taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BC5D49FFB0FF9579EAF95C29FBEE65.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Crocosia phaeocraspis Hampson, 1914, by original designation.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFB0FF9579EAF95C29FBEE65.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species of the genus (Figs 1 – 6) are externally reminiscent of members of the genera Zobida Birket-Smith, 1965 (illustrated by Krüger (2015 )), Cragia (Figs 15, 16) and Pseudocragia Krüger, 2015 (illustrated by Krüger (2015 )) with their pair of small black spots on the forewing but are characterised by the substantial sexual dimorphism: the male has an orange forewing with a greyish-brown outer third while the female forewing is unicolourous greyish-brown, with only slight orange suffusion basally. The male genitalia of Crocosia (Figs 17 – 19) are similar to Cragia (Fig. 22) but differ in the following features. (1) In the valva, the sacculus is reduced, very short and lacks processes whereas in Cragia it is elongate, reaching the base of the valvula, and bears a medial process directed ventrad or inwards. (2) The proximal end of the sacculus bears a weakly sclerotised ribbon-like ental process separated from its counterpart by a membrane whereas in Cragia the homologous processes are connected by the thin intersaccular bridge. (3) The costa is short, trapezoidal and occupies only the basal section of the dorsal margin of the valva whereas in Cragia it is elongate, occupying the majority of the dorsal margin of the valva. (4) The valval section of the transtilla is short, overlapping with the costa and bears a short, conical and serrulate ampulla. Cragia also has a similar (but larger) ampulla but the valval section of the transtilla in this genus is considerably longer and its distal part is extended into the medial section of the valva. (5) The diaphragmal section of the transtilla has a weakly sclerotised, ribbon-like tendon separated from its counterpart by the membrane (similar to Cragia). (6) The juxta is trapezoidal with a tapered and heavily sclerotised dorsal section, which has a broad V-shaped medial notch, its lateral ventral corners firmly articulated with the sacculi. Unlike Crocosia, the juxta in Cragia is broader, and its dorsal section is weakly sclerotised and fused with the anellus. (7) The anellus is membranous and firmly articulated with the phallus making it non-removable from the phallocrypt, whereas in Cragia the anellus bears hook-shaped valvellae ventro-laterally, and the phallus is hardly removable from the phallocrypt. (8) The phallus of Crocosia is moderately broad (the length to width ratio is 2.0 – 2.2: 1) and has a membranous, longitudinally wrinkled and expandable distal (external) section bearing a broad, plate-like and weakly sclerotised ventral carina forming an outer wall of the subbasal diverticulum. Unlike in Crocosia, the phallus of Cragia is broader (the length to width ratio is ca. 1.5 – 1.6: 1), its distal section is more protruding posteriorly, non-expandable, and lacks the carina while the proximal (internal) section is markedly shorter. Among the Lithosiina genera, the similar longitudinally wrinkled and expandable distal section of the phallus is found in the genus Brunia Moore, 1878 (illustrated, e. g., by Holloway (2001), Bucsek (2017), and Volynkin (2022 )) but in the latter, the carina is absent and the phallus is easily removable from the phallocrypt. (9) The vesica of Crocosia is broad, with a few diverticula of various shapes, and bears two strongly elongate, horn-like distal cornuti subapically and apically near the base of the vesica ejaculatorius, which originates distally, whereas in Cragia the vesica lacks the cornuti and has a vesica ejaculatorius originating proximo-ventrally. Birket-Smith (1965) erroneously treated the cornuti of Crocosia as valvellae supporting his conclusion by the observation that certain muscles (assumed by the author as homologous to the muscles originating from the ventrolateral processes of the juxta and inserted into the valvellae in Cragia) are inserted into them. This treatment was followed by Krüger (2015), who did not examine the vesica structure. However, subsequent examination of the male genitalia musculature of Crocosia by the author of the present paper