taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B087AFFFB0FFAC628EFA3DFDE3D77E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: SYS a 001733 (Fig. 3 A – D), adult male, collected by Run-Lin Li on 22 May 2012 from Daiyun Village (25.6362 ° N, 118.2139 ° E; ca 1040 m a. s. l.), Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve, Dehua County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, PR China. Paratypes: Three adult males (SYS a 001730 / CIB 116075, SYS a 001731 – 1732), collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype; one adult female (SYS a 006002), collected by Jian Wang on 26 June 2017 from the same locality as the holotype; two adult females (SYS a 006000, 6003), collected by Zhi-Tong Lyu, Ying-Yong Wang, and Ya-Qiong Huang on 26 June 2017 from Jiuxianshan (25.7101 ° N, 118.1200 ° E; ca 1200 m a. s. l.), Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFB0FFAC628EFA3DFDE3D77E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet daiyunensis refers to the type locality of the new species, the Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve. Common names. Daiyun Horned Toad (in English) / Dài Yún Jiǎo Chán (ă ủfflḃ in Chinese)	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFB0FFAC628EFA3DFDE3D77E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. (1) body size small, with SVL 27.6 – 28.7 mm (n = 4) in adult males and 33.7 – 35.6 mm (n = 3) in adult females; (2) tympanum edge distinct, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold, TD / ED 0.45 – 0.53; (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) margin of tongue not notched; (5) heels overlapping or meeting; (6) tibio-tarsal articulation reaching just posterior to eye; (7) TIB / SVL 0.36 – 0.42, FTL / SVL 0.51 – 0.60; (8) narrow lateral fringes on fingers present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger, relative finger lengths I = II <IV <III; (9) rudimentary web and narrow lateral fringes on toes present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each toe; (10) dorsal body’s skin texture rough, with densely-distributed granules and scattered tubercles, “ X ” shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum and dorsolateral skin ridges present; (11) a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; (12) supratympanic fold distinct; (13) dorsal surfaces yellowish brown or reddish brown, a dark triangular marking with light edge between eyes, a dark “ X ” or “) (” - shaped marking, with light edge, present on center of dorsum; (14) rounded, densely-distributed tubercles present on ventrum (chest and belly); (15) single subgular vocal sac present in males; (16) nuptial pads and / or nuptial spines absent in breeding males.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFB0FFAC628EFA3DFDE3D77E.taxon	description	Comparisons. Comparative data of Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. with 47 recognized Panophrys congeners are given in Table 3. Six Panophrys species occur in eastern China, namely P. boettgeri, P. huangshanensis, P. kuatunensis, P. lishuiensis, P. ombrophila, and P. xianjuensis. Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. differs from P. boettgeri by the smaller body size, SVL 27.6 – 28.7 mm in males and 33.7 – 35.6 mm in females (vs SVL 34.5 – 37.8 mm in males and 39.7 – 46.8 mm in females), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), tongue not notched (vs notched), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. differs from P. huangshanensis by its smaller body size (vs SVL 36.0 – 41.6 mm in males and 44.2 mm in female), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), tongue not notched (vs notched), narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. differs from P. kuatunensis by its vomerine teeth present (vs absent), tongue not notched (vs notched), heels overlapping or meeting (vs not meeting), and rudimentary web on toes present (vs absent). Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. differs from P. lishuiensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 30.7 – 34.7 mm in males and 36.9 – 40.4 mm in female), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), and narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent). Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. differs from P. ombrophila by its vomerine teeth present (vs absent), heels overlapping or meeting (vs not meeting), and narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent). Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. differs from P. xianjuensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 31.0 – 36.3 mm in males and 41.6 mm in female), and vomerine teeth present (vs absent). With a small body size, SVL 27.6 – 28.7 mm in adult males and 33.7 – 35.6 mm in adult females, Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from 32 congeners whose SVL> 31 mm in males or> 38 mm in females, namely P. angka, P. baolongensis, P. binchuanensis, P. binlingensis, P. brachykolos, P. caobangensis, P. caudoprocta, P. daweimontis, P. fansipanensis, P. hoanglienensis, P. insularis, P. jiangi, P. jingdongensis, P. jinggangensis, P. leishanensis, P. liboensis, P. lini, P. mirabilis, P. minor, P. nankunensis, P. obesa, P. omeimontis, P. palpebralespinosa, P. sangzhiensis, P. shuichengensis, P. spinata, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wuliangshanensis, P. wushanensis, P. xiangnanensis, and P. yangmingensis. Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining nine congeners by the following characteristics: SVL 27.6 – 28.7 mm in males and 33.7 – 35.6 mm in females (vs SVL 30.2 – 39.3 mm in males in P. dongguanensis; vs SVL 30.4 – 33.9 mm in males in P. jiulianensis; vs SVL 30.1 – 30.8 mm in males and 36.3 mm in female in P. mufumontana; vs SVL 30.5 – 37.3 mm in males in P. nanlingensis; vs SVL 30.3 – 33.7 mm in males and 37.6 mm in female in P. shunhuangensis); horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid small (vs large in P. acuta); vomerine teeth present (vs absent in P. acuta, P. cheni, P. mufumontana, and P. shunhuangensis); tongue not notched (vs notched in P. cheni, P. jiulianensis, P. nanlingensis, and P. rubrimera); heels overlapping or meeting (vs not meeting in P. acuta and P. dongguanensis); narrow lateral fringes present on toes (vs wide in P. cheni; vs absent in P. dongguanensis, P. jiulianensis, and P. shunhuangensis); rudimentary web present between toes (vs absent in P. rubrimera). Description of holotype. SYS a 001733, adult male. Habitus small, SVL 28.7 mm; head width shorter than head length, HDW / HDL 0.97; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping posteriorly to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; dorsal surface of head flat; eye small, ED / HDL 0.39; nostril obliquely ovoid; pupil vertical; canthus rostralis well developed, curved above nostril; loreal region sloping; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum distinct, small, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold; choanae large ovoid, situated at base of maxilla; vomerine teeth present; margin of tongue not notched. Lower arm length 0.23 of SVL and hand length 0.24 of SVL; relative finger lengths I = II <IV <III; tip of finger rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each finger; fingers without webs, narrow lateral fringes present on fingers; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged. Shank length 0.46 of SVL and foot 0.63 of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches posterior margin of eye when hindlimb stretched alongside body; heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each toe; rudimentary web and lateral fringes present between toes; tarsal folds absent; inner metatarsal tubercle long, ovoid, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Dorsal body’s skin texture rough with densely-distributed granules and scattered raised tubercles; “ X ” shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; dorsolateral skin ridges present; a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, curving from posterior corner of eye, posteroventrally to above insertion of arm. Ventral surface of throat smooth; rounded, densely-distributed tubercles present on ventral chest and belly; raised, densely-distributed tubercles on ventral thigh; pectoral gland large, closer to axilla; single large femoral gland on posterior surface of thigh. Coloration of holotype. Dorsal surface yellowish brown; a dark incomplete triangular marking with light edge between eyes; a dark “ X ” shaped marking with light edge on center of dorsum; dark patches on dorsal upper arms and hindlimbs; dark stripes below eyes and at lateral tip of snout; iris reddish brown. Ventral surface dark brown; three dark longitudinal stripes on the throat, middle one distinctly shorter; red spots on the chest and densely-distributed tiny white spots on belly and ventral thigh; palms and soles purplish brown, tips of digits greyish white, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles orange red; pectoral glands and femoral glands white. Variation. Measurements of type series are given in Table 4. All specimens were similar in morphology. Females are larger than males. SYS a 006000 (Fig. 3 E, F) has reddish brown dorsal surface with “) (” - shaped marking and gray ventral surface with unclear marking. Without “ X ” or “) (” - shaped marking on center of dorsum in SYS a 006002.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFB0FFAC628EFA3DFDE3D77E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Currently, Panophrys daiyunensis sp. nov. is known from Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve (1000 – 1250 m a. s. l.) and Xiamen City (ca 400 m a. s. l.) of southern Fujian. This toad inhabits streams surrounded by moist subtropical secondary evergreen broadleaved forests, and is common from May to June. Males call actively on leaves of bushes or rocks near streams during this period. All females found in June were gravid with oocytes but tadpoles have not been found.