identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B05940FFADFFA1FF50FD9BFB37D794.text	03B05940FFADFFA1FF50FD9BFB37D794.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia Johannsen 1905	<div><p>Genus Ablabesmyia Johannsen</p><p>Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905: 135; Fittkau 1962: 416; Roback 1971: 345, 1985: 154; Fittkau &amp; Murray 1986: 37; Murray &amp; Fittkau 1989: 42; Niitsuma 2013: 480; Cranston &amp; Epler 2013: 61; Oliveira et al. 2013: 5. Type species: Tipula monilis Linnaeus, by subsequent designation of Johannsen (1907: 400).</p><p>Four subgenera, Ablabesmyia s. str., Karelia Roback, Sartaia Roback and Asayia Roback, are currently recognized within the genus (Roback 1971, 1983, 1985; Murray &amp; Fittkau 1989; Oliveira et al. 2008). The erection of these subgenera is primarily based on the adult stages.</p><p>In the generic diagnosis for the adult, Roback (1971: 354) and Murray &amp; Fittkau (1989: 42) wrote, “third palpal segment shorter than second.” Their second and third palpal segments correspond to the third and fourth palpomeres, respectively, in this paper. The adults of A. (Ablabesmyia) bifurca sp. n. and A. (Karelia) kisanganiensis Lehmann, 1981 (q.v.) have the fourth palpomere being distinctly longer than the third. In the adults of A. (Ablabesmyia) huananensis sp. n. and A. (Karelia) daiensis sp. n., the third palpomere is nearly equal to the fourth in the length. Thus, the character is qualified with “usually” for the generic diagnosis.</p><p>Murray &amp; Fittkau (1989) used the costal vein ending above the tip of M 3+4 as a discriminator separating the subgenus Sartaia from the subgenera Ablabesmyia and Karelia, but the wing venations of A. (Ablabesmyia) huananensis sp. n. and A. (Ablabesmyia) praegracilis sp. n. described here, as well as Ethiopian A. (Ablabesmyia) rimae Harrison, 1991 (q.v.), resemble that of A. (Sartaia) metica Roback, 1983 .</p><p>Oliveira et al. (2008) reared the larvae of A. (Sartaia) metica to describe the immature stages of the monotypic subgenus Sartaia . They (l.c. p. 62) noted as the diagnostic features for the pupa, “It can be separated from other Ablabesmyia species in having shagreen on abdominal tergites consisting of simple spines and thoracic horn with dense, fine, oval-type of reticulation.” However, the pupae of Chinese A. (Ablabesmyia) pectinata sp. n. and Ethiopian A. (Ablabesmyia) rimae also possess abdominal tergal shagreen consisting of simple spines. In Oliveira et al. (l.c.), the pupa of the Chinese species will key to Ablabesmyia s. str. by the thoracic horn apically with a nipple covering a club-shaped aeropyle tube. Harrison (1991: 58) stated that in the Ethiopian species, “The pupal thoracic horn resembles that of A. (Asayia) annulata (Say), specially in the structure of the sub-apical position and structure of the horn sac neck, but the thoracic comb tubercles and the simple shagreen spinules are unlike those of annulata .” Consequently, the Ethiopian pupa will key to Sartaia in Oliveira et al. (l.c.).</p><p>Niitsuma (2013: 496) pointed out that a club-shaped aeropyle tube occurs not only in Ablabesmyia s. str. and Sartaia, but also in Karelia . According to Oliveira et al. (2013), in Neotropical A. gessnerae Neubern, the male has separate dark spots on the wing membrane, no setal tuft on the abdominal tergite VIII and an apically expanded sub-terminal seta on the gonostylus, of which combination is distinctive in Ablabesmyia s. str. (Murray &amp; Fittkau 1989: 43), and the pupa possesses a T-shaped aeropyle tube on the apex of the thoracic horn, which is proper to Karelia (Oliveira et al. 2008: 66).</p><p>Further, there is another problem between the adult and larva. In Neotropical A. ducke Neubern, A. fazzari Neubern and A. fusariae Neubern, as well as A. gessnerae, the male possesses the features as mentioned above, wing with separate spots, abdominal tergite VIII without lateral setal tufts, and gonostylus with an apically expanded sub-terminal seta, and the larva has two-divided maxillary palpi, a ligula with a concave margin of five pointed teeth and seven apical setae on the procercus (Oliveira et al. 2013). Thus, the males key to Ablabesmyia s. str. in Murray &amp; Fittkau (1989: 43), whereas the larvae key to Karelia in Cranston &amp; Epler (2013: 62).</p><p>Although Oliveira et al. (2013) described 24 new species of this genus from the Neotropical region, they could not place these species on any subgenus. Therefore, the boundary between subgenera is still unclear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFADFFA1FF50FD9BFB37D794	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFAEFFA1FF50FEE5FB2DD5AB.text	03B05940FFAEFFA1FF50FEE5FB2DD5AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) Johannsen	<div><p>Subgenus Ablabesmyia Johannsen</p><p>Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905: 135; Roback 1971: 365, 1985: 178; Niitsuma 2013: 481.</p><p>Roback (1985) divided the subgenus Ablabesmyia into five species groups based on the adult male and larval features of North American species: A. (A.) rhamphe, A. (A.) monilis, A. (A.) simpsoni, A. (A.) mallochi and A. (A.) aspera groups. In Japanese species A. (A.) amamisimplex Sasa and A. (A.) jogancornua Sasa et Okazawa, however, the grouping based on the adult is contradicted with that of the larva (Niitsuma 2013). The males of both the species belong to the A. (A.) simpsoni group because the dorsal lobe has an apical brush and a well-developed lateral lobe is present in the aedeagal complex, while their larvae do not belong to any of the groups since the maxillary palp is sub-divided into three short and one long segments. Roback (l.c. p. 158) stated, “I have not seen a 3 short, 1 long segmented palpus except in early instars of A. mallochi and A. aspera, though it is not unlikely that such a formation and others will be found when the world fauna of Ablabesmyia is better known.”</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFAEFFA1FF50FEE5FB2DD5AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFAEFFA1FF50FCF0FB29D1B4.text	03B05940FFAEFFA1FF50FCF0FB29D1B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) prorasha Kobayashi et Kubota	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) prorasha Kobayashi et Kubota</p><p>(Figs 1A–C)</p><p>Ablabesmyia prorasha Kobayashi et Kubota, 2002: 323 .