revealed no juxtal muscles inserted into those sclerotised structures of Crocosia. Although they are nearly as long as the phallus and their distal ends are extended distally from the phallus tube (and protected by the carinal process by a cover) (Figs 23 – 25), they are in fact situated on the distal section of the vesica and are therefore the true cornuti. The female genitalia of Crocosia (Figs 30, 31) are characterised by the following features. (1) The ductus bursae is membranous and tubular, its posterior section is funnel-shaped, and the ventral margin of the ostium bursae bears an antevaginal plate divided into two lateral lobes. Compared to Crocosia, the ductus bursae of Cragia (Fig. 32) is shorter, broader, its anterior section is densely covered with spinulose scobination while the posterior section forms a broad (as wide as the anterior end of the 8 th abdominal segment), more or less rectangular and gelatinous antrum bearing pockets to receive the male valvellae during copulation, and the ventral margin of the ostium bursae is rugose, lacking the antevaginal plate. (2) The corpus bursae is pyriform, its anterior section is membranous while the posterior one is sclerotised, bears two short thick-walled and rugose posterior diverticula directed posteriorly, and a large, pyriform anterior diverticulum, which is directed anteriorly, with a membranous distal section, and a weakly sclerotised proximal section. At the base of the latter, the corpus bursae bears a short sclerotised pocket. Unlike Crocosia, in Cragia the corpus bursae has a tubular and densely spinulose posterior section (its scobination is extended into the ductus bursae), and a membranous and helicoid anterior section, which is longer than the posterior one; and the posterior section has a single pyriform and membranous diverticulum. (3) The appendix bursae is conical, proximally sclerotised and apically membranous, originating from the posterior section of the corpus bursae postero-laterally and directed posteriorly, whereas in Cragia the appendix bursae is not developed and the ductus seminalis originates from the anterior end of the helicoid anterior section of the corpus bursae. The diagnostic comparison with Cragiosia gen. n. (Figs 7 – 14, 20, 21, 33 – 35) is provided below in the diagnosis of the latter.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFB0FF9579EAF95C29FBEE65.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus is widespread in rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian Region reaching western Kenya (Kakamega Forest) in the east. Molecular data. Although they display substantial and stable morphological differences, two allopatric species of the genus were recovered as polyphyletic (Fig. 36). The intraspecific divergences were in the ranges of 0.00 – 2.84 % in C. phaeocraspis and 0.00 – 2.99 % in C. divisa, while the pairwise distances between C. phaeocraspis and C. divisa were 0.00 – 2.83 %. Thus, Crocosia is another example of a group in which the COI marker is not informative for purposes of species delimitation, this phenomenon being quite widespread among various genera of Lepidoptera (e. g., Schmidt & Sperling 2008; László & Hausmann 2022, etc.).	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBAFF9B79EAFE872E29ED96.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3, 17, 30)	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBAFF9B79EAFE872E29ED96.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Fig. 1): ♂, “ Gold Coast. [Ghana] | Bibianaha. [Bibiani] | 70 miles N. W. | of Dimkwa. [Dunkwa] | 700 ft. | H. G. F. Spurrell. | 1911 – 244. ” / red ring “ Type ” label / QR- code label with unique ID “ NHMUK 010916137 ” (NHMUK). Additional material examined. GUINEA: 8 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 690 m, Guinée Forestiére, Bossou Forest and Institut de Recherche Environmentale de Bossou (lowland forest / farmland), 07 ˚ 38 ' 32 '' N, 08 ˚ 30 ' 30 '' W, 24 – 31. vi. 2019, MV & 8 W UV cold cathode light traps, Dérozier, V., Suah Dore, J., Koivagui, S., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz., Warner, R. leg.; 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 625 m, Guinée Forestiére, Forêt Classée de Ziama, Sérédou (lowland forest / farmland), 08 ° 21 ' 26 '' N, 09 ° 17 ' 48 '' W, 9 – 16. vii. 2019, MV