identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B087A5FFADE5483BFC42CBB5A9FE4F.text	03B087A5FFADE5483BFC42CBB5A9FE4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphoma betonicicola Mlcoch 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraphoma betonicicola Mlčoch ,  sp. nov. — Fig. 3 </p>
            <p> Holotype. BRNM 829885</p>
            <p>MycoBank no. 854606</p>
            <p> Etymology. Species name  “ betonicicola ” refers to substrate specialization on dead stems of the genus  Betonica . </p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascomata pseudothecial, subglobose to globose, in small or numerous groups, subepidermal, (170–)240–280(–370) μm in diam., later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles minute papillate, up to 55 μm high, up to 72 μm in diam. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma with characteristic purpure to light or deeply red coloured. Ascomal wall is composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, trito polygonate cells of textura angularis, (6–)7–10(–11) × (4–)5–7.5(–9) μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (59–)60.5–70(–75) × 9–10 μm, N =15. Ascospores fusoid, biseriate in ascus, initially hyaline, 3-septate with the second cell enlarged, later brown, 4- to 6-septate with the second to third cell enlarged, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20–)23.5–31(–39.5) × (4.5–)5–6(7.5) μm, Q = 4.2–5.8, Q AV =5, N = 40. Asexual morph. Sporulation in vivo. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, subepidermal, up to 500 μm in diam. with short ostiole. Conidiomatal wall is composed of several layers of brown to dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells. Conidiogenous cells were not observed. Conidia ellipsoid to oblong, with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, 4.4–5 × (0.8) 1–1.5 (1.6) μm, N =30.</p>
            <p>Culture characteristics. Colony on PDA slow growing, reaching 16 mm in diam. after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, white at the edge, light grey, grey to greyish black at the centre, concentric coloured, filiform at the edge, elevation raised to convex, no pigment product. Conidiomata in vitro pycnidial, globose, up to 270 μm in diam. and 130 μm high, with conical ostiole, 66 × 50 μm. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells, 2.5–2.6 × 2–3 μm, N = 10. Conidia in culture was ellipsoid to fusoid, with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, (4.5–)5–6.5(–7) × 1.5–2.3 μm, Q = 2.5–3.6, Q AV = 3.1, N = 30.</p>
            <p> Habitat. On dead stems of  Betonica officinalis L. (  Lamiaceae ). All fresh collection was situated in the wet meadows of Molinion caeruleae Koch (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the Czech Republic and Austria.</p>
            <p> Material examined. THE CZECH REPUBLIC: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Pustá Polom village, Kaluže, 430 m a. s. l., 10. 7. 2019, on  Betonica officinalis, GPS : 49.8613922N, 18.0118833E (BRNM 829155, GenBank no. OQ359105, strain MLC 04, holotype). 2. col. Dr. Hrubý, as  Leptosphaeria haematites , Moravia, 5. 1924, on  Betonica officinalis (4814/39); 3. Col. P. Mlčoch, Nízký Jeseník Mts., Hradec nad Moravicí-Kajlovec, Kalvárie hill, meadow, 375 m a. s. l., 25. 8. 2020, on  Betonica officinalis, GPS : 49.8565217N, 17.8973406E (BRNM 840271, paratype). AUSTRIA: 4. col. Dr. Hrubý, det. F. Petrak as  Leptosphaeria haematites, Freistadt, Kaltenberg, Weidenau, 1919 , on  Betonica officinalis (4815/39); 5. col. Dr. Hrubý det. F. Petrak as  Leptosphaeria haematites, Freistadt, Kaltenberg, Weidenau, 1919 , on  Betonica officinalis (17611). </p>
            <p> Notes. Dr. Hrubý and F. Petrak determined their collections as  Leptosphaeria haematites , where it is also purpure to red coloured of the substrate, but this species has always only 3-septate, hyaline ascospores (never with pseudoseptate) and grown only on dead stems of  Clematis vitalba (  Ranunculaceae ) (Mlčoch P. 2021). Other similar species belong to  Leptosphaeria fiumana ,  L. purpurea , and  Paraphoma rubicunda .  Paraphoma rubicunda , which grows on dead stems of  Lamiaceae and  Apiaceae , has narrower ascospores (22–25 × 3–3.5 μm) and shorter asci (45–60 × 7–8 μm) (Shoemaker 1984).  Leptosphaeria fiumana does not colour substrate; asci are clavate and spore cells to the septum constricted (Hazslinzski 1893).  Leptosphaeria purpurea has shorter ascospores (see table 2). All species have 3-septate ascospores without pseudosepta. Sequences exhibit of 92.72% the similarity with  Paraphoma salicis Crous &amp; Akulov in ITS region and 99.5 % similarity in LSU region.  P. salicis was isolated from the leaves of  Salix alba (Crous et al. 2021) . In the base on the BLAST results and morphological differences it is a new species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFADE5483BFC42CBB5A9FE4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFAFE5483BFC4325B26CF82F.text	03B087A5FFAFE5483BFC4325B26CF82F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphoma moravica Mlcoch 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraphoma moravica Mlčoch ,  sp. nov. — Fig. 4 </p>
