taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B087A5FFADE5483BFC42CBB5A9FE4F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BRNM 829885 MycoBank no. 854606 Etymology. Species name “ betonicicola ” refers to substrate specialization on dead stems of the genus Betonica. Sexual morph. Ascomata pseudothecial, subglobose to globose, in small or numerous groups, subepidermal, (170 –) 240 – 280 (– 370) μm in diam., later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles minute papillate, up to 55 μm high, up to 72 μm in diam. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma with characteristic purpure to light or deeply red coloured. Ascomal wall is composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, trito polygonate cells of textura angularis, (6 –) 7 – 10 (– 11) × (4 –) 5 – 7.5 (– 9) μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8 - spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (59 –) 60.5 – 70 (– 75) × 9 – 10 μm, N = 15. Ascospores fusoid, biseriate in ascus, initially hyaline, 3 - septate with the second cell enlarged, later brown, 4 - to 6 - septate with the second to third cell enlarged, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20 –) 23.5 – 31 (– 39.5) × (4.5 –) 5 – 6 (7.5) μm, Q = 4.2 – 5.8, Q AV = 5, N = 40. Asexual morph. Sporulation in vivo. Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, subepidermal, up to 500 μm in diam. with short ostiole. Conidiomatal wall is composed of several layers of brown to dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells. Conidiogenous cells were not observed. Conidia ellipsoid to oblong, with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, 4.4 – 5 × (0.8) 1 – 1.5 (1.6) μm, N = 30. Culture characteristics. Colony on PDA slow growing, reaching 16 mm in diam. after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, white at the edge, light grey, grey to greyish black at the centre, concentric coloured, filiform at the edge, elevation raised to convex, no pigment product. Conidiomata in vitro pycnidial, globose, up to 270 μm in diam. and 130 μm high, with conical ostiole, 66 × 50 μm. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells, 2.5 – 2.6 × 2 – 3 μm, N = 10. Conidia in culture was ellipsoid to fusoid, with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, (4.5 –) 5 – 6.5 (– 7) × 1.5 – 2.3 μm, Q = 2.5 – 3.6, Q AV = 3.1, N = 30. Habitat. On dead stems of Betonica officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). All fresh collection was situated in the wet meadows of Molinion caeruleae Koch (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFADE5483BFC42CBB5A9FE4F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the Czech Republic and Austria.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFADE5483BFC42CBB5A9FE4F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. THE CZECH REPUBLIC: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Pustá Polom village, Kaluže, 430 m a. s. l., 10. 7. 2019, on Betonica officinalis, GPS: 49.8613922 N, 18.0118833 E (BRNM 829155, GenBank no. OQ 359105, strain MLC 04, holotype). 2. col. Dr. Hrubý, as Leptosphaeria haematites, Moravia, 5. 1924, on Betonica officinalis (4814 / 39); 3. Col. P. Mlčoch, Nízký Jeseník Mts., Hradec nad Moravicí-Kajlovec, Kalvárie hill, meadow, 375 m a. s. l., 25. 8. 2020, on Betonica officinalis, GPS: 49.8565217 N, 17.8973406 E (BRNM 840271, paratype). AUSTRIA: 4. col. Dr. Hrubý, det. F. Petrak as Leptosphaeria haematites, Freistadt, Kaltenberg, Weidenau, 1919, on Betonica officinalis (4815 / 39); 5. col. Dr. Hrubý det. F. Petrak as Leptosphaeria haematites, Freistadt, Kaltenberg, Weidenau, 1919, on Betonica officinalis (17611). Notes. Dr. Hrubý and F. Petrak determined their collections as Leptosphaeria haematites, where it is also purpure to red coloured of the substrate, but this species has always only 3 - septate, hyaline ascospores (never with pseudoseptate) and grown only on dead stems of Clematis vitalba (Ranunculaceae) (Mlčoch P. 2021). Other similar species belong to Leptosphaeria fiumana, L. purpurea, and Paraphoma rubicunda. Paraphoma rubicunda, which grows on dead stems of Lamiaceae and Apiaceae, has narrower ascospores (22 – 25 × 3 – 3.5 μm) and shorter asci (45 – 60 × 7 – 8 μm) (Shoemaker 1984). Leptosphaeria fiumana does not colour substrate; asci are clavate and spore cells to the septum constricted (Hazslinzski 1893). Leptosphaeria purpurea has shorter ascospores (see table 2). All species have 3 - septate ascospores without pseudosepta. Sequences exhibit of 92.72 % the similarity with Paraphoma salicis Crous & Akulov in ITS region and 99.5 % similarity in LSU region. P. salicis was isolated from the leaves of Salix alba (Crous et al. 2021). In the base on the BLAST results and morphological differences it is a new species.