light trap, Dérozier, V., Koivagui, S., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz., Warner, R. leg.; 1 ♀, 1400 – 1725 m, Guinée Forestiére, Monts Nimba UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mont Richard Molard camp and ridge (highaltitude grassland and forest), 07 ° 36 ' 19 '' N, 08 ° 25 ' 30 '' W, 1 – 7. vii. 2019, 250 W blended light trap, Dérozier, V., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz. leg.; 66 ♂♂, 45 ♀♀, 540 – 600 m, 619 km ESE of Conakry, Nzerekore Region, Prefecture Lola, Ziela env., x. 2017, 7 ˚ 42 ' N, 8 ˚ 21 ' W, Local collectors leg.; LIBERIA: 10 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 611 m, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts, base camp forest, 8 ˚ 07 ' 17 '' N, 9 ˚ 57 ' 42 '' W, 20. xi. – 01. xii. 2017, MV light trap (125 w), Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. & Smith, L. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 6923 ♂; 2 ♂♂, 585 m, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts, Rosewood Camp, 8 ˚ 06 ' 14.9 '' N, 9 ˚ 58 ' 27.3 '' W, 18. xi. – 1. xii. 2018, MV light trap, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg.; 1 ♀, 551 m, Wetezu camp, Wonegizi Nature Reserve, Lofa County, 8 ° 4 ' 57.11 '' N 9 ° 34 ' 47.86 '' W, 19 – 27. iii. 2019, cold cathode UV light trap (8 W), Sáfián, Sz., Koivogui, S. leg.; 11 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, 865 m, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts, Ridge camp, 807 ' 10 '' N, 9 ˚ 57 ' 11 '' W, 24 – 29. xi. 2017, light trap (blended bulb 250 w), Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. & Smith, L. leg.; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 140 m, Sinoe County, Krahn-Bassa Reserve, Juboe River, 7.5 km SW Pellokon Town, 5 ˚ 39 ' 4 '' N, 8 ˚ 39 ' 4 '' W, 14 – 20. i. 2018, MV & blended bulb 250 w light traps, Geiser, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg.; 1 ♀, 103 m, Sinoe County, 6.5 km NW of Jacksonville, forest near Solve Problem Village, 5 ° 26 ' 25 '' N 9 ° 7 ' 39.9 '' W, 23 – 27. i. 2018, MV light trap, Geiser, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg.; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, 1165 m, Nimba Mts, camp, ENNR, Nimba County, 7 ˚ 31 ' 45 '' N, 8 ˚ 31 ' 37 '' W, 3 – 13. xii. 2017, MV 125 W and blended bulb 250 W light traps, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. & Smith, L. leg.; 1 ♂, 750 m, Nimba County, Nimba Mts., ENNR, Cellcom Road, 7 ˚ 33 ' 3.78 '' N, 8 ˚ 31 ' 46.49 '' W, 16 – 28. xii. 2018, cold cathode UV light trap (8 w), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, H. leg.; 1 ♀, 1000 – 1100 m, Nimba Mts., ENNR, Nimba County (Cellcom road), 7 ˚ 32 ' 45.88 '' N, 8 ˚ 31 ' 21.04 '' W, 02 – 14. xii. 2017, cold cathode light bucket, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. & Smith, L. leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 230 m, Lofa County, Zuwulor Village School, 7 ˚ 54 ' 52 '' N, 9 ˚ 31 ' 08 '' W, 8. xi. 2017, light trap (blended bulb 250 W), Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., & Smith, L., leg.; 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 883 m, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts., Ridge Camp 2, 8 ˚ 7 ' 20.79 '' N, 9 ˚ 56 ' 50.75 '' W, 22 – 31. xi. 2018, light trap, blended bulb (250 W), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 494 m, Nimba County, Nimba Mts., ENNR, Grassfield FDA Field Station, 7 ˚ 29 ' 32.45 '' N, 34 ˚ 34 ' 54.05 '' W, 22. xi. 2018, light trap, blended bulb (250 W), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg.; 1 ♂, 750 m, Nimba County, Nimba Mts., ENNR, Cellcom Road, 7 ˚ 33 ' 3.78 '' N, 8 ˚ 31 ' 46.49 '' W, 16 – 28. xii. 2018, cold cathode UV light trap (8 w), Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, H. leg.; 23 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀, 530 m, Lofa County, Foya Proposed Protected Area, 7 ˚ 56 ' 36 '' N, 10 ˚ 16 ' 36 '' W, 10 – 19. xi. 2017, MV (125 w), blended bulb (250 w) and cold cathode traps, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., & Smith, L., leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 8576 ♀, AV 8577 ♀, AV 8578 ♀; IVORY COAST: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 174 m, Taï NP, Taï Research Station (SRET), 05 ˚ 50 ' 00 '' N, 07 ˚ 20 ' 32.0 '' W, 25. iii. – 17. iv. 2017, MV light trap, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg.; 4 ♀♀, 174 m, Taï NP, Taï Research Station (SRET), 05 ˚ 49 ' 59.8 '' N, 07 ˚ 20 ' 32.0 '' W, 5 – 10. vii. 2015, light trap, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg.; 1 ♀, same locality and collectors but 14 – 23. xi. [20] 15; 1 ♂, MAN, Mt. Tonkoui, 07 ° 27 ' 15.0 '' N 7 ° 38 ' 12.6 '' W, 1200 m, 24 – 27. xi. 2014, UV trap, P. Moretto leg. (all in ANHRT).	