six teeth) in E. waiwai]. Eigenmannia pavulagem can be distinguished from E. guairaca by the ii, 13 – 14 pectoral-fin rays (versus ii, 11 – 12), and by the number of total analfin rays 176 – 201 (versus 151 – 170). Eigenmannia pavulagem can be differentiated from E. microstoma by the suborbital depth 19.4 – 27.4 % HL (versus 29.9 – 40.8 %); the length of anterodorsal process of maxilla equal to 50 % the width of the posterior nostril (versus equal to the width of the posterior nostril); and the coronomeckelian bone length equal to 20 % the length of Meckel’s cartilage (versus 45 % the length of Meckel’s cartilage). Description: Morphometric data are presented in Table 3. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body nearly straight from rear of head to vertical through middle of anal fin, and then posteroventrally aligned with distal portion of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body slightly concave along anterior half of abdominal cavity, then posterodorsally aligned with last anal-fin ray. Ventral margin of caudal filament straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin of pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed, with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from upper lip to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head slightly concave from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth terminal. Upper lip slightly overlapping lower lip. Premaxillary teeth, 13 (1), 14 (1), 15 (2), or 16 (1), distributed in three rows [outermost row with 3 (2), 4 (2), or 5 (1) teeth; median row with 5 (1) or 6 (4) teeth; innermost row with 4 (2), 5 (1), or 6 (2) teeth]. Maxilla with sickle-shaped anterodorsal process equal to 50 % of width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth 15 (1), 17 (1), 20 (2), or 21 (1), distributed in two rows [outer row 11 (1), 12 (3), or 16 (1) teeth; inner row with 4 (1), 5 (2), or 8 (2) teeth]. Dentary teeth increasing abruptly in size from seventh, ninth, or tenth teeth of outer row towards rictus. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of length Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 8 (1), 9 (1), 10 (2), or 11 (1) teeth in one or two rows. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tube-like, with posteri- or margin located at vertical through posterior margin of, or in median portion of, rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anterior half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 equals total length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elongate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically and at vertical through posterior margin of orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete with 120 (1), 121 (2), 125 (1), 126 (1), 127 (1), 128 (1), 129 (4), 130 (1), 131 (1), 132 (3), 133 (2), 134 (1), 135 (2), 136 (1), 137 * (3), 138 (1), 139 (2), 140 (2), 144 (1), or 146 (1) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 8 (11), 9 * (12), 10 (6), 11 (3), or 12 (2). Scales over analfin pterygiophores approximately one-half the size of others. Pectoral-fin rays, ii, 13 * (16) or ii, 14 (22). Distal margin of fin slightly rounded. Tip of pectoral fin reaching vertical through base of anal-fin rays 14 – 18. Anal-fin origin immediately posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base; total anal-fin rays, 176 – 201 (192 *, N = 38; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin approximately concave. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally, relatively long and approximately 50 % of LEA in mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae, 13 (1), 14 (3), or 15 (1). Anteri- or vertebrae, 10 (1), 11 (3), or 13 (1); transitional vertebrae, 1 (1), 3 (3) or 4 (1). Displaced haemal spines, 3 (5). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour dark yellow. Dorsal region of head darkened; gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region clear yellow. Dorsal region of body yellowish, gradually lighter in region overlying anal-fin ray pterygiophores. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateral-line scale to distal portion of caudal filament. EIGENMANNIA TRILINEATA SPECIES-GROUP 405 Superior medial stripe thick, two scales deep, tapering from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 25 – 30 to posterior one-third of body. Inferior medial stripe moderately thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 14 – 30 to posterior one-third of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of analfin rays 10 – 20 to last anal-fin ray. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes. Distribution: Eigenmannia pavulagem sp. nov. is known from small tributaries of the Rio Capim, Rio Guamá basin, north-eastern Pará, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet ‘ pavulagem ’ is a tribute to the cultural movement created in the state of Pará, ‘ Arraial do Pavulagem’, characterized by music of a unique traditional style that originated in Amazon region. Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Pará: MPEG 6887, 176.6 mm LEA, Igarapé Paraquequara, tributary of Rio Capim, Rio Guamá basin, Município de Paragominas, 3 ° 14 ′ 50 ″ S, 47 ° 45 ′ 50 ″ W, collected by A. Souza, 16 April 2003. Paratypes: Brazil. Pará: MPEG 7307, 2, 120.8 – 133.1 mm LEA, Igarapé Paraquequara, tributary of Rio Capim, Rio Guamá basin, 3 ° 16 ′ 05 ″ S, 47 ° 46 ′ 05 ″ W, collected by A. Souza, 13 December 2002. MPEG 7308, 6, 63.1 – 94.9 mm LEA, Igarapé Paraquequara, tributary of Rio Capim, Rio Guamá basin, 3 ° 16 ′ 05 ″ S, 47 ° 46 ′ 05 ″ W, collected by V. Sena, 13 December 2002. MPEG 9524, 3 CS, 90.7 – 108.5 mm LEA, Igarapé Anuera-Grande, tributary of Rio Capim, Rio Guamá basin, 2 ° 30 ′ 2.9 ″ S, 48 ° 16 ′ 52.6 ″ W, collected by A. Souza, 30 June 2005. MPEG 9535, 10, 42.6 – 102.7 mm LEA, Igarapé Arrainha, tributary of Rio Capim, Rio Guamá basin, 02 ° 25 ′ 11.1 ″ S, 48 ° 12 ′ 13.1 ″ W, collected by L. Montag, 1 July 2005. MPEG 29490, 17, 26.2 – 176.6 mm LEA; MZUSP 116797, 2, 118.4 – 152.8 mm LEA, collected with the holotype; INPA 46984, 2, 90.2 – 113.4 mm LEA, collected with holotype. NUP 17104, 2, 82.7 – 114.7 mm LEA, collect- ed with holotype.	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFF73A16FC34A351FA4DFC16.taxon	description	(FIGS 23, 24; TABLE 4)	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
03B08780FFF73A16FC34A351FA4DFC16.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Eigenmannia waiwai can be distinguished from other species in the E. trilineata species group by the length of anterodorsal process of maxilla equal to 1.5 times the width of the posterior nostril (versus equal to 50 % of the width of posterior nostril in E. antonioi, E. desantanai, E. guairaca, E. muirapinima, E. pavulagem, and E. vicentespelaea, or equal to the width of the posterior nostril in E. matintapereira, E. microstoma, and E. trilineata; Fig. 4). Eigenmannia waiwai also differs from species of the E. trilineata species group, except E. vicentespelaea, by the subterminal mouth (versus terminal mouth). Eigenmannia waiwai sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. vicentespelaea by the nine or ten longitudinal series of scales above the lateral line (versus seven or eight); body depth at the vertical through the tip of longest pectoral-fin ray, 14.9 – 18.7 % LEA (versus 10.5 – 14.5 %); depth of the posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 less than 50 % of length of infraorbitals 1 + 2 (versus approximately equal to length of infraorbitals 1 + 2); and length of the coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage (versus 45 % of the length of Meckel’s cartilage). Description: Morphometric data are presented in Table 4. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Dorsal profile of body nearly straight from rear of head to vertical through middle of anal fin, and then posteroventrally aligned with distal portion of caudal filament. Ventral profile of body posteroventrally aligned from anterior margin of lower lip to anal-fin rays 10 – 20, nearly concave along anterior half of abdominal cavity, then posterodorsally aligned with last anal-fin ray. Ventral margin of caudal filament straight. Greatest body depth at vertical through distal margin of pectoral fin. Head laterally compressed, with greatest width at opercular region and greatest depth at posterior margin of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from upper lip to vertical through branchial opening. Ventral profile of head slightly concave from anterior margin of lower lip to branchial opening. Snout rounded in profile. Mouth subterminal. Upper lip overlapping lower lip. Premaxillary