</p><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) prorasha: Niitsuma 2013: 485 .</p><p>Material examined. 1 male, CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture, Baise City, Chengbi River, 26.vii.2015 ; 1 male, Yunnan Province, Chengjiang County, Fuxian Lake, 22.viii.2012 ; 3 males, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City, Mekong River, 16.i.2014 ; 1 male, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest National Park, 25.iv.2017 ; 1 male, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Conghua District, Wenquan Town, Shimen National Forest Park, 2.i.2011 ; 1 male, Guangzhou City, Conghua District, Lyutian Town, Yugongdong Reservoir, 19.iii.2014 ; 1 male, as previous except 28.iii.2016; 2 males, Guangzhou City, Conghua District, Lyutian Town, Dongkeng Reservoir, 2.iii.2015 (emerged 8.iii.2015) ; 1 male, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, Lan Stream, 10.xii.2017 ; 1 male, Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Nan’ao County, Shen’ao Reservoir, 22.iv.2016 ; 1 male, Hainan Province, Tunchang County, Nanlyu Town, Zhenghong Reservoir, 7.ii.2015 .</p><p>Remarks. Niitsuma (2013: 486, fig. 17) mistook the lateral lobe (LL) for the lateral filaments (LF) in the redescription of this species. Actually, the lateral filaments merge with the lateral lobe, and are not visible in the dorsal view. The male is characterized by the three wing spots located at the apices of R 1, R 3 and R 4+5, the weak basolateral bulge on the gonocoxite (Fig. 1A; Kobayashi &amp; Kubota 2002, fig. 14), the robust finger-like aedeagal blade and the well-developed dorsal lobe with an apical brush in the aedeagal complex (Figs 1B, C). Niitsuma (l.c. p. 487) pointed out the similarities between the aedeagal complexes of A. (A.) prorasha and A. (A.) basalis (Walley). In the Chinese material, the male also resembles that of A. (A.) basalis in possessing dark brown abdominal segments VI–VIII, as described by Roback (1971, fig. 608). However, the hypopygium of the latter can be separated by the gonocoxite with a stronger basolateral bulge (cf. Roback 1971, fig. 607; Saether 2011, fig. 8F).</p><p>To date, the species has been recorded from Palaearctic Japan and Korea (Kobayashi &amp; Kubota 2002; Niitsuma 2013). The Chinese collection shows that the distribution of the species extends to Oriental China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFAEFFA1FF50FCF0FB29D1B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFAEFFA7FF50F8F7FD8ED624.text	03B05940FFAEFFA7FF50F8F7FD8ED624.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) amamisimplex Sasa 1991	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) amamisimplex Sasa</p><p>(Figure 2A)</p><p>Ablabesmyia amamisimplex Sasa, 1990: 134 .</p><p>? Ablabesmyia longistyla [nec Fittkau, 1962]: Wang, 2000: 631 partim.</p><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) amamisimplex: Niitsuma 2013: 487 .</p><p>Remarks. The everted aedeagal complex (Fig. 2A) clearly shows the shape of the lateral lobe, which is a palmate membranous lobe and looks like a broad lanceolate membrane with lateral or apical teeth in normal position (Niitsuma 2013, fig. 28).</p><p>Wang (2000: 631) recorded a larva of Ablabesmyia longistyla (Fittkau) from Liaoning Province in Palaearctic China. After the reexamination of the material, the second author suspected that it may be the larva of A. (A.) amamisimplex, because the basal segment of maxillary palp is sub-divided into four parts and the basal segment of antenna is more than 15 times as long as the basal width, which are consistent with description given by Niitsuma (2013). Indeed, A. (A.) amamisimplex is common in Palaearctic Japan and has been misidentified as A. (A.) longistyla by Japanese authors, Sasa et al. (1998), Kobayashi &amp; Kubota (2002) and Niitsuma (2005).</p><p>Although the species has been known from Palaearctic and Oriental Japan (Niitsuma 2013), we add new distribution records in Oriental China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFAEFFA7FF50F8F7FD8ED624	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFA8FFA7FF50FE7AFE33D331.text	03B05940FFA8FFA7FF50FE7AFE33D331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) jogancornua Sasa et Okazawa	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) jogancornua Sasa et Okazawa</p><p>(Figure 2B)</p><p>Ablabesmyia jogancornua Sasa et Okazawa, 1991: 64 .</p><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) jogancornua: Niitsuma 2013: 492 .</p><p>Material examined. 1 male with pupal exuviae, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shiyan City, Mt. Wudang, Lake Tian, 24.vi.2017 ; 1 male, Anhui Province, Huangshan City, Tangkou Town, Huangshan Nature Conservation Reserve, Fuxi Stream, 27.v.2012 ; 1 male, Fujian Province, Minqing County, Huangchulin National Nature Reserve, 9.xi.2012 ; 1 male, Yunnan Province, Anning City, Qinglongxia Nature Reserve, Shuishenqiao, 27.iv.2017 ; 1 male with pupal exuviae, 1 pupal exuviae, Yunnan Province, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Pingbian Miao Autonomous County, Daweishan National Nature Reserve, stream, 4.vi.2017 .</p><p>Remarks. The species has been known only from Palaearctic Japan (Sasa &amp; Okazawa 1991, Niitsuma 2013). Here, we record the distribution in Oriental (Fujian and Yunnan Provinces) and Palaearctic (Hubei and Anhui Provinces) China, based on the male specimens possessing a dorsal lobe with an apical brush, a curved blade with a pointed apex, and a lateral lobe with apicomedial serration in the aedeagal complex (Fig. 2B), and the pupal specimens possessing darkened pattern on the abdominal tergites II–VIII (Niitsuma 2 0 13, figs 42a, b). The adult somewhat resembles that of A. (A.) amamisimplex in the general appearance but can be easily separated by the number of spots along the anterior costal margin, which is three in A. (A.) jogancornua, and two in A. (A.) amamisimplex (Niitsuma 2013) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFA8FFA7FF50FE7AFE33D331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFA8FFA5FF50F91CFAA0D2A4.text	03B05940FFA8FFA5FF50F91CFAA0D2A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) alba Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) alba Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi</p><p>(Figure 3)</p><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) alba Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi, 1983: 902; Haza et al. 2011: 330.