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFAFE5483BFC4325B26CF82F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BRNM 829157. MycoBank no: 854607 Etymology. The species name ¨ moravica ¨ is according to the locality of the first collection of type material, which is from the Moravia region. Sexual morph. Ascomata pseudothecial, subglobose to globose, in numerous groups, subepidermal, 180 – 230 μm in diam., 100 μm, later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles conical, to 35 – 50 μm height and 25 – 45 μm in diam. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma first uncoloured, later with characteristic purpure to light red coloured. Ascomal wall is composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown polygonate cells of textura angularis, 5 – 6 × 4.5 – 5 μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8 - spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (71.5 –) 80 – 90 (– 100) × 7 – 7.5 (– 8) μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in the ascus, hyaline, 3 - septate, the second cell from apex enlarged towards the base, slightly longer than wider, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20.5 –) 21 – 27 × 4 – 5 μm, Q = 4.5 – 6.1, Q AV = 5.2, N = 20. Asexual morph. Sporulation in vitro after 2 weeks. Conidiomata in culture pycnidial, globose, up to 300 μm in diam., 150 μm high, with conical ostiole, 80 × 50 – 60 μm. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells, 4.5 – 5 × 3 – 4.5 μm, N = 10. Conidiogenous cells were not observed. Conidia in culture was ellipsoid to fusoid, with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, (5 –) 5.5 – 6.5 (– 7) × (1.5 –) 2 – 2.5 (– 3) μm, Q = 2.3 – 3.1, Q AV = 2.7, N = 30. Culture characters: Colony grown on PDA slow, 13 – 15 mm in diam. after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, light grey at the edge, grey to dark grey at the centre, concentric coloured, later grey and not concentric coloured, entire to undulate at the edge, elevation flat to raise, no pigment product. Habitat. Saprobic on dead stems of Dipsacus fullonum L. (Caprifoliaceae) in pond coastal vegetation.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFAFE5483BFC4325B26CF82F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The Czech Republic.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFAFE5483BFC4325B26CF82F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC. 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian Gate, Jistebník, Sítinový rybník pond, 250 m. a. s. l., 11. 7. 2021, on the dead stems of Dipsacus fullonum, GPS: 49.7376503 N, 18.1335128 E. (BRNM 829157, GenBank no. OQ 359103.1, strain MLC 06, holotype). Notes. ITS gene is 98.69 %, similar to the taxon Paraphoma pye. However, isolate is phylogenetically related to Paraphoma vinacea and P. pye. These species, described by their asexual morph, grow on the other substrates (P. pye and P. vinacea were isolated from Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Asteraceae) — Moslemi A. et al. 2016; Moslemi A. et al. 2017) and has other microscopic characters in vitro (P. pye on PDA has conidia 3.5 – 6.5 × 1.5 – 3 μm, oblong (Moslemi A. et al. 2017) and P. vinacea produces vinaceous red color on MEA, CHA and OA agar media and has ampulliform conidia 2 – 4.5 × 4 – 7 μm (Moslemi A. et al. 2017 )). Sexual morph is morphologically related to Paraphoma rubicunda comb. nov. complex (see tab. 2). However, P. rubicunda has been found on the other hosts and is phylogenetically unrelated to the new species (fig. 1). Interestingly, Leptosphaeria bractearum (Sacc.) Sacc., was also found on the dead stems of Dipsacus. Morphologically, L. bractearum can be distinguished from the new species in having wider asci (80 – 85 × 10 – 12 μm) with longer pedicel and smaller, 3 - septate, yellow ascospores (18 – 20 × 5 μm) without the enlarged cell (Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B., Trotter A. 1883).