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFACFFB3628EFF28FD44D5E2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SYS a 006209 (Fig. 4 A – D), adult male, collected by Jian Wang and Zhao-Chi Zeng on 31 July 2017 from Huading (29.2781 ° N, 121.0996 ° E; ca 680 m a. s. l.), Mt Tiantai, Tiantai County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China. Paratypes. Three adult males (SYS a 006210 – 6211, SYS a 006212 / CIB 116076) and two adult females (SYS a 006213 – 6214), collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFACFFB3628EFF28FD44D5E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet daoji is used as a noun in apposition, and refers to the Master Daoji (ḋằñ ®), also known as Ji Gong (ằẌ). He purportedly possessed supernatural powers which he used to help the poor and stand up to injustice, and became a famous legend in Chinese culture and a well-known deity in Chinese folk religion. Master Daoji was born in Yongning Village situated at the foot of Mt Tiantai where is the type locality of this new species with variable coloration. Common names. Daoji’s Horned Toad (in English) / Dào Jì Jiăo Chán (ḋằfflḃ in Chinese)	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFACFFB3628EFF28FD44D5E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. (1) body size moderate, with SVL 32.6 – 33.6 mm (n = 4) in adult males and 37.5 – 41.4 mm (n = 2) in adult females; (2) tympanum edge distinct and raised, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold; (3) vomerine teeth absent; (4) margin of tongue not notched; (5) hindlimbs short, heels not meeting; (6) tibio-tarsal articulation reaching at center of tympanum; (7) TIB / SVL 0.39 – 0.42, FTL / SVL 0.57 – 0.64; (8) narrow lateral fringes on fingers present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger, relative finger lengths II <I <IV <III; (9) rudimentary web and narrow lateral fringes on toes present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each toe; (10) dorsal body’s skin texture rough, with densely-distributed granules and tubercles, discontinuous “ X ” or “) (” - shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum, short transverse skin ridges present on dorsal shank and thigh; (11) flank with densely-distributed tubercles; (12) a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; (13) supratympanic fold distinct with raised conical tubercles; (14) coloration of dorsal surfaces variable, a dark brown triangular marking with light edge between eyes, a dark “ X ” or “) (” - shaped marking, with light edge, present on the center of dorsum; (15) single subgular vocal sac present in males; (16) black nuptial spines present on the finger I in breeding males.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFACFFB3628EFF28FD44D5E2.taxon	description	Comparisons. Comparative data of Panophrys daoji sp. nov. with P. daiyunensis, and 47 recognized Panophrys congeners are given in Table 3. Panophrys daoji sp. nov. differs from P. daiyunensis by the relatively larger body size, SVL 32.6 – 33.6 mm in males and 37.5 – 41.4 mm in females (vs SVL 27.6 – 28.7 mm in males and 33.7 – 35.6 mm in females), vomerine teeth absent (vs present), heels not meeting (vs overlapping or meeting), and nuptial spines present on the finger I in breeding males (vs absent). Compared with the six Panophrys species previously recorded from eastern China, P. daoji sp. nov. differs from P. boettgeri by its smaller body size in adult males (vs SVL 34.5 – 37.8 mm), tongue not notched (vs notched), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys daoji sp. nov. differs from P. huangshanensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 36.0 – 41.6 mm in males and 44.2 mm in female), tongue not notched (vs notched), narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys daoji sp. nov. differs from P. kuatunensis by the larger body size in adult males (vs SVL 26.2 – 29.6 mm), tongue not notched (vs notched), and rudimentary web on toes present (vs absent). Panophrys daoji sp. nov. differs from P. lishuiensis by the narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent). Panophrys daoji sp. nov. differs from P. ombrophila by its larger body size in adult females (vs SVL 32.8 – 35.0 mm), and narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent). Panophrys daoji sp. nov. differs from P. xianjuensis by the heels not meeting (vs overlapping). With a moderate body size, SVL 32.6 – 33.6 mm in males and 37.5 – 41.4 mm in females, Panophrys daoji sp. nov. can be distinguished from 20 congeners whose SVL <30 mm or> 35 mm in males or SVL <35 mm or> 45 mm in females, namely P. acuta, P. baolongensis, P. binlingensis, P. caudoprocta, P. cheni, P. hoanglienensis, P. insularis, P. jingdongensis, P. jinggangensis, P. liboensis, P. mirabilis, P. obesa, P. omeimontis, P. palpebralespinosa, P. sangzhiensis, P. shuichengensis, P. spinata, P. tuberogranulatus, P. xiangnanensis, and P. yangmingensis. Panophrys daoji sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining 21 congeners by the following characteristics: vomerine teeth absent (vs present in P. daweimontis, P. dongguanensis, P. fansipanensis, P. jiulianensis, P. nankunensis, P. nanlingensis, P. rubrimera, and P. shimentaina); tongue not notched (vs notched in P. fansipanensis, P. jiulianensis, P. minor, P. nanlingensis, and P. rubrimera); heels not meeting (vs overlapping or meeting in P. angka, P. binchuanensis, P. jiangi, P. jiulianensis, P. leishanensis, P. lini, P. minor, P. mufumontana, P. nanlingensis, P. shimentaina, P. shunhuangensis, P. wuliangshanensis, and P. wushanensis); narrow lateral fringes present on toes (vs absent in P. angka, P. brachykolos, P. caobangensis, P. daweimontis, P. dongguanensis, P. fansipanensis, P. jiangi, P. jiulianensis, P. leishanensis, P. minor, P. nankunensis, P. shunhuangensis, P. wugongensis, and P. wuliangshanensis; vs wide in P. binchuanensis and P. lini; vs absent in females while wide in males in P. wushanensis); rudimentary web present between toes (vs lacking webs in P. daweimontis, P. fansipanensis, P. rubrimera, and P. wuliangshanensis). Description of holotype. SYS a 006209, adult male. Habitus moderate, SVL 33.4 mm; head width shorter than head length, HDW / HDL 0.99; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping posteriorly to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; dorsal surface of head flat; eye small, ED / HDL 0.39; nostril obliquely ovoid; pupil vertical; canthus rostralis well developed, curved above nostril; loreal region sloping; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum edge distinct and raised, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold; choanae large ovoid, situated at base of maxilla; vomerine teeth absent; margin of tongue not notched. Lower arm length 0.20 of SVL and hand length 0.23 of SVL; relative finger lengths II <I <IV <III; tip of finger rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each finger; fingers without webs, narrow lateral fringes present on fingers; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged. Shank length 0.42 of SVL and foot 0.64 of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches at center of tympanum when hindlimb stretched alongside body; heels not meeting when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each toe; rudimentary web and lateral fringes present between toes; tarsal folds absent; inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Dorsal body’s skin texture rough with densely-distributed granules and tubercles; discontinuous “ X ” shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; short transverse skin ridges present on dorsal shank and thigh; a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, with distinct raised tubercles, curving from posterior corner of eye, posteroventrally to above insertion of arm; flank with densely-distributed tubercles. Ventral surface smooth; densely-distributed tubercles on thigh; pectoral gland relatively small, closer to axilla; single femoral gland on posterior surface of thigh. Coloration of holotype. Dorsal surface dark brown; scarlet granules on the dorsal head, supratympanic fold, dorsum, and flanks; a dark brown triangular marking with light edge between eyes; a dark brown “ X ” shaped marking with light edge on center of dorsum; dark stripes below eyes; iris red. Ventral surface grayish brown, with a large white patch and tiny scarlet spots on the belly; three dark longitudinal stripes on the throat; palms pale, soles grayish brown, tips of digits greyish white, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles pale; pectoral glands and femoral glands white. Variation. Measurements of type series are given in Table 5. All specimens were similar in morphology but their colorations were variable. Females are larger than males. SYS a 006210 is dark gray on dorsum with “) (” - shaped skin ridge and “) (” - shaped marking on center of dorsum. SYS a 006211 (Fig. 4 E) is pale brown dorsally with underdeveloped “) (” - shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum. SYS a 006212 is yellowish brown on dorsum. SYS a 006214 (Fig. 4 F) is reddish brown on dorsum with light patches on the shoulder.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFACFFB3628EFF28FD44D5E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Currently, Panophrys daoji sp. nov. is known from the Mt Tiantai (600 – 700 m a. s. l.) of Tiantai County and neighboring Xikou Town (500 – 600 m a. s. l.) of Fenghua City, both situated in the Tiantai Mountains in eastern Zhejiang. Males call from banks of streams in July, but tadpoles have not been found and additional ecological information remains unknown.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAFFFB4628EFC3EFDCFD163.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SYS a 002498 (Fig. 5 A – D), adult male, collected by Ying-Yong Wang on 18 April 2014 from Mt Longqi (26.5233 ° N, 117.2976 ° E; ca 700 m a. s. l.), Jiangle County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, PR China. Paratypes. Five adult males (SYS a 002493 – 2496, SYS a 002499 / CIB 116077) and one adult female (SYS a 002500), collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAFFFB4628EFC3EFDCFD163.