taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BA87B0F659D607AA7EF8AAFA81B787.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None. Types not known.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F659D607AA7EF8AAFA81B787.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Drawida gisti anchingiana Chen, 1933: 202 was elevated to specific rank (in part?) by Gates (1935: 3) and Kobayashi (1937: 333, fig. 1). It is comparable to Drawida gisti Michaelsen, 1931 as redescribed by Gates (1936: 406 - 407) that differed from Chen’s (1933) version. Both Gates (1935: 2) and Kobayashi (1937: 336; 1938: 35, fig. 2) noted that Chen’s description of D. gisti f. typica also differed in some important characters from Michaelsen’s original and from his types as later redescrib- ed by Gates (1937). Gates (1935: 3) had earlier noted: “ D. gisti var. anchingiana Chen, 1933, is not adequately described but differs from the [gisti] types as follows: limitation of the penis pouches (?) to the body wall, small size and smooth surface of the prostates, and the presence of the spermathecal atria in vii rather than viii. These differences are important enough to distinguish the worms specifically from D. gisti. The specimens may not be sexually mature - vide absence of granulations on the prostates, the empty ovisacs, and the small size of the spermathecal ampullae, as well as the indistinctness of the clitellum. ” Kobayashi (1937: 337) concluded that the penial apertures were situated “ nearer to b ” in D. gisti Michalsen, 1931, but “ much nearer to c ” in D. anchiangiana and that the spermathecal duct “ opens into the broad distal end of a large long sac-like spermathecal atrium ” in D. gisti, but “ enters into posterior ectal third of the atrium ” in D. anchingiana. Kobayashi had as its characteristic feature the spermathecal atrium in segment 7 that was “ often ” accompanied by an accessory gland (Kobayashi, 1937: 337, fig. 1 B). However, it is not clear that what Kobayashi claimed from Jeju was the same as the Chinese taxon due partly to uncertainty of Chen’s taxon obtained from “ Anching, Anhwei and Pukow, Kiangsu ”, and due partly to Kobayashi’s specimens that, as well as being mostly immature, also tending to vary and perhaps representing a species-complex. Types unknown, this taxon has not been confirmed in China nor Korea - and neither has its sibling species Drawida gisti nanchingiana Chen, 1933: 200. Kobayashi obtained specimens from Jeju town, from Mt Halla and from Seogwipo, some of which probably come close to the following sub-species newly found on Jeju that themselves vary somewhat but which provide objective DNA data for comparison.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65AD602A9DBFF40FE89B20D.taxon	description	[Fig. 1]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65AD602A9DBFF40FE89B20D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000251105 Holotype, figured and dissected with tissue samples taken for DNA analysis [WO 46 (cf. WO 45), w 24, w 43]. Collected 12 th June 2012 by RJB from Hyonyungsa Temple, Mt Halla (33 ̊ 21 ′ 42 ′′ N 126 ̊ 31 ′ 45 ′′ E); preservation in 80 % EtOH. Note. Superficially similar specimens from Mt Halla looked possibly conspecific but also resemble D. koreana Kobayashi, 1938 are noted as “ Drawida sp. 2 ” below.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65AD602A9DBFF40FE89B20D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From location, noun in apposition.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65AD602A9DBFF40FE89B20D.taxon	description	Description. Length 60 mm. Segments 128. Body stout, flattened posteriorly. Colour dark brownish in anterior and bluish in posterior. Prolobous, ventrally cleft. No dorsal pores. Clitellum not developed. Nephropores in cd lines. Spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 median of c lines. Male pores on penes protruding slightly from wide slits centr- ed median of c lines in 10 / 11. Female pores in b lines in 11 / 12. Genital markings are widely paired presetally median of c lines in 8 and 10 (circular ‘ GM glands’ correspond internally, DNA sample from 8 lhs that appeared to contain mucus and a nematode - w 43). Internally, septa 5 / 6 - 8 / 9 thick; others thin and displac- ed; 10 / 11 supports large testis sac with coiled vas deferens to prostate near exit. Dorsal blood vessel single and hearts in 6 - 9. Spermathecae atria present anteriorly from 7 / 8 with long coiled duct to ampulla attached to 7 / 8 posteriorly in 8. Ovisacs small (empty) from septum 12 / 13; 11 / 12 doubled to form an ovarian chamber. Nephridial bladders elongate. Gizzards in 12 - 14.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65AD602A9DBFF40FE89B20D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Drawida gisti Michaelsen, 1931 that occurs on the mainland (Kobayashi, 1938: 35) has male pores near- er to b lines and gizzards in 12 - 14, whereas D. anchingiana has male pores nearer to c lines and gizzards described by Kobayashi (1937: 335) as three in “ XII-XVI or XI-XVI ” with markings variable in some of 8, 10 and 11 and either presetal or postsetal; plus a distinctive accessory atrial gland in segment 7. Drawida a. halla sub-sp. nov. has male pores near c lines, gizzards in 12 - 14 plus widely paired and presetal genital markings in 8 and 10 that, in combination with DNA data in Appendix identify this species.