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B.taxon	description	Syn. Heptameria rubicunda (Rehm ex G. Winter) Cooke, Leptosphaeria rubicunda Rehm, Melanomma rubicundum (Rehm ex G. Winter) L. Holm, Phoma sanguinolenta Grove	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: HUNGARY. 1. leg. Rehm, im furstl. Garten zu Kaposvar in Ungarn, Lojka, 1871, on the dead stems of Apiaceae, Ascomycetes no. 92, ex s. Epitype. BRNM 829161 MycoBank no: 854608 Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, subglobose, in numerous groups, first subepidermal, 270 – 400 μm in diam. and 200 – 230 μm height, later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles are short and conical, erumpent to the epidermis of the stem. Substrate in surroundings of ascoma first uncoloured, later with characteristic purpure to light red coloured — diagnostic character. Ascomal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, polygonate cells of textura angularis, (6 –) 8.8 – 10 (– 12.5) × (4.5 –) 6.5 – 10 μm, N = 20. Hamathecium is composed of numerous, indistinct, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosed above the asci, later absent. Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (66 –) 80 – 100 (– 105) × 8 – 9 (– 10) μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in the ascus, hyaline to brownish, 3 – septate, second cell from apex enlarged towards the base, slightly longer than wider or isodiametric, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (20.5 –) 21.5 – 28 (– 29.5) × (4 –) 5.5 – 7 (– 7.5) μm, Q = 4 – 5.6, Q AV = 5.3, N = 30. Asexual morph. Undetermined. Culture characters. Colony grown on PDA slow, 15 – 16 mm in diameter after 2 weeks at 25 ° C, circular to irregular, white at the edge, light grey to grey at the centre, concentric coloured, later grey and not concentric coloured, filiform at the edge, elevation raised to convex, no pigment product, did not form conidia. Conidiomata and conidia were undetermined. Habitat. Dead stems of Asteraceae, mainly from the genus Cirsium and Artemisia. Type material is grown on the dead stems of Apiaceae (Shoemaker R. A. 1984). All author collections were situated in various nitrophilous vegetation with dominantly Urtica dioica, Cirsium ssp. and various Apiaceae.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The Czech Republic (5 collections), Hungary (type material, Shoemaker R. A. 1984).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA1E5443BFC479CB31FFB1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC. 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian Gate, Bartošovice, Bartošovický luh Nature Reserve, old apple orchard with nitrophilic vegetation, 240 m a. s. l., 25. 8. 2022, on dead stems of Cirsium oleraceum, GPS: 49.6737344 N, 18.0295286 E (BRNM 829161, GenBank no. OQ 359104, strain MLC 07, epitype); 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Bítov, Pohoří, Jamník valley, wetland by the creek, 340 m a. s. l., 3. 6. 2017, on the dead stems of Cirsium palustre, GPS: 49.7999247 N, 18.0389850 E. (BRNM 840272, GenBank no. OQ 359108). 3. Col. P. Mlčoch, Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Velké Karlovice, 550 m a. s. l., 29. 6. 2018, on the dead stems of Cirsium rivulare (BRNM 829159); 4. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Zbyslavice, Zbyslavické rybníky ponds, ruderal vegetation, 280 m a. s. l., 16. 9. 2017, on the dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris (BRNM 829158); 5. col. P. Mlčoch, Vítkovská vrchovina Highland, Bítov, crossroads of Bítov mill, nitrophilous vegetation, 300 m a. s. l., 14. 7. 