taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BA87A7FFB7FFABFF05FC65E7EEFE72.taxon	description	(Fig. 25 � 26, 41)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB7FFABFF05FC65E7EEFE72.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Like A. cingulatus, and unlike other American Ancistrocerus, by having the punctation fine on the humeri and scutum, and nearly absent on metasoma; the metasomal pubescence is very reduced; the humeral angles are blunt; and the second metasomal sternum has a short longtitudinal basomedian furrow. The two species are separated by metasomal terga I-II shiny, with superficial punctures, ap � pearing almost impunctate in A. isla n. sp., while metasomal terga I-II are dull, with fine punctation in A. cingulatus. The transverse carina on the first metasomal tergum is blunt and thick in A. isla n. sp. (Fig. 26), while it is sharp and thin in A. cingulatus.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB7FFABFF05FC65E7EEFE72.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Female: holotype forewing length 9.6 mm. Structure � clypeus shallowly emarginate api � cally; vertex lacking tubercles; tempora not projecting; gena narrower than eye below emargination; pronotal carina absent; humeral angles blunt; humeri and scutum with punctation fine; scutum slightly longer than wide, not noticeably flattened posteriorly; notauli obliterated anteriorly; parategula narrow, weakly hooked; propodeum with lateral angles weakly pointed and concavity enclosed by low carinae, sides and concavity punctate; metasomal tergum I with transverse carina blunt, thick, well developed dorsally, tergum I crenate behind carina; terga I-II shiny, with superficial punctures, appearing almost impunctate, tergum II crenate basally, with few, sparse, superficial punctures apically; terga II-III not reflexed apically; metasomal sternum II lacking basomedian furrow, in lateral view evenly convex posterior to transverse furrow, with short longtitudinal basomedian furrow. Color � black; yellow are most of clypeus except for rim, interantennal spot, antenna internally and most of base of scape, small spot on tempora, pronotum dorsally, parategula, tegula anteriorly and posteriorly, large mesepisternal spot dorsally, most of scutellum and metanotum, femora apically and most of tibiae, most of dorsal surface of metasomal tergum I, apical fascia on tergum and sternum II; wings hyaline, forewing narrowly infuscate anteriorly, veins and pterostigma brown. Vestiture � abundant setae on head and mesosoma, longer than an ocellus diameter; reduced, sparse setae on metasoma. Male: unknown.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB7FFABFF05FC65E7EEFE72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Puerto Rico. The holotype and one paratype were collected in a trap (for fruit flies?), while the label of the other paratypes, Río Abajo, could refer to a number of places in Puerto Rico.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB7FFABFF05FC65E7EEFE72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. ♀ holotype Puerto Rico: Mayaguez, trap, 17 May 1937, San Juan No 6860, Lot no. 37 - 16754 [deposited in USNM]. Paratypes: ♀ same label data [AMNH]; 3 ♀♀ Río Abajo, 3 June 1985 (J. Torres), # 67 [LACM].	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB7FFABFF05FC65E7EEFE72.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. From the Spanish word for island, to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFABFF05FCA4E73BFB12.taxon	description	� Ashmead 1900: 312. � van der Vecht 1977: 238, 242 (syn. of E. apicalis (Cresson )). Rygchium sp.; Ramos 1946: 68. � Wolcott 1951: 862. Euodynerus apicalis; Alayo 1971: 25. � Torres and Snelling 1992: 93. This species was described from Cuba, and has been recorded only from Mona in Greater Puerto Rico. We have not verified the identification of the Mona specimens.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	description	(Fig. 42)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. In the nominotypical subgenus. Distinguished from the three other species in the Antil � les by the punctation of the second metasomal tergum, which is present only apically, and sparser, with many punctures separated by more than a puncture diameter. In E. apicalis, E. haitiensis, and E. jimcarpenteri Genaro the second metasomal tergum is punctate throughout (in E. haitiensis it is superficial on the disc of the tergum), and it is denser apically, with many punctures separated by less than a puncture diameter.