identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BD5C07FFECFFA6FE0BCB434DB8FAA2.text	03BD5C07FFECFFA6FE0BCB434DB8FAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnus spinifer H. Milne Edwards 1834	<div><p>Pilumnus spinifer H. Milne Edwards, 1834</p> <p>(Figures 1–17)</p> <p>Gourret 1884, p. 17, Plate 2, Figures 8–11, zoea I.</p> <p>First zoea</p> <p>Size. RDL: 0.87–0.90 mm; CL: 0.50–0.55 mm; CW: 0.50–0.57 mm.</p> <p>Carapace (Figure 1A, B). Globose, smooth, without tubercles. Dorsal spine present, welldeveloped, markedly curved posteriorly, with sparsely minute protuberances (Figure 1A 1). Rostral spine smooth, thin and shorter than dorsal spine, longer than antennule (excluded aesthetascs) and shorter than antenna (Figure 1B). A single thin and short lateral spine. A pair of simple setae on posterodorsal region. Posterior and ventral margin without setae. Posterolateral margin of carapace with numerous acute small spines (Figure 1A 2). Eyes sessile.</p> <p>Antennule (Figure 3A). Uniramous. Endopod absent. Exopod unsegmented with four terminal aesthetascs and one terminal minute seta.</p> <p>Antenna (Figure 4A). Longer than rostral spine. Protopodal process and exopod approximately equal in length. Protopodal process with two rows of spines of different size along distal half. Exopod unsegmented with one long and one smaller seta arising near mid-length and two rows of spines of different size along distal half. Endopod absent.</p> <p>Mandible. Incisor and molar processes differentiated. Endopod palp absent. Maxillule (Figure 6A). Exopod and epipod seta absent. Coxal endite with seven setae. Basial endite with five setae. Endopod two-segmented, with one seta on proximal segment and six setae on distal segment (arranged as 2 + 2 + 2).</p> <p>Maxilla (Figure 7A). Coxal endite bilobed, with 5 + 4 setae. Basial endite bilobed with 5 + 4 setae. Endopod unsegmented, bilobed, with three long setae on proximal and five (two subterminal and three terminal) on distal lobe. Scaphognathite (exopod) with four plumose marginal setae and a long distal stout process.</p> <p>First maxilliped (Figure 9A). Coxa without seta. Basis with 10 medial setae arranged 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 on inner side. Endopod five-segmented, with 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 (one subterminal and four terminal) setae. Exopod two-segmented; distal segment with four long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Second maxilliped (Figure 10A). Coxa without setae. Basis with four medial setae arranged 1 + 1 + 1 + 1. Endopod three-segmented, with 1, 1, 6 setae. Exopod two-segmented; distal segment with four long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Third maxilliped. Present as bilobed small bud.</p> <p>First pereiopod. Present as small bud.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figures 14A, B, 15A). Five somites. Somites 2 and 3 with one pair of dorsolateral processes. Dorsolateral process on somite 2 stout and blunt, with tip directed anteriorly; process on somite 3 sharp, with posteriorly pointed tip, with relative size decreasing throughout the stages. Somites 3–5 with short posterolateral processes. Somites 2–5 with one pair of posterodorsal simple setae. Posterior margin of somites 2–5 spinulate.</p> <p>Pleopods. Pleopod buds absent.</p> <p>Telson (Figures 14A, C, 15A). With two lateral spines (one large and one very small), and one dorsomedial spine. Furca large, with a medial V-shaped cleft on posterior margin; with three pairs of serrate setae on posterior margin. Furca and large lateral spine strongly spinulated. F/OLS53.3; F/DS56.8; F/OLM518.8.</p> <p>Second zoea</p> <p>Size. RDL: 1.05–1.07 mm; CL: 0.67–0.7 mm; CW: 0.62–0.65 mm.</p> <p>Carapace (Figure 1C). Two pairs of anterodorsal setae. Each lateroventral margin with three setae. Eyes stalked.</p> <p>Antennule (Figure 3B). Exopod with five aesthetascs and one minute seta. Antenna (Figure 4B). Endopod bud present.