</p><p>Material examined. 1 male, CHINA: Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Nan’ao county, Shen’ao Bay near Marine Field Station of Shantou University, 25–26.ix.2016 , light trap; 1 male, Macau Special Administrative Region, Co-Tai Conservation Zone, 20.vii.2012 ; 5 males, as previous except 12.vi.2013; 3 males, as previous except 20.vii.2014.</p><p>Description. Male (n=10). Total length 2.4–2.9, 2.7 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Head vertex, clypeus and all palpomeres brown. Thorax brownish except yellowish pleural membrane. Abdomen pale yellow with subcutaneous pigmentaion; T VI–VIII and gonocoxite of hypopygium somewhat darkened. Wing (Fig. 3A) with dark spots on RM, FCu, and at apices of R 1 and R 4+5; membrane dark spot in middle of cell r 4+5 proximal to that in middle of cell m 1+2. Legs white with dark bands. Fore- and midfemora darkened on basal 2/3, each with sub-apical dark band. All tibiae each with 3 dark bands; sub-basal and median bands in foretibia located 0.76–0.80, 0.79 (9) and 0.38–0.41, 0.40 (9), respectively, from apex.</p><p>Head. Temporals 25–31, 27. AR 1.5–1.7, 1.6. Clypeus trapezoid with 23–35, 28 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 37–44, 41 (9); 74–84, 79 (9); 103–123, 114 (9); 76–91, 86 (9); 172–207, 189 (9). Pm 4 0.73–0.79, 0.75 (9) times as long as Pm 3; Pm 5 2.0–2.4, 2.2 (9) times as long as Pm 4.</p><p>Thorax. Antepronotum laterally with 7–13, 10 (8) setae. Acrostichals 46–57, 51 (9), biserial, diverging posteriorly; dorsocentrals 14–20, 18, uniserial; humerals 11–16, 14; prealars 12–21, 18; supraalars 1. Scutellum with transverse row of 9–14, 12 (8) long posterior setae and group of 20–29, 24 (6) short anterior setae.</p><p>Wing. Length 1.6–1.8, 1.7 mm. Squama with 25–37, 28 setae. VR 0.83–0.88, 0.85.</p><p>Legs. Ti I spur 48–52, 50 (8) µm long with 6–8, 7 (6) lateral teeth. Ti II spurs 50–60, 55 and 25–30, 27 µm long, with 6–8, 6 (8) and 3–5, 4 (8) lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur 1.8–2.2, 2.1 times as long as outer spur. Ti III spurs 57–64, 58 and 25–31, 27 µm long, with 4–5, 4 (5) and 3–5, 4 (9) lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur 2.0–2.4, 2.2 times as long as outer spur. Ti III comb consisting of 5–6, 5 bristles. Sub-apical pseudospurs present on ta 1–3 of all legs. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 3B). T IX with 1–3, 1 seta on each side. Gonocoxite 150–163, 156 µm long, with weak basolateral bulge. Aedeagal complex (Fig. 3C) with dorsal lobe 28–33, 31 µm long, 0.46–0.53, 0.51 times as long as blade, bearing apical brush; blade 60–63, 61 µm long, sinuate, tapering toward rounded apex; lateral lobe well developed, 49–53, 51 µm long, 0.78–0.88, 0.83 times as long as blade; lateral filaments not evident in dorsal view. Gonostylus 145–155, 150 µm long, 0.92–0.99, 0.96 times as long as gonocoxite, with sub-terminal seta expanded apically.</p><p>Larva. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The male resembles that of A. (A.) monilis (Linnaeus) in the aedeagal complex with a dorsal lobe bearing an apical brush, a sinuate blade tapering toward a rounded apex and a well-developed lateral lobe, but differs from it in the wing with two dark spots along the costal margin and the aedeagal blade with no basal projection. In A. (A.) monilis, the wing possesses three spots at the apices of R 1, R 3 and R 4+5, and the aedeagal blade has a basal pointed projection (Fittkau 1962, fig. 397; Roback 1971, figs 573–575; Niitsuma 2013, fig. 3).</p><p>In the redescription of A. (A.) monilis by Niitsuma (2013), the lateral lobe (LL) was mistaken for the lateral filaments (LF). What he has indicated as LF in his fig. 3 is the lateral lobe with filaments on the membranous base, and the lobe merges with the lateral filaments that are more lateral and continue further by merging with shorter filaments on the ventral side of the basidorsal lobe (B. Bilyj, pers. comm.). The structure is better defined in the lateral view. The males of A. (A.) alba and A. (A.) monilis may be separable from each other by the lateral lobe in the dorsal view, too, which was overlooked in the original description of the former species (N. Hazra, pers. comm.). The relative length to the aedeagal blade is 0.78–0.88 in A. (A.) alba, and more than 1.0 in A. (A.) monilis (see Niitsuma 2013, fig. 3).</p><p>The distribution of A. (A.) alba extends from West Bengal State in India to Guangdong Province in China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFA8FFA5FF50F91CFAA0D2A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFAAFFABFF50F9F5FB7AD0E4.text	03B05940FFAAFFABFF50F9F5FB7AD0E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) maculitibialis Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) maculitibialis Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi</p><p>(Figure 4)</p><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) maculitibialis Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi, 1983: 907 .</p><p>Material examined. 1 male, CHINA: Macau Special Administrative Region, Co-Tai, wetland near Taipa Houses Museum, 20.vii.2014 ; 1 male, Macau Special Administrative Region, Coloane Island, Hac-Sa <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.57053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.125233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.57053/lat 22.125233)">Reservoir</a>, 22°07.514'N, 113°34.232'E, 100 m alt., 10.xi.2014 ; 1 male, Hainan Province, Tunchang County, Nanlyu Town, Zhenghong Reservoir, 7.ii.2015 .</p><p>Description. Male (n=3). Total length 3.1–3.2, 3.2 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Thorax brown with darker scutal vittae, anepisternum II, preepisternum, scutellum and postnotum. Abdomen mainly brown; T I–V each with dark anterior transverse and lateral longitudinal bands; T VI–VIII entirely dark brown; hypopygium with dark brown gonocoxite. Wing costa (Fig. 4A) with 3 dark spots at apices of radial branches. Fore- and midfemora white, slightly darkened on basal 2/3, each with sub-apical dark band. All tibiae (Fig. 4B) white, each with 4 dark bands. Relative positions of sub-basal, basal-median and apical-median bands on foretibia: 0.90; 0.73–0.76, 0.75; 0.39–0.42, 0.41, from apex; midtibia: 0.87–0.90, 0.89; 0.71–0.73, 0.73; 0.40–0.44, 0.42; hind tibia: 0.90–0.91, 0.91; 0.72–0.73, 0.72; 0.42–0.46, 0.44.