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Female: holotype forewing length 12.3 mm. Structure � clypeus about as long as wide, trun � cate apically, punctate throughout, punctures medially slightly larger than those of eye emarginations; vertex densely punctate with many small punctures, not tuberculate; cephalic foveae distinct, in narrow pit; tempora rounded, not produced; mesosoma densely punctate, metapleuron smooth, posterior face of propodeum striate; humeri not prominent; tegula short, posterior outer margin prominent, posterior lobe not distinct; parategula small, straight; scutellum not bituberculate; metanotum transversely ir � regularly cristate; lateral angles of propodeum rounded, not dentiform, not carinate nor raised above, not crenulate below; all metasomal terga flat, without swellings, not reflexed or membranous apically; first metasomal tergum impunctate, with narrow hyaline border apically, in lateral view evenly curved; second metasomal tergum punctate only apically, with punctures small and many separated by more than a puncture diameter, not in depressed apical zone; second metasomal sternum with distinct lon � gitudinal basomedian sulcus, in lateral view smoothly curved basally. Color � black with yellow markings; yellow are clypeus except for medial stripe, interantennal spot, most of eye emargination, most of gena, basal spot on mandible, anterior margin of pronotum broadly and posterior margin narrowly, pretegular carina, two longitudinal stripes on scutum, converging pos � teriorly, tegula largely, parategula, two spots on mesepisternum, two broad spots on scutellum, most of metanotum, lateral angles of propodeum, broad apical bands on metasomal terga I � II and sternum II, narrow bands on tergum III and sterna I and III, anterior face of coxae, apical spots on fore � and midfemora, outer face of tibiae; reddish are most of scape and pedicel, most of mandible, apical two metasomal segments, fourth metasomal sternum and tergum in part, forefemur and midfemur in part, inner face of tibiae, tarsi; forewing somewhat infuscate, yellowish anteriorly, anterior veins and pterostigma yellowish brown, other veins darker brown. Vestiture � cephalic foveae without prominent tufts; with short brownish setae on mesosoma and posteriorly on metasoma; longer on head; hairs on scutellum about as long as ocellar diameter; meta � somal terga I � II with dense tomentum only on disc. Male: last antennal article narrowly fingerlike; clypeal punctation superficial; subapical tooth of mandible only slightly larger than basal teeth; midfemur not depressed beneath basally; clypeus yel � low, scutum lacking the stripes found in the female; hindtarsus with last tarsomere not much darker than preceding segments.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	discussion	REMARKS. The holotype has the metasoma detached and glued to the date � locality label.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Mona Island and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic).	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. ♀ holotype Hispaniola, Dominican Republic: Puesto Escondido, Sierra de Bahoruco, Nov. 2008 (J. A. Genaro) [deposited in AMNH]. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂ same label data as holotype [AMNH, JAGA]; 2 ♂♂ Mona Island, Puerto Rico: Punta Caigo o no Caigo, 22 Nov. 2007 (J. A. Genaro) [AMNH]; 3 ♂♂ Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico: Camino del Uvero, 23 Nov. 2007 (J. A. Genaro) [AMNH]; ♂ Mona Island (PR): near Playa Pájaros, general collecting, 18 ° 03 ’ 52 ” N 67 ° 52 ’ 06 ” W, 18 May 2008, 30 m (N. Franz) [UPRM]. One of the male paratypes from the Dominican Republic has an additional label “ 101 � DR / barcoding ”. Its DNA sequence, under the name Euodynerus haitiensis, is in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) database. BOLD is an online workbench that aids collection, management, analysis, and use of DNA barcodes.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB8FFAAFF05FB24E72CFB6E.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. Formed from two Taino words; jeiti meaning black and ita meaning red, referring to the metasomal colors (Fig. 42), and to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFB9FFA9FF05F969E6B1FF6E.taxon	description	American. Just one species has been previously described from the Antilles, O. lacerum Giordani Soika from Santo Domingo (Giordani Soika 1978). We have seen the holotype of O. lacerum in the MNHN, and it has metasomal terga I � II strongly punctate, whereas the new species has these terga smooth.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBAFFA8FF05FEA9E2E4FCAC.taxon	description	(Fig. 43, 44 A � H)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBAFFA8FF05FEA9E2E4FCAC.