taxonID	type	description	language	source
281168602AE856AFA64F1BADF179C312.taxon	description	Description. The description of S. ayresii was provided by Marais (1978). The most indicative characters of this species are small (up to 25 - 28 mm long, but usually smaller) terete or semi-terete leaves and (sub) Sesuvium sessile flowers (see Marais 1978, Hartmann 2002). Additionally, Marais (1978) reported a smaller number of stamens (12 - 20) that have never been observed in S. portulacastrum (stamens more than 30). The smaller seed size (~ 1 mm) of S. ayresii compared with S. portulacastrum (Marais 1978) seems to be an insignificant diagnostic trait. Leaf shape and leaf size are very variable, sometimes within a given individual.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
281168602AE856AFA64F1BADF179C312.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (Fig. 14). MAURITIUS [main] Island: Gris Gris, [no date, before 1932], Vaughan 653 (MAU 0017795); Rocky coast near Riviere des Anguilles, 8 Dec 1962, Edgerley S. n. (MAU 0017801); Post Lafayette, east coast, 11 Jan 1973, Lorence 189 (K, MO 324309); estuary of Black River, 10 Sep 1981, L. Averyanov 446 (MHA); Mer Rouge, 13 Mar 2004, Pynee et al. s. n. (MAU 0012461); Cap Malheureux, 26 Apr 2004, Pynee S. n. (MAU 0017803); Albion, 10 Nov 2011, Pynee S. n. (MAU 0009004); Rivulet Terre Rouge Bird Sanctuary, 01 Sep 2017, Baider CB 2729 & V. Florens (MAU 0023815); Mauritius [islets] Island: Gunner's Quoin or Quoin de Mire, 1871, Horne 129 (K); 06 Aug 2007, Baider CB 677 & V. Florens (MAU 0023819); 07 Aug 2007, Baider CB 701 A & V. Florens (MAU 0023820); 07 Aug 2007, Baider CB 701 B & V. Florens (MAU 0023821); Ile de la Passe, 26 Oct 1888, Johnston s. n. (E 00651982); 29 Nov 2003, Baider CB 588 & V. Florens (MAU 0023826); Ile aux Fouquets, 4 Nov 1962, Rountree s. n. (MAU 0017798); Ilot Marianne, east coast, 13 May 1956, Vaughan s. n. (MAU 0017796); 18 Jan 1975, D. Lorence 1059 (K, MAU 0017800); 28 Nov 2007, Baider CB 551 & V. Florens (MAU 0023822); 31 Jul 2007, V. Florens s. n. (MAU 0023823); Ilot Sancho, south coast, 15 Aug 1974, D. Lorence 943 (K, MAU 0017799); Ile D'Ambre, 21 Dec 2003, Baider CB 783 A & V. Florens (MAU 0023827); 21 Dec 2003, Baider CB 783 B & V. Florens (MAU 0023828); Ilot Bernache, 21 Dec 2003, Baider CB 814 & V. Florens (MAU 0023829); Ilot Gabriel or Gabriel Islet, 20 Apr 2006, Pynee S. n. (MAU 0017804, MAU 0017805), 06 Aug 2007, Baider CB 1942, V. Florens & D. Hammond (MAU 0023825); Ile aux Fous, 01 Aug 2007, V. Florens & D. Hammond s. n. (MAU 0023824); Rodrigues [main] Island: Plaine Coral, Jul 1970, Cadet RO 218 / 2604 (MAU 0017807); 1874, Balfour s. n. (E 00651981, K); Rodrigues [islets] Island: Frigate Island, Jan 1963, Staub s. n. (MAU 0017806); Ile Gombrani, 10 Jan 2004, Baider CB 932 & V. Florens (MAU 0023817); Ile aux Crabes, 13 Jan 2004, Baider CB 1036 & V. Florens (MAU 0023818); Ile aux Cocos, 15 Jan 2004, V. Florens s. n. (MAU 0023816).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
281168602AE856AFA64F1BADF179C312.taxon	distribution	General distribution. Endemic to the Mascarenes.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
1F4AE08DA34F552BA1B006A1E03FC551.taxon	description	Description. The morphological description of the species is provided in Oliver (1871), Goncalves (1970) and Bohley et al. (2017). This species is sometimes confused with branched S. sesuvioides (especially when the upper parts of the branches are collected) with similar smooth seeds. In contrast to S. congense or related S. crithmoides, S. sesuvioides is glabrous, with turbinate or balustriform flowers (without a rounded perianth cup).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