            <p> Holotype. BRNM 829157.</p>
            <p>MycoBank no: 854607</p>
            <p> Etymology. The species name  ¨moravica¨ is according to the locality of the first collection of type material, which is from the Moravia region. </p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascomata pseudothecial, subglobose to globose, in numerous groups, subepidermal, 180–230 μm in diam.,100 μm, later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles conical, to 35–50 μm height and 25–45 μm in diam. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma first uncoloured, later with characteristic purpure to light red coloured. Ascomal wall is composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown polygonate cells of textura angularis, 5–6 × 4.5–5 μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (71.5–)80–90(–100) × 7–7.5(–8) μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in the ascus, hyaline, 3-septate, the second cell from apex enlarged towards the base, slightly longer than wider, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20.5–)21–27 × 4–5 μm, Q = 4.5–6.1, Q AV = 5.2, N = 20. Asexual morph. Sporulation in vitro after 2 weeks. Conidiomata in culture pycnidial, globose, up to 300 μm in diam., 150 μm high, with conical ostiole, 80 × 50–60 μm. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells, 4.5–5 × 3–4.5 μm, N = 10. Conidiogenous cells were not observed. Conidia in culture was ellipsoid to fusoid, with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, (5–)5.5–6.5(–7) × (1.5–)2–2.5(– 3) μm, Q = 2.3–3.1, Q AV = 2.7, N = 30.</p>
            <p>Culture characters: Colony grown on PDA slow, 13–15 mm in diam. after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, light grey at the edge, grey to dark grey at the centre, concentric coloured, later grey and not concentric coloured, entire to undulate at the edge, elevation flat to raise, no pigment product.</p>
            <p> Habitat. Saprobic on dead stems of  Dipsacus fullonum L. (  Caprifoliaceae ) in pond coastal vegetation. </p>
            <p>Distribution. The Czech Republic.</p>
            <p> Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC. 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian Gate, Jistebník, Sítinový rybník pond, 250 m. a. s. l., 11. 7. 2021, on the dead stems of  Dipsacus fullonum, GPS : 49.7376503N, 18.1335128E. (BRNM 829157, GenBank no. OQ359103.1, strain MLC 06, holotype). </p>
            <p> Notes. ITS gene is 98.69%, similar to the taxon  Paraphoma pye . However, isolate is phylogenetically related to  Paraphoma vinacea and  P. pye . These species, described by their asexual morph, grow on the other substrates (  P. pye and  P. vinacea were isolated from  Tanacetum cinerariifolium (  Asteraceae )—Moslemi A. et al. 2016; Moslemi A. et al. 2017) and has other microscopic characters in vitro (  P. pye on PDA has conidia 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–3 μm, oblong (Moslemi A. et al. 2017) and  P. vinacea produces vinaceous red color on MEA, CHA and OA agar media and has ampulliform conidia 2–4.5 × 4–7 μm (Moslemi A. et al. 2017)). Sexual morph is morphologically related to  Paraphoma rubicunda comb. nov. complex (see tab. 2). However,  P. rubicunda has been found on the other hosts and is phylogenetically unrelated to the new species (fig. 1). Interestingly,  Leptosphaeria bractearum (Sacc.) Sacc. , was also found on the dead stems of  Dipsacus . Morphologically,  L. bractearum can be distinguished from the new species in having wider asci (80–85 × 10–12 μm) with longer pedicel and smaller, 3-septate, yellow ascospores (18–20 × 5 μm) without the enlarged cell (Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B., Trotter A. 1883). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFAFE5483BFC4325B26CF82F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B.text	03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphoma rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Mlcoch. In 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraphoma rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Mlčoch comb. nov. — Fig. 5 </p>
