identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BCE72CB464FFC6FF39577FFE65FA3A.text	03BCE72CB464FFC6FF39577FFE65FA3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biddulphia S. F. Gray and Zygoceros Ehrenberg. In 1821	<div><p>Biddulphia S.F. Gray 1821, p. 294</p><p>Diatoma liber Suhr (1831, p. 686), Diatoma interstitiale Agardh (1832, p. 54) and Biddulphia septemlocularis Kützing (1844, p. 138) all seem to have been described and named by different authors for specimens found in material Suhr acquired from the Canary Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB464FFC6FF39577FFE65FA3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
03BCE72CB464FFC4FF395427FC1EFC09.text	03BCE72CB464FFC4FF395427FC1EFC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diatoma liber Suhr 1831	<div><p>1. Diatoma liber Suhr 1831, p. 686 (1834, 17 (1), tab. III, fig. 4, reproduced here as Figure 1) (Figures 2–6)</p><p>Described in the first ‘Beschreibung einiger neuen algen’ series from Canary Island specimens (“Kanarische Inseln”), Suhr provided a fairly detailed account of Diatoma liber (Suhr 1831, p. 686) publishing a series of figures in a later edition of Flora oder Botanische Zeitung (Suhr 1834, 17 (1), tab. III, fig. 4, see Fig. 1).</p><p>Diatoma liber has been assumed by many to be the same species as Diatoma interstitiale Agardh (1832, p. 54), both having been described from Suhr’s Canary Island material (Agardh 1832, p. 54, “ Sphaerococcus Corneum investiens ad insulas Canariensis. Specimen misit v. Suhr”; Kützing 1833, p. 585, “An Sphaerococcus corneus, von den canarischen Inseln, v. Suhr”; see also Montagne in Barker-Webb &amp; Berthelot 1840, p. 193, “Gelidio corneo parasitantem hancce speciem mihi ignotam invenit cl. Suhr, qui cum celeb. Agardhio specimen communicavit.”; and their footnote: “J’omets à dessein le Diatoma liber Suhr, originaire aussi des Canaries, selon cet auteur, par la raison que ses caractères ne m’ont pas paru assez solides pour lever tous mes doutes sur sa légitimité”).</p><p>Two slides in the BM Kützing collection are made from Canary Island material (“Ins Canar.”) and both said to have specimens of Diatoma liber . The same two slides are catalogued for Diatoma interstitiale (Table 1)</p><p>1 When numbers are double-underlined in Eulenstein’s Catalogue it indicates that ‘Kützing 823’ (BM 19390 “Ins Canar.”) was the source of the original material for Biddulphia septemlocularis (See Cox 1995) .</p><p>The Eulenstein catalogue of Kützing’s BM collection (Eulenstein 1868) notes that for ‘Kützing 766’ it includes specimens of: “ Diat. interstitiale Ag. ( Diatoma liber Suhr ?) Ins Canar. bei Grammath. Marina ” (italics not in original) and for ‘Kützing 823’ specimens of: “ Bidd. septemlocularis Kg. [Isth. ernerva [= I. enervis] ... canariensis Kg] Diat. interstitiale K. … liber Suhr Ins Canar. Kütz. ” 4 (italic not in original). The implication is that all these names (except those in Isthmia) refer to the same specimens.</p><p>Diatoma liber has been written as Diatoma liberum (Kützing 1849, p. 137), as ‘ Diatoma liberum Agardh’ (e.g., de Toni 1894, p. 870, Boyer 1901, p. 694 as a synonym of Biddulphia biddulphiana) and as ‘ Diatoma linerum Agardh’ (in Mills 1933, p. 282, under Biddulphia biddulphiana) 5. These all refer to the same taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB464FFC4FF395427FC1EFC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
03BCE72CB466FFC4FF395631FE83FA65.text	03BCE72CB466FFC4FF395631FE83FA65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biddulphia septemlocularis Kutzing 1844	<div><p>2. Biddulphia septemlocularis Kützing (1844, p. 138)</p><p>Kützing described Biddulphia septemlocularis Kützing (1844, p. 138, pl. 19, fig. II, 1, 2) also from Canary Island material (“Unter Algen von den canarischen Inseln”). The alternative name ‘ septemcostata ’ was used in Eulenstein’s Catalogue of Kützing’s collection, this name being found only in the herbarium; there is also the additional unpublished name ‘ Isthmosira [ Isthmia] canariensis ’.</p><p>Eulenstein’s Catalogue indicates ‘Kützing 823’ (BM 19390, “Ins Canar.”) was also the source for the original material of Biddulphia septemlocularis . Inspection of the mica for ‘Kützing 823’ reveals only a few complete frustules so no SEM study was attempted.</p><p>The images on which this description is based are from BM 19390 (‘Kützing 823’) (Figs 2–6). Inspection of BM 19343 (‘Kützing 766’) yielded no whole specimens of Diatoma liber, the sample being dominated by Grammatophora marina (Lyngbye) Kützing (1844, p. 128, pl. 17, fig. XXIV, 1–6, pl. 18, fig. I, 1–5). The specimens figured are all confirmed as a species of Biddulphia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB466FFC4FF395631FE83FA65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
