taxonID	type	description	language	source
BFD714B729E845328BD10C04A95E0CFD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Greek, Orestes, a mountaineer. Type material. Holotype. KU 141998, an adult female, obtained 11 km NE Urdaneta, Provincia Loja, Ecuador, 2970 m, 24 July 1971 by William E. Duellman and Bruce MacBryde. Paratypes. KU 141999 - KU 142003, collected syntopically with the holotype.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
BFD714B729E845328BD10C04A95E0CFD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pristimantis orestes is a small species distinguished by the following combination of traits: (1) skin on dorsum finely tuberculated (in life the skin tuberculated texture is more evident); evident dorsolateral folds absent but sometimes a continuous row of pustules is present; low middorsal fold present; skin on venter areolate; discoidal fold weak, more evident posteriorly; (2) tympanic membrane absent but tympanic annulus evident, its length about 45 % of the length of eye; supratympanic fold present; (3) snout short, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis weakly concave in dorsal view, rounded in profile; (4) upper eyelid bearing several small tubercles, similar in size and shape with the ones from the dorsum, about 90 % IOD in females and 60 % IOD in males; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, slightly ovoid, separated medially by distance lower than width of processes; each processes bearing 3 to 6 teeth; (6) males with a subgular vocal sac and small vocal slits; nuptial pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers just slightly expanded, rounded; circumferential grooves present; (8) fingers lacking lateral fringes; subarticular tubercles prominent; supernumerary palmar tubercles present, smaller than subarticular tubercles; palmar tubercle completely divided into a larger (inner) and a smaller (outer) tubercles; thenar tubercle oval, smaller than the inner palmar tubercle; (9) small, inconspicuous, ulnar tubercles present (trait more visible in life); (10) heel with small tubercles; outer edge of tarsus with a row of small tubercles; inner tarsal tubercles coalesced into a short tarsal fold (traits more visible in life); (11) inner metatarsal tubercle broadly ovoid, about 2 x ovoid, subconical (in profile), outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles present; (12) toes lacking lateral fringes; webbing basal; Toe V slightly longer than Toe III; discs on toes just slightly expanded, rounded, about same size as those on fingers; circumferential grooves present; (13) in life, dorsum varies from gray, copper-brown and brown; venter gray to pale brown spotted with cream and / or brown; groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thigh, concealed shank and axillae are dark brown or black enclosing large white spots; iris whitish gray, with a reddish broad median horizontal streak, and with fine black re ticulations; (14) SVL 22.4 - 23.7 mm in adult females (N = 2) and 16.5 - 22.3 mm in adult males (20.1 + / - 2.16 SD, N = 5).	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
BFD714B729E845328BD10C04A95E0CFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lynch (1979) states that this species occurs on the eastern Andean Cordillera from the Cuenca hoya to the Loja hoya in southern Ecuador. However, we suggest that this distribution might be inaccurate and needs to be reviewed, as many of the records are probably erroneous belonging to very similar, but in fact different species. For example, additional localities previously reported by Lynch (1979) from the Loja Province include Saraguro, but this record is likely erroneous, and refers to observations of an undescribed, very similar species. Guayasamin and Arteaga (2013) also reported P. orestes from Susudel in the Azuay province (MZUTI 706), but this record needs to be reviewed via molecular and morphological analysis to confirm identity of this specimens. Thus, we recommend limiting the distribution of P. orestes to the confirmed localities in Urdaneta and in Sigsig, in an elevational range between 2940 to 3100 m (Fig. 4).	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
3FC7017397D448388A9F017C72C473F0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pristimantis cajanuma is a small species distinguished by the following combination of traits: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen; skin on venter areolate (trait more visible in life); discoidal fold weak; dorsolateral folds present; low middorsal fold present; (2) tympanic membrane absent but tympanic annulus evident, its length about 45 % of the length of eye; supratympanic fold present; (3) snout short, subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, angular in profile; (4) upper eyelid bearing several small tubercles, about 60 % IOD in females and 65 % IOD in males; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, triangular, without space between the processes; each processes bearing 4 to 7 teeth; (6) males with subgular vocal sac and vocal slits; nuptial pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded, rounded; circumferential grooves present; (8) fingers lacking lateral fringes; subarticular tubercles prominent; supernumerary palmar tubercles present, rounded, smaller than subarticular tubercles; palmar tubercle bifurcated (partially divided distally); thenar tubercle oval; (9) small, inconspicuous, ulnar tubercles present (trait more visible in life); (10) heel with small tubercles; outer edge of tarsus with a row of small tubercles; inner tarsal tubercles coalesced into a short tarsal fold; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle broadly ovoid, about 2 x round, subconical (in profile) outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles present; (12) toes lacking lateral fringes; webbing basal; Toe V slightly longer than Toe III; discs on toes expanded, rounded, about same size as those on fingers; circumferential grooves present; (13) in life, dorsum of various shades of brown, gray or sometimes green, with or without darker bands or bars; flanks various shades of brown or gray, usually lighter than the dorsum coloration; venter light gray with or without dark flecks; groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, concealed shanks and axillae are black enclosing large white spots; iris bronze with a reddish broad median horizontal streak, and with fine black reticulations; SVL 17.6 - 22.1 mm in adult females (19.8 + / - 1.81 SD, N = 8) and 14.4 - 16.4 mm in adult males (15.4 + / - 0.83 SD, N = 5).	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
