identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B187F0FFF2FFF60B4DA320FB7BD49A.text	03B187F0FFF2FFF60B4DA320FB7BD49A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma breviscutatum Neumann 1899	<div><p>Amblyomma breviscutatum Neumann, 1899 = Amblyomma cyprium Neumann, 1899</p><p>One of the ticks of Micronesia with a relatively wide distribution is the swine tick, Amblyomma breviscutatum, reported from Palau, Guam, Northern Marianas Pohnpei, Kosrae, and the Marshalls. In has been found on pigs, cows, rats and humans (Prowazek 1913, Schulze 1935, Kohls 1957, Jackson 1962, Joyce 1971). This tick was confirmed in 2008 as still being present on Guam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF2FFF60B4DA320FB7BD49A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA449FE7AD032.text	03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA449FE7AD032.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma loculosum Neumann 1907	<div><p>Amblyomma loculosum Neumann, 1907</p><p>The southern ocean bird tick, Amblyomma loculosum, was not reported by Kohls (1957). It has a wide distribution in the Indian Ocean and was collected on the red-footed booby ( Sula sula), sooty tern ( Sterna fuscata) and humans on Helen’s Reef of Palau. In other parts of its range, this tick has been found on many seabird species which are also known throughout Micronesia (Hoogstraal et al. 1976).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA449FE7AD032	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA75BFCD9D6F7.text	03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA75BFCD9D6F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyomma squamosum Kohls 1953	<div><p>Amblyomma squamosum Kohls, 1953</p><p>When Kohls described the monitor lizard tick, Amblyomma squamosum, he considered it to be an endemic species found only on Guam and only on the mangrove monitor lizard ( Varanus indicus) (Kohls 1953). No information beyond the original description and repetition thereof was found (Durden &amp; Keirans 1996). Other lizards on Guam have suffered terrible decimation in recent years (United States Geological Survey 2005). If Amblyomma squamosum was actuality a parasite of more lizards than just the monitor, including one or more of the native and/or endemic lizards which early in the environmental upheaval of the last century were extirpated, this could possibly explain the lack of information about this tick (pers. comm. R. Robbins). Or it may be that it has escaped notice. Herpatologist Ronald Crombie (pers. comm.) observed ticks on monitor lizards and skinks of Guam and other Mariana Islands, as well as the Caroline Islands of Yap and Palau, but no identification was made of these parasites to know if these were the endemic Amblyomma squamosum or some other wider ranging monitor lizard tick or ticks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA75BFCD9D6F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA185FD0AD7C7.text	03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA185FD0AD7C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carios capensis (Neumann 1901)	<div><p>Carios capensis (Neumann, 1901) = Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, 1901</p><p>Kohls (1957) reports that in 1945, on Guam, one female of the seabird soft tick, Carios capensis . which was reared from a larva, and several other larvae of this wide-ranging soft tick were found from brown noddies ( Anous stolidus). This species is closely related to the following cosmopolitan Carios denmarki and differentiation is best done only in the larval state. However, in Amerson’s report of the Central Pacific, (1968), additional Micronesian hosts were identified, primarily seabirds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF3FFF70B4DA185FD0AD7C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF3FFF10B4DA0F6FD92D146.text	03B187F0FFF3FFF10B4DA0F6FD92D146.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carios denmarki (Kohls, Sonenshine & Clifford 1965)	<div><p>Carios denmarki (Kohls, Sonenshine &amp; Clifford, 1965) = Ornithodoros denmarki Kohls, Sonenshine &amp; Clifford, 1965</p><p>Despite of the difficulty in differentiating Carios denmarki and the above C. capensis, Amerson (1968) said that this tick has “been found to be associated with sea birds breeding on islands in the Central Pacific region” when discussing easternmost Micronesia. He distinguished between and reported both of these soft tick species from various seabirds. The most common host reported was the ground nesting sooty tern ( Sterna fuscata).</p><p>a</p><p>5 Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966</p><p>a</p><p>References: A = Amerson 1968; H = Hoogstraal et al. 1976; K = Kohls 1957; Sch = Schee 1904;</p><p>S1 = Saville 1996; S2 = Saville 1999; Sar? = Sarfert 1919—probably this species but not certain; X</p><p>= anecdotal report</p><p>b</p><p>Ornithodoros capensis in other reports</p><p>c</p><p>Ornithodoros denmarki or Ornithodoros capensis group in other reports</p><p>d</p><p>as Ixodes mindanensis Kohls, 1950</p><p>Initially Ixodes amersoni was known from only two islands in the Phoenix Islands group of Kiribati, and only from the white tern ( Gygis alba) and the red-footed booby ( Sula sula) (Amerson 1968, wikipedia.org). However, its endemicity was never certain. Even following the discovery of the type specimens of Ixodes amersoni in the Phoenix Islands in 1966 as part of the Smithsonian’s extensive ecological survey of the Central Pacific, Amerson (1968) remarked that he figured that “in time it probably will be found on other islands of the southern Central Pacific area as well.” In 2006, as part of the preparation of the Phoenix Island Conversation Area, “Extensive searches for the tick, Ixodes amersoni, were completed on other Phoenix Islands (besides Enderbury and Rawaki), but the tick was not found” (Uwate &amp; Teroroko 2007). However, this tick species has been found on the white-headed petrel ( Pterodroma lessoni) on Kermadec Island (Heath et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF3FFF10B4DA0F6FD92D146	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF5FFF10B4DA185FBE2D46C.text	03B187F0FFF5FFF10B4DA185FBE2D46C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann 1901	<div><p>Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901</p><p>The scrub tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, a livestock pest, has been found, on dogs in Kiribati (Saville 1999), and provisionally in Palau on cattle (Saville 1996). The latter record would seem certain as bovine theileriasis from Theilera orientalis (= buffeli) was also reported for Palau (Saville 1996). Although bovine theileriasis is not considered highly pathogenetic, this disease is only transmitted through infected ticks, and in the case of Palau, the likely vector being the scrub tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis . Elsewhere the scrub tick has been reported on a wide variety of mammals and some birds. It has implicated in various diseases in some areas, but even without any pathogen, a heavy infestation of this tick has been known to cause the death of its livestock host (Cane 2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF5FFF10B4DA185FBE2D46C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF5FFF10B4DA676FE3AD6F7.text	03B187F0FFF5FFF10B4DA676FE3AD6F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes eichhorni Nuttall 1916	<div><p>Ixodes eichhorni Nuttall, 1916 = Ixodes mindanensis Kohls, 1950</p><p>Another obscure tick, Ixodes eichhorni has been only documented a few times. The Micronesian record is from 1945, from a chicken on Peleliu, Palau was classified by Kohls as I. mindanensis, which previous to that find, had only been reported on an island thrush ( Turdus poliocephalus) in Mindanao, Philippines. Thereafter, it was determined to be a synonym of I. eichhorni (Petney &amp; Keirans 1994) . That species had been collected initially from a human in New Guinea and an unspecified kingfisher in the Admiralty Islands (Nuttall 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF5FFF10B4DA676FE3AD6F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF5FFF20B4DA369FD86D3CA.text	03B187F0FFF5FFF20B4DA369FD86D3CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucus 1846	<div><p>Ixodes ornithorhynchi Lucus, 1846</p><p>Kohls (1957) discounted the platypus tick, Ixodes ornithorhynchi, for Micronesia, and that seems correct. The 1899 report was from “Isle Marianne” (Rainbow 1906). If not referring to the Mariana Islands, but to the Australian island “Mary Anne,” it is still problematic because that island does not have the habitat for its host either. It would be interesting to re-examine the collected specimen to determine what actually was found. This tick is not included in the listing of Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF5FFF20B4DA369FD86D3CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF6FFF20B4DA4C2FD13D145.text	03B187F0FFF6FFF20B4DA4C2FD13D145.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini 1888)	<div><p>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888)</p><p>The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is a widespread vector of livestock disease. Kohls (1957) considered it an early introduction into Micronesia. In 2008, this tick was collected in vast numbers from Philippine deer ( Cervus mariannus) and in far lesser numbers from a pet carabao ( Bubalus bubalis), both on Guam. Some earlier reports on Micronesia tell of the presence of another cattle tick, Margaropus annulatus or Boophilus annulatus (now Rhipicephalus) (Barber 1916, Alicata 1948). Kohls (1957), however, discounted those accounts as misidentifications of the above species, and hence the latter tick is not included in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF6FFF20B4DA4C2FD13D145	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
03B187F0FFF6FFF30B4DA677FE6DD394.text	03B187F0FFF6FFF30B4DA677FE6DD394.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille 1806)	<div><p>Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)</p><p>The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus is probably the tick which the public in Micronesia is most familiar. Kohls (1957) reported it on dogs on Guam, Saipan and Kiribati. Previous to this, Schnee (1904) reported it from cattle in the Marshalls. It is known to be a pest of a wide array of animals. Over fifty years ago, Kohls (1957) considered this tick to be “nearly cosmopolitan.”</p><p>Unidentified species from sea krait ( Laticauda colubrina)</p><p>In their work on Palau, Crombie &amp; Pregill (1999) mention that the sea krait “ Laticauda must come ashore to lay eggs (unlike the live-bearing sea snakes) and they often spend enough time on land to accumulate ticks.” In personal communication with Crombie, he said that he had also found ticks associated with this species of sea snake when it hauled out on land but no identification of the ticks had been made. Although the ticks of sea snakes are poorly studied, other reports tell of Amblyomma (Aponomma) fimbriatum and Amblyomma nitidum, wide ranging ticks, known from this reptile (Rageau &amp; Vervent 1959, Hoogstraal 1982, Voltzit &amp; Keirans 2002, Easton 2003, Nadchatram 2006). None of the other species of ticks reported for Micronesia were found to be associated with sea snakes.</p><p>Through the compilation of previous studies, it was found that twenty-nine species of vertebrate hosts are known have been reported as having ticks in Micronesia. These are listed in Table 2.</p><p>As with insects, the natural dispersal of ticks is undoubtedly “quite fortuitous,” (Gressitt &amp; Yoshimoto 1963). Therefore, there is reason to suspect and speculate that the species listed in Table 1 are probably not the only ticks to be found in the area if a careful search were to be undertaken at this time. In extensive studies of Arno Atoll in the Marshall Islands, which documented many other ectoparasites of both animals and humans, no ticks were reported (Usinger &amp; La Rivers 1953). On a recent visit, however, residents there were quite familiar with ticks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F0FFF6FFF30B4DA677FE6DD394	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander;O., P.	Velde, Nancy Vander Velde And Brian Vander, O., P. (2013): Known and potential ticks and tick-borne pathogens of Micronesia. Micronesica 2013 (1): 1-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12117350