03BCE72CB466FFC2FF3957E5FDACF95F.text	03BCE72CB466FFC2FF3957E5FDACF95F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biddulphia quinquelocularis Kutzing 1844	<div><p>3. Biddulphia quinquelocularis Kützing (p. 138, pl. 19, fig. I, 1, 2)</p><p>Both Diatoma liber and Diatoma interstitiale are cited in Kützing (1844, 1849) as synonyms of his Biddulphia quinquelocularis Kützing (Kützing, p. 138, pl. 19, fig. I, 1, 2, see Fig. 7; ‘ Biddulphia quinquelobata’ was an alternative name used only for herbarium material). Although described as new, Kützing included a number of apparent synonyms (Table 2) as well as numerous localities (Table 3, marked with Y in the last column). Most subsequent commentators have considered Biddulphia quinquelocularis a synonym of Biddulphia biddulphiana (J.E. Smith) Boyer (1900, p. 694) .</p><p>The Kinker catalogue lists six slides (* in Table 3) for quinquelocularis along with one addition slide for the invalidly published ‘ Biddulphia elongata ’ Meneghini (in Kützing 1849, p. 137, BM 19394), also considered a synonym of B. quinquelocularis . Although the Canary Islands are listed in Kützing (1844), no slide has Biddulphia quinquelocularis indicated as present. ‘Kützing 821’ is the source material for BM 19392, the apparent type material for B. quinquelocularis (Figs 8–10).</p><p>1 On the slide label: “Genoa 1828”</p><p>2 No coverslip or specimens</p><p>3 Given as 937 in error.</p><p>4 W has specimens from ‘Kützing 936’ (W0088953), not present in BM. These are specimens of Biddulphia quinquelocularis from Dalmatia, Croatia. They have not been examined.</p><p>5 https://websites.rbge.org.uk/algae/collections/ Biddulphia _WalkerArnott_Foreign_1.jpg</p><p>‘ Biddulphia elongata ’ Meneghini has only been recorded by Kützing (1849, p. 137) but Meneghini did comment earlier on the specimens: “Abbiamo nell’Adriatico le due specie quinquelocularis e trilocularis . Lo riferisco alla seconda una forma a bacilli minori e molto allungati, che credevo dapprima una nuova specie e come tale comunicai al Kützing, il quale la credette invece appartenente alla quinquelocularis ” (Meneghini 1846, p. 1998). ‘Kützing 927’ is the source material for BM 19394, the apparent type material for ‘ B. elongata ’, which contains just fragments, mostly with fragments of a species of Rhabdonema (Figures 11, 12, BM001167211: https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b657-4ccb55ab2feb/record/8288389).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB466FFC2FF3957E5FDACF95F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
03BCE72CB460FFC2FF395482FB3DF8B7.text	03BCE72CB460FFC2FF395482FB3DF8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biddulphia S. F. Gray and Zygoceros Ehrenberg. In 1821	<div><p>4. ‘ Biddulphia dalmatica’</p><p>One BM slide indicates the presence of a species provisionally named ‘ Biddulphia dalmatica’, an unpublished herbarium name: BM 19396 (‘Kützing 822’, Adriatic, Dalmatica, Croatia, BM001167212: https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/collectionspecimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b657-4ccb55ab2feb/record/8288390). This slide has no coverslip and inspection of the mica for ‘Kützing 822’ reveals only a few fragments, so no SEM work was attempted (Fig. 20).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB460FFC2FF395482FB3DF8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
03BCE72CB461FFC3FF395464FF19F8DD.text	03BCE72CB461FFC3FF395464FF19F8DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diatoma maculosa Suhr’	<div><p>5. ‘ Diatoma maculosa Suhr’</p><p>The name ‘ Diatoma maculosa Suhr’ is also encountered in Kützing’s collection, another name never published but with material in the herbarium: BM 17984 (which is a broken slide) (‘Kützing 760’, “Süd Occidentalis, Binder”). The slide contains only fragments of what Suhr could have named a species of Diatoma but is undoubtedly a species of Biddulphia (Fig. 21).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB461FFC3FF395464FF19F8DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
03BCE72CB461FFC1FF39550CFF0FFC3F.text	03BCE72CB461FFC1FF39550CFF0FFC3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biddulphia trilocularis Kutzing 1844	<div><p>6. Biddulphia trilocularis Kützing 1844, p. 138, pl. 29, fig. 89</p><p>Kützing provides a very brief description of Biddulphia trilocularis, lists two localities (“ Insel Cuba: Peru ”) and cites two illustrations from Ehrenberg ( Biddulphia pulchella from Ehrenberg 1843, Taf. I, iii, fig. 25, Peru, and Denticella biddulphia from Ehrenberg 1843, Taf. II, vi, fig. 19, Cuba), noting that “Vielleicht gehört hierher auch Denticella Tridens Ehrenbg. Kreideth. 1839. p. 73” (Kützing 1844 p. 138). Kützing’s own illustration (1844, pl. 29, fig. 89, see Fig. 22) is quite possibly a reproduction, or re-drawing, of Ehrenberg’s Denticella biddulphia (Ehrenberg 1843, Taf. II, vi, fig. 19, Cuba) (Figs 23, 24) as there are no specimens in Kützing’s collection for Biddulphia trilocularis .</p><p>Kützing’s Biddulphia trilocularis was probably intended as a new name for Denticella biddulphia Ehrenberg (1843, Taf. II, vi, fig. 19), the nomenclature of this species (or groups of species) is somewhat complex and needs to be dealt with separately.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCE72CB461FFC1FF39550CFF0FFC3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, David M.	Williams, David M. (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing’s diatom collection VI: The identity of Diatoma liber Suhr (1831). Phytotaxa 528 (3): 215-223, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.528.3.6