</p><p>Head. Temporals 23–26, 24. AR 1.8–2.0 (2). Clypeus with 29–40, 33 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 50 (1), 103 (1), 135 (1), 125 (1), 278 (1).</p><p>Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 11–15, 13; acrostichals more than 50; dorsocentrals 23–31, 28; humerals 18–33, 26; prealars 17–22, 19; supraalars 1; scutellars 37–52 (2).</p><p>Wing. Length 1.9–2.2, 2.0 mm. Squama with 35–37 (2) setae. VR 0.82–0.89, 0.85.</p><p>Legs. Ti I spur 49–53, 51 µm long with 6–8 (2) lateral teeth. Ti II spurs 59–64, 62 and 28–34, 32 µm long, with 4–7 (2) and 4–6 (2) lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.7–2.3, 2.0. Ti III spurs 47–66, 59 and 32–52, 40 µm long, with 4–5 (2) and 3–4, 4 lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.3–1.7, 1.5. Ti III comb consisting of 4–5, 5 bristles. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 4C). T IX with 2 setae on each side. Gonocoxite 168–187, 177 µm long, with weak basolateral bulge. Aedeagal complex (Fig. 4D) with dorsal lobe 30–37, 35 µm long, stout, bearing smooth apex; blade 48–52, 50 µm long, curved dorsally, tapering toward pointed apex; lateral lobe 81–94, 87 µm long, 1.7–1.8, 1.8, times as long as blade, bearing apicolateral teeth; lateral filaments not evident. Gonostylus 170–175, 172 µm long, almost as long as gonocoxite.</p><p>Pupa and larva. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Although the tibia is three-banded in most species of the subgenus Ablabesmyia, four-banded tibiae occur in Australian A. (A.) notabils (Skuse), African A. (A.) rufa (Kieffer), A. (A.) appendiculata (Kieffer) and A. (A.) dusoleili Goetghebuer, and Indian A. (A.) ornatipes (Kieffer) as well as A. (A.) maculitibialis . Further, Brazilian A. ducke Neubern, A. fazzari Neubern, A. gessnerae Neubern and A. pinhoi Neubern also possess fourbanded tibiae, wings with separate dark spots and an apically expanded sub-terminal seta on the male gonostylus. As explained previously, however, these Brazilian species were not given any subgeneric status in the original descriptions (Oliveira et al. 2013).</p><p>For comparison, major characters of these ten species are summarized in Table 3, according to Freeman (1961) and Roback (1982a, b) for A. (A.) notabilis, Freeman (1955) for A. (A.) rufa, Freeman (1955) and Harrison (1978) for A. (A.) appendiculata and A. (A.) dusoleili, and Kieffer (1910) for A. (A.) ornatipes which is known about only the female, and Oliveira et al. (2013) for A. ducke, A. fazzari, A. gessnerae and A. pinhoi .</p><p>The male of A. (A.) maculitibialis is characterized by the forefemur darkened on the basal two thirds and subapex, the four-banded tibia, the wing with three dark spots at apices of R 1, R 3 and R 4+5, and the aedeagal complex with a bare dorsal lobe, a slender blade tapering toward a pointed apex and a very long lateral lobe with apicolateral teeth. In the original description, Chaudhuri et al. (1983: 907) miscalculated the male antennal ratio, and it is 2.0, not 1.1, based on the relative lengths of flagellomeres.</p><p>Notes: The aedeagal complex of A. (A.) rufa is not described. The male of A. (A.) ornatipes is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFAAFFABFF50F9F5FB7AD0E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFA5FFAAFF50FF5AFF2DD0B5.text	03B05940FFA5FFAAFF50FF5AFF2DD0B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) Niitsuma & Tang 2019	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) lyrata sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 5)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Hainan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.19967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.112534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.19967/lat 19.112534)">Bawangling National Nature Conservation Reserve</a>, 19°06.752'N, 109°11.980'E, 593 m alt., 30.iv.2012 . Paratypes: 1 male, Fujian Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.94138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.330633" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.94138/lat 25.330633)">Meihuashan National Nature Conservation Reserve</a>, 25°19.838'N, 116°56.483'E, 455 m alt., 16.xi.2012 ; 1 male, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.967834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.3553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.967834/lat 23.3553)">Lan Stream</a>, 23°21.318′N 113°58.070′E, 20.ii.2017 ; 1 male, as previous except 10.xii.2017; 1 pupa (pharate male), as previous except 18.i.2018; 1 male, Hainan Province, Quiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, Limushant National Nature Conservation Reserve, brook in Mt. Limu, 15.iv.2016 ; 2 males with 1 pupal exuviae, 1 pupa (pharate male), Hainan Province, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Bawangling National Nature Conservation Reserve, brook near Bawangling Field Station, 17.vi.2016 .</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin lyratus, referring to the lyrate shape of the aedeagal lateral lobe in the male adult.</p><p>Description. Male (n=7). Total length 2.6–3.0, 2.9 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Thorax light brown, with darker scutal vittae, anepisternum II, preepisternum and postnotum. Abdomen pale yellow with T VI–VIII slightly darkened posteriorly. Wing (Fig. 5A) with 3 dark spots at apices of R 1, R 3 and R 4+5. Legs white with dark bands; foretibia with sub-basal and median bands located 0.78–0.80, 0.79 and 0.37–0.41, 0.39, respectively, from apex.</p><p>Head. Temporals 22–39, 31. AR 1.2–1.6, 1.4 (6). Clypeus with 40–48, 43 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 44–49, 47; 103–118, 110; 111–126, 118; 98–106, 101; 200–253, 221. Pm 4 /Pm 3 0.80–0.89, 0.85; Pm 5 /Pm 4 2.0– 2.4, 2.2.</p><p>Thorax. Antepronotum with 5–14, 9 lateral setae. Acrostichals 44–67, 53 (6); dorsocentrals 20–29, 24; humerals 8–15, 11; prealars 15–27, 21; supraalars 1. Scutellum with 30–42, 35 setae.