3FC7017397D448388A9F017C72C473F0.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult female (MUTPL 346) (Figs 5 - 7) with head narrower than body, wider than long, HL 92 % of HW, HW 36 % of SVL; HL 33 % of SVL; snout short (snout to eye distance 16 % of SVL), subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile (Fig. 7 A, B); canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, angular in profile; loreal region flat; ED notably greater than eye-nostril distance; nostrils not protuberant; lips not flared; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing several small tubercles (one slightly larger than the others), width of upper eyelid 64 % of IOD; half of tympanic annulus evident (Fig. 7 B), oval (slightly higher than wider), its upper and posterodorsal part obscured by rounded supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane absent; diameter of tympanum 52 % of the length of eye; postrictal tubercles are fused and form a short ridge situated posteroventrally to tympanic annulus; choanae small, round, partially concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, triangular in outline, much larger than the choanae, without space between the processes, each bearing 4 or 5 teeth; tongue 1.5 x as long as wide, slightly notched posteriorly, posterior half not adherent to floor of mouth. Skin on dorsum shagreen, that on flanks is finely tuberculated; thin, low middorsal fold starting at tip of snout and ending at cloaca; long, continuous dorsolateral folds present (Fig. 6 A); skin of throat shagreen, that on chest and belly areolate; discoidal fold weak, barely visible (Fig. 6 B); ornamentation in cloacal region absent. Ulnar tubercles small, inconspicuous (trait more visible in life); outer palmar tubercle inconspicuous, bifurcated (partially divided distally); thenar tubercle oval; subarticular tubercles prominent, round and subconical in section; supernumerary palmar tubercles rounded, smaller than subarticular tubercles; fingers lacking lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers expanded, rounded; all fingers bearing pads well defined by circumferential grooves (Fig. 7 C). Hindlimbs short; TL 50 % of SVL; FL 47 % of SVL; heel with small tubercles (one slightly larger than the others); outer edge of tarsus with a row of small tubercles (trait more visible in life); inner edge of tarsus bearing a short fold; inner metatarsal tubercle broadly ovoid, about 2 x round and subconical (in profile) outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, round and subconical in section; plantar supernumerary tubercles rounded, smaller than subarticular tubercles; toes lacking lateral fringes; webbing basal; discs on toes expanded, rounded, about same size as those on fingers; toes with ventral pads well defined by circumferential grooves; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V slightly longer than Toe III (tip of Toe III not reaching the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, tip of Toe V not reaching the proximal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV) (Fig. 7 D).	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
3FC7017397D448388A9F017C72C473F0.taxon	description	Measurements of holotype. SVL 20.6; HW 7.5; HL 6.9; IOD 2.4; internarial distance 1.7; upper EW 1.5; ED 2.3; eye-nostril distance 1.8; snout to eye distance 3.2; TD 1.2; TL 10.2; FL 9.7. Body mass of holotype: 1.01 g.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
3FC7017397D448388A9F017C72C473F0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet cajanuma (in Quechua language " cajan " means cold and " uma " peak, or head, in other words the cold peak, referring to the cold climate of the area) is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the region where the species is found. Cajanuma is the highest entrance to the Podocarpus National Park, which is one of the largest and most diverse protected area from Ecuador. By naming this species cajanuma we also want to honor and recognize the Podocarpus National Park rangers for their extraordinary and tireless work protecting this incredible reserve.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
3FC7017397D448388A9F017C72C473F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Pristimantis cajanuma is known only from the Cajanuma entrance to the Podocarpus National Park, in an altitudinal range between 2882 and 3097 m a. s. l. in a Mountain Cloud Forest ecosystem. All specimens were encountered during the night, perching on the vegetation (usually at 10 - 40 cm above the ground), near the Los Miradores trail. No calling males were encountered. Other sympatric frog species include Pristimantis andinognomus, P. vidua and an undescribed species of Pristimantis.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