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The new species fails at couplet 29 of Giordani Soika’s (1978) key, coming closest to O. procellosum (Zavattari), which is known from Colombia and Venezuela. The male has the last anten � nal article robust, with the apex reaching base of article 11 when folded, as in O. procellosum, not as in O. furiosum Giordani Soika, which keys as the alternative. The female has the clypeus moderately emarginate, with the emargination deeper than in O. procellosum, however it is not as broad as the width of the interantennal space. The emargination in O. furiosum is shallower than in O. procellosum.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBAFFA8FF05FEA9E2E4FCAC.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Female: holotype forewing length 7 mm. Structure � punctation of frons and mesosoma dense; vertex and tempora smooth; clypeus about as long as wide, moderately emarginate, with punc � tures small, superficial, sparse; pronotum with punctation largely absent just behind carina; scutum and lower part of mesepisternum regularly convex, with punctation uniform; scutellum weakly convex, with median impressed longitudinal line, coarsely punctate; metanotum with punctation more superfi � cial than that of scutellum; metasomal terga I � II and sternum II smooth, shiny, with small, scattered, nearly invisible punctures; tergum I narrow, more than three times as long as wide apically; tergum II conspicuously convex. Color � black with yellow and reddish markings; yellow are two obscure spots dorsally on clypeus, interanntennal spot, spots in ocular emarginations, tempora, anterior and posterior borders of pronotum, dorsal spots on mesepisternum, parategula, anterior border of scutellum, metanotum, propodeum later � ally, apical fascia on metasomal terga I � II and partly developed on sternum II; pronotum, mesepister � num and propodeum tinged with reddish, tergum and sternum I extensively reddish; scape, pedicel and base of flagellum reddish brown; mandibles dark reddish brown apically; legs and metasoma becoming brownish apically; tegula brown; wings hyaline, forewing infuscate anteriorly, veins and pterostigma dark brown (Fig. 43). Vestiture � short, silvery setae, longer on propodeum, dense tomentum dorsolaterally on clypeus, frons, gena, mespisternum and coxae, sparser tomentum on metasoma. Male: last antennal article large, thick, not strongly arcuate, apex sharply pointed ventrally, reach � ing base of article 11 when antennal hook folded; clypeus yellow along dorsal margin. Variation: many females have the clypeus entirely black, without yellow spots. Some of them have most of the clypeus covered with dense tomentum, indicating that the holotype has the clypeus rubbed. Some males have yellow spots on the femora and tibia.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBAFFA8FF05FEA9E2E4FCAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Known only from Puerto Rico, occurring in the arid areas of the south.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBAFFA8FF05FEA9E2E4FCAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. ♀ holotype Puerto Rico: Boquerón, 18 ° 02 ’ 09 ” N 67 ° 10 ’ 31 ” W, 28 Nov. 2008, 12 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson) [deposited in AMNH]. Paratypes: ♀ ♂ paratypes same label data; 5 ♀♀ 6 ♂♂ Guayanilla, Ventana, 6 Aug. 2005 (J. A. Genaro); 3 ♀♀ 3 ♂♂ same locality, Aug. 2005 (J. A. Genaro and A. Pérez-Asso); ♂ same locality, 7 June 2007 (Amador López); ♀ same locality, 10 Nov. 2007 (J. A. Genaro); ♀ ♂ Ponce, Central Mercedita, 6 Aug. 2005 (J. A. Genaro); ♀ Ponce, Guayanilla, May 2006 (J. A. Genaro); ♀ Coto Laurel, Real Anan, Carretera 511 Km 9.5, Ponce, May 2008 (J. A. Genaro); 2 ♂ Boquerón, near Punta Melones, 1 Nov. 2008 (J. A. Genaro); 2 ♀♀ 13 ♂♂ Guánica, Rta. 333, 17 ° 56 ’ 55 ” N 66 ° 52 ’ 36 ” W, 22 - 28 Nov. 2008, 50 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson); 6 ♀♀ 9 ♂♂ La Parguera, 17 ° 58 ’ 41 ” N 67 ° 03 ’ 06 ” W, 24 Nov. 2008, 17 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson); 2 ♂♂ Guayanilla, Boca, 17 ° 58 ’ 00 ” N 66 ° 48 ’ 34 ” W, 25 Nov. 2008, 1 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson); ♀ 6 ♂♂ Peñones de Melones, 18 ° 00 ’ 06 ” N 67 ° 11 ’ 25 ” W, 29 Nov. 2008, 31 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson); 4 ♀♀ 6 ♂♂ El Combate, Rta. 330, 17 ° 58 ’ 46 ” N 67 ° 11 ’ 37 ” W, 29 Nov. 2008, 5 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson); ♂ Rta. 511 N Coto Laurel, 18 ° 06 ’ 49 ” N 66 ° 34 ’ 37 ” W, 2 Dec. 2008, 237 m (J. Carpenter & A. Davidson) [all AMNH]. Additional specimens, not paratypes: Guayanilla, Loma Ventana, 23 Apr. 2008 (J. A. Genaro) [JAGA]; ♀ Campo Santiago, Salinas, Aug. 2010 (A. Sánchez) [JAGA]; ♀ La Rita, Ponce, Nov. 2010 (J. A. Genaro) [JAGA]; ♀ ♂ Lajas, laguna de Cartajena, 18 ° 0040.28 ’’ N 67 ° 06 ’ 10.23 ’’ W, 10 m (Biol. 4446 SN and N. Franz) [UPRM].	