2017, on the dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris (BRNM 829160). Notes. From the stems of Cirsium is known as Leptosphaeria cirsii-arvensis (see tab. 2), which has no second cell of ascospore enlarged on the base of the original description and also has wider asci and ascospores (Losa 1948). Collection from Cirsium palustre is morphologically and genetically identic with collection from Cirsium oleraceum; a few differences in phylogram (Fig. 1) are caused by the incompleteness of some nucleotides in the sequence. Both sequences reported 100 % identity with sequences of material (strain CBS: 186.57, GenBank no. MH 857691.1), which was made within barcoding studies (Vu et al. 2019), but this strain is not isolated from the type material. However, due to the age of the type item, it is no longer possible to obtain usable DNA from it, and therefore it is proposed in this study to use our material (which also ecologically and morphologically corresponds to the type description) for epitypification. Shoemaker (1984) states of collection from Leonurus cardiaca (Lamiaceae), but his collection has narrowed ascospores (3 – 3.5 μm) and shorter asci (45 – 60 × 7 – 8 μm) with tetraseriate ascospores. However, his concept also included a study of type material.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA3E5433BFC45D9B3CBFEFB.taxon	description	Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, globose, in numerous groups, subepidermal, 200 – 250 μm in diam., later semi-immersed to erumpent. Ostioles inconspicuous, small and conical. Ascomal wall is composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown to dark brown, tri- to polygonate cells of textura angularis, (5 –) 6.4 – 9 (– 10.5) × (4.5 –) 5 – 7 (– 8) μm, N = 20. Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, (58 –) 60 – 70 (– 72) × 7.5 – 8.5 (– 9) μm, N = 15. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in ascus, hyaline to brownish, 3 – septate, second cell from apex enlarged towards base, isodiametric, without gelatinous sheath, appendages and without - ornamentation, with several globose lipid drops, (19.5 –) 20 – 24 (– 25) × (4 –) 4.5 – 5 (– 5.5) μm, Q = 4.3 – 5.1, Q AV = 4.6, N = 20. Asexual morph. Undetermined. Culture characters. It was not cultivated. Habitat. Dead stems of Asteraceae, primarily on the Artemisia vulgaris.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA3E5433BFC45D9B3CBFEFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe and North America (Shoemaker 1984; Mlčoch 2021).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA3E5433BFC45D9B3CBFEFB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: SLOVAKIA: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, foothills of High Tatras, Hybe, Hybická tiesňava Natural Monument, unmown meadow with Tanaceto vulgaris-Artemisietum vulgaris association, 800 m a. s. l., 22. 8. 2019, on the dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris, GPS: 49.0872639 N, 19.8961167 E. (BRNM 829154). Notes. DNA could not be isolated from the described material in this study due to its poor condition. However, it can be presupposed that these species begin in the genus Paraphoma in the sensu stricto concept, the same as the next described taxa, where it’s morphologically related. Leptosphaeria purpurea is definite in the sensu stricto concept from the dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris (Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B. & Trotter A. 1883). Demarcation of separate species in the genus Paraphoma is strongly strict, with very little phenotypic variability in morphological characters. On the basis of these predictors, it can presuppose that collections, which are featured from various substrates in Shoemaker (1984) correspond with the sensu lato concept of Leptosphaeria purpurea. Shoemaker’s species concept is built on the study of Krieger’s collection from Cirisum lanceolatum (Fungi Saxonici, col. 1879), which was revised by Rehm, because the origin type material did not exist yet (Shoemaker 1984). But his concept is a more similar description of Paraphoma rubicunda in this study than the original description of Leptosphaeria purpurea (taken over by Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B. & Trotter A. 1883).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA4E5433BFC4208B05AF798.