identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BE87D2FFB1EE63FF286FDBFC4EFDD7.text	03BE87D2FFB1EE63FF286FDBFC4EFDD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Africorchestia	<div><p>Africorchestia gen. nov.</p><p>Description. Antenna 2 peduncular articles narrow; with many large robust setae. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 5- dentate. Maxilliped palp article 2 distomedial lobe well developed, article 4 reduced, button-shaped. Gnathopod 1 parachelate; posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae in male, posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each without lobe covered in palmate setae in female; palm transverse in male. Gnathopod 2 subchelate in male; mitten-shaped in female. Pereopods 2–4 coxae as wide as deep. Pereopods 3–7 cuspidate. Pereopods 6–7 longer than pereopods 3–5, with slender setae along posterior margin of dactyli. Pereopod 6 basis expanded in male. Pleonites 1–3 with dorsal sculpturing (spines or ridges) in males (absent in females where known). Pleopods all well developed. Pleopod 1 peduncle with marginal robust setae. Uropod 1 peduncle distolateral robust seta present; inner and outer rami with marginal robust setae. Uropod 2 not sexually dimorphic; inner and outer rami with marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus longer than peduncle or subequal in length to peduncle. Telson with marginal and apical robust setae, with 3 to 6 robust setae per lobe.</p><p>Type species. Orchestia spinifera Mateus, 1962, original designation.</p><p>Included species. Africorchestia includes 5 species: A. fischeri (H. Milne Edwards, 1830); A. quadrispinosa (K.H. Barnard, 1916); A. skoogi (Stebbing, 1922); A. spinifera (Mateus, 1962); A. tricornuta (Shoemaker, 1920) . Remarks. Africorchestia appears to be most similar to Americorchestia Bousfield, 1991 and Sardorchestia Ruffo in Tafani et al., 2004. Americorchestia and Africorchestia are similar in most characters including the male parachelate first gnathopods and the characteristic third uropods with the ramus longer than the peduncle. They differ in the pleosome which is sculptured in Africorchestia, in pereopod 6 which is sexually dimorphic in Africorchestia, and in the dactyli of pereopods 6 and 7 which have slender setae along the posterior margin in Africorchestia .</p><p>Africorchestia is also very similar to Sardorchestia . They differ significantly in the dactyli of pereopods 6 and 7 with setae along the posterior margin in Africorchestia (absent in Sardorchestia); in pereopod 6 which is sexually dimorphic in Africorchestia; and pleonites 1–3 rugose or with spines (absent in Sardorchestia).</p><p>Americorchestia and Sardorchestia are very similar. In Sardorchestia the male gnathopod 2 propodus has a large posteroproximal thumb and there are more robust setae on the telson, but this character appears to be continuous between these genera. Based on the morphology Americorchestia and Sardorchestia could be synonymised and the Mediterranean species Sardorchestia pelecaniformes (Bellan-Santini &amp; Ruffo, 1986) and Talorchestia ugolini Bellan-Santini &amp; Ruffo, 1991 would both fall into Americorchestia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87D2FFB1EE63FF286FDBFC4EFDD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lowry, James K.;Coleman, Charles Oliver	Lowry, James K., Coleman, Charles Oliver (2011): Africorchestia a new genus of sand-hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from western Africa and south-western Europe. Zootaxa 2825: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277263