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD602A9DBFB59FB57B28C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000261226 Holotype (H) figur- ed and dissected with small tissue samples taken for DNA analysis (WO 69, w 44); IV 0000261228 Paratype (P) providing DNA sample (WO 71). Collected 9 th Sept. 2012 by RJB during short walk from Botanic Gardens to IUCN meeting at Seogwipo (33 ̊ 15 ′ 10 ′′ N 126 ̊ 33 ′ 40 ′′ E); preservation in 80 % EtOH. Note. Three complete specimens and two fragments, with the same collection data but none dissected, are possibly the same taxon (see “ Drawida sp. 1 ” below).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD602A9DBFB59FB57B28C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. After the type-locality, noun in apposition.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD602A9DBFB59FB57B28C.taxon	description	Description. Length 55 - 58 mm (H missing tip of tail, P complete). Colour bluish in posterior of body, with faintly dark mid-dorsal line. Prolobous, ventrally cleft. No dorsal pores. Clitellum not developed. Nephropores clearly in setal d lines or above in anterior. Spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 in cd lines. Male pores on penes protruding slightly from wide slits centred on c lines in 10 / 11. Female pores in b lines in 11 / 12. Genital markings paired in 8 offset medially, and lhs analogues in 9, 10 and 11 in H; P 1 has them on 10 & 11 only (circular ‘ GM glands’ correspond internally - on the off-chance they are parasitic artefacts those from 8 rhs and 10 lhs from H sampled for DNA - w 44, results in Appendix). Internally, septa 5 / 6 - 8 / 9 thick; 9 / 10 and 10 / 11 are conjoined and displaced to mid- 10 supporting yellow testis sac with coiled vas deferens to prostate that attaches to male organ. Dorsal blood vessel single and hearts in 6 - 9. Spermathecae atria present anteriorly from 7 / 8 with long coiled duct to ampulla attached to 7 / 8 posteriorly in 8. Ovisacs (empty) present from septum 12 / 13 that along with 11 / 12 forms an ovarian chamber ventrally. Nephridial bladders elongate. Gizzards muscular in 13 - 15.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD602A9DBFB59FB57B28C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Differences in the current type of D. a. seogwipo from the nominal taxon are gizzards in 13 - 15 and lack of an atrial gland which may be its distinguishing characters, here complemented with the DNA barcode data including that of the paratype (WO 71) that was not so extensively studied but differs only slightly. Morphological similarity of D. anchingiana seogwipo to D. a. halla sub-sp nov. described above, extends to atrium in 7 and lack of accessory glands there, but is contraindicat- ed by gizzards in 13 - 15 rather than 12 - 14. Slight DNA barcode indications support its separation (w 24 vs. WO 69 in Appendix). However, should D. a. anchingiana proper be confirmed from China (or Jeju!) then morphological and genetic comparison may allow clarification of the full species relationship. Both new sub-species may indicate a variable species complex, possibly with parts similar to what Kobayashi found. Mutual inclusion or separation depends on relocating fully mature material on Jeju that correspond to Kobayashi’s description, plus further studies of types of the whole species-complex in China.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD603AA70FBD9FD42B75C.taxon	description	[Fig. 3]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD603AA70FBD9FD42B75C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000261225 Holotype, figured (Fig. 3) and dissected with small tissue sample taken for DNA analysis (WO 68). Collected 9 th Sept. 2012 by RJB from under rock on short walk from Botanic Gardens to IUCN meeting at Seogwipo (33 ̊ 15 ′ 10 ′′ N 126 ̊ 33 ′ 40 ′′ E); preservation was in 80 % EtOH.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD603AA70FBD9FD42B75C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From acronym for International Union of Conservation Networks who hosted the World Conservation Congress at Jeju and are concerned with promotion of species diversity. This does not imply support nor funding for the survey and its results from IUCN. Pronounciation is “ eye-you-see-en ”, a non-arbitrary combination of letters used as a word formed from an acronyms as permitted under ICZN recommendations (cf. Eisenia anzac Blakemore, 2011 from Japan).