1F4AE08DA34F552BA1B006A1E03FC551.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. ANGOLA: Benguela prov.: Lengue, 19 Dec 1932, Grossweiler 9715 (BM); 20 km W of Benguela, Baia Azul, 1 Apr 1973, P. Bamps & S. Martins 4372 (BR 0000013827366); 74 km S of Benguela along road to Cuio, 74 m alt., 25 Dec 2016, C. Klak 2557 (BOL); Namibe prov.: Maiombo river, Oct 1859, Welwitsch 2395 (BM); Mossamedes [Namibe], valley of Rio Mukungo, Aug 1937, H. Humbert 16407 (BM); Mossamedes [Namibe], Porto Alexandre, 26 May 1937, A. W. Exell & F. A. Mendonca 2294 (BM); Mossamedes [Namibe], Porto Alexandre, Aug 1937, H. Humbert 16375 (BM); ca. 22 km NE of Namibe, 18 Jan 2009, Winter 7683 (PRE); road to Baba from Lucira road, 23 Jan 2009, Winter 7779 (PRE); Namibe, 9.7 km S of airport turn-off, 23 Jan 2009, Winter 7762 & 7766 (PRE); 27 km E of Namibe, 252 m, 19 Dec 2016, C. Klak 2554 (BOL).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
1F4AE08DA34F552BA1B006A1E03FC551.taxon	distribution	General distribution (Fig. 9). Coastal sandy areas in Angola, from Bengo to Namibe provinces, recorded at altitudes between 74 and 252 m a. s. l. (Goncalves 1965).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
68192BDDA614543EAB33FCC13012F6DC.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. ANGOLA: Benguela prov.: Benguela, [without date] H. Vanderyst 13141 (BR 0000013827410); near Benguela, Lobito Bay, 1 Sep 1906, H. Bolus 12453 (BOL); S of Benguela, seashore at Cuio village, 25 Dec 2016, C. Klak 2558 (BOL); Cabinda prov: Landana, 9 Aug 1895, A. Dewevre 231 (BR 0000013827380), Landana, 15 Aug 1913, Bequaert 616 (BR 000000871151); Cabinda, Sumba village, 30 Nov 1957, Lebrun 11195 (BR 0000013827441; K); Cuanza Sul prov.: Praia de Sousa, 11 ° 36 ' S 13 ° 47 ' E, 3 Feb 1975, J. D. Ward 82 (K, WIND); Luanda prov.: Luanda, Welwitsch 2380 (LE), the same place, 13 Sep 1955, J. Lebrun 10905 (BR 0000013827403); Namibe prov.: Cabo Negro, Sep 1859, Welwitsch 2387 (BM); Cabo Negro, Aug 1937, H. Humbert 16391 (BM); the same place, 15 Apr 1973, P. Bamps et al. 4519 (BR 0000013827465); Mossamedes [Namibe city], 1937, L. W. Carrisso and F. Sousa 218 (BM); Mossamedes, 21 Sep 1955, J. Lebrun 10926 (BR 0000013827472); Baba, 23 Jan 2009, P. J. D. Winter 7786 (LUBA, PRE); seashore at mouth of Rio dos Flamingos, 17 Dec 2016, C. Klak 2551 (BOL); DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Kongo Central prov.: Banana, [without date] Gillet S. n. (BR 0000013827434); [Nature Reserve] Luki-Mayumbe, 1959, Flamigni 10773 (BR 0000013827427); REPUBLIC OF CONGO (new records): Kouilou, 5 Sep 1962, L. Makany 63 (P 04602222); Djeno Region [Pointe-Noire], 26 Jan 1966, C. Farron 4795 (P 04602197 & P 04602199); Pointe-Noire, Dec 1958, J. Koechlin 5528 (P 04602193).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
68192BDDA614543EAB33FCC13012F6DC.taxon	distribution	General distribution (Fig. 12). Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo. Sesuvium crithmoides has been introduced to USA (Georgia, Glynn county, Brunswick, on ballast, 15 Aug 1902, R. M. Harper 1524 (BM!); see also Small (1933)), probably as casual and not naturalised species (Ferren 2003). The specimen seen also has long and narrow leaves.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
892D3013896951E4B9E017DD18A28FE7.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. ANGOLA: Luanda, Praia do Bispo, Dec 1858, Welwitsch 2385 (BM); [Bengo prov.] Ambriz, [no date] Welwitsch 2383 (K); [Bengo prov.] Dande River, 17 Sep 1955, J. Lebrun 10908 (BR 0000013828103); Mossamedes [Namibe], 10 Jan 1956, E. J. Mendes 1250 (BM); [Namibe prov.] Cabo Negro, 15 Apr 1973, P. Bamps et al. 4522 (BR 0000013828097, K, LE); Kwanza Sul prov., 10 ° 51 ' S 13 ° 48 ' E, 2 Feb 1975, C. J. Ward and J. D. Ward 68 (K); BENIN: Cotonou beach, 22 Mar 1970, L. A. Assi 11134 (G); DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: [Kongo Central prov.] Banana, 16 Jul 1915, Bequaert 8014 (BR 0000013828165); Bula-Bemba, 2 Sep 1958, J. Wagemans 1982 (BR 0000013828172); GABON: Estuaire prov., 22 Feb 1985, A. M. Louis 1728 (BR 0000013828028); GHANA: Sekondi, 3 Oct 1925, H. Howes 980 (K); nr Tema harbor, 20 Sep 1960, J. O. Ankrah 20547 (K); Accra, 12 Aug 1958, J. Lebrun 11334 (BR 0000013828042); Greater Accra Region, Ambassador Beach, 26 Feb 1977, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg 11123 (BR 0000013828035); GUINEA: Conakry, Aug 1954, H. Jacques 7002 (LE); [Boke Region] Boffa pref., Bel-Air, 5 Feb 1979, S. Lisowski 51828 (BR 0000013827567); GLORIOSO ISLANDS: Iles aux Crabes (C. Fontaine, obs.; image seen!); KENYA: Kilifi distr., Malindi, 3 Dec 1961, R. Polhill and S. Paulo 895 (BR 0000013828059, K, P 04602215); Mikindani distr., Mtwara, 12 Mar 1963, H. M. Richards 17861 (K); Mombasa, 13 Dec 1969, Bally 13736 (G); Tana River distr., Tana delta, Shekiko Camp, 25 Apr 1990, S. A. Robertson 6121 (K); MADAGASCAR: [no exact location and date] herb. Petit-Thouars s. n. (P 04600013); MOROCCO: Skhirat, 10 Jun 1937, J. Gattefosse 138 (G, P 05196618); MOZAMBIQUE (selected specimens): Delagoa [Maputo] Bay, 1890, H. Junod 258 (G); Komati river, 15 Jul 1922, C. E. Moss 7040 (BM); Lorenco Marques, 31 Aug 1959, R. Watmaugh 313 (M); Maputo, 3 Jun 1970, M. F. Correla and A. Marques 1630 (E 00651988); Sofala province, Beira, 26 Feb 1972, M. F. Correla and A. Marques 2812 (M); Maputo, 8 Mar 1979, P. A. Schaefer 6707 (K); Inhambane prov., Massinga, Pomene, 20 Jun 1980, J. de Koning 8197 (WAG 1408388); Maganja da Costa, Praia Maraga, 15 Nov 1996, A. R. Torre and M. F. Correia 14693 (BR 0000013828134, M); [Massinga distr.] Pomene, 24 Sep 1980, P. C. M. Jansen 7521 (BR 0000013828110); SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: Sao Tome [Island], Apr 1916, A. Cortesao s. n. (BM); SENEGAL: [Oussouye Dept.] Basse Casamance National Park, Kabrousse, 22 Dec 1976, C. Van den Berghen 1582 (BR 0000013827519); [Cap Vert Peninsula] Lake Retba, 20 Dec 1984, D. Thoen 7367 (BR 0000013827526); SEYCHELLES: Aldabra Island, 26 Feb 1968, F. R. Fosberg 49547 (L 1693568); Aldabra, South Island, Grand Cavalier, 11 May 1972, D. Wood 1686 (E 00651983); Farquhar Group, Farquhar Island, 2 Feb 1972, Frazier 121 (K); Farquhar Group, St Pierre Island, 4 Oct 1941, P. O. Wiehe 1681 (MAU 0023813, MAU 0023814); SIERRA-LEONE: Samu chiefdom, 22 Mar 1930, R. R. Glanville 251 (BM, K); SOMALIA: Kodei village, 1 ° 1 ' S 41 ° 58 ' E, 29 Jun 1983, J. B. Gillett et al. 5116 (K); SPAIN: Canary Islands (selected specimens): Lanzarote, Playa Honda, 24 Mar 2011, F. Verloove 9276 (BR); La Laja beach, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 28 ° 03 ' 38.70 " N, 15 ° 25 ' 12.28 " W, 31 Jul 2017, M. Salas-Pascual s. n. (MW); Beach of El Aguila, San Bartolome de Tirajana, 27 ° 46 ° 38.80 " N, 15 ° 31 ' 38.50 " W, 31 Jul 2017, M. Salas-Pascual s. n. (MW); El Veril beach, San Bartolome de Tirajana, 27 ° 45 ' 36.78 " N, 15 ° 33 ' 50.77 " W, 31 Jul 2017, M. Salas-Pascual s. n. (BR, MW); Edge of the Charca de Maspalomas, San Bartolome de Tirajana, 27 ° 44 ' 24.96 " N, 15 ° 35 ' 43.79 " W, 31 Jul 2017, M. Salas-Pascual s. n. (MW); TANZANIA: Tanga, Tanga Bay, 4 Nov 1929, Greenway 1853 (K); Zanzibar, Marahubi Beach, 22 Apr 1961, H. Faulkner 2814 (BR 0000013828073); Dar es Salam, 26 Aug 1968, M. Batty 284 (K); TUNISIA: pers. comm. R. El Mokni (photo!).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
892D3013896951E4B9E017DD18A28FE7.taxon	distribution	General distribution. The subspecies seems to be widely distributed on the seashores of the tropics, but some populations from tropical America and SE Asia are distinct in their morphological characters. The distribution of Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. portulacastrum in Africa is presented in Fig. 14.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from the autonymous subspecies by the absence of rampant ramification, clearly petiolate leaves (petioles 5 - 10 mm long) that are usually less than three times as long as wide (all blades including those of upper leaves ovoid or oblong, 20 - 40 x 10 - 15 mm) and 3 - 9 mm thick.