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBAFF9B79EAFE872E29ED96.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The forewing length is 10.5 – 13.0 mm in males and 11.0 – 13.5 mm in females. Crocosia phaeocraspis is superficially very similar to C. divisa and identification requires the examination of the genitalia structures. The male genital capsules and phalli of the two species are very similar and reliable differences are found only in the vesica configurations. Compared to C. divisa, the vesica of C. phaeocraspis is longer, broader, and has a longer and broader subbasal diverticulum, a broader distal diverticulum, and a well-developed apical diverticulum (it is vestigial in the congener). Additionally, both the cornuti of C. phaeocraspis are directed distally whereas in C. divisa, the subapical cornutus is directed distally while the apical one is directed latero-anteriorly. The differences between C. phaeocraspis and C. divisa are more substantial in the female genitalia: in the former the apophysis posterioris is shorter, the lobes of the antevaginal plate are shorter, the corpus bursae is markedly broader with a broader sclerotised area, the anterior diverticulum bursae is considerably longer and distally broader, and the sclerotised pocket is larger and situated more anteriorly than in C. divisa.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBAFF9B79EAFE872E29ED96.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is currently known from Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Ghana.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBBFF9879EAFCCE289FED96.taxon	description	(Figs 4 – 6, 18, 19, 31)	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBBFF9879EAFCCE289FED96.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Figs 4, 18): ♂, blue label “ Kamerun [Cameroon, South Region] | Akoafim [ca. 02 ° 21 ' N 12 ° 56 ' E] | 1914 [amended from 1913] | Tessmann S. G. ” / red label “ Type ” / “ Fundort | unsicher! ” [Locality | uncertain!] / “ 846 ” / “ divisa Gaede ”, gen. prep. No. MfN- 0387 (prepared by Volynkin) (MfN). Additional material examined. CAMEROON: 1 ♀, 900 m, North Region, Wack (La Falaise), 07 ˚ 40 ' 16.5 '' N, 13 ˚ 33 ' 18.4 '' E, 2 – 21. x. 2018, general coll., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 8596 ♀ (ANHRT); GABON: 33 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀, 430 m, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal (secondary forest), 0 ˚ 29 ' 47 '' N, 11 ˚ 10 ' 42 '' E, 28. vii. – 12. viii. 2019, MV, actinic & LepiLED light traps, Albert, J. - L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 6924 ♂, AV 6925 ♂, AV 7068 ♀, AV 7285 ♂; 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 185 m, Dilo ANPN camp, Ivindo (secondary forest), 0 ˚ 14 ' 1 '' S, 12 ˚ 17 ' 49 '' E, 14 – 19. viii. 2019, LepiLED light trap, Albert, J. - L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 8574 ♀, AV 8592 ♀, AV 8594 ♂, AV 8597 ♀ (all in ANHRT); REPUBLIC OF CONGO, NNNP: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 352 m, Ndoki formation camp, 02 ° 12 ' 48.5 '' N, 16 ° 23 ' 45.6 '' E, 23. vi. 2022, MV light trap, Dérozier, V. leg.; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 352 m, Mombongo camp (moist mixed forest), 02 ° 10 ' 30.7 '' N, 16 ° 08 ' 37.7 '' E, 28. vi. 2022, MV light trap, Dérozier, V. leg.; 3 ♀♀, 365 m, Mondika camp, 02 ° 21 ' 50.63 '' N 16 ° 16 ' 25.82 '' E, 07 – 14. ii. 2023, MV light trap, Bakala, N., M., Dérozier, V., Kirk-Spriggs, A., László, G. leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 380 m, Bomassa (secondary forest), 02 ° 12 ' 25.7 '' N, 16 ° 11 ' 39.1 '' E, 18 – 22. vi. 2022, act. light trap, Dérozier, V. leg.; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 358 m, Bomassa forest (secondary forest), 02 ° 11 ' 58.1 '' N, 16 ° 11 ' 16.9 '' E, 17 – 