</p> <p>Mandible. Unchanged.</p> <p>Maxillule (Figure 6B). Basial endite with eight (1 + 7) setae. Exopod plumose seta and epipod seta present.</p> <p>Maxilla (Figure 7B). Basial endite with 6 + 5 setae. Scaphognathite with 10–11 plumose marginal setae, and without the long setose posterior process present in zoea I.</p> <p>First maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with six long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Second maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with six long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Third maxilliped. Biramous.</p> <p>Pereiopods (Figure 12A). All present, unsegmented. First pereiopod distally bilobed.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figures 14D, 15B). First somite with two long mid-dorsal setae.</p> <p>Pleopods. Absent.</p> <p>Telson (Figures 14D, 15B). F/OLS53.1; F/DS59.7; F/OLM546.5.</p> <p>Third zoea</p> <p>Size. RDL: 1.25–1.30 mm; CL: 0.75–0.76 mm; CW: 0.70–0.72 mm.</p> <p>Carapace (Figure 1D). Two pairs of anterodorsal setae. Dorsal spine with two pairs of setae. Each lateroventral margin with six setae.</p> <p>Antennule (Figure 3C). Small endopod bud present. Exopod with one additional subterminal aesthetasc.</p> <p>Antenna (Figure 4C). Endopod bud elongated, approximately half the length of exopod.</p> <p>Mandible. Unchanged.</p> <p>Maxillule (Figure 6C). Basial endite with nine (1 + 8) setae.</p> <p>Maxilla (Figure 7C). Basial endite with 6 + 6 setae. Scaphognathite with 18 plumose marginal setae.</p> <p>First maxilliped (Figure 9B). Endopod distal segment with six setae. Exopod distal segment with eight long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Second maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with eight long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Third maxilliped (Figure 11A). Biramous, unsegmented; epipod present, rudimentary.</p> <p>Pereiopods (Figure 12B). Unsegmented. Chelipeds bilobed, extending beneath carapace.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figures 14E, 15C). Somite 6 now present, without setae. First somite with four dorsomedial setae and one medial posterodorsal seta.</p> <p>Pleopods (Figure 15C). Present as buds on somites 2–5, endopods absent.</p> <p>Telson (Figures 14E, 15C). F/OLS52.8; F/DS512.5; F/OLM553.5.</p> <p>Fourth zoea</p> <p>Size. RDL: 1.45–1.47 mm; CL: 0.87–0.90 mm; CW: 0.80–0.82 mm.</p> <p>Carapace (Figure 2A, B). Three pairs of anterodorsal setae. Dorsal spine with three pairs of setae. Each lateroventral margin with nine setae.</p> <p>Antennule (Figure 3D). Biramous, endopod bud developed without setae. Exopod with proximal minute seta, and five (1 + 4) subterminal and five terminal aesthetascs.</p> <p>Antenna (Figure 4D). Endopod approximately three-quarters length of exopod, extending beyond the exopod setae.</p> <p>Mandible (Figure 5A). Palp bud present.</p> <p>Maxillule (Figure 6D). Coxal endite with eight to nine setae. Basial endite with 10–11 setae.</p> <p>Maxilla (Figure 7D). Scaphognathite with 21–22 plumose marginal setae.</p> <p>First maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with 10 long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Second maxilliped (Figure 10B). Exopod distal segment with 10 long plumose natatory setae.</p> <p>Third maxilliped (Figure 11B). Endopod and exopod slightly segmented.</p> <p>Pereiopods (Figure 12C). Incipient segmentation.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figures 14F, 16A). Unchanged.</p> <p>Pleopods (Figure 16A). Pleopod buds elongated, endopods present.</p> <p>Telson (Figures 14F, G, 16A). With two dorsal setae. F/OLS52.8; F/DS514.2; F/ OLM564.</p> <p>Megalopa</p> <p>Size. CL: 1.20–1.25 mm; CW: 0.85–0.87 mm.</p> <p>Carapace (Figure 2C, D). Longer than broad. Rostrum deflected obliquely downwards; frontal region moderately broadened with margins expanded and slightly acute. Without spines or tubercles. Setal arrangement as figured.