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371.taxon	description	Description. Sprawling glabrous perennial herb (the shoots are often partially buried by sand and appear to be separate plants) with ramification not rampant; stems rooted or not, roundish, greenish or more often red (Fig. 15 A, B), 3 - 5 mm in diameter, ascendent (not creeping); leaves opposite, petiolate; petioles 5 - 10 mm, reddish or green, broadened basally, leaf blades oblong, 20 - 40 mm long (the leaves on the shortened shoots are smaller), 10 - 15 mm wide, 3 - 9 mm thick, entire, green or reddish (Fig. 15 C); flowers solitary in the leaf axils (each node bears one flower from one of the opposite leaves), ~ 10 mm in diameter, with two hyaline glabrous bracteoles; pedicels 3 - 5 mm, accrescent at fruiting stage up to 10 (15 - 20) mm long; perianth bifid, apically acutish, green abaxially and pink adaxially (Fig. 15 D), without prominent red glands at the tip of the segments; stamens ~ 50, pink, slightly shorter than perianth, filaments 5 mm long, anthers 0.4 - 0.6 mm long; ovary turbinate, with (2) 3 - 4 stigmas; seeds ~ 20, black, roundish, ~ 1 mm across, completely covered with a funicular aril; seed surface smooth or slightly uneven.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The subspecies is named after Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1761 - 1836), botanist and mycologist, who described several Sesuvium species.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (Fig. 17). CAPE VERDE: Sao Nicolau Island, Praia Branca, 1851, C. Bolle s. n. (E 00651990); Sal Island, Santa Maria, 19 Oct 1934, M. Dinklage 3192 (BM, BR 0000013828158); Sal Island, 1934, A. Chevalier 44288 (P 04602231); Boa Vista Island, Santa Monica beach, 15.981955, - 22.831910, 10 Jan 2016, A. Sukhorukov s. n. (MW); GAMBIA: [Upper River Region] Keneba, Sep 1952, D. S. Bertram s. n. (K); GUINEA-BISSAU: Cacheu Region, S. Domingos sector, Candemba, 15 Apr 1997, M. A. Diniz & A. E. Goncalves 1777 (K); MAURITANIA: [Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region] Cape Arguin, Dalmas, 5 May 1895, herb. E. Drake 6 (P 04602228); Cansado, 1901, A. Gruvel s. n. (P 04602226); Port Etienne [Nouadhibou], 12 Apr 1908, anonym s. n. (P 04602227); SENEGAL: [without exact location] 1825, Sieber 19 (E 000651984; G 00660404; K; LE; M; P 05196607); [without exact location and year] Sieber 112 (LE); [without exact location] 1859, Perrotet 366 (G); St. Louis, 1902, A. Chevalier 3469 (P 04602206); Dakar, Hann beach, common, 23 May 1947, J. T. Baldwin 5754 (K); St. Louis, 23 Jul 1960, J. D. Kesby 20 (K); St. Louis, 14 Nov 1984, P. Bamps 7642 (BR 0000013827533); Poumekhor, saline depression, common, 2 Feb 1966, J. Audru 3200 (P 04602214); Joal-Fadiouth, 25 Jun 1973, P. Geissler 6538 (G).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
0EE61D8D83F4529DA2F5731C42048371.taxon	distribution	General distribution. The authors are still not sure whether this overlooked subspecies is native to West Africa. Plants with such habit are known from the seashores near Chennai, India (Anand Kumar, pers. comm., with an image sent to AS), but are not represented in any herbaria. One sheet from " Peninsula Indiae Orientalis " (herb. Wight 963, L 1693577) corresponds to the African specimens of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii (labelled as " S. portulacastrum var. ") in leaf shape. Reports of the occurrence and frequency of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii in West Africa until the early 20 th century are inconsistent. The first reference for West Africa originates from Forster (1789, sub S. portulacastrum) who cited it for Santiago Island (Cape Verde Archipelago). Schmidt (1852) thought that this record was doubtful, because this plant was not mentioned by other travellers. However, Hooker (1849) reported Sesuvium as a common plant on seashores of the adjacent Senegal. F. W. Sieber was the first to collect the specimens of S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii (collections from Senegal in early 19 th century, identified as S. pedunculatum). Other specimens, named as S. portulacastrum and collected in mid- 19 th century in Cape Verde (Sao Nicolau Island) and Senegal (without exact location), are stored in the herbaria E and G, respectively. Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii (under the names S. pedunculatum or S. portulacastrum) had not been reported amongst the most common plants in the checklists for West African plants until the early 20 th century (e. g. Engler 1910). Chevalier (1920) cited Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii (sub S. portulacastrum) for West Africa (Mauritania and Senegal), with subsequent records for Santiago and Sal Islands (Cape Verde), where it grows spontaneously on the seashores and in saline depressions (Chevalier 1935). M. Dinklage (collections from 1934, kept at BM!) noted the common and abundant Sesuvium populations on sandy beaches in Santa Maria village (Sal Island, Cape Verde). Recently, S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii has been reported for several islands of Cape Verde Archipelago: Boa Vista, Mayo, Sal, Santiago and Sao Vicente (Gilli 1976, Goncalves 1995, Arechavaleta et al. 2005, all as S. portulacastrum). All populations of perennial Sesuvium seen by the first author (AS) in Cape Verde belong to S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii. It is common at least in the southern part of Sal Island on the sandy beaches and seasonally flooded saline depressions by the seashores near Santa Maria and in pristine landscapes in Boa Vista (e. g., Santa Monica beach in the southern part of the island). In Sal Island, S. portulacastrum subsp. persoonii is often a characteristic species of such habitats together with other dominant plants of coastal communities, such as Arthrocaulon franzii (Sukhor.) Piirainen & G. Kadereit (≡ Arthrocnemum franzii Sukhor.), Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel., Tetraena fontanesii (Webb & Berthel.) Beier & Thulin (≡ Zygophyllum fontanesii Webb & Berthel.) and Cistanche phelipaea (L.) Cout. Based on the specimens seen, it is concluded that Sesuvium portulacastrum subsp. persoonii is present on the seashores and saline depressions in (semi) arid territories of West Africa (Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania and Senegal) as a geographically separated form of S. portulacastrum.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
46ED2334DA555766974C46234602AB32.taxon	description	Description. The differences between S. sesuvioides and related annual African taxa were provided in Sukhorukov et al. (2017). Here, it is noted that S. sesuvioides is a facultatively perennial herb and, for that reason, it is also included in the list of perennial species (as in Bohley et al. 2017).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
46ED2334DA555766974C46234602AB32.taxon	distribution	General distribution. The distribution of S. sesuvioides was mapped in Sukhorukov et al. (2017), but the presence of this species was erroneously indicated in the eastern part of South Africa, due to a misapplication of the name " Kleinfontein ". The record from Kleinfontein (24 Oct 1922, Dinter 4151, BM!) indeed belongs to the small village located south of Maltahoehe (Hardap Region, Namibia) and not to the village in Gauteng province (South Africa) mentioned by Sukhorukov et al. (2017). The authors came to this conclusion after tracing the journeys of Kurt Moritz Dinter, who only visited Namibia (it was known at the time as " South-West Africa ": Glen and Germishuizen 2010). Likewise, the lectotype specimen was not collected at Garpia river near Swellendam, Western Cape (as indicated in Sukhorukov et al. (2017)), but on the banks of the Orange River (or Gariep River, spelled by Drege as " Garip "), where S. sesuvioides is frequently found. Therefore the records of S. sesuvioides from Gauteng and the Western Cape provinces (Sukhorukov et al. 2017) are erroneous. In South Africa, the distribution