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD603AA70FBD9FD42B75C.taxon	description	Description. Length 73 mm. Segments 127, possibly the last 12 regenerated. Colour pale grey unpigmented with dark mid-dorsal line from 11. Prolobous. No dorsal pores. Clitellum not developed. Nephropores in c lines or above. Spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 in c lines. Male pores on blunt penes protruding slightly from wide slits centred median of cd lines in 10 / 11. Female pores in b lines in 11 / 12. Genital markings single, mid-ventrally offset in 8 and 11. Internally, septa 5 / 6 - 8 / 9 thick; 9 / 10 and 10 / 11 are conjoined and displaced to mid- 10 supporting yellow testis sac with coiled vas deferens to prostate that attaches to male organ. Dorsal blood vessel single and hearts in 6 - 9. Spermathecae atria present anteriorly from 7 / 8 with long coiled duct to ampulla attached to 7 / 8 posteriorly in 8. Ovisacs (empty) present from septum 12 / 13 that along with 11 / 12 forms an ovarian chamber ventrally. Nephridial bladders elongate. Gizzards in 12 - 15 with muscular modification in 12 reduced.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65CD603AA70FBD9FD42B75C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Drawida iucn agrees morphologically with D. anchingiana seogwipo on almost all points, except for lack of blue colour, GM details and extension of gizzards into 12. Moreover, the DNA barcode data in Appendix 1 mm Fig. 2. Drawida anchingiana seogwipo sub-sp. nov. holotype showing ventral aspect; gizzards and reproductive organs. (WO 68 vs. WO 69) shows that there is some difference (3 %) that is here considered sufficient to indicate speciation. D. iucn barcode also differs (4 %) from D. a. halla (WO 68 vs. w 24), supporting their mutual separation.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65DD600A9D9FE68FF7CB6D5.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Hamburg Museum and Berlin syntypes were inspected by the author as reported in Blakemore & Kupriyanova (2010: 8) wherein two synonyms were listed: Drawida grahami Gates, 1935 and Drawida propatula Gates, 1935.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65DD600A9D9FE68FF7CB6D5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Reported from Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and India. Not confirmed on Jeju since Kobayashi (1938: 95) (cf. “ Drawida sp 2 ” below); it is fully redescribed on types in Blakemore & Kupriyanova February 2013 BLAKEMORE-JEJU-DO EARTHWORMS 21 7 / 8 5 10 / 11 7 / 8 8 10 dc 11 / 12 / 13 13 12 14 15 dc ba ab cd 1 mm 15 (2010).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65ED600A9DBFFF1FB0FB714.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000261227 posterior amputee specimen providing DNA (WO 70), collected 9 th Sept. 2012 by RJB during a short walk from Botanic Gardens to IUCN meeting at Seogwipo, plus IV 0000261229 of two complete and two fragments, with the same collection data. None yet dissected.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65ED600A9DBFFF1FB0FB714.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sympatric and probably closest to D. a. seogwipo (see Appendix and Fig. 4).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65ED601AA70FE31FDDBB26C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000249942 mature specimen undissected, from under bridge on Rt. 516, Mt Halla, 12 th June, 2012 collected by RJB and NIBR team, providing DNA sample (WO 44 that was mixed in the lab, resampl- ed as w 17). IV 0000249943, two similar semi-matures undissected, possibly the same taxon, from the same location.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65ED601AA70FE31FDDBB26C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Specimens a blue colour considered to be Drawida cf. koreana are unidentified at this time and await thorough analysis of D. koreana from the mainland. Summary of its DNA data thus far are provided in the Appendix. Jeju results for all Drawida spp. are summarized in Table 2 and Fig. 4 (a Maximum Likelihood Tree automatically generated by MEGA 5 program).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65FD601A9D9FBC8FB2BB12E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000245077 collected from Jeju Island by the author (15. II. 2012) as reported in Blakemore et al. (2012, fig. 1) providing DNA sample (WM 17 in Appendix).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65FD601A9D9FBC8FB2BB12E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pan-tropical distribution by introduction; the original home is thought to be in Central / South America; it is fully described by Blakemore (2010 b). Part of a species-complex (Gates, 1972), previously noted without details from North Korea by Kobayashi (1941: 263, tab. 1) a record that appears to have been overlooked subsequently due to the old-style kanji used.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65FD60FAA7EF88AFF67B48A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000246444 holotype (H) submature specimen, sketched and dissected providing DNA sample (WM 11 resampled as w 4), collected from side of Haenyeos’ beach at base of Seongsan Ilchulbong or “ Sunrise Peak ”, Jeju 15 th Feb., 2012 by RJB.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65FD60FAA7EF88AFF67B48A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin noun ‘ arx’ for ‘ citadel or fortress’ after the location’s colloquial name of ‘ The Floating Fortress’.