03BE87D2FFB3EE63FF286AB8FE18F90E.text	03BE87D2FFB3EE63FF286AB8FE18F90E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Africorchestia fischeri (H. Milne Edwards 1830) H. Milne Edwards 1830	<div><p>Africorchestia fischeri (H. Milne Edwards, 1830)</p><p>Orchestia Fischeri H. Milne-Edwards, 1830: 361 . ―H. Milne-Edwards, 1840: 19, pl. 29, fig. 4. ― Della Valle, 1893: 497, pl. 57, fig. 56.</p><p>? Orchestoidea Fischerii. ― Bate, 1862: 11, pl. 2, fig. 1. ― Chevreux, 1911: 231 (in part). ―Stebbing, 1906: 528 (in part). ― Bulycheva, 1957: 135, pl. 50.</p><p>Not Orchestia fischeri . ―Guerin, 1831. ― Guerin, 1836. ― Lucas, 1846.</p><p>Types. None designated.</p><p>Type locality. None designated.</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on male. Gnathopod 2 propodus ovate, palm extremely acute, convex, extending about 70- 75% of posterior margin, without rounded protuberance near dactylar hinge, with large distal sinus, robust setae along margin unknown, with large mid-palmar protuberance, posteroproximal corner without spine; dactylus length unknown. Pereopods 6–7 longer than pereopods 3–5. Pereopod 6 much longer than pereopod 7; basis grossly enlarged, subovate. Pleonites 1-2 each with 2 dorsodistal spines. Pleonite 3 without dorsal spines. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length to peduncle. Telson with marginal and apical robust setae, with more than 10 robust setae.</p><p>Remarks. Based on the one habitus illustration of A. fischeri (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) the species has a unique pleonite dorsal spine formula, a unique large mid-palmar protuberance on the male gnathopod 2 palm and an enlarged oval-shaped basis on the male pereopod 6 not shared with any other species of Africorchestia . These characteristics indicate a very distinctive species, however the lack of type material, the lack of a type locality and the lack of morphological detail in the habitus illustration makes O. fischeri a puzzling species.</p><p>Distribution. Not known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87D2FFB3EE63FF286AB8FE18F90E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lowry, James K.;Coleman, Charles Oliver	Lowry, James K., Coleman, Charles Oliver (2011): Africorchestia a new genus of sand-hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from western Africa and south-western Europe. Zootaxa 2825: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277263
03BE87D2FFB3EE65FF286E5DFBB9FC84.text	03BE87D2FFB3EE65FF286E5DFBB9FC84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Africorchestia quadrispinosa (K. H. Barnard 1916) K.H. Barnard 1916	<div><p>Africorchestia quadrispinosa (K.H. Barnard, 1916)</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Orchestia Fischerii. ―Guérin, 1846: pl. 26, fig. 3, and 1843. Explication des Planches, p. 22. (non H. Edwards, 1830 and 1840.)</p><p>Orchestoidea Fischerii. ― Stebbing, 1910: 459 (in part).</p><p>Types. Syntypes, males and females, SAM 1256. 1283, A2514, A 2875 (largest male, 22 mm).</p><p>Type locality. Dassen Island (~ 33°25’S 18°05’E) and east and west coast of Cape Peninsula (~ 34°10’S 18°20’E), South Africa.</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on male. Gnathopod 2 propodus ovate, palm extremely acute, convex, extending about 75% of posterior margin, with rounded protuberance near dactylar hinge, with large distal sinus, with two rows of robust setae along entire margin, posteroproximal corner without spine; dactylus slightly longer than palm. Pereopods 6– 7 much longer than pereopods 3–5. Pereopod 6 much longer than pereopod 7; basis expanded posteriorly. Pleonites 1–2 each with pair of posterodistal spines. Pleonite 3 with paired vestigial posterodistal spines. Uropod 3 ramus longer than peduncle, 3.8 x as long as broad. Telson entire apically truncated with about 10 apical robust setae on each side.</p><p>Remarks. The geographic neighbors Africorchestia quadrispinosa and A. skoogi each have three dorsodistal spines on pleonite 1. They differ in the shape of male gnathopods 2 which is more ovate and does not have a posteroproximal spine on the propodus in A. quadrispinosa .</p><p>Distribution. Namibia. Walvis Bay, ~ 25°55’S 14°32’E (Schellenberg 1925); Lüderitz Bay, ~ 26°39’S 15°09’E (Schellenberg 1925; Penrith &amp; Kensley 1970); Shearwater Bay (Griffiths 1974); Skeleton Coast, 21°38’38”S 13°55’17”E and 26°44’09”S 15°05’40”E (Coleman &amp; Leistikow 2001); Orange River mouth, ~ 28°37’56.23”S 16°27’16.88”E (Griffiths 1974). South Africa. Cape Peninsula, (K.H. Barnard 1916).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87D2FFB3EE65FF286E5DFBB9FC84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lowry, James K.;Coleman, Charles Oliver	Lowry, James K., Coleman, Charles Oliver (2011): Africorchestia a new genus of sand-hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from western Africa and south-western Europe. Zootaxa 2825: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277263