23. ix. 2022, LepiLED L. T., Dérozier, V., Fouka, B., Kirk-Spriggs, A., Takano, H. leg.; 1 ♀, 341 m, Bomassa camp (secondary forest), 02 ° 12 ' 36.9 '' N 16 ° 11 ' 30.2 '' E, 10 – 16. x. 2022, LepiLED light trap, Dérozier, V., Fouka, B., Kirk-Spriggs, A., Takano, H. leg.; 1 ♀, same locality but 6 – 14. v. 2023, MV light trap, Dérozier, V., Kirk-Spriggs, A., László, G., Mvouende, S. leg.; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 370 m, Mbeli camp (moist mixed forest), 02 ° 12 ' 48.5 '' N, 16 ° 23 ' 45.6 '' E, 25. vi. 2022, MV light trap, Dérozier, V. leg.; 1 ♂, 311 m, Mombongo baï (marshland), 02 ° 10 ' 14.4 '' N 16 ° 08 ' 27.9 '' E, 28. vi. 2022, actinic light trap, Dérozier, V., Mékounou, P. leg.; 1 ♀, 375 m, Mbeli baï (swamp forest), 02 ° 15 ' 30.4 '' N, 16 ° 24 ' 39.5 '' E, 25. vi. 2022, actinic light trap, Dérozier, V. leg.; 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 372 m, Mbeli camp (Gilbertiodendron forest), 02 ° 14 ' 23.8 '' N, 16 ° 23 ' 52.1 '' E, 1 – 10. x. 2022, MV & actinic light traps, Dérozier, V., Fouka, B., Kirk-Spriggs, A., Takano, H. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 8593 ♂; 1 ♀, same locality but 14 – 20. ii. 2023, Bakala, N., M., Dérozier, V., Kirk-Spriggs, A., László, G. leg. (all in ANHRT); UGANDA: 2 ♂♂, Kibale National Park, biol. field station, 19 – 24. xi. 2014, light trap, W. Mey leg. (MfN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ruwenzori Range, Semliki Forest, 2,850 ft., 22. viii. – 3. ix. 1952, D. S. Fletcher leg. / Ruwenzori Exped. B. M. 1952 - 566, unique ID: NHMUK 014173062, gen. prep. Nos.: NHMUK 014331135 (♂) (prepared by Volynkin), Arctiidae 43 (♀) (NHMUK); KENYA: 1 ♀, Western, Kakamega Forest, Rondo Retreat, 00 ° 13 ' 37 '' N 34 ° 53 ' 06 '' E, 1610 m, Black / MV lights, 27. vii. 2001, K. Maes leg. (ANHRT). Note. The type locality of the species, Akoafim is an abandoned German colonial town situated north of the Aïna River (Eckert 1912).	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBBFF9879EAFCCE289FED96.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The forewing length is 10.0 – 12.5 mm in males and 11.5 – 13.5 mm in females. Crocosia divisa is superficially very similar to the allopatric C. phaeocraspis and a detailed comparison is provided above in the diagnosis of the latter species.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBBFF9879EAFCCE289FED96.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is currently known from Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Uganda, and western Kenya. It is also present in Democratic Republic of Congo based on a photograph examined of a specimen in RMCA (accessed at https: // virtualcol. africamuseum. be). Kühne’s (2008, as Ilema mesosticta) record from Nigeria is highly likely based on the type locality of Cragiosia mesosticta, although it’s occurrence in southeastern Nigeria cannot be ruled out.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFB8FF9E79EAFCCE2865E729.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Ilema mesosticta Hampson, 1911, by present designation.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFB8FF9E79EAFCCE2865E729.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species of the new genus (Figs 7 – 14) display limited sexual dimorphism with the female having a somewhat broader forewing and are superficially reminiscent of females of Crocosia (Figs 3, 6), from which, however, they can easily be distinguished by the brown head and thorax (vs. rusty orange in Crocosia), the forewing lacking the rusty orange basal suffusion, which is characteristic of Crocosia, and the paler hindwing with an intense brownish-grey suffusion terminally. The male genital capsule of Cragiosia gen. n. (Figs 20, 21) is similar to Crocosia (Figs 17 – 19) with its swollen uncus and the valva lacking costal and saccular processes but is characterised by the presence of valvellae, which are proximally firmly articulated with the phallus wall making an indivisible intromittent complex (Figs 27 – 29). The similar valvella structure is known in the genus Cragia (Figs 22, 26) although both the male genital capsule configuration as well as female genitalia structure differ markedly. However, unlike in Cragiosia gen. n., the valvellae of Cragia are only weakly articulated with the phallus making it