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65FD60FAA7EF88AFF67B48A.taxon	description	Description. Length 92 mm, segments 102. Colour in life a deep red-brown, more a chocolate-like colour in alcohol with a paler ventrum and darker mid-dorsal line. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Setae ca. 60 - 70 per segment. Clitellum slightly darker in 14 - 16. Spermathecal pores lateral in 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 lhs and 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 rhs. Female pore obscure. Male pores widely paired superficial on raised white pads but within curved, longitudinal slits on 18 in shape of deeply incised “ (“ and ”) ” braces, with 35 much crowded small penial setae intervening, most concentrated nearer to the slits. Genital markings 0.02 5 10 15 20 27 1 mm Fig. 5 with [boxed] enlargement of spermatheca in 9 and of male pore 18 lhs]. February 2013 BLAKEMORE-JEJU-DO EARTHWORMS 23 not found although glands present internally in 9 rhs and 9 lhs. Internally, the pharyngeal mass fills segment 4. Septa 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 weak, 8 / 9 / 10 absent around muscular gizzard, 10 / 11 - 13 / 14 slightly thicker. Dorsal blood vessel single, hearts in 10 - 13. Spermathecae in 6 - 9 lhs & 7 - 9 rhs, small with thick muscular duct and roundish ampulla with curv- ed diverticulum (non iridescent). Glands occur near spermathecae in 9. Holandric but testis small and non iridescent; seminal vesicles anteriorly in 11 & 12. Prostates racemose, heavily parasitized in 18. Ovaries flat in 13 with no ovisacs seen in 14. Oesophagus dilated in 11 - 13, intestinal origin in 15. Intestinal caeca from 27, hemi-pinnate ventrally. Low but wide typhlosole from ca. 25. Gut contains soil and grits. Gregarine parasites around prostates as noted but no other parasites found.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F65FD60FAA7EF88AFF67B48A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Specimen distinct with its red colouration, but possibly not fully mature. Its C-shaped seminal grooves, crowded setae and incised caeca appear unique. The male pores are construed as superficial rather than eversible as in Metaphire spp. and, assuming spermathecae in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9, the species would comply with an Amynthas corticis species-group of Sims & Easton (1972). Possibly a ‘ species-in-transition’, losing its anterior spermathecae and approaching Metaphire with quasi-non-superficial male pores. By extension, in Metaphire it would comply with an M. ignobilis species-group and the taxon it would resembles most on Jeju probably being Metaphire quelparta (Kobayashi, 1937) from which it differs principally in the visibility of primary male pores, the incipient retention of spermatheca in 6 lhs, colouration plus other lesser characters. The penial setae, uniquely characteristic, possibly provide traction during copulation and compensate for lack of genital markings. DNA data (w 4 in Appendix) confirm its identity and shows closest match with A. aucklandis (w 21). However, such DNA data cannot be used to determine whether it is correctly placed in Amynthas, the default genus for pheretimoids (see Blakemore, 2012 e).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F651D60FA9D9FDDEFBDFB2AC.taxon	description	[Fig. 6]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F651D60FA9D9FDDEFBDFB2AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype (H) IV 0000251100 mature, from Mt Halla under bridge on Rt 516 12 th June, 2012; sketched and dissected providing DNA samples (WO 41 resampled as w 21).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F651D60FA9D9FDDEFBDFB2AC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Mt Auckland (Latin genitive) the European’s early name for Mt Halla.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F651D60FA9D9FDDEFBDFB2AC.taxon	description	Description. Length 120; segments 98. Colour dark brown on dorsum and anterior. Clitellum buff 14 - 16. Epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Setae number about 64 per segment. Spermathecae in wide slits in 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 about 0.3 C apart. Female pores single on 14. Male pores deep in lateral C-shaped clefts (seminal grooves), the male porophore body appears retractable as a flat pad with five or six setae above a circular disc. Genital markings, in addition to those on male pads, also as small discs lateral of spermathecal pores, plus one pair below 7 / 8 and another postsetal pair ventrally on 8. Internally, nephridial forests fill 5 and 6. Septa are all thin, 8 / 9 / 10 are absent in position of muscular gizzard. Hearts in 10 - 13. Spermathecae have a large saccular ampula on muscular duct with long diverticulum inseminat- ed for most of its length. Small glands associated with each spermatheca and in place of GMs. Holandric, with large seminal vesicles in 11 & 12. No vesicles in 13. Prostates on thick duct to infolding of male pores. Ovaries free in 13, no ovisacs in 14. Oesophagus slightly dilated in 13 only, intestine from 15, caeca broad based from 27 and deeply incised ventrally. Parasites not noted.