03BE87D2FFB5EE65FF286AA0FF2BF96A.text	03BE87D2FFB5EE65FF286AA0FF2BF96A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Africorchestia skoogi (Stebbing 1922) Stebbing 1922	<div><p>Africorchestia skoogi (Stebbing, 1922)</p><p>(Fig. 3, 4)</p><p>Talorchestia skoogi Stebbing, 1922: 8, pl. 5. ― Griffiths, 1976: 32, fig. 12. ― Coleman &amp; Leistikow, 2001: 2, figs 1–6.</p><p>Types. Neotype, male, ZMB 27 315.</p><p>Type locality. Skeleton Coast Park, Namibia (17°27’05”S 11°44’35”E).</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on male. Gnathopod 2 propodus subrectangular, palm extremely acute, slightly convex, extending along entire posterior margin, with rounded protuberance near dactylar hinge, with small distal sinus, with single row of robust setae along entire margin, with large posteroproximal proximal spine; dactylus slightly longer than palm. Pereopods 6–7 much longer than pereopods 3–5. Pereopod 6 longer than pereopod 7; basis broadly expanded posteriorly. Pleonite 1 with 1 posterodistal ridge with lobe-like protrusions on both sides. Pleonite 2 with 2 ridges, anterior ridge continuous, posterior ridge with lobe-like extensions similar to pleonite 1. Pleonite 3 with 2 ridges, anterior similar to that of pleonite 2, posterior ridge with lobe-like protrusions or continuous in some specimens. Uropod 3 ramus longer than peduncle, 5.6 x as long as broad. Telson entire, apically truncated, with about 10 apical robust setae on each side.</p><p>Remarks. See remarks under A. quadrispinosa .</p><p>Distribution. Angola. Cabo Negro, 15°40.6’S 11°55.6’E (Griffiths 1976); Tombwe, 15°48.1’S 11°50.9’E (as Port Alexander, Stebbing 1922). Namibia. Skeleton Coast Park, 17°27’05”S 11°44’35”E (Coleman &amp; Leistikow 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87D2FFB5EE65FF286AA0FF2BF96A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lowry, James K.;Coleman, Charles Oliver	Lowry, James K., Coleman, Charles Oliver (2011): Africorchestia a new genus of sand-hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from western Africa and south-western Europe. Zootaxa 2825: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277263
03BE87D2FFB7EE6AFF286FBAFADBFD04.text	03BE87D2FFB7EE6AFF286FBAFADBFD04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Africorchestia spinifera (Mateus 1962) Mateus 1962	<div><p>Africorchestia spinifera (Mateus, 1962)</p><p>(Figs 5, 6)</p><p>? Orchestoidea fischeri . ― Chevreux, 1911: 231 (in part).</p><p>Orchestia spinifera Mateus, 1962: 10, figs 1–20. ― Marques &amp; Bellan-Santini, 1985: 332, 352, table 1. Talorchestia spinifera . ― Amanieu &amp; Salvat, 1963: 69, fig. ― El Kaim, 1963: 169. ― Amanieu &amp; Salvat, 1965: 59, figs 2–6. ― Marfin, 1983: 232, figs 2, 3. ― Menioui &amp; Bayed, 1986: 112.</p><p>Types. Holotype, male, 16 mm, IZAN 90. Paratypes: IZAN.</p><p>Type locality. Beaches of River Guadiana at Vila Real de Santo Antonio, Portugal (~ 37°10.9’N 7°24.2’W).</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on male. Gnathopod 2 propodus ovate, palm extremely acute, subsigmoidal, extending about 75% along posterior margin, without rounded protuberance near dactylar hinge, with shallow distal notch, with two rows of robust setae along entire margin, without proximal tooth; dactylus subequal in length to palm. Pereopods 6–7 much longer than pereopods 3–5. Pereopod 6 longer than pereopod 7; basis expanded posteriorly. Pleonite 1 with a pair of dorsodistal pointed spines. Pleonite 2 with 2 pairs of dorsal pointed spines. Pleonite 3 with 1 anterior pair of longer pointed spines and a pair of ridge-like posterodistal rounded protrusions. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length to peduncle, 3.3 x as long as broad. Telson entire apically notched with 11 apical robust setae on each side.</p><p>Remarks. Apparently A. fischeri and A. spinifera both have two dorsodistal spines on pleonite 1. They have very differently shaped male second gnathopods and in A. fischeri the basis of pereopod 6 is grossly enlarged and vertically ovate.</p><p>Distribution. France. Bay of Biscay: Isle aux Oiseaux, Arcachon, 44°42.1’N 1°10.5’W (El Kaim 1963); Arcachon, 44°39.6’N 1°8.6’W (Amanieu &amp; Salvat 1965). Morocco. Estuaries of Oued Ghrifa, Asilah, ~ 35°31’N 06°00’W (current study); Bou Regreg, 34°2.3’N 6°49.9’W (El Kaim 1963; Amanieu &amp; Salvat 1965; Meniou &amp; Bayed 1986); Agadir, Massa, Sidi Ifni, 29°23’N 10°10.5’W (Marfin 1983). Portugal. River Guadiana, 37°10.2’N 7°22.8’W (Mateus 1962). Spain. Cadiz, 36°31.8’N 6°18.4’W (Chevreux 1911; Amanieu &amp; Salvat 1983).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87D2FFB7EE6AFF286FBAFADBFD04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lowry, James K.;Coleman, Charles Oliver	Lowry, James K., Coleman, Charles Oliver (2011): Africorchestia a new genus of sand-hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from western Africa and south-western Europe. Zootaxa 2825: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277263
03BE87D2FFBAEE6AFF286A20FB8EF967.text	03BE87D2FFBAEE6AFF286A20FB8EF967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Africorchestia tricornuta (Shoemaker 1920) Shoemaker 1920	<div><p>Africorchestia tricornuta (Shoemaker, 1920)</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Talorchestia tricornuta Shoemaker, 1920: 374, figs 4–6. ― Schellenberg, 1939: 133, figs 21–28. ― Mateus &amp; Mateus, 1966: 183. ― Coleman &amp; Leistikow, 2001: 5, figs 12–17.</p><p>Types. Holotype, male, 11 mm, AMNH. Paratypes: female, 8 mm, AMNH; 48 specimens, AMNH.</p><p>Type locality. Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo (~ 6°1’S 12°24’E) and Soyo (as Santo Antonia), Angola (~ 6°7’60”S 12°22’E).</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on male. Gnathopod 2 propodus ovate, palm extremely acute, convex, extending along entire posterior margin, without distal sinus or protuberence, with one row of large robust setae halfway along margin, with palmar protuberance towards center, posteroproximal corner defined by 2 slightly curved spines; dactylus much longer than palm. Pereopods 6–7 much longer than pereopods 3–5. Pereopod 6 much longer than pereopod 7; basis enlarged, broadly expanded posteriorly. Pleonite 1 without dorsal spines. Pleonite 2 with pair of dorsodistal spines. Pleonite 3 with 1 recurved mid-dorsal spine. Uropod 3 ramus subequal in length to peduncle, 3.2 x as long as broad. Telson entire apically notched, with 5 lateral and apical robust setae on each side.</p><p>Remarks. Africorchestia tricornuta is the only species without dorsal spines on pleonite 1. It also has elaborate spines on the palm of gnathopod 2 not seen in other member of the genus. Mateus &amp; Mateus (1966) attributed one damaged male, 8 mm in length, from the island of Príncipe to A. tricornuta . This is far north of the known distribution of the species.</p><p>Distribution. Angola. Landana, Cabinda, ~ 5°13’S 12°08’25”E (Schellenberg, 1939; Coleman &amp; Leistikow 2001); Soyo, Bengo, ~ 6°8’S 12°22’E (as Santo Antonio, Shoemaker, 1920). Democratic Republic of the Congo. Banana, ~ 6°1’S 12°24’E (Shoemaker 1920); Banana, Muanda (Schellenberg 1939). Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Príncipe: Praia Pequena, ~ 1°38’N 7°27’E (Mateus &amp; Mateus, 1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87D2FFBAEE6AFF286A20FB8EF967	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lowry, James K.;Coleman, Charles Oliver	Lowry, James K., Coleman, Charles Oliver (2011): Africorchestia a new genus of sand-hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from western Africa and south-western Europe. Zootaxa 2825: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277263