            <p> Bas.  Leptosphaeria rubicunda Rehm ex G. Winter</p>
            <p> Syn.  Heptameria rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Cooke ,  Leptosphaeria rubicunda Rehm ,  Melanomma rubicundum (Rehm ex G. Winter) L. Holm ,  Phoma sanguinolenta Grove</p>
            <p> Type: HUNGARY. 1. leg. Rehm, im furstl. Garten zu Kaposvar in Ungarn, Lojka, 1871, on the dead stems of  Apiaceae, Ascomycetes no. 92, ex s. </p>
            <p>Epitype. BRNM 829161</p>
            <p>MycoBank no: 854608</p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, subglobose, in numerous groups, first subepidermal, 270–400 μm in diam. and 200–230 μm height, later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles are short and conical, erumpent to the epidermis of the stem. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma first uncoloured, later with characteristic purpure to light red coloured— diagnostic character. Ascomal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, polygonate cells of textura angularis, (6–)8.8–10(–12.5) × (4.5–)6.5–10 μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8–spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (66–)80–100(–105) × 8–9(–10) μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in the ascus, hyaline to brownish, 3–septate, second cell from apex enlarged towards the base, slightly longer than wider or isodiametric, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20.5–)21.5–28(–29.5) × (4–)5.5–7(–7.5) μm, Q =4–5.6, Q AV =5.3, N = 30. Asexual morph. Undetermined.</p>
            <p> Culture characters. Colony grown on PDA slow, 15–16 mm in diameter after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, white at the edge, light grey to grey at the centre, concentric coloured, later grey and not concentric coloured, filiform at the edge, elevation raised to convex, no pigment product, did not  form conidia . Conidiomata and conidia were undetermined. </p>
            <p> Habitat. Dead stems of  Asteraceae , mainly from the genus  Cirsium and  Artemisia . Type material is grown on the dead stems of  Apiaceae (Shoemaker R. A. 1984) . All author collections were situated in various nitrophilous vegetation with dominantly  Urtica dioica ,  Cirsium ssp. and various  Apiaceae . </p>
            <p>Distribution. The Czech Republic (5 collections), Hungary (type material, Shoemaker R. A. 1984).</p>
            <p> Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC. 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian Gate, Bartošovice, Bartošovický luh Nature Reserve, old apple orchard with nitrophilic vegetation, 240 m a. s. l., 25. 8. 2022, on dead stems of  Cirsium oleraceum, GPS : 49.6737344N, 18.0295286E (BRNM 829161, GenBank no. OQ359104, strain MLC 07, epitype); 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Bítov, Pohoří, Jamník valley, wetland by the creek, 340 m a. s. l., 3. 6. 2017, on the dead stems of  Cirsium palustre, GPS : 49.7999247N, 18.0389850E. (BRNM 840272, GenBank no. OQ 359108). 3. Col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Velké Karlovice, 550 m a. s. l., 29. 6. 2018, on the dead stems of  Cirsium rivulare (BRNM 829159); 4. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Zbyslavice, Zbyslavické rybníky ponds, ruderal vegetation, 280 m a. s. l., 16. 9. 2017, on the dead stems of  Artemisia vulgaris (BRNM 829158); 5. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Bítov, crossroads of Bítov mill, nitrophilous vegetation, 300 m a. s. l., 14. 7. 2017, on the dead stems of  Artemisia vulgaris (BRNM 829160). </p>
            <p> Notes. From the stems of  Cirsium is known as  Leptosphaeria cirsii-arvensis (see tab. 2), which has no second cell of ascospore enlarged on the base of the original description and also has wider asci and ascospores (Losa 1948). Collection from  Cirsium palustre is morphologically and genetically identic with collection from  Cirsium oleraceum ; a few differences in phylogram (Fig. 1) are caused by the incompleteness of some nucleotides in the sequence. Both sequences reported 100 % identity with sequences of material (strain CBS:186.57, GenBank no. MH 857691.1), which was made within barcoding studies (Vu et al. 2019), but this strain is not isolated from the type material. However, due to the age of the type item, it is no longer possible to obtain usable DNA from it, and therefore it is proposed in this study to use our material (which also ecologically and morphologically corresponds to the type description) for epitypification. Shoemaker (1984) states of collection from  Leonurus cardiaca (  Lamiaceae ), but his collection has narrowed ascospores (3–3.5 μm) and shorter asci (45–60 × 7–8 μm) with tetraseriate ascospores. However, his concept also included a study of type material. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA3E5433BFC45D9B3CBFEFB.text	03B087A5FFA3E5433BFC45D9B3CBFEFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptosphaeria purpurea Rehm 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leptosphaeria purpurea Rehm — Fig. 5 </p>