pattern of S. sesuvioides is restricted to the Richtersveld and the lower Orange River valley (Northern Cape province). Records in Namibia and Angola are from the Namib desert (Sukhorukov et al. 2017, see also Fig. 19). Sesuvium sesuvioides has a large geographical distribution with an estimated EOO of 501,893 km 2, but its AOO is only 60 km 2 (which would place it in EN). Many localities, especially in Namibia, are in desert areas and are presumably under little threat. Some populations collected in the past are likely to be in protected areas today. However, the current size of the populations is unknown. Therefore, the species should be considered as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Criteria (IUCN 2017).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
257FD852288F5F86A37B79E5AAA7D6A5.taxon	description	Description. The most indicative characters of this species are: 1) perennial life history, 2) presence of abundant papillae on stems and leaves, 3) Sesuvium sessile turbinate flower buds and capsules and 4) clearly expressed detachments of the aril from the seed coat. Usually, the stems are rooting; however Ferren (2003) and Baldwin et al. (2012) described S. verrucosum as a non-rooting plant (probably applicable to younger plants, as observed in the specimen from Cape Verde listed below). For detailed morphological description, see Fadaie et al. (2006) and Bohley et al. (2017).	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
257FD852288F5F86A37B79E5AAA7D6A5.taxon	distribution	General distribution. Sesuvium verrucosum is widely distributed in North Mexico and the southern part of the USA (Ferren 2003). Outside of its native range in the New World, it is reported as an introduced species in South-West Asia: Bahrain (Verdcourt 1985; see also specimens at BM! E! and K!), the eastern part of Saudi Arabia (Miller 1996; specimens at E!, K!), Iran (Fadaie et al. 2006) and United Arab Emirates (collections from Sharjah, 2009, K!). As indicated on the sheets from Bahrain (collected by M. Cornes and A. M. Alder, 1983 - 1985, E!), S. verrucosum is a widespread species in irrigated areas and loamy sands. In Saudi Arabia, it is invasive in diverse inland plant communities including wastelands and salt pans (Miller 1996). One record has to be added for Syria: small young plants with only a few flowers and flower buds (Syria, Adra, desert, 27 Mar 1931, R. Gombault 1998, P 04583848!), previously reported as S. mesembryanthemoides (Bohley et al. 2017). Surprisingly, S. verrucosum was found in other regions of the world as well (re-identifications of AS): (1) North Vietnam (Tonkin, H ải Phong, sandy seashores, Jul 1908, Ch. D'Alleizette 2723, L 1693583!, a new record for Southeast Asia) and (2) Hawaii [USA], Oahu, 10 Aug 1967, D. Herbst 523 (L 0717044!). Both specimens were initially identified by the collectors as S. portulacastrum. Here, neophytic S. verrucosum is reported for the first time from Macaronesia (Fig. 17), i. e. from Sao Vicente (Cape Verde) and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). In Gran Canaria, the species is well-established and dominant in a dried-out riverbed and extends to the beach and young dunes (Fig. 20). So far, S. verrucosum has not been recorded in other suitable habitats in the area (pers. obs. by Marcos Salas-Pascual in 2016 and Filip Verloove in March and April 2017) and it remains unknown how the species was introduced. Due to the evident invasive character of this species, it may be found in other African countries.	en	Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Nilova, Maya V., Erst, Andrey S., Kushunina, Maria, Baider, Claudia, Verloove, Filip, Salas-Pascual, Marcos, Belyaeva, Irina V., Krinitsina, Anastasiya A., Bruyns, Peter V., Klak, Cornelia (2018): Diagnostics, taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of perennial Sesuvium (Aizoaceae) in Africa. PhytoKeys 92: 45-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.92.22205