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F651D60FA9D9FDDEFBDFB2AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As with A. arx, the male pores are construed as within C-shaped seminal grooves rather than non-superficial and eversible as in Metaphire. The current species differs from A. arx, M. quelparta and other similar species described herein in the shape of its spermathecae and distinctive male field. DNA data are provided for confirmation (Appendix).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F651D60DAA7EFBF8FD33B16E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Tokyo Museum neotype (An 435) designated and described by Blakemore (2012 a). IV 000 0261224 from Seogwipo found during walk from Botanic Gardens, 9 th Sept. 2012 collected by RJB from under rocks beside road, providing DNA sample (WO 67). Specimen undissected but is superficially similar to A. carnosus. Remarks. Chinese / Japanese / Korean Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) recently redescribed on the Tokyo museum neotype (Tokyo NSMT An 435) by Blakemore (2012 a; 2012 f) where an annotated synonymy included: kyamikia Kobayashi, 1934, monstrifera Kobayashi, 1936, sangyeoli, youngtai, kimhaeiensis, sinsiensis and baemsagolensis - all Korean names by Hong & James, 2001, and Taiwanese monsoonus James et al., 2005. However, Chinese A. pingi (Stephenson, 1925) (syn. fornicata Gates, 1935) was maintained separately, at least for the present, until its comprehensive review, possibly extending to DNA barcode differentiation. Distribution is Japan (Goto & Hatai, 1899; Easton, 1981), Korea and Quelpart Island (Kobayashi, 1936; 1938: 161). Hong & James (2001 a) claimed their Amynthas youngtai from Mt Halla, but this is a clear synonym of A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) after Blakemore (2012 a). In addition to these locations, A. carnosus is known from China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hong Kong, Sichuan, Beijing) and possibly Vietnam (as P. pingi). Recent Chinese claims from islands of Hainan as Amynthas fuscus Qiu & Sun, 2012 and off from Taiwan, as Amynthas taiwumontis Shen et al., 2013 syn. nov. that agree with Kobayashi (1936: fig. 1 types I or II and fig. 2 type I) - see Blakemore (2012 a). Both A. fuscus and A. taiwumontis were compared to Amynthas fornicatus (Gates, 1935) which is surprising as it is currently held in synonymy of Chinese A. pingi (Stephenson, 1925), itself usually in synonymy of A. carnosus. Senior synonyms were further ignored as A. fuscus was compared to A. homosetus (Shen, 1938) and the A. sangumburi synonyms of A. corticis; while A. 1 mm taiwumontis was also compared to A. marenzelleri (Cognetti, 1906) from Yokohama, a long established synonyn of A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867) despite its recent redescription by Blakemore (2012 b: 114). Despite their claim, barcode data for “ A. taiwumontis ” could be found neither on GenBank nor on iBOLD site of the CCDB (www. ccbd. ca Feb., 2013). These authors are invited to confirm their taxa, to correct their mistakes and to understand that no Asian country is in isolation as the species are often mutually shared. Moreover, ICZN requires consistency across names and treatments regardless of where specimens occur.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60DA9D9F8BAFE82B4EA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Five mature specimens from Hyomyungsa Temple, Mt Halla collected 12 th June, 2012, one IV 0000250394 providing DNA samples (WO 47 redone as w 25), the remainder labelled IV 0000250395. [IV 000 0250399 a sub-adult with same collection data that provided DNA (WO 50)]. IV 0000251208 four mature specimens plus two immatures also identified from Cheonji-yeon Falls, Seogwipo, collected 13 th June, 2012. Note. DNA sample WO 56 for “ A. agrestis ” was mixed in the lab. possibly with WO 47 since it showed 100 % megaBLAST agreement with A. corticis.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60DA9D9F8BAFE82B4EA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. It is one of the most widely cosmopolitan of Megascolecidae, being well-known from China, Japan and Korea including Jeju. Part of an Amynthas corticis species-complex sensu Blakemore (2010 b), its many synonyms include Perichaeta heteropoda Goto & Hatai, 1898: 69 from Japan that, although still quoted as a valid taxon from Korea (e. g. Hong and Kim, 2007; 2009; Kim et al., 2009), has long been held in synonymy of A. corticis and moreover, there are twenty synonyms with priority over heteropoda as fully described in Blakemore (2010 b). As already noted, Amynthas sangumburi Hong & Kim, 2002 is a probable new synonym of A. corticis, here provisionally retained pending further research by its authors.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60DA9D9FC3EFBCCB44A.taxon	description	[Fig. 7]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60DA9D9FC3EFBCCB44A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype IV 0000251310, H (mature figured and dissected providing DNA sample (WO 57 resampled as w 33); Paratypes IV 0000251311, P 1 - 3 (three matures, one posterior amputee dissected), P 4 (immature inspected); all from Saeseum Island, Seogwipo, (33 ̊ 15 ′ 10 ′′ N 126 ̊ 33 ′ 40 ′′ E), collected RJB 13 th June, 2012 from under rocks beside pathway.