            <p> =  Heptameria purpurea (Rehm) Cooke (1889) ,  Melanomma purpureum (Rehm) L. Holm (1957)</p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, globose, in numerous groups, subepidermal, 200–250 μm in diam., later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles inconspicuous, small and conical. Ascomal wall is composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, tri- to polygonate cells of textura angularis, (5–)6.4– 9(–10.5) × (4.5–)5–7(–8) μm, N = 20. Asci bitunicate, 8–spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (58–)60–70(–72) × 7.5–8.5(–9) μm, N=15. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in ascus, hyaline to brownish, 3– septate, second cell from apex enlarged towards base, isodiametric, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without -ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (19.5–)20–24(–25) × (4–)4.5–5(–5.5) μm, Q=4.3–5.1, Q AV =4.6, N = 20.</p>
            <p>Asexual morph. Undetermined.</p>
            <p>Culture characters. It was not cultivated.</p>
            <p> Habitat. Dead stems of  Asteraceae , primarily on the  Artemisia vulgaris . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe and North America (Shoemaker 1984; Mlčoch 2021).</p>
            <p> Material examined: SLOVAKIA: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, foothills of High Tatras, Hybe, Hybická tiesňava Natural Monument, unmown meadow with Tanaceto vulgaris-Artemisietum  vulgaris association, 800 m a. s. l., 22. 8. 2019, on the dead stems of  Artemisia vulgaris, GPS : 49.0872639N, 19.8961167E. (BRNM 829154). </p>
            <p> Notes. DNA could not be isolated from the described material in this study due to its poor condition. However, it can be presupposed that these species begin in the genus  Paraphoma in the sensu stricto concept, the same as the next described taxa, where it’s morphologically related.  Leptosphaeria purpurea is definite in the sensu stricto concept from the dead stems of  Artemisia vulgaris (Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B. &amp; Trotter A. 1883) . Demarcation of separate species in the genus  Paraphoma is strongly strict, with very little phenotypic variability in morphological characters. On the basis of these predictors, it can presuppose that collections, which are featured from various substrates in Shoemaker (1984) correspond with the sensu lato concept of  Leptosphaeria purpurea . Shoemaker’s species concept is built on the study of Krieger’s collection from  Cirisum lanceolatum (Fungi Saxonici, col. 1879), which was revised by Rehm, because the origin type material did not exist yet (Shoemaker 1984). But his concept is a more similar description of  Paraphoma rubicunda in this study than the original description of  Leptosphaeria purpurea (taken over by Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B. &amp; Trotter A. 1883). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFA3E5433BFC45D9B3CBFEFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA4E5433BFC4208B05AF798.text	03B087A5FFA4E5433BFC4208B05AF798.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetosphaeronema barriae (Shoemaker 2024) Mlcoch 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaetosphaeronema barriae (Shoemaker) Mlčoch comb. nov. — Fig. 6. </p>
            <p> =  Leptosphaeria barriae Shoemaker 1985</p>
            <p> TYPE: CANADA: ALBERTA: 1801 26,  Lupinus sp. , near Crandell campsite, Waterton National Park, 49’06’ N, 1 13’5.5’ W, K. N. Egger 463, 31 July 1980, 180128, idem K. N. Egger 559, 6 Aug. 1980.(Shoemaker 1984). </p>
            <p>Epitype: BRNM 840266</p>