</p> <p>Antennule (Figure 3E). Peduncle three-segmented, with 4, 2, 0 setae, respectively. Endopod unsegmented with two subterminal and four terminal setae. Exopod four-segmented, with 0, 6–7, 6, 4 aesthetascs and 0, 0, 3, 2 (one subterminal and one terminal) setae.</p> <p>Antenna (Figure 4E). Peduncle three-segmented, with 2, 1, 1–2 setae. Flagellum sevensegmented, with 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 3, 4 setae.</p> <p>Mandible (Figure 5B). Palp two-segmented, with seven setae on distal segment.</p> <p>Maxillule (Figure 6E). Coxal endite with 14 setae. Basial endite with 18 (16 + 2) setae. Endopod three-segmented, with 1, 1, 3 setae.</p> <p>Maxilla (Figure 8). Coxal endite bilobed, with 8 + 4 setae. Basial endite bilobed with 7 + 7– 8 setae. Endopod unsegmented, with two setae on outer basal margin. Scaphognathite with 38–39 plumose marginal setae and four lateral setae.</p> <p>First maxilliped (Figure 9C). Epipod with five long setae. Coxal endite with seven to eight setae. Basial endite with 14 setae. Endopod unsegmented with two subterminal and two terminal setae. Exopod three-segmented, proximal segment with two distal setae, distal segment with five long terminal plumose setae.</p> <p>Second maxilliped (Figure 10C). Epipod rudimentary. Coxa and basis not differentiated, with one seta. Endopod four-segmented with 2, 1–2, 5, 7 setae. Exopod three-segmented; proximal segment with one medial seta, distal segment with five terminal plumose setae.</p> <p>Third maxilliped (Figure 11C). Epipod with 13 setae (five pappose setae + eight long simple setae). Coxa with 14 setae. Basis with four setae. Endopod five-segmented, with 12–14, 10, 6, 10, 6 setae. Exopod two-segmented; proximal segment with one seta and distal segment with three to four long terminal plumose setae.</p> <p>Pereiopods (Figure 13A–H). All articles well differentiated. Pereiopod 1 (cheliped) without coxal spine, with two ischial spines (one minute) and one meral spine (Figure 13A); pereiopods 2–3 with one coxal and one ischial spine (Figure 13 B, C); pereiopod 4 with one coxal spine (Figure 13D). Dactylus of pereiopods 2–4 with three strong serrated spines (Figure 13B–D, F, G) on inner margin. Dactylus of pereiopod 5 with two long subterminal setae of diferent size (Figure 13H). Setation as figured.</p> <p>Sternum (Figure 13I). Maxillipeds and cheliped sternites fused with six setae plus one pair of small processes. All sternal sutures are interrupted medially.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figures 14H, 16B). Six somites present; somite 1 with 12 setae; somite 2 with 10 setae; somites 3 and 4 with 12 setae; somite 5 with 14 setae; somite 6 with four setae. Posterolateral processes of somites 3–5 acute; processes of somite 5 overlapping with somite 6.</p> <p>Pleopods (Figure 17A, B). Somites 2–5 each with one pair of biramous pleopods. Endopod unsegmented with 3, 2, 2, 2 subterminal hooks on internal margin; exopod unsegmented with 13, 13, 12, 10 long marginal plumose natatory setae, respectively, for each pair of pleopods.</p> <p>Uropods (Figure 17C). Uropods two-segmented on somite 6, proximal segment with one, and distal segment with six long plumose setae.</p> <p>Telson (Figures 14H, 16B). Posterior margin rounded, with two dorsal and two ventral setae.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD5C07FFECFFA6FE0BCB434DB8FAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Guerao, Guillermo;Abelló, Pere;Díaz, David	Guerao, Guillermo, Abelló, Pere, Díaz, David (2005): The complete larval development of the crab Pilumnus spinifer (Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Pilumnidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Natural History 39 (35): 3187-3216, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500256235, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500256235