removable from the phallocrypt. Additionally, the male genital capsule of Cragiosia gen. n. differs from Crocosia in the shorter, more or less rectangular and evenly weakly sclerotised juxta (in Crocosia, it is trapezoidal with a more heavily sclerotised dorsal section having a medial notch), the presence of the intersaccular bridge (similar to Cragia while in Crocosia, the sacculi are separated by the diaphragm), the longer and broader tendon, and the editum lacking the ampulla. The phallus of the new genus lacks the long plate-like carina and has an evenly sclerotised and smooth body with a dorsally oblique distal opening whereas in Crocosia, the phallus has a weakly sclerotised, rugose and expandable distal section with an opening axis perpendicular to the body axis. The vesica of Cragiosia gen. n. is sack-like with several short diverticula and a vesica ejaculatorius originating proximally (similar to Cragia) whereas in Crocosia it bears two large, horn-shaped cornuti and its vesica ejaculatorius originates distally. In the female genitalia, Cragiosia gen. n. (Figs 33 – 35) differs clearly from Crocosia (Figs 30, 31) in the lack of the antevaginal plate, the evenly tubular ductus bursae (it is posteriorly dilated in Crocosia), the elliptical and membranous corpus bursae lacking the diverticula (it is pyriform and posteriorly sclerotised in Crocosia), and the vestigial appendix bursae situated medially whereas it is well-developed, conical, proximally sclerotised and situated postero-laterally in Crocosia.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFB8FF9E79EAFCCE2865E729.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The genus is widespread in rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian Region reaching the western Congo Basin in the east.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFB8FF9E79EAFCCE2865E729.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new genus name is an aggregate of the genus-group names Cragia and Crocosia, and refers to the male genitalia structure of the new genus partly displaying characters of those genera. The gender is feminine. Molecular data. Species of the genus were recovered as monophyletic with intraspecific divergences in the range of 0 – 0.15 % in C. mesosticta and 0 % in C. smithi sp. n. The COI pairwise distance between C. mesosticta and C. smithi sp. n. was 2.35 – 2.51 %.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF9F79EAFE872E2BEA31.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 11, 20, 33, 34)	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF9F79EAFE872E2BEA31.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Figs 8, 33): ♀, “ S. Nigeria. | Ilesha. | L. E. H. Humfrey. | 1911 – 57. ” / “ Ilema | mesosticta | type ♀. Hmpsn. ” / red ring “ Type ” label / “ Arctiidae | genitalia slide | No. 42 ” / QR- code label with unique ID “ NHMUK 010916121 ” (NHMUK). Additional material examined. GABON: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 430 m, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal (secondary forest), 0 ˚ 29 ' 47 '' N, 11 ˚ 10 ' 42 '' E, 28. vii. – 12. viii. 2019, MV, actinic & LepiLED light traps, Albert, J. - L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 7063 ♂; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 185 m, Dilo ANPN camp, Ivindo (secondary forest), 0 ˚ 14 ' 1 '' S, 12 ˚ 17 ' 49 '' E, 14 – 19. viii. 2019, LepiLED and MV light traps, Albert, J. - L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 7064 ♂, AV 7065 ♀ (ANHRT); REPUBLIC OF CONGO, NNNP: 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 372 m, Mbeli camp (Gilbertiodendron forest), 02 ° 14 ' 23.8 '' N, 16 ° 23 ' 52.1 '' E, 1 – 10. x. 2022, MV, LepiLED and actinic light traps, Dérozier, V., Fouka, B., Kirk-Spriggs, A., Takano, H. leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 7062 ♂, AV 8555 ♂; 3 ♂♂, 365 m, Mondika camp, 02 ° 21 ' 50.63 '' N 16 ° 16 ' 25.82 '' E, 07 – 14. ii. 2023, MV and LepiLED light traps, Bakala, N., M., Dérozier, V., Kirk-Spriggs, A., László, G. leg.; 2 ♀♀, 311 m, Mombongo baï (marshland), 02 ° 10 ' 14.4 '' N 16 ° 08 ' 27.9 '' E, 28. vi. 2022, actinic light trap, Dérozier, V., Mékounou, P. leg.