            <p>MycoBank no: 854609</p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, semiglobose to conical, in numerous groups, subepidermal, 450–500 μm in diam. and to 250 μm height, later semi-immersed to erumpent by ostioles. Ostioles are inconspicuous, small or truncate and conical, to 75 μm height and to 150 μm in diam. Ascomal wall composed of 6 to7 layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown, polygonate or isodiametric cells of textura angularis, (6)8–9(11.5) × (4.5)5–7.5(8.5) μm, N =20. Asci bitunicate, 8–spored, cylindrical, short pedicellate, 80–105 × 8–11.5 μm, N =10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, bi- or triseriate in ascus, rare to tetraseriate, firstly hyaline, later yellow to yellowish brown, 6 to 7–septate, third or rare fourth cell of spore from apex enlarged towards base, central cells constricted to first septum, smooth, without appendages gelatinous sheath or ornamentation, with or without lipid drops, (44.5)45.5–55.5(60) × (4.5)5– 7(8) μm, Q =7.5–9.8, Q AV =8.4, N =46. Asexual morph. Conidiomata globose, pycnidial, to 500 μm in diam. and to 340 μm on the height. Ostiole short, to 60 μm in diam. and 25 μm on the hight. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of brown cells of textura angularis, 7.7–9 × 5–6.5 μm, N =20. Conidiogenous cells in the preparate were not found. Conidia ellipsoid with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, 6–8(–8.2) × (1.1–) 1.3–1.8 (–2) μm, Q =3.8–5.4, Q AV =4.7, N =20</p>
            <p>Culture characters. Colony grown on the PDA very fast, to 40 mm in diam. after two weeks at 25 ° C. Colony circular, primarily whitish to greyish, later faintly brownish to yellowish grey, with raised to flat elevation and entire margin. Conidiomata and conidia undetermined.</p>
            <p> Habitat. Dead stems of  Lupinus ssp. </p>
            <p> Distribution. Europe (this study) and North America (Shoemaker 1984). Taxon is bound to distribution its  Lupinus polyphyllus , so probably it was introduced into Europe together with the host plant. </p>
            <p> Material examined: SLOVAKIA: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, High Tatras, Starý Smokovec-Hrebianok, over the Vodopády Studeného potoka falls, the edge of the tourist path with invasive vegetation of  Lupinus polyphyllus , 1350 m a. s. l., 5. 7. 2020, on the dead stems of  Lupinus polyphyllus, GPS : 49.1620506N, 20.2213011E (BRNM 840266, GenBank no. OR 878083). AUSTRIA: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Austrian Alps, St. Michael im Lungau, Katschberg, 1650 m a. s. l., 26. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of  Lupinus polyphyllus (BRNM 840264, BRNM 840265); THE CZECH REPUBLIC: 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Hrubý Jeseník Mts., Červenohorské sedlo, chalet, 1040 m a. s. l., 10. 8. 2017, on the dead stems of  Lupinus polyphyllus (BRNM 840263). </p>
            <p> Notes. This species, descripted by Shoemaker, is very good defined and distinguishable from related species (see in key next). Cultivate from the collection BRNM 840266 report of 99 % identity by  Chaetosphaeronema achilleae ,  Ch. clematidis ,  Ch. clematidicola ,  Ch. hispidulum and  Ophiobolus cirsii in ITS and LSU genes. Morphologically, there species are different. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFA4E5433BFC4208B05AF798	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA5E5413BFC4729B480FEF6.text	03B087A5FFA5E5413BFC4729B480FEF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleosporales Luttrell ex M.E.Barr 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key for determination of phragmosporous species of  Pleosporales associated with dead stems of  Lupinus ssp. (  Fabaceae ) </p>
            <p> This dichotomous key is literature research usually original descriptions of phragmosporus taxa, which are associated with dead herbal stems of  Lupinus ssp. (Mlčoch 2021; Shoemaker 1984; Greene et al 1901). In this key are mainly taxa, which belong to the valid concept of the genus  Leptosphaeria s. l. Majority this species needs phylogenetic revision. </p>
            <p>1. ascospores 3-septate ...........................................................................................................................................................................2</p>
            <p>1. ascospores more than 3-septate ..........................................................................................................................................................3</p>
            <p> 2. asci 80–90 × 11–13 μm, ascospores 26–35 × 4.5–6.5 μm, second cell of ascospore enlarged, spores yellowish brown .................... ...................................................................................................................................  Leptosphaeria byssincola Earle ex Shoemaker</p>
            <p> 2. asci 80 × 8 μm, ascospores 25–30 × 4 μm, cell of spore not enlarged, spores light olivaceous ........  Leptosphaeria lupinicola Earle</p>