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBAFFA8FF05FEA9E2E4FCAC.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. From the Spanish word for arid, dry. NESTING BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY. Observations on nesting behavior were made in Ventana, Guayanilla (23 Apr. 2008; 24 Jan. 2009, 23 Feb. 2009); Real Anón, Coto Laurel, Ponce (5 Sept. 2010) and La Rita, Ponce (25 Nov. 2010). The species was observed commonly in dry areas (Fig. 44 A and B). Females constructed the nests between 18 � 63 cm above ground, consisting of one to three cells (Fig. 44 C, E � H). Nests were attached to plant stems (Fig. 44 F), concealed among spines of the cactus Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles and Rowley (Fig. 44 E), or in altered habitats including the screen of a greenhouse (Fig. 44 G) and a PVC plastic tube for water consumption (Fig. 44 H). One columnar cactus had 13 nests attached to its spines. All cells were pear � shaped, and lacked partitions. Females provisioned with Microlepidoptera larvae (Fig. 44 D). Open cells contained prey and small larvae, while closed cells contained pupae. One nest contained a small wasp larva and eight larvae belonging to two unidentified Microlepidoptera species (mean length = 3.80 mm; SD = 0.64; range: 3.00 � 4.10 mm). Some prey showed slight movements. Dimensions of 14 nests: length, 6.90 � 8.92 mm (x = 7.51 mm, SD = 0.62); greatest width, 4.31 � 5.0 mm (x = 4.80 mm, SD = 0.27).	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBBFFA8FF05FB2AE7CCF88C.taxon	description	(Fig. 45)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBCFFAFFF05FF4AE2C9FDAC.taxon	description	Alsina 1998: 3, 53 (syn. of P cinerascens (Fabricius). Odynerus cinerascens; Zavattari 1912: 221, fig. 53 (in subgenus Pachodynerus). Pachodynerus cinerascens; Bequaert 1929: 558. � Beatty 1944: 171 (Pachodyneurus [!]). � Miskimen and Bond 1970: 110. This species is restricted to St. Croix and St. Thomas (Menke 1986). Beatty (1944) recorded it tun � neling in limestone cliffs.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBCFFAFFF05FDEAE1E0F94D.taxon	description	This species has been recorded nesting in bagworm cases (Davis 1964), and Krombein (1967) has given an account of its biology in trap � nests.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBDFFAEFF05FBA0E76AF9F7.taxon	description	(Fig. 46)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBDFFAEFF05FBA0E76AF9F7.taxon	description	Pachodynerus tibialis var. (or. subsp.) barbouri Bequaert, 1948: 107 (key), 109, female � “ Bahamas: Great Inagua ” (MCZH). � Willink and Roig � Alsina 1998: 3, 100 (syn. of Pach. tibialis (de Saussure )). Pachodynerus tibialis barbouri; Menke 1986: 654 (key), 664. Aside from Mona, this species is found in Hispaniola and the Bahamas (Menke 1986; Willink and Roig � Alsina 1998). The original description from Caracas is erroneous, as are records from Puerto Rico by Wolcott (1924; 1936); see Bequaert (1948), Wolcott (1951), and Menke (1986). The only published information on its biology is flower visitation records (Wolcott 1941, 1951).	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBEFFADFF05FD6EE233FB2A.taxon	description	156; 1951: 861. Ancistrocerus atkinsi Bequaert and Salt, 1931: 775, female (in subgenus Parancistrocerus) � “ Cuba: La Milpa near Cienfuegos ” (MCZH). � Alayo 1976: 21 (suspect only a syn. of S. dejectus (Cresson )). Stenodynerus dejectus; Maldonado Capriles and Navarro 1967: 61. Parancistrocerus dejectus; Genaro 2004: 67, 69. This species was described from Cuba, and otherwise is known only from Puerto Rico and Culebra. The only published information on its biology concerns avian predation on this species (Wolcott 1924, 1951).	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBFFFACFF05FEABE2D7F96C.taxon	description	(Fig. 47)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFBFFFACFF05FEABE2D7F96C.taxon	description	It should be noted that Giordani Soika (1990: 166 � 170) took issue with Carpenter’s (1988) paper, wish � ing to maintain the validity of his subspecies. As Carpenter (2003) showed, his arguments ranged from inconsistent to unintentionally ironic, and his taxonomic approach is simply outmoded. Subspe � cies have no place in a phylogenetic system, whether considered from the viewpoint of evolutionary taxonomy (Wilson and Brown 1953) or cladistics (Nixon and Wheeler 1990). Even if one were to argue that subspecies should be recognized so as to assist conservation efforts, the taxa in question here are not well distinguished.