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 358 m, Bomassa forest (secondary forest), 02 ° 11 ' 58.1 '' N, 16 ° 11 ' 16.9 '' E, 17 – 23. ix. 2022, LepiLED L. T., Dérozier, V., Fouka, B., Kirk-Spriggs, A., Takano, H. leg.; 2 ♀♀, 380 m, Bomassa (secondary forest), 02 ° 12 ' 25.7 '' N, 16 ° 11 ' 39.1 '' E, 18 – 22. vi. 2022, act. light trap, Dérozier, V. leg.; 1 ♂, 375 m, Mbeli baï (swamp forest), 02 ° 15 ' 30.4 '' N, 16 ° 24 ' 39.5 '' E, 25. vi. 2022, actinic light trap, Dérozier, V. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 8570 ♂ (all in ANHRT).	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF9F79EAFE872E2BEA31.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The forewing length is 10.0 – 11.0 mm in males and 11.5 – 12.5 mm in females. The detailed comparison with the allopatric C. smithi sp. n. is provided below in the diagnosis of the new species.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF9F79EAFE872E2BEA31.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is currently known from Nigeria, Gabon, and Republic of Congo.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF8379EAFA9728CAEEA9.taxon	description	(Figs 12 – 14, 21, 35)	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF8379EAFA9728CAEEA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 12, 21): ♂, “ Liberia 494 m | Nimba County, Nimba Mts, | ENNR, Grassfield FDA Field | Station | 7 ° 29 ' 32.45 '' N, 8 ° 24 ' 54.05 '' W | 22. xi. 2018 Light Trap, Blended | Bulb (250 W) | Sáfian, Sz., Simonics, G. Leg. | ANHRT: 2018.43 ” / unique ID “ ANHRTUK | 00060293 ” / “ Slide | AV 7066 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (ANHRT). Paratypes. LIBERIA: 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, same data as holotype, gen. prep. Nos.: AV 7067 ♀, AV 8565 ♂; 5 ♀♀, 530 m, Lofa County, Foya Proposed Protected Area, 7 ˚ 56 ' 36 '' N, 10 ˚ 16 ' 36 '' W, 10 – 19. xi. 2017, MV light trap (125 w) and 8 w actinic light bucket trap, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., & Smith, L. leg.; 2 ♀♀, 865 m, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts, Ridge camp, 807 ' 10 '' N, 9 ˚ 57 ' 11 '' W, 24 – 29. xi. 2017, light trap (blended bulb 250 w), Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. & Smith, L. leg.; 1 ♀, 611 m, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts, base camp forest, 8 ˚ 07 ' 17 '' N, 9 ˚ 57 ' 42 '' W, 20. xi. – 01. xii. 2017, MV light trap (125 w), Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. & Smith, L. leg.; GUINEA: 1 ♀, 700 m, Guinée Forestiére, Monts Nimba UNESCO World Heritage Site, Serengbara Village to Yie River Valley (lowland forest / farmland), 07 ° 36 ' 56 '' N, 08 ° 26 ' 54 '' W, 1 – 8. vii. 2019, 250 W blended light trap, Dérozier, V., Koivagui, S., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz., Warner, R. leg. (all in ANHRT).	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF8379EAFA9728CAEEA9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The forewing length is 10.0 – 12.0 mm in males and 12.0 – 13.5 mm in females. Cragiosia smithi sp. n. is superficially distinguished from C. mesosticta by the paler, brown forewing ground colour (it varies from dark greyish-brown to blackish-brown in C. mesosticta), and the paler hindwing with slight brown suffusion at the apex and along the outer margin whereas in C. mesosticta, the suffusion is more intense, darker greyish-brown, and occupies the distal third to a half of the hindwing. The male genital capsules of the two species are very similar and display only difference in the valvellae shape, which are proximally broader and distally tapered in the new species whereas in C. mesosticta they are slightly dilated apically. The phalli of C. smithi sp. n. and C. mesosticta are alike. In the vesica, the new species differs from C. mesosticta in the narrower lateral proximal diverticulum, the longer ventral proximal diverticulum, the somewhat shorter and narrower medial diverticulum, and the somewhat longer distal diverticulum. In the female genitalia, C. smithi sp. n. can be easily distinguished from C. mesosticta by the shorter apophysis anterioris, the markedly shorter ductus bursae, and the considerably longer and more elliptical corpus bursae.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF8379EAFA9728CAEEA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The new species is currently known from Liberia and Guinea.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
