taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BD5C07FFECFFA6FE0BCB434DB8FAA2.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 17) Gourret 1884, p. 17, Plate 2, Figures 8 – 11, zoea I. First zoea Size. RDL: 0.87 – 0.90 mm; CL: 0.50 – 0.55 mm; CW: 0.50 – 0.57 mm. Carapace (Figure 1 A, B). Globose, smooth, without tubercles. Dorsal spine present, welldeveloped, markedly curved posteriorly, with sparsely minute protuberances (Figure 1 A 1). Rostral spine smooth, thin and shorter than dorsal spine, longer than antennule (excluded aesthetascs) and shorter than antenna (Figure 1 B). A single thin and short lateral spine. A pair of simple setae on posterodorsal region. Posterior and ventral margin without setae. Posterolateral margin of carapace with numerous acute small spines (Figure 1 A 2). Eyes sessile. Antennule (Figure 3 A). Uniramous. Endopod absent. Exopod unsegmented with four terminal aesthetascs and one terminal minute seta. Antenna (Figure 4 A). Longer than rostral spine. Protopodal process and exopod approximately equal in length. Protopodal process with two rows of spines of different size along distal half. Exopod unsegmented with one long and one smaller seta arising near mid-length and two rows of spines of different size along distal half. Endopod absent. Mandible. Incisor and molar processes differentiated. Endopod palp absent. Maxillule (Figure 6 A). Exopod and epipod seta absent. Coxal endite with seven setae. Basial endite with five setae. Endopod two-segmented, with one seta on proximal segment and six setae on distal segment (arranged as 2 + 2 + 2). Maxilla (Figure 7 A). Coxal endite bilobed, with 5 + 4 setae. Basial endite bilobed with 5 + 4 setae. Endopod unsegmented, bilobed, with three long setae on proximal and five (two subterminal and three terminal) on distal lobe. Scaphognathite (exopod) with four plumose marginal setae and a long distal stout process. First maxilliped (Figure 9 A). Coxa without seta. Basis with 10 medial setae arranged 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 on inner side. Endopod five-segmented, with 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 (one subterminal and four terminal) setae. Exopod two-segmented; distal segment with four long plumose natatory setae. Second maxilliped (Figure 10 A). Coxa without setae. Basis with four medial setae arranged 1 + 1 + 1 + 1. Endopod three-segmented, with 1, 1, 6 setae. Exopod two-segmented; distal segment with four long plumose natatory setae. Third maxilliped. Present as bilobed small bud. First pereiopod. Present as small bud. Abdomen (Figures 14 A, B, 15 A). Five somites. Somites 2 and 3 with one pair of dorsolateral processes. Dorsolateral process on somite 2 stout and blunt, with tip directed anteriorly; process on somite 3 sharp, with posteriorly pointed tip, with relative size decreasing throughout the stages. Somites 3 – 5 with short posterolateral processes. Somites 2 – 5 with one pair of posterodorsal simple setae. Posterior margin of somites 2 – 5 spinulate. Pleopods. Pleopod buds absent. Telson (Figures 14 A, C, 15 A). With two lateral spines (one large and one very small), and one dorsomedial spine. Furca large, with a medial V-shaped cleft on posterior margin; with three pairs of serrate setae on posterior margin. Furca and large lateral spine strongly spinulated. F / OLS 53.3; F / DS 56.8; F / OLM 518.8. Second zoea Size. RDL: 1.05 – 1.07 mm; CL: 0.67 – 0.7 mm; CW: 0.62 – 0.65 mm. Carapace (Figure 1 C). Two pairs of anterodorsal setae. Each lateroventral margin with three setae. Eyes stalked. Antennule (Figure 3 B). Exopod with five aesthetascs and one minute seta. Antenna (Figure 4 B). Endopod bud present. Mandible. Unchanged. Maxillule (Figure 6 B). Basial endite with eight (1 + 7) setae. Exopod plumose seta and epipod seta present. Maxilla (Figure 7 B). Basial endite with 6 + 5 setae. Scaphognathite with 10 – 11 plumose marginal setae, and without the long setose posterior process present in zoea I. First maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with six long plumose natatory setae. Second maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with six long plumose natatory setae. Third maxilliped. Biramous. Pereiopods (Figure 12 A). All present, unsegmented. First pereiopod distally bilobed. Abdomen (Figures 14 D, 15 B). First somite with two long mid-dorsal setae. Pleopods. Absent. Telson (Figures 14 D, 15 B). F / OLS 53.1; F / DS 59.7; F / OLM 546.5. Third zoea Size. RDL: 1.25 – 1.30 mm; CL: 0.75 – 0.76 mm; CW: 0.70 – 0.72 mm. Carapace (Figure 1 D). Two pairs of anterodorsal setae. Dorsal spine with two pairs of setae. Each lateroventral margin with six setae. Antennule (Figure 3 C). Small endopod bud present. Exopod with one additional subterminal aesthetasc. Antenna (Figure 4 C). Endopod bud elongated, approximately half the length of exopod. Mandible. Unchanged. Maxillule (Figure 6 C). Basial endite with nine (1 + 8) setae. Maxilla (Figure 7 C). Basial endite with 6 + 6 setae. Scaphognathite with 18 plumose marginal setae. First maxilliped (Figure 9 B). Endopod distal segment with six setae. Exopod distal segment with eight long plumose natatory setae. Second maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with eight long plumose natatory setae. Third maxilliped (Figure 11 A). Biramous, unsegmented; epipod present, rudimentary. Pereiopods (Figure 12 