            <p> 3. ascospores 4-septate, second cell of ascospore enlarged, 36–44 × 4.5–5.5 μm .......................  Leptosphaeria shastensis Shoemaker</p>
            <p>3. ascospores 6 to 7-septate ....................................................................................................................................................................4</p>
            <p> 4. cells of ascomal wall 10–13 × 9–11 μm, asci 130–150 × 10–12 μm, ascospores 6-septate, biseriate in asci, 42–48 × 4.5–5.5 μm ... .................................................................................................................................................  Leptosphaeria wehmeyeri Shoemaker</p>
            <p>4. cells of ascomal wall under 9 μm on the weight, asci less than 120 μm on the length, ascospores rare only biseriate in asci, 6 to 7-septate..............................................................................................................................................................................................5</p>
            <p> 5. cells of ascomal wall 7–10 × 5–7.5 μm, asci 80–110 × 8–12 μm (if are bi to triseriate) /20–24 μm (if are tetraseriate), ascospores wider, (40)45–60 × (5)6–7 μm ............................................................................  Chaetosphaeronema barriae (Shoemaker) Mlčoch</p>
            <p> 5. cells of ascomal wall 8–12 × 6–8 μm, asci 12–16 μm on the weight, ascospores less than 40 μm, 34–40 × 5–6 μm......................... ...................................................................................................................................................  Leptosphaeria castrensis Shoemaker</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFA5E5413BFC4729B480FEF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA6E5403BFC407CB3FDFBAB.text	03B087A5FFA6E5403BFC407CB3FDFBAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetosphaeronema misuriniensis Mlcoch 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaetosphaeronema misuriniensis Mlčoch sp. nov. —Fig. 7. </p>
            <p> Holotype. BRNM 840269.</p>
            <p>MycoBank no: 854610</p>
            <p> Etymology. Species name  ¨misuriniensis¨ is according to type locality, which is located near the Misurina lake in the Italy. </p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, globose, semiglobose to conical, in numerous groups, 440–550 μm in diam., subepidermal, later semi-immersed to erumpent by ostioles. Ostioles inconspicuous, small or truncate and conical. Ascomal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of yellowish brown, isodiametric to polygonate cells of textura angularis, (5)6–10(12) × (5)6.5–9(10) μm, N =20. Asci bitunicate, 8–spored, cylindrical to cylindrical-clavate, short pedicellate, (70)90–100(110) × (8.5)10–11 μm, N =10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in ascus, rare to triseriate, hyaline, 6 to 7-septate, third cell of spore from apex enlarged towards base, third cell constricted to first septum, smooth, without appendages gelatinous sheath or ornamentation, with or without lipid drops, (31)35–41(45) × (4)4.5–6(6.5) μm, Q =6.5–8.3, Q AV =7.5, N =41. Asexual morph. Undetermined.</p>
            <p> FIGURE 7.  Chaetosphaeronema misuriniensis (BRNM 840269). A, J: asci; B – I, K – L: ascospores. Scales: A, J: 15 μm; B – I, K – L: 5 μm. </p>
            <p>Culture characters. Colony on the PDA in culture grown slow, 12–15 mm in diam. after two weeks at 25 ° C. Colony irregular, whitish to purplish, with raised to convex elevation, margin undulate and purplish white. Conidiomata in culture globose, pycnidial, gregarious, 190–250 μm in diam., 190–250 μm on height, with inconspicuous, small ostiole. Conidiomatal setae hyaline to brownish, septate, unbranched, smooth wall, 57–88 × 3.5–4 μm. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of hyaline to brownish, isodiametric to polygonate cells of textura angularis, (3)3.5–4.5 (5) × 2.5–3.5 (4) μm. Conidiogenous cells are hyaline, enteroblastic, annelidic, cylindrical to lageniform, determinate, smooth-walled, with periclinal thickenings at collarette zone or percurrently proliferating 1–2 times. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at apex, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, often guttulate, smooth-walled, 3.5–5(6.5) × (1.3)1.5–2(2.5) μm, Q =2.2–3.1, Q AV =2.6, N =30.</p>