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: CANADA: ALBERTA: 1801 26, Lupinus sp., near Crandell campsite, Waterton National Park, 49 ’ 06 ’ N, 1 13 ’ 5.5 ’ W, K. N. Egger 463, 31 July 1980, 180128, idem K. N. Egger 559, 6 Aug. 1980. (Shoemaker 1984). Epitype: BRNM 840266 MycoBank no: 854609 Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, semiglobose to conical, in numerous groups, subepidermal, 450 – 500 μm in diam. and to 250 μm height, later semi-immersed to erumpent by ostioles. Ostioles are inconspicuous, small or truncate and conical, to 75 μm height and to 150 μm in diam. Ascomal wall composed of 6 to 7 layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown, polygonate or isodiametric cells of textura angularis, (6) 8 – 9 (11.5) × (4.5) 5 – 7.5 (8.5) μm, N = 20. Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, cylindrical, short pedicellate, 80 – 105 × 8 – 11.5 μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, bi- or triseriate in ascus, rare to tetraseriate, firstly hyaline, later yellow to yellowish brown, 6 to 7 – septate, third or rare fourth cell of spore from apex enlarged towards base, central cells constricted to first septum, smooth, without appendages gelatinous sheath or ornamentation, with or without lipid drops, (44.5) 45.5 – 55.5 (60) × (4.5) 5 – 7 (8) μm, Q = 7.5 – 9.8, Q AV = 8.4, N = 46. Asexual morph. Conidiomata globose, pycnidial, to 500 μm in diam. and to 340 μm on the height. Ostiole short, to 60 μm in diam. and 25 μm on the hight. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of brown cells of textura angularis, 7.7 – 9 × 5 – 6.5 μm, N = 20. Conidiogenous cells in the preparate were not found. Conidia ellipsoid with rounded ends, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, 6 – 8 (– 8.2) × (1.1 –) 1.3 – 1.8 (– 2) μm, Q = 3.8 – 5.4, Q AV = 4.7, N = 20 Culture characters. Colony grown on the PDA very fast, to 40 mm in diam. after two weeks at 25 ° C. Colony circular, primarily whitish to greyish, later faintly brownish to yellowish grey, with raised to flat elevation and entire margin. Conidiomata and conidia undetermined. Habitat. Dead stems of Lupinus ssp.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA4E5433BFC4208B05AF798.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe (this study) and North America (Shoemaker 1984). Taxon is bound to distribution its Lupinus polyphyllus, so probably it was introduced into Europe together with the host plant.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA4E5433BFC4208B05AF798.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: SLOVAKIA: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, High Tatras, Starý Smokovec-Hrebianok, over the Vodopády Studeného potoka falls, the edge of the tourist path with invasive vegetation of Lupinus polyphyllus, 1350 m a. s. l., 5. 7. 2020, on the dead stems of Lupinus polyphyllus, GPS: 49.1620506 N, 20.2213011 E (BRNM 840266, GenBank no. OR 878083). AUSTRIA: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Austrian Alps, St. Michael im Lungau, Katschberg, 1650 m a. s. l., 26. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of Lupinus polyphyllus (BRNM 840264, BRNM 840265); THE CZECH REPUBLIC: 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Hrubý Jeseník Mts., Červenohorské sedlo, chalet, 1040 m a. s. l., 10. 8. 2017, on the dead stems of Lupinus polyphyllus (BRNM 840263). Notes. This species, descripted by Shoemaker, is very good defined and distinguishable from related species (see in key next). Cultivate from the collection BRNM 840266 report of 99 % identity by Chaetosphaeronema achilleae, Ch. clematidis, Ch. clematidicola, Ch. hispidulum and Ophiobolus cirsii in ITS and LSU genes. Morphologically, there species are different.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA6E5403BFC407CB3FDFBAB.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BRNM 840269. MycoBank no: 854610 Etymology. Species name ¨ misuriniensis ¨ is according to type locality, which is located near the Misurina lake in the Italy. Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, globose, semiglobose to conical, in numerous groups, 440 – 550 μm in diam., subepidermal, later semi-immersed to erumpent by ostioles. Ostioles inconspicuous, small or truncate and conical. Ascomal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of yellowish brown, isodiametric to polygonate cells of textura angularis, (5) 6 – 10 (12) × (5) 6.5 – 9 (10) μm, N = 20. Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, cylindrical to cylindrical-clavate, short pedicellate, (70) 90 – 100 (110) × (8.5) 10 – 11 μm, N = 10. Ascospores narrowly fusiform, biseriate in ascus, rare to triseriate, hyaline, 6 to 7 - septate, third cell of spore from apex enlarged towards base, third cell constricted to first septum, smooth, without appendages gelatinous sheath or ornamentation, with or without lipid drops, (31) 35 – 41 (45) × (4) 4.5 – 6 (6.5) μm, Q = 6.5 – 8.3, Q AV = 7.5, N = 41. Asexual morph. Undetermined. FIGURE 7. Chaetosphaeronema misuriniensis (BRNM 840269). A, J: asci; B – I, K – L: ascospores. Scales: A, J: 15 μm; B – I, K – L: 5 μm. Culture characters. Colony on the PDA in culture grown slow, 12 – 15 mm in diam. after two weeks at 25 ° C. Colony irregular, whitish to purplish, with raised to convex elevation, margin undulate and purplish white. Conidiomata in culture globose, pycnidial, gregarious, 190 – 250 μm in diam., 190 – 250 μm on height, with inconspicuous, small ostiole. Conidiomatal setae hyaline to brownish, septate, unbranched, smooth wall, 57 – 88 × 3.5 – 4 μm. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of hyaline to brownish, isodiametric to polygonate cells of textura angularis, (3) 3.5 – 4.5 (5) × 2.5 – 3.5 (4) μm. Conidiogenous cells are hyaline, enteroblastic, annelidic, cylindrical to lageniform, determinate, smooth-walled, with periclinal thickenings at collarette zone or percurrently proliferating 1 – 2 times. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at apex, straight or slightly curved, aseptate, often guttulate, smooth-walled, 3.5 – 5 (6.5) × (1.3) 1.5 – 2 (2.5) μm, Q = 2.2 – 3.1, Q AV = 2.6, N = 30. Habitat. Dead stems of various herbs, e. g. Cirsium erisithales (Asteraceae), Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia (Ranunculaceae) and Listera ovata (Orchidaceae). All collections were found in subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the limestone substrates.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA6E5403BFC407CB3FDFBAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Italy (three collections, this study).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA6E5403BFC407CB3FDFBAB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: ITALY: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of Cirsium erisithales, GPS: 46.5842486 N, 12.2565528 E (BRNM 840269, GenBank no. OQ 359107). 2. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of Cirsium erisithales, GPS: 46.5842486 N, 12.2565528 E (BRNM 840268); 3. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia, GPS: 46.5841956 N, 12.2548444 E (BRNM 840267); 4. col. P. Mlčoch, Dolomites, Auronzo di Cadore provincy, Misurina, Lago di Misurina lake, subalpine high-herbs vegetation on the dolomitic limestones, 1775 m a. s. l., 21. 7. 2019, on the dead stems of Listera ovata, GPS: 46.5841956 N, 12.2548444 E (BRNM 840270). Notes. Isolate reports 99 % identity with the species Chaetosphaeronema achilleae and 98.5 % identity with the species Ophiobolus cirsii. Morphologically, this collection is similar to the phylogenetically related species Chaetosphaeronema barriae, which is grown on the other substrate and has the largest ascospores. Taxa of Leptosphaeria ogilviensis and Leptosphaeria planiuscula has the similar characteristics of ascospores, but they are only 5 - septate, and both species have terminal appendages, which is not present in this example (Mlčoch 2021; Shoemaker 1984). Leptosphaeria nanae descripted by Shoemaker (1984), has the largest asci (100 – 120 × 12 – 15 μm) and wider ascospores (6 – 7 μm), which has also terminal appendages. Ch. misuriniensis is very similar its morphological appearance some taxa from the genus Plenodomus (De Gruyter et al 2013). However, they are descripted from the other substrates and phylogenetically belong to another phylogenetic clade (Leptosphaeriaceae) (De Gruyter et al. 2013). Visual similarity is here more likely random homoplasy of characters.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA7E55F3BFC4582B065FD3F.taxon	description	Epitype. BRNM 829162. MycoBank no: 854611 Sexual morph. Ascoma pseudothecial, subepidermal, globose, 260 – 340 μm in diam., with small, central, truncateconical ostiole. Ascomal wall composed of 6 to 8 layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, composed of brown, polygonate cells of textura angularis, (5.5) 6 – 8 (8.5) × 4.5 – 6 (6.5) μm, N = 20. Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, clavate to cylindrical-clavate, short pedicellate, (71) 83 – 100 (120) × (13) 14.5 – 19 (19.5) μm, N = 10. Ascospores clavate to clavatefusiform, triseriate in ascus, yellowish brown, (7) 8 to 10 - septate, third and fourth cells from apex enlarged, constricted at first septum, end cell longer than central cells, with many small lipid drops, without gelationous sheath, appendages or ornamentation, (42) 44 – 61 (71) × (6) 6.5 – 8 (8.5) μm, Q = 5.9 – 8.7, Q AV = 7, N = 30. Asexual morph. Undetermined. Culture characters. Colony on the PDA in culture grown very slow, 10 – 11 mm in diam. after two weeks at 25 ° C. Colony circular to very faintly irregular, greyish to faintly yellowish white, elevation flat to raised, margin entire to faintly curled, lighter than the centre. Conidiomata and conidia undetermined. Habitat. Dead stems of Eupatorium capillifolium (Shoemaker 1984) and Artemisia campestris (Shoemaker 1984; this study).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA7E55F3BFC4582B065FD3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North America (Shoemaker 1984) and Europe (this study).	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
03B087A5FFA7E55F3BFC4582B065FD3F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THE CZECH REPUBLIC: 1. col. P. Mlčoch, Lower Morava Walley, Bzenec, Váté Písky National Natural Monument, xerotermophilic habitat on the sands, 195 m a. s. l., 1. 8. 2020, on the dead stems of Artemisia campestris, GPS: 48.9445569 N, 17.2959222 E (BRNM 829162, GenBank no. OR 878084). GERMENY: 2. col. Rehm, Berlin, 12. 7. 1887, on the dead stems of Artemisia campestris (herbarium in Charles University, department of botany, exsiccate nom. nud.), as Leptosphaeria sydowiana Rehm nom. nud. Notes. Our isolate is identic in sequencing genes with sequences of Leptosphaeria helminthospora Ces. & De Not. (MycoBank accession no. of ITS regions MH 857037.1 and MH 868568.1), but its origin, respectively, correctness of determination relevant isolates not can be verifiable, because they were used to only barcoding analyses (Vu et al. 2019). Moreover, Saccardo P. A., Traverso G. B. & Trotter A. (1883) states different microscopic characters, including smaller ascospores (20 – 25 × 5 – 6 μm). Shoemaker (1984) provides detailed description, including substrate specificity in many collections. However, they correspond to species descripted by J. H. Mill. & Burton. Although Shoemaker (1984) synonymized both species (Leptosphaeria helminthospora and Leptosphaeria clavispora) in his theses, it have not to go about the same species. Therefore, here considered only concept by J. H. Mill & Burton and the name of Leptosphaeria helminthospora is need verify. Phylogenetically, our strain is related with Ophiobolus artemisiae (S. Konta, Bulgakov & K. D. Hyde) Wanas. Sequence of O. artemisiae holotype (strain MFLUCC 14 - 1156, MycoBank accession no. of ITS region MG 520940.1) has 99.0 % similarity with our strain of O. clavisporus in ITS region. Next sequence of O. artemisiae (strain MFLUCC 141156, MycoBank accession no. KT 315508.1 see fig. 2) has 98.96 % similarity with our strain and correctness of determination cannot be verified. It is possible, that strain MFLUCC 141156 will be next species. Morphologically, O. artemisiae has largest spores, 80 – 140 × 3 – 5 μm, 15 – 20 - septate with slightly constricted at the 8 th or 9 th septum and largest asci, 120 – 160 × 13 – 15 μm (Phookamsat et al. 2017), while O. clavisporus has ascospores to 70 μm on the length, over 6 μm on the wide, only to 10 - septate, not constricted and asci only to 120 μm on the length.	en	Mlčoch, Patrik, Matušinsky, Pavel (2024): Phylogenetic and morphological revision sexual stages of the genus Paraphoma (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and next related species from clade of Ophiobolus-like (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Phytotaxa 663 (4): 184-204, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.4.2