</p><p>Wing. Length 1.7–2.2, 2.0 (6) mm. Squama with 33–41, 37 (5) setae. VR 0.82–0.86, 0.85.</p><p>Legs. Ti I spur 42–49, 46 (6) µm long with 6–8, 7 (6) lateral teeth. Ti II spurs 51–62, 57 (6) and 21–31, 26 (6) µm long with 5–9, 6 (6) and 4–5, 5 (6) lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.8–2.5, 2.3 (6). Ti III spurs 54–60, 58 (6) and 23–28, 25 (6) µm long with 4–5, 5 (6) and 2–3, 3 (5) lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 2.2–2.6, 2.3 (6). Ti III comb consisting of 5–7, 6 bristles. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 4.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 5B). T IX with 1–3, 1 seta on each side. Gonocoxite 150–160, 153 µm long, conspicuously swollen basolaterally. Aedeagal complex (Figs 5C, D) with dorsal lobe 26–35, 31 µm long, usually bent midway, bearing apical brush; blade 42–53, 48 µm long, curved dorsally, tapering toward pointed apex; lateral lobe 25–37, 31 µm long, broad and lyrate in normal position; lateral filaments present. Gonostylus 140–153, 146 µm long, 0.93– 1.0, 0.96 times as long as gonocoxite.</p><p>Pupa (n=3). Body length 3.7–4.0, 3.9 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Exuviae pale brown, with distinct color pattern. Wing sheath pale brown, without any marking except infuscated margin. A.T II–VI (Fig. 5E) slightly darkened laterally, anteromedially with crescent-shaped or rounded dark macula.</p><p>Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn bulbous, 303–313, 307 µm long, 2.6 (1) times as long as broadest width, with membranous apical nipple covering aeropyle tube club-shaped apically. Thoracic comb with 9–11, 10 apically round teeth.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 5F). Tergal shagreen (Fig. 5G) consisting of slightly arched transverse rows of blunt or pointed scales. Posterolateral projections present on A VIII. LS 1 -seta on A VII located 0.45–0.50, 0.47 from anterior margin, and on A VIII located 0.22–0.26, 0.24. Anal lobe 343–354, 350 µm long, 2.8–2.9, 2.8 times as long as wide, with anterior and posterior macrosetae located 0.50–0.54, 0.52 and 0.62–0.66, 0.64, respectively, from anterior margin; sparse spinules present along its outer margin. Male genital sac 0.78–0.80, 0.79 as long as anal lobe.</p><p>Female and larva. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The male is similar to that of A. (A.) amamisimplex Sasa in the digitate lateral lobe and the aedeagal blade tapering toward pointed apex, but differs in the lateral lobe with a comb-like apex, the gonocoxite with a stronger basolateral bulge, and the wing with three dark spots along the costal margin; whereas, in A. (A.) amamisimplex, the lateral lobe has a palmate apex, the gonocoxite possesses a weak basolateral bulge, and the wing has two spots along the costal margin (Niitsuma 2013). The pupa is also distinct from that of A. (A.) amamisimplex in the posterolateral projection of the abdominal segment VIII, which is unique among the known Ablabesmyia pupae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFA5FFAAFF50FF5AFF2DD0B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFA7FFAEFF50FDD4FBA1D5C5.text	03B05940FFA7FFAEFF50FDD4FBA1D5C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) Niitsuma & Tang 2019	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) pectinata sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 6)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male with pupal exuviae, CHINA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.57053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.125233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.57053/lat 22.125233)">Macau Special Administrative Region</a>, Coloane Island, Hac-Sa Reservoir, 22°07.514'N, 113°34.232'E, 100 m alt., 1.xii.2014 (emerged 24.xii.2014) . Paratypes: 2 pupal exuviae, as holotype except mass rearing (adults emerged, lost 8.xii.2014); 1 male, as holotype except mass rearing (emerged 20.i.2015); 1 pupal exuviae, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Conghua District, Lyutian Town, brook in Mt. Guifeng, 28.vi.2014; 1 male , Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Nan’ao County, Tsing’ao Reservoir, 26.viii.2016; 1 male , Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise City, Chengbi River, 26.vii.2015 .</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin pectinatus, comb-like, referring to the aedeagal lateral lobe with an apical row of teeth. Description. Male (n=4). Total length 2.6–3.1, 2.9 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Thorax brownish including scutal vittae, darker on anepisternum II, preepisternum and postnotum. Abdomen brown; T II–V each with dark anterior transverse band; T VI–VIII entirely darkened; hypopygium darkened on basolateral bulge of gonocoxite. Wing (Fig. 6A) with 2 dark spots at apices of R 1 and R 4+5. Legs white with dark bands; foretibia with sub-basal and median bands located 0.77–0.82, 0.79 and 0.34–0.38, 0.37, respectively, from apex.</p><p>Head. Temporals 25–35, 30. AR 1.6 (3). Clypeus with 39–46, 43 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 35– 49, 46; 89–101, 97; 108–138, 127; 101–128, 116; 209–295, 258 (3). Pm 4 /Pm 3 0.89–0.93, 0.92; Pm 5 /Pm 4 2.1–2.4, 2.3 (3).</p><p>Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 12–15, 13; acrostichals 63–92 (2); dorsocentrals 24–30, 27; humerals 14–22, 19; prealars 15–23, 19; supraalars 1 (3); scutellars 37–39, 38.</p><p>Wing. Length 1.7–2.0, 1.9 mm. Squama with 31–36, 34 (3) setae. VR 0.84–0.88, 0.86.</p><p>Legs. Ti I spur 40–45, 43 µm long, with 7–9, 8 lateral teeth. Ti II spurs 50–60, 55 and 28–33, 31 µm long, with 6–8, 7 and 5–7, 6 lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.6–2.2, 1.8. Ti III spurs 60–71, 65 and 28–35, 32 µm long, with 4–6, 5 (3) and 3–4, 4 (3) lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.9–2.3, 2.0. Ti III comb consisting of 4–6, 5 bristles. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 5.