B). Unsegmented. Chelipeds bilobed, extending beneath carapace. Abdomen (Figures 14 E, 15 C). Somite 6 now present, without setae. First somite with four dorsomedial setae and one medial posterodorsal seta. Pleopods (Figure 15 C). Present as buds on somites 2 – 5, endopods absent. Telson (Figures 14 E, 15 C). F / OLS 52.8; F / DS 512.5; F / OLM 553.5. Fourth zoea Size. RDL: 1.45 – 1.47 mm; CL: 0.87 – 0.90 mm; CW: 0.80 – 0.82 mm. Carapace (Figure 2 A, B). Three pairs of anterodorsal setae. Dorsal spine with three pairs of setae. Each lateroventral margin with nine setae. Antennule (Figure 3 D). Biramous, endopod bud developed without setae. Exopod with proximal minute seta, and five (1 + 4) subterminal and five terminal aesthetascs. Antenna (Figure 4 D). Endopod approximately three-quarters length of exopod, extending beyond the exopod setae. Mandible (Figure 5 A). Palp bud present. Maxillule (Figure 6 D). Coxal endite with eight to nine setae. Basial endite with 10 – 11 setae. Maxilla (Figure 7 D). Scaphognathite with 21 – 22 plumose marginal setae. First maxilliped. Exopod distal segment with 10 long plumose natatory setae. Second maxilliped (Figure 10 B). Exopod distal segment with 10 long plumose natatory setae. Third maxilliped (Figure 11 B). Endopod and exopod slightly segmented. Pereiopods (Figure 12 C). Incipient segmentation. Abdomen (Figures 14 F, 16 A). Unchanged. Pleopods (Figure 16 A). Pleopod buds elongated, endopods present. Telson (Figures 14 F, G, 16 A). With two dorsal setae. F / OLS 52.8; F / DS 514.2; F / OLM 564. Megalopa Size. CL: 1.20 – 1.25 mm; CW: 0.85 – 0.87 mm. Carapace (Figure 2 C, D). Longer than broad. Rostrum deflected obliquely downwards; frontal region moderately broadened with margins expanded and slightly acute. Without spines or tubercles. Setal arrangement as figured. Antennule (Figure 3 E). Peduncle three-segmented, with 4, 2, 0 setae, respectively. Endopod unsegmented with two subterminal and four terminal setae. Exopod four-segmented, with 0, 6 – 7, 6, 4 aesthetascs and 0, 0, 3, 2 (one subterminal and one terminal) setae. Antenna (Figure 4 E). Peduncle three-segmented, with 2, 1, 1 – 2 setae. Flagellum sevensegmented, with 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 3, 4 setae. Mandible (Figure 5 B). Palp two-segmented, with seven setae on distal segment. Maxillule (Figure 6 E). Coxal endite with 14 setae. Basial endite with 18 (16 + 2) setae. Endopod three-segmented, with 1, 1, 3 setae. Maxilla (Figure 8). Coxal endite bilobed, with 8 + 4 setae. Basial endite bilobed with 7 + 7 – 8 setae. Endopod unsegmented, with two setae on outer basal margin. Scaphognathite with 38 – 39 plumose marginal setae and four lateral setae. First maxilliped (Figure 9 C). Epipod with five long setae. Coxal endite with seven to eight setae. Basial endite with 14 setae. Endopod unsegmented with two subterminal and two terminal setae. Exopod three-segmented, proximal segment with two distal setae, distal segment with five long terminal plumose setae. Second maxilliped (Figure 10 C). Epipod rudimentary. Coxa and basis not differentiated, with one seta. Endopod four-segmented with 2, 1 – 2, 5, 7 setae. Exopod three-segmented; proximal segment with one medial seta, distal segment with five terminal plumose setae. Third maxilliped (Figure 11 C). Epipod with 13 setae (five pappose setae + eight long simple setae). Coxa with 14 setae. Basis with four setae. Endopod five-segmented, with 12 – 14, 10, 6, 10, 6 setae. Exopod two-segmented; proximal segment with one seta and distal segment with three to four long terminal plumose setae. Pereiopods (Figure 13 A – H). All articles well differentiated. Pereiopod 1 (cheliped) without coxal spine, with two ischial spines (one minute) and one meral spine (Figure 13 A); pereiopods 2 – 3 with one coxal and one ischial spine (Figure 13 B, C); pereiopod 4 with one coxal spine (Figure 13 D). Dactylus of pereiopods 2 – 4 with three strong serrated spines (Figure 13 B – D, F, G) on inner margin. Dactylus of pereiopod 5 with two long subterminal setae of diferent size (Figure 13 H). Setation as figured. Sternum (Figure 13 I). Maxillipeds and cheliped sternites fused with six setae plus one pair of small processes. All sternal sutures are interrupted medially. Abdomen (Figures 14 H, 16 B). Six somites present; somite 1 with 12 setae; somite 2 with 10 setae; somites 3 and 4 with 12 setae; somite 5 with 14 setae; somite 6 with four setae. Posterolateral processes of somites 3 – 5 acute; processes of somite 5 overlapping with somite 6. Pleopods (Figure 17 A, B). Somites 2 – 5 each with one pair of biramous pleopods. Endopod unsegmented with 3, 2, 2, 2 subterminal hooks on internal margin; exopod unsegmented with 13, 13, 12, 10 long marginal plumose natatory setae, respectively, for each pair of pleopods. Uropods (Figure 17 C). Uropods two-segmented on somite 6, proximal segment with one, and distal segment with six long plumose setae. Telson (Figures 14 H, 16 B). Posterior margin rounded, with two dorsal and two ventral setae.	en	Guerao, Guillermo, Abelló, Pere, Díaz, David (2005): The complete larval development of the crab Pilumnus spinifer (Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Pilumnidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Natural History 39 (35): 3187-3216, DOI: 10.1080/00222930500256235, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500256235