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60DA9D9FC3EFBCCB44A.taxon	description	Description. Length 100 mm (H). Colour brownish with darker dorsum, clitellum buff on 14 - 16. Epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9, ca. 0.3 C apart. Female pore single on 14. Male pores absent, replaced by superfical GMs on 18 with ca. 14 setae intervening. Other genital markings variable: paired or analogue discs posteriomedian to spermatheal pores in 7,8 - 9, each with stalked glands corresponding internally, some of those in P 1 with multiple stalked glands numbering up to three per GM in some cases. Internally, nephridial forests cover septa in 5 and 6. Spermathecae with wide muscular duct and slightly dilat- ed ampulla with terminal bulb consistently constricted or stalked; diverticulum stunted or with shorter and muscular stalk, the bulb absent or rounded and non-iridescent. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 absent around gizzard. Hearts in 10 - 13. Testis in 10 & 11 (non iridescent), seminal vesicles in 11 & 12. Prostates wholly absent, replaced by small gland, indicative of GM on 18 where male pores would be expected. Oesophagus dilated in 11,12 - 13. Intestine from 15, caeca simple from 27, typhlosole not noted. Parasites not found.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60DA9D9FC3EFBCCB44A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Superficially complying with the nominal taxon, Amynthas corticis saeseum is possibly a ‘ proto-species’ distinguished principally by its consistent bulbous augmentation to the spermathecae on either side. Although only parthenogenetic specimens were found indicating a clonal lineage that is only potentially interbreeding (and intrabreeding), here considered equivalent to an allopatric sub-species. Recent phenotypic divergence supported by its DNA barcode complying with some parts of the A. corticis species-complex (WO 57 redone as w 33 in Appendix) yet separable by about 3 % from “ A. corticis ” specimens identified on Jeju (e. g. w 25 in Appendix) and on the Korean mainland (w 59) by the author (Blakemore in prep.). The only other species found on the island was Metaphire californica (IV 0000250461 providing DNA WO 58 (resampled as w 34).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC.taxon	description	[Fig. 8 A]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 000251208 from Cheonji-yeon Falls, 13 th June, 2012. Mature specimen sketched and dissected providing DNA sample (w 63).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC.taxon	description	Description. (Jeju specimen in summary). Genital marking discs median to male pores, postsetally with small stalked glands corresponding internally. Spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8, first dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Septa 7 / 8 present to base of gizzard, 8 / 9 absent. Spermathecae in 6 - 8, with saccular ampulla on muscular duct with thin diverticula stalk having small, spherical bulb. Holandric. Prostates glands well developed in 18. Intestinal caeca incis- ed ventrally. Typhlosole absent.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F653D60BAA7EFD9FFF40B2EC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The current specimen complies morphologically with current concepts of “ A. gracilis ” (e. g., by Gates, 1972; Sims & Gerard, 1999; Blakemore, 2010 b), another cosmopolitan species from tropical and warm temperate localities. Blakemore (2010 b) noted that Amynthas bouchei, A. omodeoi and A. edwardsi all by Zhao & Qiu in Zhao et al., 2009 from Hainan, China in the same “ hawayanus species-group ”, are possible syns. nov. of A. gracilis. Sims & Easton (1972: 176, 214) remarked that gracilis was the type-species of the monotypic genus Nitocris Kinberg, 1867, a pre-occupied name, and made it representative of their “ hawayanus species-group ” while noting that the precise identity of the type-series could not be established as the specimens are immature. Kinberg’s original description, in full, was: “ N. gracilis n. Lobus cephalicus longitudinem partis mediae superioris segmenti buccalis aequans; segmenta 89 - 91; longitudo 42 - 66 mm. Rio de Janeiro, in horto botanico. ” The current specimen complies with earlier descriptions although it lacks the GMs frequently seen in some or all of 6 - 8,9 near the spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 and in groups of up to eleven (or twelve) median to male pores and sometimes on 17 and 19 too (Gates, 1972: 189; Sims & Gerard, 1999: 130). Without reference to DNA data, this would reasonably be the first record from Korea. However, a potential sub-species is tentatively described below that differs from the more familiar concept of the cosmopolitan A. gracilis, yet its DNA - at least for the part of the COI gene - agrees 100 % with the current specimen. At the same time, the only previously A. gracilis barcodes from Japan seem to indicate slight differences (Appendix). Morphology and DNA are recorded, leaving the outcome of the issue of correct identity and taxonomic relationship of either taxon flagged for future reference.