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA0FFB2FF05FE2AE2DBFF4B.taxon	description	(Fig. 48)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA0FFB2FF05FE2AE2DBFF4B.taxon	description	The two genera recorded here are each the only member of their respective tribe (Carpenter 1991). Polistes is cosmopolitan, but has more species described from the Neotropics than any other Region, while Mischocyttarus is primarily Neotropical, with a few species in the Nearctic Region. Species of the two genera form nearly the entirety of the social wasp fauna in the Caribbean. A recent key to the polistine genera in the New World is provided by Carpenter (2004 b), and species keys are to be found in Richards (1978). The concept of the phylogenetic relationships among polistine genera has varied in recent analy � ses. In the analysis of adult morphology by Carpenter (1991), Polistes was the sister � group of all other polistine genera, with the position of Mischocyttarus not resolved relative to the tribes Ropalidiini and Epiponini. The position of both Polistes and Mischocyttarus was unresolved in the analysis of nest archi � tecture by Wenzel (1993). Polistes was the sister � group of all other polistine genera, with Mischocyttarus sister � group of the remaining genera in turn in the combined analysis of adult and larval morphology and nest architecture by Wenzel and Carpenter (1994). With the addition of molecular data (Arévalo et al. 2004) Polistes was still the sister � group of all other polistine genera with the position of Mischocyttarus unresolved again. But the relationships of the tribes were different in the combined analysis of molecular and morphological data by Pickett and Carpenter (2010), with Polistes the sister � group of Epiponini, and Mischocyttarus the sister � group of this clade. The matter is far from settled. TRIBE MISCHOCYTTARINI	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA1FFB1FF06FA8DE2BDFECB.taxon	description	(Fig. 49)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA1FFB1FF06FA8DE2BDFECB.taxon	description	TRIBE POLISTINI	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA2FFB0FF05FD6DE61EFCCC.taxon	description	(Fig. 50)	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA2FFB0FF05FD6DE61EFCCC.taxon	description	Richards (1978), it was treated as a polytypic species with three subspecies. The forms concerned were originally described as separate species, then synonymized by de Saussure (1853 � 1858). In the last century the names were revived as varieties, with another variety then described by Bequaert and Salt (1931), which later came to be treated as subspecies. In Richards’ conception, P. crinitus americanus is the subspecies predominant in Greater Puerto Rico, with P. c. crinitus restricted to Jamaica, Hispaniola and Montserrat, while P. crinitus multicolor is found in St. Croix and the Lesser Antilles, as well as Montserrat. In Richards’ key these subspecies differ in the relative amounts of black, ferruginous and yellow coloration. The differences are not large: there is more black on the metasoma and more yellow on the mesosoma in P. crinitus americanus, while the scutum is ferruginous in P. crinitus crinitus but is black or with reddish spots in P. crinitus multicolor. However, as his key stated of the latter “ (speci � mens from Martinique approach P. c. crinitus). ” These latter forms, then, are not well distinguished, nor is the form Polistes crinitus var. insulicola, which Richards treated as a synonym of P. crinitus multicolor. And in fact P. crinitus americanus is not as distinct as portrayed in the key: Richards gave “ Humeri almost entirely yellow ” for P. crinitus americanus versus “ Humeri with only front and hind margins yellow, disk black and ferruginous, ” but P. crinitus americanus we have collected in Puerto Rico typically have the front and hind margins yellow, and just part of the dorsal surface black; the lateral surface is black with occasional reddish tinge. The variation among these forms is continuous, with the more melanistic extreme found in Puerto Rico. Dividing such variation into named subspecies is a poor way to treat it, and it does not work well in any case. We are therefore sinking these subspecies. Wolcott (1924) mentioned caterpillar prey, and avian predation on this species in Puerto Rico. Wolcott (1951) elaborated on the ethology of the species, and mentioned Cordyceps attack. There are otherwise just isolated description of nests from elsewhere in its range (Richards and Richards 1951).	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
03BA87A7FFA3FFB7FF05F96AE0F9FE0C.taxon	description	The nest was figured by Palisot de Beauvois (1818: pl. VIII fig. 3) with the original description, but nothing has been published on the biology of this species since.	en	Genaro, Julio A. (2011): Vespidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Puerto Rico, West Indies. Insecta Mundi 2011 (202): 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5161518
