taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B087E34A5AFFDA16B5F901F8B2F9A4.taxon	description	GenBank: — MG 696633 (18 S rRNA gene).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5AFFDA16B5F901F8B2F9A4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — CHINA. Hunan Province: Dong’an County, Shunhuangshan National Forest Park, 26 ° 23 ’ 59 ” N, 111 ° 2 ’ 18 ” E, elevation 647 m, on rotten stem of unidentified bamboo, 13 Jul 2015, collected by Gang He (holotype, MCCNNU 1898!).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5AFFDA16B5F901F8B2F9A4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — aeruginosa refers to the alice blue sporangia. Sporangia densely aggregated on a common hypothallus, stipitate, alice blue, fading to drab with age, cylindrical, 5 – 6 mm tall, 0.5 – 0.8 mm in diameter when expanded; hypothallus continuous, membranous, hyaline; cup 0.3 – 0.4 in diameter, dark brown, membranous, funnel-shaped, plicate externally, the inner surface densely ornamented with spines which rarely coalesce to form a reticulum; columella absent; stalk slender, black, 0.6 – 1.0 mm long, filled with spore-like cells; capillitium slightly elastic, firmly attached to the margin and center of the cup, the threads branched and anastomosed, 4.8 – 6.0 μm in diameter including ornamentations, marked by continuous half-rings arranged in a loose spiral, the remaining surface roughly spined, the half-rings and spines also connected by low ridges forming an irregular reticulum; spores free, concolorous in mass, colorless by transmitted light, subglobose, (7.6) 8.0 – 8.8 (9.2) μm in diameter, marked with dense warts and grouped prominent warts; Plasmodium unknown. Additional specimen examined: — China. Hunan Province: Dong’an County, Shunhuangshan National Forest Park, 26 ° 23 ’ 59 ” N, 111 ° 2 ’ 18 ” E, elevation 644 m, on rotten stem of unidentified bamboo, 13 Jul 2015, collected by Gang He (Paratype, MCCNNU 1899!). Habitat: — On rotten stem of unidentified bamboo.	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5AFFDA16B5F901F8B2F9A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Currently known only from the type locality.	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5AFFDA16B5F901F8B2F9A4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — The genus Arcyria, established by Wiggers in 1780 (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969), is one of the most common genera in the family Trichiaceae of the order Trichiales. It is typically characterized by having a netted capillitium. The other characters include the usually stalked sporangia, fugacious peridium remaining at the base as cup and pale spores (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). It is represented by 53 species worldwide of which 30 have been reported in China (Lado 2005 – 2018, Li et al. 2008, Zhang et al. 2012). The most unusual characteristic of A. aeruginosa is the cup which has dense spines on inner surface. The combination of the above character and the alice blue sporangia is unknown in any other species of the genus. The new species is most similar to Arcyria glauca Lister in having bluish sporotheca and comparable ornamentation on the capillitium. Arcyria glauca is characterized by short stalks (0.2 – 0.3 mm), faintly reticulated cup, usually presence of smooth part or spirals on capillitial threads (2.5 – 3.0 μm in diameter), and nearly smooth spores (Lister 1925; Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). Arcyria aeruginosa, by comparison, has longer stalks (0.6 – 1.0 mm), densely spined cup, evenly ornamented capillitium (4.8 – 6.0 μm in diameter), and larger spores which also ornamented by two types of warts. Other Arcyria species have blue or green sporangia are Arcyria brooksii T. N. Lakh. & K. G. Mukerji, A. fasciculata Dhillon & Nann. - Bremek., A. nigella Emoto and A. virescens G. Lister. Arcyria brooksii is distinguished from A. aeruginosa for its smaller sporangia (0.8 – 1.5 mm long), persistent peridium, reticulated inner surface of cup, and capillitial threads marked by prominent blunt spines (Lakhanpal & Mukerji 1979). Arcyria fasciculata is characterized by subglobose to short cylindrical, yellowish green or reddish grey sporangia, deep cup, weak attachment between sporotheca and cup (Dhillon & Nannenga-Bremekamp 1978), unlike the counterpart of A. aeruginosa. Arcyria nigella differs in its small and globose sporangia (1.0 – 1.5 mm in diameter), strongly netted cups, spinose and reticulated capillitium (Emoto 1928). Arcyria virescens has narrow funnel-shaped cups with inner surface