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet sanmingensis refers to the type locality of the new species, the Sanming City. Common names. Sanming Horned Toad (in English) / Sān Míng Jiǎo Chán (Ξfifflḃin Chinese)	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAFFFB4628EFC3EFDCFD163.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. (1) body size small, with SVL 27.0 – 29.5 mm (n = 6) in adult males and 29.5 mm in adult female; (2) tympanum distinct, TD / ED 0.49 – 0.50; (3) vomerine teeth absent; (4) margin of tongue notched; (5) heels overlapping; (6) tibio-tarsal articulation reaching just posterior to eye; (7) TIB / SVL 0.44 – 0.48, FTL / SVL 0.61 – 0.65; (8) narrow lateral fringes on fingers present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger, relative finger lengths I <II <IV <III; (9) rudimentary web and wide lateral fringes on toes present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each toe; (10) dorsal body’s skin texture rough, with densely-distributed granules and scattered raised tubercles, “ X ” shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum and dorsolateral skin ridges present; (11) flank with enlarged raised conical tubercles; (12) supratympanic fold distinct; (13) dorsal surfaces yellowish brown or reddish brown, a dark incomplete triangular marking with light edge between eyes, a dark “ X ” shaped marking, with light edge, present on center of dorsum; (14) single subgular vocal sac present in males; (15) nuptial spines present on the finger I in breeding males.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAFFFB4628EFC3EFDCFD163.taxon	description	Comparisons. Comparative data of Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. with P. daiyunensis, P. daoji, and 47 recognized Panophrys congeners are given in Table 3. Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. daiyunensis by its vomerine teeth absent (vs present), tongue notched (vs not notched), lateral fringes on toes wide (vs narrow), and nuptial spines present on the finger I in breeding males (vs absent). Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. daoji by its smaller body size, SVL 27.0 – 29.5 mm in males and 29.5 mm in female (vs SVL 32.6 – 33.6 mm in males and 37.5 – 41.4 mm in females), tongue notched (vs not notched), heels overlapping (vs not meeting), and lateral fringes on toes wide (vs narrow). Compared with the six Panophrys species previously recorded from eastern China, P. sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. boettgeri by its smaller body size (vs SVL 34.5 – 37.8 mm in males and 39.7 – 46.8 mm in females), heels overlapping (vs just meeting), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. huangshanensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 36.0 – 41.6 mm in males and 44.2 mm in female), heels overlapping (vs just meeting or not meeting), wide lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. kuatunensis by its heels overlapping (vs not meeting), lateral fringes on toes wide (vs narrow), and rudimentary web on toes present (vs absent). Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. lishuiensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 30.7 – 34.7 mm in males and 36.9 – 40.4 mm in female), tongue notched (vs not notched), wide lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent). Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. ombrophila by the tongue notched (vs not notched), heels overlapping (vs not meeting), and wide lateral fringes and rudimentary web on toes present (vs both absent). Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from P. xianjuensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 31.0 – 36.3 mm in males and 41.6 mm in female), tongue notched (vs not notched), and lateral fringes on toes wide (vs narrow). With a small body size, SVL 27.0 – 29.5 mm in males and 29.5 mm in female, Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. is different from 34 congeners whose SVL> 32 mm in males or> 36 mm in females, namely P. angka, P. baolongensis, P. binchuanensis, P. binlingensis, P. brachykolos, P. caobangensis, P. caudoprocta, P. daweimontis, P. fansipanensis, P. hoanglienensis, P. insularis, P. jiangi, P. jingdongensis, P. jinggangensis, P. leishanensis, P. liboensis, P. lini, P. minor, P. mirabilis, P. mufumontana, P. nankunensis, P. obesa, P. omeimontis, P. palpebralespinosa, P. sangzhiensis, P. shuichengensis, P. shunhuangensis, P. spinata, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wuliangshanensis, P. wushanensis, P. xiangnanensis, and P. yangmingensis. Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining seven congeners by the following characteristics: SVL 27.0 – 29.5 mm in males and 29.5 mm in females (vs SVL 31.8 – 34.1 mm in females in P. cheni; SVL 30.2 – 39.3 mm in males in P. dongguanensis; vs SVL 30.4 – 33.9 mm in males and 34.1 – 37.5 in females in P. jiulianensis; vs SVL 30.5 – 37.3 mm in males in P. nanlingensis); horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid small (vs large in P. acuta); vomerine teeth absent (vs present in P. dongguanensis, P. jiulianensis, P. nanlingensis, P. rubrimera, and P. shimentaina); tongue notched (vs not notched in P. acuta, P. dongguanensis, and P. shimentaina); heels overlapping (vs not meeting in P. acuta and P. dongguanensis); wide lateral fringes present on toes (vs narrow in P. acuta, P. nanlingensis, P. rubrimera, and P. shimentaina; vs absent in P. dongguanensis and P. jiulianensis); rudimentary web present between toes (vs absent in P. rubrimera). Description of holotype. SYS a 002498, adult male. Habitus small, SVL 29.3 mm; head length shorter than head width, HDW / HDL 1.02; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping posteriorly to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; dorsal surface of head flat; eye large, ED / HDL 0.42; nostril obliquely ovoid; pupil vertical; canthus rostralis well developed, curved above nostril; loreal region sloping; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum distinct; choanae large ovoid, situated at base of maxilla; vomerine teeth absent; margin of tongue notched. Lower arm length 0.25 of SVL and hand length 0.24 of SVL; relative finger lengths I <II <IV <III; tip of finger rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each finger; fingers without webs, narrow lateral fringes present on fingers; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged. Shank length 0.48 of SVL and foot 0.64 of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches posterior margin of eye when hindlimb stretched alongside body; heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each toe; rudimentary web and wide lateral fringes present between toes; tarsal folds absent; inner metatarsal tubercle long, ovoid, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Dorsal body’s skin texture rough with densely-distributed granules and scattered raised tubercles; “ X ” shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; dorsolateral skin ridges present; a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, curving from posterior corner of eye, posteroventrally to above insertion of arm; flank with raised tubercles; raised tubercles on dorsal arms and hindlimbs. Ventral surface smooth with tiny granules; pectoral gland large, closer to axilla; single large femoral gland on posterior surface of thigh. Coloration of holotype. Dorsal surface brown; a dark incomplete triangular marking with light edge between eyes; a dark “ X ” shaped marking with light edge on center of dorsum; dark crossbars on dorsal upper arms and hindlimbs; dark stripes below eyes and at lateral tip of snout; iris yellowish brown. Ventral surface pale with densely-distributed white spots; three dark longitudinal stripes on the throat; a pair of longitudinal black stripes with white edge on the lateroventral belly; palms and soles purplish brown, tips of digits greyish white, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles orange red; pectoral glands and femoral glands white. Variation. Measurements of type series are given in Table 6. All specimens were similar in morphology. SYS a 002493 (Fig. 5 E) has reddish brown dorsal surface, with red spots on the dorsum and flanks. SYS a 002494 (Fig. 5 F) and SYS a 002495 have black spots on flanks and the posterior of dorsum.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAFFFB4628EFC3EFDCFD163.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Currently, Panophrys sanmingensis sp. nov. is recognized from the Mt Longqi (700 – 740 m a. s. l.) of Jiangle County, Mt Emeifeng (900 – 1250 m a. s. l.) of Taining County and Gutian Town (750 – 780 m a. s. l.) of Shanghang County in western Fujian, Mt Magu (500 – 600 m a. s. l.) of Nancheng County, Mt Junfeng (850 – 980 m a. s. l.) of Nanfeng County and Mt Jinpen (ca 500 m a. s. l.) of Xinfeng County in eastern Jiangxi, and Mt Fenghuang (800 – 900 m a. s. l.) of Chao’an District, Chaozhou City in eastern Guangdong, which indicates the distribution area of this species is in the wide hilly area among Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces. This species inhabits streams surrounded by moist subtropical secondary evergreen broadleaved forests. Males call actively from mid-April to early June in Mt Longqi, Mt Emeifeng, Mt Magu, and Mt Junfeng; two individuals were found from Gutian Town in mid-July, and they were calling inactively; only one individual was found from Mt Jinpen in late September, and it was not calling.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAAFFBB628EFAC4FE8AD77E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SYS a 003228 (Fig. 6 A – E), adult male, collected by Run-Lin Li on 18 August 2014 from Pingxi (28.1154 ° N, 118.2372 ° E; ca 1100 m a. s. l.), Mt Tongbo, Guangfeng District, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Paratypes. Three adult males (SYS a 003225 – 3227), collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype; one adult male (SYS a 001911 / CIB 116078), collected by Run-Lin Li on 5 August 2012 from the same locality as the holotype.