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 6B). T IX with 2–4, 3 setae on each side. Gonocoxite 125–165, 153 µm long, with strong basolateral bulge. Aedeagal complex (Fig. 6C) with dorsal lobe 31–38, 33 µm long, bare, beak-shaped in dorsal view; blade 38–44, 42 µm long, gently curved dorsally, tapering toward pointed apex; lateral lobe 70–78, 74 µm long, 1.7–2.0, 1.8 times as long as blade, apically membranous with teeth; lateral filaments not evident. Gonostylus 134–175, 162 µm long, and almost as long as gonocoxite.</p><p>Pupa (n=4). Body length 3.5–4.6, 4.0 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Exuviae pale brown. Wing sheath infuscated along margin and veins ending before margin. Abdomen uniformly brown, occasionally T II–VIII (Fig. 4D) with slightly darkened anteromedial patch.</p><p>Cephalothorax. Thoracic horn (Fig. 6E) bulbous, 294–353, 323 (3) µm long and 2.1–2.6, 2.3 (3) times as long as broadest width; apical nipple (Fig. 6F) evident, with aeropyle tube club-shaped apically. Thoracic comb with 9– 12, 11 teeth.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 6G). Tergal shagreen (Fig. 6H) sparse, consisting of solitary spinules 2–3 µm long; several anterolateral spinules tending to arrange in slightly arched rows. LS 1 -seta on A VII located 0.45–0.49, 0.47 from anterior margin, and on A VIII located 0.24–0.29, 0 27. Anal lobe 304–400, 366 µm long, 2.1–2.6, 2.4 times as long as wide, with anterior and posterior macrosetae located 0.46–0.55, 0.52 and 0.56–0.64, 0.61, respectively, from anterior margin; outer margin spinulate. Male genital sac 0.79 (1) times as long as anal lobe.</p><p>Female and larva. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The male is similar to that of A. (A.) janta (Roback) in possessing a slightly curved aedeagal blade with a pointed apex and the elongated lateral lobe with apical teeth, but distinct in the beak-shaped dorsal lobe and the much longer lateral lobe, which is twice as long as the aedeagal blade. In A. (A.) janta, the dorsal lobe is straight in dorsal view and the lateral lobe is at most 1.5 times as long as the blade (Roback 1971, 1985). The pupa is also separable from that of A. (A.) janta by the abdominal pigmentation pattern, which is entirely brown, occasionally darker anteromedially. In A. (A.) janta, the abdominal tergite IV has a pair of dark vertical bands (Roback 1985, fig. 228). In addition, the pupa of this new species is armed with sparse shagreenation consisting of solitary spinules on the abdominal tergites. The typical pupa of Ablabesmyia s. str., has tergal shagreenation composed of arched rows of 2–3 scales (Roback 1985, Fittkau &amp; Murray 1986). In the pupal shagreen, A. (A.) pectinata sp. n. resembles A. (A.) rimae Harrison, too. Although the pupal description of the latter is incomplete, both the species are easily separated using the adult male hypopygium, specifically the aedeagal complex. The male of A. (A.) pectinata sp. n. possesses a beak-shaped dorsal lobe and a long lateral lobe with apical teeth, while that of A. (A.) rimae has a dorsal lobe with two apical projections and lacks a distinct lateral lobe (Harrison 1991).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFA7FFAEFF50FDD4FBA1D5C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFA1FFACFF50FBF5FD42D65E.text	03B05940FFA1FFACFF50FBF5FD42D65E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) Niitsuma & Tang 2019	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) huananensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 7)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Hainan Province, Wanning City, Xinglong Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.19611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.728466" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.19611/lat 18.728466)">Hekou</a> bridge, 18°43.708'N, 110°11.767'E, 23 m alt., 26.iv.2012 . Paratypes: 1 male, Hainan Province, Ledong County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.23977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.76785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.23977/lat 18.76785)">Jianfengling Nature Conservation Reserve</a>, 18°46.071'N, 109°14.386'E, 150 m alt., 29.iv.2012 ; 2 males, Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang City, Huguangyan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.27772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.152283" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.27772/lat 21.152283)">Maar Lake</a>, 21°09.137'N, 110°16.663'E, 123 m alt., 9.vii.2013 .</p><p>Etymology. From the Pinyin hua-nan, meaning southern China, where is the type locality.</p><p>Description. Male (n=4). Total length 1.9–2.2, 2.1 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Thorax yellow with scutal vittae, anepisternum II, preepisternum and postnotum dark brown. Abdomen pale yellow; T I–V each with anterior transverse brown band; T VI–VII and gonocoxite of hypopygium entirely dark brown; T VIII–IX slightly brown. Wing (Fig. 7A) with 2 dark spots at apices of R 1 and R 4+5. Legs white with dark bands; sub-basal and median bands in foretibia located 0.76–0.80, 0.78 and 0.39–0.42, 0.40, respectively, from apex.</p><p>Head. Temporals 19–21, 20. AR 1.2–1.3, 1.2. Clypeus with 22–27, 25 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 28–33, 30 (3); 60–68, 63 (3); 75–85, 81 (3); 75–80, 78 (3); 158–183, 172 (3). Pm 4 /Pm 3 0.94–1.0, 0.97 (3); Pm 5 /Pm 4 2.1–2.3, 2.2 (3).</p><p>Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 1 (3); acrostichals 40–50, 46 (3); dorsocentrals 14–20, 17; humerals 8–13, 10; prealars 9–11, 11; supraalars 1; scutellars 40–52, 44.</p><p>Wing. Length 1.3–1.5, 1.4 mm. Squama with 20–25 (2) setae. Costal vein ending at M 3+4. VR 0.83–0.87, 0.85.</p><p>Legs. All tibiae each with single spur. Ti I spur 27–32, 29 µm long with 3–5, 4 (3) lateral teeth; Ti II spur 33–39, 36 µm long with 3–4, 3 (3) lateral teeth; Ti III spur 38–44, 42 µm long with 3–4, 3 (3) lateral teeth. Ti III comb incomplete, consisting of 3 bristles. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 6.