03BC5D49FFBFFF8379EAFA9728CAEEA9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Mr Richard Smith, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, ANHRT, who, through organising and undertaking numerous entomological expeditions to Sub-Saharan Africa has enabled the discovery of numerous species new to science including the current one. The name is a noun in the genitive case. Acknowledgements The Author expresses his sincere thanks to the following colleagues for their kind assistance during visits to collections under their care: Alberto Zilli and Geoff Martin (NHMUK); and Théo Léger, Wolfram Mey and Viola Richter (MfN). The Author’s special thanks go to Hitoshi Takano (ANHRT) for helpful discussions during the preparation of the manuscript, and Si-yao Huang (Bonn, Germany) for his kind help in searching for literature. The Author is also grateful to the following co-operative partners of ANHRT for the diverse administrative and technical assistance provided. In Guinea, Guineé Ecologie: Mamadou Diawara, Directeur Executif Ministère de l’Environment et aux Eaux et Forêts: Colonel Layaly Camara, Directeur National; Cece Papa Konde, Directeur General; Societe des Mines de Fer de Guineé: Jamison Suter, Manager – Responsibilite Environmentale et Social. The scientific research in Ivory Coast was authorised by the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. The Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR) and the Société de Développement des Forêts (SODEFOR) is thanked for authorising access to protected forests and providing export permits. In Liberia, the following collaborators are thanked: Ms Annika Hiller (Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Liberia) and Mr Jerry Garteh (Society for the Conservation of Nature, Liberia) for their help in organising ground logistics of ANHRT expeditions; Mr Darlington Tuaben, Mr Mike C. Doryen, and Mr Kederick F. Johnson (Forestry Department Authority, Liberia) for issuing research permit. Scientific research in Gabon was authorised by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CENAREST), and collaboration with the Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM). Rougier Gabon is thanked for allowing access to concession forests. In the Republic of Congo, the cooperative partner of ANHRT, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Congo and their employees authorised research in Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park and provided diverse administrative and technical support during the expeditions. The author expresses his gratitude to the following WCS staff: Morgane Cournarie (Program coordinator), Vittoria Estienne (Director of Research and Biomonitoring), Ben Evans (Park Director), Richard Malonga (Director), Onesi Samba (Research Assistant) and Yako Valentin (Administrative Manager). Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala (General Director of IRSEN, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles), Jean Bosco Nganongo (Directeur de la DFAP Direction de la Faune et des aires protégées) and the Ministère de la recherche and scientifique are acknowledged for the seamless collaboration in issuing the necessary research (permit Nos: 051 / MESRSIT / IRSEN / DG / DS, 0107 / ACFAP / DG / DTS) and export permits. The valuable assistance of Victor Mamonekene (Hydrobiologist, Ichthyologist, IRSEN and Marien Ngouabi University) is also highly appreciated. Images of type specimens deposited in NHMUK are used with permission and are copyright of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London and made available under Creative Commons License 4.0, CC-BY (https: // creativecommons. org / licenses / by / 4.0 /). The Author declares that to the best of his knowledge he conforms to the national regulations and meets with the conditions and requirements of international conventions concerning collecting / export and handling of the specimens presented in this Article.	en	Volynkin, Anton V. (2024): On the taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Crocosia Hampson with descriptions of a new genus and a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Ecologica Montenegrina 78: 47-64, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.78.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.78.6