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAAFFBB628EFAC4FE8AD77E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet tongboensis refers to its type locality, Mt Tongbo. Common names. Mt Tongbo Horned Toad (in English) / Tóng Bó Shān Jiǎo Chán (ffiůƜffl ḃin Chinese)	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAAFFBB628EFAC4FE8AD77E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. (1) body size small, with SVL 26.5 – 31.5 mm (n = 5) in adult males; (2) tympanum visible, the anterior edge indistinct; (3) vomerine teeth present; (4) margin of tongue notched; (5) heels overlapping; (6) tibiotarsal articulation reaching at center of eye; (7) TIB / SVL 0.46 – 0.49, FTL / SVL 0.59 – 0.68; (8) narrow lateral fringes on fingers present, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger, relative finger lengths II <I <IV <III; (9) web and lateral fringes on toes absent, one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each toe; (10) dorsal body’s skin texture relatively smooth with tiny granules, “ X ” or “) (” - shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; (11) flank with tubercles, some of which forming short longitudinal skin ridge; (12) supratympanic fold distinct; (13) dorsal surfaces beige or olive-beige, a brown “ V ” shaped or triangular marking with light edge between eyes, a brown “ X ” or “) (” - shaped marking, with light edge, present on center of dorsum; (14) single subgular vocal sac present in males.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAAFFBB628EFAC4FE8AD77E.taxon	description	Comparisons. Comparative data of Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. with P. daiyunensis, P. daoji, P. sanmingensis, and 47 recognized Panophrys congeners are given in Table 3. Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. daiyunensis by its tongue notched (vs not notched), and lateral fringes and web on toes absent (vs both present). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. daoji by the smaller body size, SVL 26.5 – 31.5 mm in males (vs SVL 32.6 – 33.6 mm), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), tongue notched (vs not notched), heels overlapping (vs not meeting), and lateral fringes and web on toes absent (vs both present). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. sanmingensis by its vomerine teeth present (vs absent), and lateral fringes and web on toes absent (vs both present). Compared with the six Panophrys species previously recorded from eastern China, P. tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. boettgeri by its smaller body size (vs SVL 34.5 – 37.8 mm in males), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), heels overlapping (vs just meeting), lateral fringes and web on toes absent (vs both present), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. huangshanensis by the smaller body size (vs SVL 36.0 – 41.6 mm in males), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), heels overlapping (vs just meeting or not meeting), and round light patches on the shoulder absent (vs present). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. kuatunensis by vomerine teeth present (vs absent), heels overlapping (vs not meeting), and lateral fringes on toes absent (vs present). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. lishuiensis by its smaller body size (vs SVL 30.7 – 34.7 mm in males), vomerine teeth present (vs absent), and tongue notched (vs not notched). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. ombrophila by its vomerine teeth present (vs absent), tongue notched (vs not notched), and heels overlapping (vs not meeting). Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. differs from P. xianjuensis by its vomerine teeth present (vs absent), tongue notched (vs not notched), and lateral fringes and web on toes absent (vs both present). With a small body size, SVL 26.5 – 31.5 mm in males, Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. is different from 21 congeners whose SVL> 34 mm in males, namely P. baolongensis, P. binlingensis, P. caobangensis, P. caudoprocta, P. daweimontis, P. hoanglienensis, P. insularis, P. jiangi, P. jingdongensis, P. jinggangensis, P. liboensis, P. lini, P. minor, P. mirabilis, P. obesa, P. omeimontis, P. palpebralespinosa, P. sangzhiensis, P. shuichengensis, P. spinata, and P. xiangnanensis. Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining 20 congeners by the following characteristics: SVL 26.5 – 31.5 mm in males (vs SVL 32.0 – 36.0 mm in P. binchuanensis; vs SVL 33.2 – 37.1 mm in P. yangmingensis; vs SVL 33.2 – 39.0 mm in P. tuberogranulatus; vs SVL 33.7 – 39.3 mm in P. brachykolos); horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid small (vs large in P. acuta); vomerine teeth present (vs absent in P. acuta, P. angka, P. binchuanensis, P. brachykolos, P. cheni, P. leishanensis, P. mufumontana, P. shunhuangensis, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wuliangshanensis, P. wushanensis, and P. yangmingensis); tongue notched (vs not notched in P. acuta, P. angka, P. brachykolos, P. dongguanensis, P. leishanensis, P. mufumontana, P. nankunensis, P. shimentaina, P. shunhuangensis, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wushanensis, and P. yangmingensis); heels overlapping (vs not meeting in P. acuta, P. brachykolos, P. dongguanensis, P. nankunensis, and P. wugongensis); lateral fringes on toes absent (vs present in P. acuta, P. binchuanensis, P. cheni, P. mufumontana, P. nanlingensis, P. rubrimera, P. shimentaina, and P. yangmingensis; vs absent in females while wide in males in P. wushanensis); web between toes absent (vs present in P. acuta, P. angka, P. binchuanensis, P. brachykolos, P. cheni, P. dongguanensis, P. jiulianensis, P. leishanensis, P. mufumontana, P. nankunensis, P. nanlingensis, P. shimentaina, P. shunhuangensis, P. tuberogranulatus, P. wugongensis, P. wushanensis, and P. yangmingensis); one subarticular tubercle present at the base of each finger (vs absent in P. fansipanensis). Description of holotype. SYS a 003228, adult male. Habitus small, SVL 28.5 mm; head width shorter than head length, HDW / HDL 0.91; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping posteriorly to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; dorsal surface of head flat; eye large, ED / HDL 0.39; nostril obliquely ovoid; pupil vertical; canthus rostralis well developed, curved above nostril; loreal region sloping; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum visible but the anterior edge indistinct; choanae large ovoid, situated at base of maxilla; vomerine teeth present; margin of tongue notched. Lower arm length 0.24 of SVL and hand length 0.24 of SVL; relative finger lengths II <I <IV <III; tip of finger rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each finger; fingers without webs, narrow lateral fringes present on fingers; outer and inner metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged. Shank length 0.46 of SVL and foot 0.61 of SVL; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches at center of eye when hindlimb stretched alongside body; heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes rounded, slightly dilated; one subarticular tubercle present at base of each toe; web and lateral fringes on toes absent; tarsal folds absent; inner metatarsal tubercle long, ovoid, and outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Dorsal body’s skin texture relatively smooth with tiny granules; “) (” - shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum; a small horn-like tubercle present at edge of upper eyelid; supratympanic fold distinct, curving from posterior corner of eye, posteroventrally to above insertion of arm; flank with raised tubercles. Ventral surface smooth, with scattered tubercles on thigh; pectoral gland large, closer to axilla; single large femoral gland on posterior surface of thigh. Coloration of holotype. Dorsal surface beige; a brown “ V ” shaped marking with light edge between eyes; a brown “) (” - shaped marking with light edge on center of dorsum; dark crossbars on dorsal upper arms and hindlimbs; dark stripes below eyes and at lateral tip of snout; iris reddish brown. Ventral surface dark brown with densely-distributed white spots; a dark longitudinal stripe on the throat; a pair of longitudinal black stripes with white edge on the lateroventral belly; palms and soles reddish brown, tips of digits light red, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles orange red; pectoral glands and femoral glands white. Variation. Measurements of type series are given in Table 7. All specimens were similar in morphology. SYS a 003227 has an incomplete triangular marking between eyes. SYS a 001911 (Fig. 6 F) has a triangular marking between eyes and short longitudinal skin ridges on the flanks.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
03B087AFFFAAFFBB628EFAC4FE8AD77E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Currently, Panophrys tongboensis sp. nov. is only known from the type locality, Mt Tongbo (1100 – 1115 m a. s. l.) in northeastern Jiangxi. This toad appears to be rare with all individuals being found in the same stream, and is under the competition with the sympatric congener P. boettgeri which is more abundant. Males call on deadwood above streams in August, however, the male individuals found in August were not bearing nuptial pads or spines. Females and tadpoles have not been found and additional ecological information remains unknown.	en	Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi, Wang, Jian, Liu, Zu-Yao, Huang, Ya-Qiong, Li, Wen-Zhou, Wang, Ying-Yong (2021): Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus. Zootaxa 4927 (1): 9-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2