E064E44594124677974AAFF00D50488E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pristimantis quintanai is a small species characterized by: (1) skin of dorsum finely tuberculated with low and rounded tubercles that vary in size (character more noticeable in life), notorious dermal crests, elevated; skin on venter coarsely areolate, dorsolateral folds present, low, middorsal fold low, discoidal fold barely noticeable; low sinusoidal scapular fold; (2) tympanic membrane indistinct, tympanic annulus differentiated, visible, rounded (57 % of ED), postrictal tubercles present; (3) short snout, slightly subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile, canthus rostralis concave; (4) upper eyelid with one or two rounded tubercles and with several low ones, cranial crest absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomer oblique, with one to two teeth, rounded choana; (6) males have small vocal slits but lack vocal sac and nuptial pads; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II, discs rounded, with dilated pads in all fingers, well defined circumferential grooves; (8) lateral fringes of finger barely noticeable; (9) ulnar tubercles present, lacking antebrachial tubercles; (10) heel with one rounded and several low tubercles, shank lacking tubercles, tarsal tubercles low and small; (11) lateral fringes on toes barely noticeable, webbing absent; Toe V longer than Toe III; discs of toes rounded, dilated pads in all toes, well defined circumferential grooves; (12) inner metatarsal tubercles ovoid two times bigger than outer one, rounded; supernumerary plantar tubercles very low and small, smaller than subarticular tubercles; (13) iris grayish-gold with thin dark reticulations and a horizontal reddish stripe in the middle of the eye, dorsal coloration varies between dark brown, or light brown with cream; flanks vary between dark brown with minute white spots to light cream or yellowish-cream with minute white spots; ventral coloration varies between black, light reddish-brown or reddish-cream; groin and concealed surfaces of thighs are black with white irregular spots (whitish-cream and smaller in males); (14) SVL 19.0 - 21.8 mm in adult females (20.5 + / - 0.90 SD, N = 6) and 15.5 - 16.4 mm in adult males (16.0 + / - 0.64 SD, N = 2).	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
E064E44594124677974AAFF00D50488E.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult female (Figs 10 - 12) with head narrower than body and wider than long. HL is 87 % of HW, HW 36 % of SVL; HL 31 % of SVL; snout short (snout to eye distance 6 % of SVL), subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile (Fig. 12 A, B); canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, angular in profile; loreal region flat; ED 60 % of eye-nostril distance; nostrils oriented laterally; lips not flared; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid bearing one small subconical tubercle and low small tubercles, width of upper eyelid 57 % of IOD; tympanic annulus, rounded, its upper and posterodorsal part obscured by a low and short supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane absent (Fig. 12 B); diameter of tympanum 63 % of ED; one postrictal tubercle posteroventral to the tympanic annulus; choanae small, round, no concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers triangular, slightly larger than the choanae, without space between the processes, bearing one teeth on the left one and two teeth on the right one; tongue 1.4 x as long as wide, slightly notched posteriorly, posterior half not adherent to floor of mouth. Skin on dorsum finely tuberculated; middorsal fold present; low dorsolateral folds (more noticeable toward the end of dorsum); sinusoidal scapular fold present (Fig. 11 A) skin of throat shagreen with few small scattered tubercles, skin on chest and belly coarsely areolate; discoidal fold low, barely noticeable (Fig. 11 B); cloacal region with enlarged warts. Ulnar tubercles present, outer palmar tubercle bifurcated (divided distally); thenar tubercle rounded; subarticular tubercles not projected, round and subconical in section; supernumerary palmar tubercles low and rounded, smaller than subarticular tubercles; fingers bearing lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers laterally expanded, rounded; all fingers bearing dilated pads well defined by circumferential grooves (Fig. 12 C). Hindlimbs short; TL and FL are 40 % of SVL; heel with two small subconical tubercles (the one closest to the tarsus bigger); outer edge of tarsus with a row of small and low tubercles; inner edge of tarsus bearing a fold; inner metatarsal tubercle broadly ovoid, about 2 x the rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles not projected; plantar supernumerary tubercles low, barely noticeable; toes bearing lateral fringes; webbing absent; discs on toes laterally expanded, rounded, wider than those on fingers; toes with dilated pads well defined by circumferential grooves; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV (Fig. 12 D).	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
E064E44594124677974AAFF00D50488E.taxon	description	Measurements of holotype. SVL 20.2; HW 7.2; HL 6.3; IOD 2.6; internarial distance 1.8; upper EW 1.5; ED 2.2; eye-nostril distance 1.3; TD 1.4; TL 8.8; FL 8.5.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
E064E44594124677974AAFF00D50488E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet honors Dr Pedro Quintana-Ascencio for his contributions teaching young scientists from Ecuador and the USA and for promoting conservation studies in endangered ecosystems in the south of Ecuador. This is our tribute to Pedro as an ecologist, professor and friend.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
E064E44594124677974AAFF00D50488E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Pristimantis quintanai is know from three localities in the Province of Canar: Guangras, Rivera and Llavircay in an elevation range between 2500 and 2800 m. The ecosystem were the species is found is categorized as an evergreen high montane forest from the eastern Andes of Ecuador (Ministerio de Ambiente del Ecuador 2012). All specimens were encountered during the night between small shrubs and in leaf litter. Some specimens were observed in small branches between 0 and 25 cm above ground. Other sympatric frogs include P. pycnodermis and two other unidentified species of Pristimantis.	en	Urgiles, Veronica L., Szekely, Paul, Szekely, Diana, Christodoulides, Nicholas, Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Savage, Anna E. (2019): Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZooKeys 864: 111-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.864.35102