teeth, 35 (1) or 40 (1), distributed in five rows [outermost row with 7 (1) or 8 (1) teeth; second row with 7 (1) or 8 (1) teeth; third row with 8 (1) or 9 (1) teeth; fourth row with 7 (1) or 9 (1) teeth; innermost row with 6 (2) teeth]. Maxilla with sickleshaped anterodorsal process equal to 1.5 times width of posterior nostril. Dentary teeth 37 (1) or 38 (1), distributed in four rows [outermost row with 7 (2) teeth; second row with 11 (1) or 15 (1) teeth; third row with 8 (1) or 15 (1) teeth; innermost row with 4 (1) or 8 (1) teeth]. Dentary teeth similar in size. Coronomeckelian bone equal to 20 % of length of Meckel’s cartilage. Endopterygoid with 14 (1) or 17 (1) teeth, distributed in two rows. Mouth rictus at vertical through anterior nostril or in region between nares. Anterior naris tube-like, with posterior margin located at vertical through posterior margin of, or in median portion of, rictus. Posterior naris elliptical, without tube, located closer to anterior margin of eye than snout tip. Eye approximately circular, covered by skin, laterally located on anterior half of head. Antorbital and infraorbitals 1 – 4 in form of enlarged, partial cylinders with slender osseous arches. Fifth and sixth infraorbitals slender and tubular. Depth of posterodorsal expansion on infraorbitals 1 + 2 less than 50 % of length of infraorbitals 1 + 2. Branchial opening moderately elon- gate. Branchial membrane joined to isthmus. Anus and urogenital papilla shifting anteriorly ontogenetically, at vertical through posterior margin of orbit in mature specimens. Cycloid scales present from immediately posterior to head to distal portion of caudal filament. Lateral line complete, with 112 (3), 113 (3), 114 (4), 115 (5), 118 (2), 122 (3), 123 (2), 127 (1), or 128 * (3) perforated scales to vertical through end of anal fin. Longitudinal series of scales above lateral line, 9 (4) or 10 * (17). Scales over anal-fin pterygiophores approximately one-half the size of others. Pectoral-fin rays, ii, 13 (3), ii, 14 (9), or ii, 15 * (12). Distal margin approximately straight. Tip of pectoral-fin reaching vertical through base of anal-fin rays 19 – 25. Analfin origin immediately posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin base; total anal-fin rays, 167 – 195 (189 *, N = 15; Table 2). Distal margin of anal fin approximately concave. Caudal filament cylindrical, tapering gradually distally, relatively short and approximately 25 % LEA in mature specimens. Precaudal vertebrae, 12 (1) or 13 (2). Anterior vertebrae, 10 (3); transitional vertebrae, 2 (2) or 3 (1). Displaced haemal spines, 2 (1) or 3 (1). Coloration in alcohol: Background colour dark brown. Head dark brown dorsally and gradually becoming lighter ventrally. Lips and suborbital region yellowish. Body dark brown dorsally, gradually becoming lighter to region overlying anal-fin pterygiophores. Four longitudinal dark stripes along body. Lateral-line stripe thin, one scale deep, extending from first perforated lateral-line scale to distal portion of caudal filament. Superior medial stripe thick, two scales deep, tapering from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 26 – 32 to posterior one-third of body. Inferior medial stripe moderately thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of anal-fin rays 21 – 32 to posterior one-third of body. Anal-fin base stripe thick, two scales deep, extending from vertical between base of analfin rays 8 – 28 to last anal-fin ray. Pectoral and anal fins hyaline, with scattered tiny chromatophores on interradial membranes. Distribution: Eigenmannia waiwai sp. nov. is known from Rio Mapuera, a tributary of the Rio Trombetas basin, Pará, Brazil (Fig. 6). Etymology: The epithet ‘ waiwai ’ is a reference to the indigenous people whose home territory proximates the type locality for the species. Material examined Holotype: Brazil. Pará: INPA 37594, 146.1 mm LEA, Rio Mapuera, Rio Trombetas basin, 01 ° 05 ′ S, 57 ° 02 ′ W, collected by E. Ferreira and M. Jégu, 19 April 1985. Paratypes: Brazil. Pará: INPA 46985, 24 + 2 CS, 94.0 – 138.1 mm LEA, collected with holotype. INPA 37597, 3 + 1 CS, 74.9 – 154.8 mm LEA, Rio Trombetas near Cachoeira Porteira, Município de Oriximiná, 01 ° 04 ′ 45 ″ S, 57 ° 02 ′ 39 ″ W, collected by E. Ferreira and M. Jégu, 19 April 1985; MZUSP 116798, 3, 95.8 – 122.29 mm LEA; MPEG 