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 7B). T IX without lateral setae. Gonocoxite 104–114, 109 µm long with strong basolateral bulge. Aedeagal complex (Fig. 7C) with dorsal lobe 38–41, 40 µm long, 0.88–0.89, 0.89 times as long as blade, elongated, almost parallel-sided, bearing apicolateral projection; blade 42–46, 44 µm long, slender, sinuate,</p><p>A single tibial spur occurs in mid- and hind legs of Australasian A. (A.) hilli Freeman and Afrotropical A. (A.) rimae Harrison (see Roback 1982b for A. (A.) hilli, Harrison 1991 for A. (A.) rimae). However, the male of A. (A.) huananensis sp. n. is separable from those of the two species by the aedeagal dorsal lobe, which is 0.88–0.89 times as long as the blade and has an apicolateral projection. In A. (A.) hilli and A. (A.) rimae, the dorsal lobe is smaller, at most half as long as the aedeagal blade, according to Roback (1982b) and Harrison (1991), respectively. In addition, the dorsal lobe is triangular in A. (A.) hilli and bears two pointed projections apically in A. (A.) rimae .</p><p>Within Ablabesmyia s. str., A. (A.) rimae and A. (A.) huananensis sp. n. are exceptions in having the wing with a costal vein ending above the tip of M 3+4 (see Harrison 1991, fig. 34 for the former), which resembles that of A. (Sartaia) metica Roback, 1983 (q.v.). In all other species of the subgenus, the costal vein ends closer to the tip of M 1+2 (Roback 1971, Murray &amp; Fittkau 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFA1FFACFF50FBF5FD42D65E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFA3FFB3FF50FD19FB4BD65D.text	03B05940FFA3FFB3FF50FD19FB4BD65D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) Niitsuma & Tang 2019	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) praegracilis sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 8)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Nan’ao County, Tsing’ao Reservoir, 19.ix.2015.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin prae-, very, and gracilis, slender, referring to the thin dorsal lobe in the aedeagal complex.</p><p>Description. Male (n=1). Total length 2.5 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Thorax dark brown with yellowish pleural membrane; scutal vittae indistinct. Abdomen mostly white; T I, VI and VII entirely brown; T II–V, VIII and IX anteriorly brownish; gonocoxite of hypopygium anteriorly brown. Wing (Fig. 8A) with 2 dark spots at apices of R 1 and R 4+5. Legs white with dark bands; foretibia with sub-basal and median bands located 0.78 and 0.39, respectively, from apex.</p><p>Head. Temporals 23. AR 1.3. Clypeus with 27 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 30, 80, 100, 90, 185.</p><p>Thorax. Anterior portion broken off. Dorsocentrals 21; humerals 5; prealars 12; supraalars 1; scutellars 27.</p><p>Wing. Length from arculus to tip 1.2 mm. Squama torn off basally, with at least 16 setae. Costa ending at M 3+4. VR 0.88.</p><p>Legs. All tibiae each with single spur. Ti I spur 33 µm long, with 5 lateral teeth; Ti II spur 40 µm long, with 4 lateral teeth; Ti III spur 45 µm long, with 3 lateral teeth. Ti III comb indistinct. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 7.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 8B). T IX without lateral setae. Gonocoxite 125 µm long, with weak basolateral bulge. Aedeagal complex (Fig. 8C) with dorsal lobe 43 µm long, 0.83 times as long as blade, thin, bearing apical spiculae; blade 52 µm long, slender, curved dorsally, tapering toward pointed apex; lateral lobe 42 µm long, paddle-shaped, membranous with outer ridge; lateral filaments not evident. Gonostylus 110 µm long, 0.88 times as long as gonocoxite.</p><p>Female, pupa and larva. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The male of A. (A.) praegracilis sp. n. is similar to that of above-described A. (A.) huananensis sp. n. in the wing with two dark spots at the ends of R 1 and R 4+5 and the costal vein ending above the tip of M 3+4, the mid- and hind legs each with a single tibial spur, the slender aedeagal blade with a pointed apex, and the membranous aedeagal lateral lobe, but can be separated by the thin dorsal lobe with apical spiculae. There are also similarities with the males of A. (A.) hilli Freeman and A. (A.) rimae Harrison as discussed under A. (A.) huananensis sp. n. In the former two species, however, the dorsal lobe is shorter than half of the aedeagal blade and lacks apical spiculae (see Roback 1982b for A. (A.) hilli, Harrison 1991 for A. (A.) rimae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFA3FFB3FF50FD19FB4BD65D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFBCFFB1FF50F972FC80D6C9.text	03B05940FFBCFFB1FF50F972FC80D6C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) Niitsuma & Tang 2019	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) bifurca sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 9)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Conghua District, Lyutian Town, brook in Mt. Guifeng, 19.iv.2016 . Paratype: 1 male, as holotype except 28.ix.2015. Etymology. From the Latin bifurcus, bifurcate, referring to the form of the aedeagal blade in the male adult. Description. Male (n=2). Total length 3.6–3.8 mm. Coloration. Head brown; clypeus and palpomeres 1–3 dark brown, palpomeres 4–5 pale. Thorax dark brown, with pale pleural membrane. Abdomen mostly pale yellow; T I anteriorly brown; T VI–VIII entirely dark brown. Wing (Fig. 9A) with 2 dark spots at apices of R 1 and R 4+5; 2 middle spots present in cell m 1+2. Legs white with dark bands; sub-basal and median bands in foretibia located 0.73–0.76 and 0.39–0.43, respectively, from apex.</p><p>Head. Temporals 34–36. AR 1.7–1.8. Clypeus with 36–41 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 60–65, 113– 115, 185–188, 228–245, 345–378. Palpomere 4 relatively long; Pm 4 /Pm 3 1.2–1.3, Pm 5 /Pm 4 1.5.</p><p>Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 27–28; acrostichals 64–70; dorsocentrals 39–40; humerals 19–20; prealars 34– 39; supraalars 1; scutellars 62–82.</p><p>Wing. Length from arculus to tip 1.8–2.0 mm. Squama with 35 (1) setae. VR 0.82–0.83.</p><p>Legs. Ti I spur 50–53 µm long, with 10–11 lateral teeth. Ti II spurs 63–65 and 48–50 µm long, with 8–10 and 7– 9 lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.3–1.4. Ti III spurs 70 and 50–53 µm long, with 8 (1) and 4–5 lateral teeth, respectively; inner spur/outer spur 1.3–1.4. Ti III comb consisting of 7 bristles. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 8.