reticulated, weak attachment between sporotheca and cup, and prominent transverse ridges on capillitium (Lister 1921). The ornamentation of cup or capillitium of A. aeruginosa resembles that of A. colloderma Nann. - Bremek. & S. L. Stephenson, and A. verrucosituba Nann. - Bremek. & Schinner. However, A. colloderma is distinguished by its red-brown to grey-brown sporangia with very short stalks (Stephenson & Nannengabremekamp 1990). For A. verrucosituba, the capillitial net was mainly connected to the stalk apex and easily broke away. Furthermore, it differs in its smaller (1.3 – 2.5 mm long) and ochraceous sporangia, deep and netted cups, and smaller spores (6 – 7 μm in diameter) (Nannenga-Bremekamp & Schinner 1986).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5FFFD816B5F988FF4CFA89.taxon	description	GenBank: — MG 696637 (18 S rRNA gene).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5FFFD816B5F988FF4CFA89.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — China. Chongqing City: Simian Mountain, 28 ° 36 ’ 32 ” N, 106 ° 25 ’ 53 ” E, elevation 1150 m, on dead leaves of unidentified trees, 13 Jul 2016, collected by Shuanglin Chen (holotype, MCCNNU 3001!).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5FFFD816B5F988FF4CFA89.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — subochraceum refers to the deep chrome to mars yellow peridium. Fruiting bodies in scattered groups, plasmodiocarpous or sporangiate, sessile, deep chrome to mars yellow; plasmodiocarps short, curved, slightly depressed, 0.6 – 3.0 mm long, 0.1 – 0.2 mm high, sporangia hemispherical to pulvinate, with a constricted base, 0.3 – 0.5 mm in diameter, 0.2 – 0.3 mm high; hypothallus inconspicuous, membraneous, hyaline; peridium a single layer compacted with lime granules, brittle, ornamented with minute holes on the outer surface; dehiscence mainly by longitudinal slit in plasmodiocarps or by stellate type in sporangia; columella absent; capillitium of profuse, rigid threads, attached to the base and peridium but easily break away from the base, gray under the dissecting microscope and hyaline by transmitted light, 1.4 – 2.3 μm in diameter, with branches and anastomoses, hardly expanded in the axils, usually beaded with rounded granules; spores dark brown in mass, pale brown by transmitted light, globose, (10.0) 10.5 – 11.4 (11.7) μm in diameter, warted, with clusters of large warts; plasmodium unknown. Additional specimen examined: — China. Chongqing City: Simian Mountain, 28 ° 36 ’ 32 ” N, 106 ° 25 ’ 53 ” E, elevation 1150 m, on dead leaves of unidentified trees, 13 Jul 2016, collected by Shuanglin Chen (Paratype, MCCNNU 3002!). Habitat: — on dead leaves of unidentified trees.	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5FFFD816B5F988FF4CFA89.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Currently known only from the type locality.	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5FFFD816B5F988FF4CFA89.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — The genus Diderma Pers. is a large genus of the family Didymiaceae in the order Physarales (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). It is characterized by double, sometimes single or triple layered peridium whose outer layer is calcareous or cartilaginous, by usually developed and calcareous columella and the limeless capillitium (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). Eighty species of the genus have been reported to date (Lado 2005 – 2018), and twenty-four of them are known in China (Chen et al. 2013). The D. subochraceum is characterized by the single, deep chrome to mars yellow peridium with longitudinal or stellate dehiscence. The combination of these characters with undeveloped columella, profuse, rigid capillitium and spores ornamented with two types of warts is unknown in any other species in Diderma. The new species seems to be mostly related to Diderma simplex (J. Schröt.) E. Sheld. Since both share the single peridium and absence of columella. However, the latter is characterized by crowded to heaped sporangia, membranous peridium, and sometimes well-developed hypothallus. The capillitium of D. simplex also shows expansions bearing lime-granules at the base which are absent in D. subochraceum. Furthermore, spores of D. simplex are violet, smaller (7 – 9 μm diam. according to Schoeter; 8 – 10 μm diam. according to Lister) and minutely warted (Schoeter 1885, Lister 1925). Martin & Alexopoulos (1969) described D. simplex based on the collections from Silesia. Diderma subochraceum fits their description in certain respects, such as the absence of membranous