31166, 3, 104.2 – 123.43, collected with holotype. Comparative material examined Archolaemus blax: INPA 6424, 4 CS, 114.9 – 227.0 mm LEA, Rio Tocantins above Tucuruí Dam, Pará, Brazil. Archolaemus ferreirai: INPA 6422, 4 CS paratypes, 125.8 – 203.3 mm LEA, Rio Mucajaí, mouth of Igarapé Traíra, Roraima Brazil. INPA 36379, 1 CS paratype, 111.3 mm LEA, Rio Mucajaí, Cachoeira Paredão 2, Roraima, Brazil. Archolaemus janeae: INPA 36380, 2 CS paratypes, 114.9 – 131.0 mm TL, Rio Iriri, just upriver of its mouth into Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil. Archolaemus luciae: INPA 20964, 2 CS paratypes, 135.7 – 200.0 mm LEA, Rio Trombetas, Cachoeira Porteira, Pará, Brazil. Archolaemus orientalis: FMNH 94418, 1 CS paratype, 129.0 mm LEA, Rio São Francisco at Pirapora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Archolaemus santosi: INPA 36382, 3 CS paratypes, 79.1 – 128.6 mm LEA, Rio Jamari, above site of Usina Hidroelétrica Samuel, Rondônia, Brazil. Eigenmannia goajira: USNM 121596, holotype, 377.0 mm LEA, Río Socuy, Zulia, Venezuela. USNM 121596, paratype, 335.6 mm LEA, Río Socuy, Río Socuy, Zulia, Venezuela. Eigenmannia humboldtii: NMW 64988, 1 syntype (only photo), Río Magdalena, Colombia. IAvH-P 6806, 1 CS, 205.7 mm LEA, Yuto, Chocó, Colombia. IAvH-P 7415, 2, 241.0 – 270.0 mm LEA, Rio Atrato, Colombia. IAvH-P 7823, 1, 264.0 mm LEA, Rio Magdalena, Honda, Colombia. Eigenmannia limbata: INPA 28510, 2 + 1 CS, 185.9 – 222.2 mm LEA, Rio Caeté, left tributary of Rio Purus, Acre, Brazil. MCP 28641, 1, 330.0 mm LEA, Lago Pirapora, Acre, Brazil. MNRJ 1186, holotype, 324.0 mm LEA, Amazonas, Brazil. Eigenmannia macrops: BMNH 1897.8.6.1, holotype, 128.5 mm LEA, Potaro River, British Guiana. USNM 402672, 12 + 2 CS, 65.3 – 165.3 mm LEA, Cuyuni River, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Guyana. Eigenmannia nigra: AMNH 58642, 3 paratypes, 235.4 – 296.5 mm LEA, Caño Urami, tributary of Rio Negro, Amazonas, Venezuela. Eigenmannia virescens: MACN 4536, 1, 98.0 mm LEA, Río de La Plata, Argentina. MACN 5122, 8, 162.0 – 252.3 mm LEA, Río de La Plata, Argentina. MACN 5965, 15, 76.7 – 121.8 mm LEA, Río Paraná, Argentina. MACN 6040, 15, 105.9 – 144.6 mm LEA, Río de La Plata, Argentina. MACN 6924, 6, 122.5 – 184.9 mm LEA, Río Paraná, Argentina. MZUSP 22917, 1 CS, 205.4 mm LEA, Río de La Plata, Argentina. Distocyclus conirostris: INPA 28879, 2 CS of 19, 108.7 – 165.0 mm LEA, Carvoeiro, Rio Negro. MZUSP 6982, 2 + 1 CS, 156.2 – 166.0 mm LEA, Rio Madeira. Japigny kirschbaum: FMNH 50185, 3 CS, 94.2 – 108.3 mm LEA, New River drainage, head of Itabu Creek, Guyana. Rhabdolichops caviceps: INPA 20157, 8 + 2 CS, 111.1 – 137.3 mm LEA, Paraná do Xiboquena, Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Rhabdolichops eastwardi: MPEG 1189, 2 CS, 115.1 – 127.8 mm LEA, Rio Goiapi, Ilha do Marajó, Pará, Brazil. Rhabdolichops electrogrammus: INPA 28863, 8 + 2 CS of 79,68.2 – 164.1 mm LEA, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Rhabdolichops lundbergi: INPA 11406, 7 + 3 CS of 111, 124.2 – 186.1 mm LEA, Rio Coari, tributary of Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Rhabdolichops nigrimans: INPA 28862, 11 + 2 CS, 109.7 – 143.8 mm LEA, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Rhabdolichops troscheli: MPEG 2604, 2 CS, 93.0 – 94.7 mm LEA, Rio Goiapi, Ilha do Marajó, Pará, Brazil. MPEG 2803, 1 CS, 222.0 mm LEA, Rio Goiapi, Ilha do Marajó, Pará, Brazil. MPEG 8482, 1 CS, 170.1 mm LEA, Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brazil. Sternopygus astrabes: INPA 30502, 2 CS of 13, 112.0 – 156.2 mm LEA, Igarapé Tucumã, Parque Estadual do Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Sternopygus macrurus: INPA 4869, 4 CS of 6, 31.9 – 84.1 mm LEA, Paraná Janauacá, Lago Castanho, Amazonas, Brazil. Sternopygus xingu: MPEG 10191, 1 CS, 136.0 mm LEA, FLONA Caxiuanã, Município de Portel, Pará, Brazil.	en	Peixoto, Luiz Antônio Wanderley, Dutra, Guilherme Moreira, Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin (2015): The Electric Glass Knifefishes of the Eigenmannia trilineata species-group (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae): monophyly and description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (2): 384-414, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12274, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12274