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BA9D9FA38FC00B24D.taxon	description	[Fig. 8 B]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BA9D9FA38FC00B24D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000251309, holotype (H) mature specimen sketched and dissected also providing DNA sample (WO 55 resampled as w 31). Collected from Cheonji-yeon Falls, Seogwipo, 13 th June, 2012 by RJB.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BA9D9FA38FC00B24D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin for “ of the islands ” (latinized genitive plural).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BA9D9FA38FC00B24D.taxon	description	Description. Length 110 mm, segments 86. Colour light brownish with darker mid-dorsal line, clitellum buff in 14 - 16. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 10 / 11. Setae, larger and fewer in 4 - 7,8 (as in A. gracilis proper), number approximately 20 in 5 up to about 60 after clitellum. Spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 ca. 0.25 - 0.3 C. Female pore on 14. Male pores superficial 0.3 C apart on 18 with approximately 16 setae intervening. Genital markings in tight triplets, posterio-median to male pores on 18, with corresponding branched glands internally. Internally, tufted nephridia occur in 5 and 6. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 are aborted around muscular gizzard. Hearts in 10 - 13. Holandric, but iridescence not noted. Seminal vesicles are in 11 & 12 with pseudovesicles in 13 & 14. Spermathecal ampulla spherical, duct tapers with ental diverticulum as thin stalk and slightly dilated terminal portions. Oesophagus dilated and vascularized in 11 - 13, intestine begins in 15. Caeca single, incised ventrally and dorsally ruggose from ca. 27.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BA9D9FA38FC00B24D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Differences from A. gracilis proper possibly are a reduced first segment, dorsal pore more anteriorly in 10 / 11, slight difference in shape of spermathecae, distinct distribution of genital markings between male pores on 18 (a triumvirate rather than characteristically in series laterally) and caeca that are ‘ quasi-pinnate’, rather than incised on ventral edges. As with the sympatric specimen described above, GMs are lacking between spermathecal pores. DNA data in Appendix indicates agreement with specimens from Okinawa identified as “ Amynthas gracilis ” but some slight genetic separation is apparent for other specimens from the Japanese mainland. No other COI data is yet available on GenBank thus the current name awaits confirmation from further data and comparison with the fifteen or so historical names included, in whole or in part, in the nominal taxon’s synonymy. A similar species is Amynthas papulosus (Rosa, 1896) and the closeness of its relationship also requires consideration.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BAA7EFB99FA8DB34C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cosmopolitan species also from Japan and mainland Korea often in or near irrigated rice paddy fields (that were not searched during current Jeju surveys). It was first described from Jeju by Kobayashi (1938: 152) and is fully described by Blakemore (2010 b).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D60BAA7EFA98FB4AB688.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Amynthas kanrazanus incretus (Kobayashi, 1937: 343, fig. 4) syn. Amynthas alveolatus Hong & James, 2001 after Blakemore (2015), from Mt Halla. Amynthas yongshilensis (an A. tokioensis synonym) was also described from Mt Halla, Yongshil, and stated (Hong & James, 2001: 81) only to be similar to their subsequent A. alveolatus yet, remarkably, A. alveolatus - that is an obvious junior synonym of A. kanrazanus incretus from the same type-locality - was not compared to any previous species! Moreover, their subsequent species, A. geomunensis Hong & James, 2001: 82, was similarly compared only their two preceding names ignoring similarity to A. kanrazanus. The sub-species A. kanrazanus incretus was included under its nominal taxon by Song & Paik (1969: 136, 1970: 10), but this requires further consideration and it is here provisionally restored until a neotype can be select- ed from topotypes (and DNA extracted). Taxonomic note. Kobayashi’s name Pheretima kanrazana var. increta (cf. Pheretima incerta Beddard, 1912: 197) was misspelled as “ incertus ” in Sims & Easton (1972: 237, 243) and this has been copied over to iBOLD, the Barcode of Life and other websites.