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 9B). T IX with 2 setae on each side. Gonocoxite 175–180 µm long with weak basolateral bulge. Aedeagal complex (Fig. 9C) with dorsal lobe small, 20–23 µm long, bearing brush on lateral side; blade 68– 73 µm long, slightly curved, bifid with main branch digitiform and second branch tapered; lateral lobe apparently absent; lateral filaments not evident. Gonostylus 188–190 µm long, almost as long as gonocoxite.</p><p>Female, pupa and larva. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The male has two dark spots along the costal margin of the wing. The aedeagal complex is characterized by the apparent absence of lateral lobe, the presence of a brush on the dorsal lobe, and the aedeagal blade armed with a projection near the middle, which is not a basal projection as in A. (A.) monilis (Linnaeus) (see Niitsuma 2013). The bifid aedeagal blade is unique for this genus.</p><p>Within the genus Ablabesmyia, A. (A.) bifurca sp. n. and A. (Karelia) kisanganiensis Lehmann are exceptions in the adult with a palpomere 4 being longer than a palpomere 3. In most other species, the palpomere 4 is shorter than the palpomere 3 (Roback 1971, Murray &amp; Fittkau 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFBCFFB1FF50F972FC80D6C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFBEFFB1FF50FD29FE3FD3D5.text	03B05940FFBEFFB1FF50FD29FE3FD3D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Karelia) Roback	<div><p>Subgenus Karelia Roback</p><p>Karelia Roback, 1971: 357, 1985: 169; Niitsuma 2013: 496. Type species: Tanypus illinoensis Malloch, by original designation.</p><p>In the subgeneric diagnosis for the adult, Roback (1985: 169) wrote, “LL of aedeagus absent”. However, the males of A. (Karelia) kisanganiensis, A. (Karelia) makarchenkoi Niitsuma, A. (Karelia) lata Niitsuma and A. (Karelia) perexilis Niitsuma possess distinct lateral lobes (see Lehmann 1981, Abb. 5 for the first species; Niitsuma 2013, figs 54, 66, 69 for the remaining species). The male of A. (Karelia) daiensis sp. n. described below has a compact group of filaments in the same position where the lateral lobe would be normally found next to the aedeagal blade, the group then merges with rows of lateral filaments that continue and reach the basidorsal lobe. Although it is difficult to indicate the boundary between the filament group and the lateral filaments, the filament group may be homologous to the lateral lobe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFBEFFB1FF50FD29FE3FD3D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
03B05940FFBEFFB7FF50FB17FC93D5EF.text	03B05940FFBEFFB7FF50FB17FC93D5EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ablabesmyia (Karelia) Niitsuma & Tang 2019	<div><p>Ablabesmyia (Karelia) daiensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figure 10)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City, Menglun Town, Mekong River, near Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, 29.viii.2014 . Paratypes: 2 males, Yunnan Province, Honghe Hayi and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Jinping County, Maandi Town, Ladeng Stream, 8.vi.2017 ; 1 male, as previous except 20.iv.2017; 1 male, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng, middle basin of Lan Stream, 2.xi.2017 .</p><p>Etymology. Derived from the type locality, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China.</p><p>Description. Male (n=5). Total length 3.0–3.4, 3.2 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Thorax yellow with scutal vittae, anepisternum II, preepisternum, scutellum and postnotum dark brown. Abdomen pale yellow, with T VI and VII entirely brown, T VIII anteriorly brown, and hypopygium with light brown gonocoxite. Wing (Fig. 10A) with 2 dark spots at apices of R 1 and R 4+5. Fore- and midfemora darkened on basal 2/3, each with sub-apical dark band. All tibiae white, each with 3 dark bands. Sub-basal and median bands located 0.81–0.84, 0.82 (3) and 0.35–0.38, 0.36 (3), respectively, from apex in foretibia; 0.79–0.83, 0.81 (3) and 0.36–0.40, 0.38, respectively, in midtibia; 0.77–0.81, 0.79 (3) and 0.40–0.41, 0.40 (3), respectively, in hind tibia.</p><p>Head. Temporals 28–40, 34. AR 1.6 (2). Clypeus with 24–37, 31 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 39– 44, 42 (4); 84–100, 95 (4); 98–123, 116 (4); 94–126, 114 (4); 165–246, 218 (4). Pm 4 /Pm 3 0.95–1.0, 0.98 (4); Pm 5 / Pm 4 1.8–2.0, 1.9 (4).</p><p>Thorax. Lateral antepronotals 12–21, 17; acrostichals 42–64, 53 (4); dorsocentrals 22–36, 29; humerals 14–20, 17; prealars 20–34, 26; supraalars 1; scutellars 32–57, 45.</p><p>Remarks. Among the known species of the subgenus Karelia, the male is most similar to that of the Afrotropical species A. (Karelia) kisanganiensis Lehmann as the fourth palpomere is relatively long (Pm 4 /Pm 3 0.95–1.0), and the aedeagal complex has an elongated dorsal lobe and a blade tapering toward the pointed apex. In describing A. (Karelia) kisanganiensis, however, Lehmann (1981: 10) wrote, “Dorsaler Lobus der Analhöhle gut entwickelt, sklerotisiert unt ohne Borsten; seine Spitze dorsalwärts gebogen. Blatt weitgehend gerade und apikal spitz zulaufend. Laterallobus deutlich, aber nicht sehr stark entwickelt. Lateralfilamente fehlen.” These disagree with the features of the aedeagal complex in the new species: the strongly tapered dorsal lobe with apical spiculae, the distinctly curved aedeagal blade and the well-developed lateral lobe merged with lateral filaments.</p><p>So far, only two species, A. (K.) paivai (Kieffer) and A. (K.) photophilus (Kieffer), have been known as the species of the subgenus Karelia from the Oriental region. The male of the former is smaller (total length 2 mm), and has entirely brown abdomen, according to Kieffer (1910). Unfortunately, the aedeagal complex is not described for this species. The latter is also distinct in the wing lacking the dark spot at the apex of R 4+5, the femora with three bands, and the aedeagal complex with a poorly developed dorsal lobe and an elongated lateral lobe (Chaudhuri et al. 1983).</p><p>This is the first record of the subgenus Karelia from China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05940FFBEFFB7FF50FB17FC93D5EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Niitsuma, Hiromi;Tang, Hongqu	Niitsuma, Hiromi, Tang, Hongqu (2019): Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4564 (1): 248-270, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.9