peridium, and size and ornamentation of spores. But other characteristics obviously differ from D. subochraceum, including heaped sporangia, rare plasmodiocarps, brick-red peridium, tinted hypothallus and scanty capillitium. Although double-layered peridium is common in species of Diderma, it does not mean that single peridium is unusual. At least eleven other species of Diderma are characterized by single peridium, and four of them have undeveloped columella, which are D. brunneobasale S. L. Stephenson & Nann. - Bremek., D. chondrioderma (de Bary & Rostaf.) Kuntze, D. evelinae (Meyl.) Kowalski and D. imperialis Emoto. However, it is easy to find at least one diagnostic feature when any two species are compared. Diderma brunneobasale can be distinguished from D. subochraceum by its depressed, white to brown sporangia, swelling capillitium and smaller spores (ca. 9 μm in diameter) (Stephenson & Nannengabremekamp 1990). Sporangia of D. chondrioderma and D. imperialis were usually stalked. Diderma chondrioderma also has large spores (10 – 15 μm in diameter) (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). The latter, in addition, has brown peridium and thickening part in capillitium (Emoto 1929). Diderma evelinae is special in ovoid to sub-cylindrical sporangia, extensive hypothallus and dark, net-like capillitium (Kowalski 1975).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5DFFD916B5FAADFFC1F91C.taxon	description	Sporangia dispersed or grouped, occasionally effused, sessile, subglobose or slightly elongated, 0.2 – 0.3 mm in diameter, silvery gray when lime crystals is present or drab when it is lacking; hypothallus inconspicuous; peridium membranous, colorless, covered with cuboidal calcareous crystals, dehiscence irregular; columella spherical to columnar, white, calcareous, occasionally absent; capillitium abundant, hyaline, arising from the columella or sporangia base, broader at base and containing expansion, threads 2.2 – 3.2 μm in diameter, branch and anastomose to form a loose reticulum with the extremities attached to the peridium; spores free, black in mass, dark brown by transmitted light, subglobose, encircled by a prominent equatorial ring, (10.0) 10.5 – 11.3 (11.9) μm in diameter, densely warted, with some warts fused in line patterns; plasmodium white. Specimens examined: — China. Henan Province: Neixiang County, Baotianman National Nature Reserve, 33 ° 30 ’ 48.02 ” N, 111 ° 56 ’ 0.62 ” E, elevation 1412 m, on bark of Acer sp. in moist chamber culture, collected on 27 Oct 2015, Yang Gao, cultured on 8 Nov 2015, harvested on 22 Nov 2015 (MCCNNU 2256!); Neixiang County, Baotianman National Nature Reserve, 33 ° 30 ’ 43.28 ” N, 111 ° 56 ’ 14.52 ” E, elevation 1626 m, on bark of Quercus sp. in moist chamber culture, collected on 26 Jun 2016, Yang Gao, cultured on 5 Jul 2016, harvested on 24 Jul 2016 (MCCNNU 2510!); Neixiang County, Baotianman National Nature Reserve, 33 ° 30 ’ 43.22 ” N, 111 ° 56 ’ 4.56 ” E, elevation 1508 m, on bark of Toxicodendron sp. in moist chamber culture, collected on 22 Jul 2016, Yang Gao, cultured on 4 Aug 2016, harvested on 26 Aug 2016 (MCCNNU 2547!). Habitat: — On straw stacks (Keller 1970), leaves, dung of herbivore (Ranade et al. 2012) and bark of living tree (this study).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5DFFD916B5FAADFFC1F91C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — USA (Keller 1970, Eliasson 1991), India (Ranade et al. 2012), Ethiopia (Dagamac et al. 2017), Pakistan (Neubert et al. 1995), Japan (Neubert et al. 1995) and China (this study).	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
03B087E34A5DFFD916B5FAADFFC1F91C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — Didymium saturnus described by Keller (1970) in details has ringed spores. Compared with the descriptions of Keller (1970), the Chinese materials have a slightly smaller spores (11 – 12 μm in diameter according to Keller) and different shape of lime crystals on the peridium (cuboidal according to Keller). But the same spore ornamentation including the truncate processes of warts confirmed that our collection is D. saturnus (Keller & Schoknecht 1989). The above differences are treated as intraspecific variations. Fuligo luteonitens L. G. Krieglst. & Nowotny, in Neubert, Nowotny & Baumann, Myxomyceten 2: 213, 1995.	en	Gao, Yang, Yan, Shu-Zhen, Wang, Gao-Wei, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2018): Two new species and two new records of myxomycetes from subtropical forests in China. Phytotaxa 350 (1): 51-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.350.1.6