            <p> Habitat. Dead stems of various herbs, e. g.  Cirsium erisithales (  Asteraceae ),  Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia (  Ranunculaceae ) and  Listera ovata (  Orchidaceae ). All collections were found in subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the limestone substrates. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Italy (three collections, this study).</p>
            <p> Material examined: ITALY: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of  Cirsium erisithales, GPS : 46.5842486N, 12.2565528E (BRNM 840269, GenBank no. OQ 359107). 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of  Cirsium erisithales, GPS : 46.5842486N, 12.2565528E (BRNM 840268); 3. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of  Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia, GPS : 46.5841956N, 12.2548444E (BRNM 840267); 4. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of  Listera ovata, GPS : 46.5841956N, 12.2548444E (BRNM 840270). </p>
            <p> Notes. Isolate reports 99 % identity with the species  Chaetosphaeronema achilleae and 98.5 % identity with the species  Ophiobolus cirsii . Morphologically, this collection is similar to the phylogenetically related species  Chaetosphaeronema barriae , which is grown on the other substrate and has the largest ascospores.Taxa of  Leptosphaeria ogilviensis and  Leptosphaeria planiuscula has the similar characteristics of ascospores, but they are only 5-septate, and both species have terminal appendages, which is not present in this example (Mlčoch 2021; Shoemaker 1984).  Leptosphaeria nanae descripted by Shoemaker (1984), has the largest asci (100–120 × 12–15 μm) and wider ascospores (6–7 μm), which has also terminal appendages.  Ch. misuriniensis is very similar its morphological appearance some taxa from the genus  Plenodomus (De Gruyter et al 2013). However, they are descripted from the other substrates and phylogenetically belong to another phylogenetic clade (  Leptosphaeriaceae ) (De Gruyter et al. 2013). Visual similarity is here more likely random homoplasy of characters. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFA6E5403BFC407CB3FDFBAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA7E55F3BFC4582B065FD3F.text	03B087A5FFA7E55F3BFC4582B065FD3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiobolus clavisporus (J. H. Mill. & Burton 2024) Mlcoch 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ophiobolus clavisporus (J. H.Mill. &amp; Burton) Mlčoch comb. nov. — Fig. 8. </p>
            <p> =  Leptosphaeria clavispora J.H. Mill. &amp; Burton 1942</p>
            <p>Epitype. BRNM 829162.</p>
            <p>MycoBank no: 854611</p>
            <p>Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, subepidermal, globose, 260–340 μm in diam., with small, central, truncateconical ostiole. Ascomal wall composed of 6 to 8 layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown, polygonate cells of textura angularis, (5.5)6–8(8.5) × 4.5–6(6.5) μm, N=20. Asci bitunicate, 8–spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, short pedicellate, (71)83–100(120) × (13)14.5–19(19.5) μm, N=10. Ascospores clavate to clavatefusiform, triseriate in ascus, yellowish brown, (7) 8 to 10-septate, third and fourth cells from apex enlarged, constricted at first septum, end cell longer than central cells, with many small lipid drops, without gelationous sheath, appendages or ornamentation, (42)44–61(71) × (6)6.5–8(8.5) μm, Q=5.9–8.7, Q AV =7, N=30. Asexual morph. Undetermined.</p>
            <p>Culture characters. Colony on the PDA in culture grown very slow, 10–11 mm in diam. after two weeks at 25 °C. Colony circular to very faintly irregular, greyish to faintly yellowish white, elevation flat to raised, margin entire to faintly curled, lighter than the centre. Conidiomata and conidia undetermined.</p>
            <p> Habitat. Dead stems of  Eupatorium capillifolium (Shoemaker 1984) and  Artemisia campestris (Shoemaker 1984; this study). </p>
            <p>Distribution. North America (Shoemaker 1984) and Europe (this study).</p>
            <p> Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Lower Morava Walley, Bzenec, Váté Písky National Natural Monument, xerotermophilic habitat on the sands, 195 m a. s. l., 1. 8. 2020, on the dead stems of  Artemisia campestris, GPS : 48.9445569N, 17.2959222E (BRNM 829162, GenBank no. OR 878084). GERMENY: 2. col. Rehm, Berlin, 12. 7. 1887, on the dead stems of  Artemisia campestris (herbarium in Charles University, department of botany, exsiccate nom. nud.), as  Leptosphaeria sydowiana Rehm nom. nud. </p>
            <p> Notes. Our isolate is identic in sequencing genes with sequences of  Leptosphaeria helminthospora Ces. &amp; De Not. (MycoBank accession no. of ITS regions MH 857037.1 and MH 868568.1), but its origin, respectively, correctness of determination relevant isolates not can be verifiable, because they were used to only barcoding analyses (Vu et al. 2019). Moreover, Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B. &amp; Trotter A. (1883) states different microscopic characters, including smaller ascospores (20–25 × 5–6 μm). Shoemaker (1984) provides detailed description, including substrate specificity in many collections. However, they correspond to species descripted by J. H. Mill. &amp; Burton. Although Shoemaker (1984) synonymized both species (  Leptosphaeria helminthospora and  Leptosphaeria clavispora ) in his theses, it have not to go about the same species. Therefore, here considered only concept by J. H. Mill &amp; Burton and the name of  Leptosphaeria helminthospora is need verify. Phylogenetically, our strain is related with  Ophiobolus artemisiae (S. Konta, Bulgakov &amp; K.D. Hyde) Wanas. Sequence of  O. artemisiae holotype (strain MFLUCC 14-1156, MycoBank accession no. of ITS region MG 520940.1) has 99.0 % similarity with our strain of  O. clavisporus in ITS region. Next sequence of  O. artemisiae (strain MFLUCC 141156, MycoBank accession no. KT315508.1 see fig. 2) has 98.96 % similarity with our strain and correctness of determination cannot be verified. It is possible, that strain MFLUCC 141156 will be next species. Morphologically,  O. artemisiae has largest spores, 80–140 × 3–5 μm, 15–20-septate with slightly constricted at the 8 th or 9 th septum and largest asci, 120–160 × 13–15 μm (Phookamsat et al. 2017), while  O. clavisporus has ascospores to 70 μm on the length, over 6 μm on the wide, only to 10-septate, not constricted and asci only to 120 μm on the length. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFA7E55F3BFC4582B065FD3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFB8E55F3BFC470DB480F7A8.text	03B087A5FFB8E55F3BFC470DB480F7A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleosporales Luttrell ex M.E.Barr 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key for determination of phragmosporous species of  Pleosporales associated with dead stems of  Lamiaceae</p>
            <p> This dichotomous key is literature research usually original descriptions of phragmosporus taxa, which are associated with dead herbal stems of  Lamiaceae (Mlčoch P. 2021; Feltgen 1903; Passerini 1888; Petrak F. 1927; Petrak F. 1953; Saccardo P. A., Saccardo D., Traverso G.B., Trotter A. 1928; Saccardo P. A. &amp; Sydow P. 1899; Saccardo P.A., Traverso G. B., Trotter A. 1883; Strasser 1907; Urries 1945). In this key are mainly taxa, which belong to the valid concept of the genus  Leptosphaeria s. l. Majority this species needs taxonomic and phylogenetic revision. </p>
            <p>1. ascospores constantly 3-septate..........................................................................................................................................................2</p>
            <p>1. ascospores variable 3 or more septate ................................................................................................................................................6</p>
            <p> 2. ascospores 30–34 μm on length, fusiform to clavate, asci clavate, short stalked, on  Lamiaceae .......  Leptosphaeria fiumana Hazsl.</p>
            <p>2. ascospores less than 30 μm on length.................................................................................................................................................3</p>
            <p>3. ascoma conical, mainly to concentric sulcate, more than 350 μm in diam., ascomal wall consist of cells of textura angularisprismatica or textura prismatica, asci more than 70 μm on length, cylindrical, ascospores more than 18 μm on length, yellowish brown, cells +/- constrict to septum ...................................................................................................................................................4</p>
            <p>3. ascoma less than 350 μm in diam., globose to hemiglobose, ascomal wall consist of cells of textura angularis, asci less than 70 μm on length, ascospores with different characters..................................................................................................................................5</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087A5FFB8E55F3BFC470DB480F7A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mlčoch, Patrik;Matušinsky, Pavel	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