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D616AA7EFFDCFEFFB36B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Nominal sub-species described from Mt Hala, Jeju (Kobayashi, 1937: 340, fig 3). Amynthas yongshilensis Hong & James, 2001 is possibly a synonym but is currently (Blakemore, 2010 a) held under A. tokioensis. It was claimed on Jeju by Song & Paik (1969; 1970) but not found in the current survey (cf. A. tokioensis). There 1 mm seems no reason why it was initially ignored by Hong & James (2001), nor subsequently during the last dozen years. Amynthas masatakae (Beddard, 1892) [Fig. 9 A]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D616AA7EFFDCFEFFB36B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. British Museum lectotype (912) designated and described by Blakemore (2012 d). IV 00002 50401 providing DNA samples (WO 52 failed to yield results resampled as w 28 that was contaminated in the lab but was successfully resequenced as w 28 b) from Cheonji-yeon Falls collected 13 th June, 2012 by RJB. 1 mm	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F655D616AA7EFFDCFEFFB36B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Originally from Japan and described from Jeju by Kobayashi (1937: 337) and Song & Paik (1970: 11); it was fully redescribed based on its London types by Blakemore (2012 d: fig. 1 lhs). Results have since arrived for DNA barcode of the topotypic specimen from Nogeyama, Yokohama described in Blakemore (2012 d, fig. 1 rhs) (IV 0000249941 WO 35) that agrees 100 % with Cheonji-yeon Falls samples, that now confirm the taxon on Jeju. DNA results for other potential specimens were inconclusive. megaBLAST comparison indicates 100 % match with EF 077538 “ A. triastriatus ” from China (an erstwhile synonym of M. masatakae) that indicates the Chinese specimens are synonyms of A. masatakae, however it is not certain that their identification as A. triastriatus (Chen, 1946: 97) proper is correct thus the true synonymy of this name is not proven. Similarly A. robustus (Perrier, 1872) proper is not proven from Japan (nor Taiwan) and these GenBank vouchers should likely be recorded as A. masatakae following revision by Blakemore (2012 b). Gates (1972) had A. masatakae in synonymy of A. robustus (Perrier, 1872) and hence included Quelpart in the domain of this latter taxon, now known to be doubtful due to recent work (Blakemore, 2012 d), thus a restricted A. robustus is excluded.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D616A9DBFAB2FE87B69E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Korean specimen (NIBR IV 00002 46442) collected from NIBR’s Jeju Island Biosphere in Incheon (NIBR IV 0000246442 WO 1) described by Blakemore (2012 d, fig. 6 rhs); Jeju Island new specimens (NIBR IV 0000250396 - 7) from Hyomyungsa Temple, Mt Halla collected 12 th June, 2012 providing DNA samples (WO 48, w 26).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D616A9DBFAB2FE87B69E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. DNA data confirms a 100 % match (Appendix) showing the Incheon specimens likely originated in Jeju just as the author suspected in the full redescription with revised synonymy provided by Blakemore (2012 b: 138). A subsequent possible new synonym (noted by Blakemore, 2012 d) is Amynthas montanus Qiu & Sun, 2012 that has its setae seriously miscounted between descriptions and tables compared to their fig. 2; e. g., 12 - 18 are described between male pores yet more than 26 are figur- ed, thus setal ranges are given as 52 - 142 which approach the lower counts from A. micronarius synonyms are unreliable. Sun et al. (2012: 149) also misspell their earlier taxa as “ trapezoidesi ” rather than A. trapezoides Qiu & Sun, 2010.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D616A9DBFFB5FC28B52A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000261231 mature specimen collected from besides a stream near Sanbansan SW Jeju, 12 th June, 2012 by RJB - a mature that was figured and dissected, providing DNA samples (WO 51 redone as w 27). Included in same jar is a tail portion.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D616A9DBFFB5FC28B52A.taxon	description	Description. (Jeju specimen). Length 100 mm. Segments 99. Colour brownish, clitellum buff. First dorsal pore 11 / 12. Genital markings absent. Setae ca. 36 on segment 10. Spermathecae ca. 0.3 C apart in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8. Male pores superficial on 18 with 12 setae intervening. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 are aborted around gizzard. Spermathecae in 6 - 8 with elongate and corrugated ampulla on shorter duct with clavate diverticulum. Hearts are in 13. Holandric: testis in 10 & 11, seminal vesicles in 11 & 12 the latter pair with finger-like dorsal projections. Ovaries in 12, no ovisacs. Prostates large in 18. Oesophagus dilated in 11 - 13. Intestinal origin in 15, no typhlosole to about 35. Gut contains mainly soil.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D616A9DBFFB5FC28B52A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The current specimen agrees with earlier descriptions of Amynthas kamitai (Kobayashi, 1934) from Jeju that appears now to correspond with A. maculosus (Hatai, 1930) from northern Japan, that itself was previously included in synonymy with A. phaselus (Hatai, 1930), e. g. by Blakemore (2008). A. maculosus was revived based on a Tokyo syntype by Blakemore (2012: 113, fig. 12). Its new synonyms are Pheretima kamitai Kobayashi (1934: 5, figs. 4 - 6; 1938: 146, fig. 11) that was from Seoul and latterly included Ph. serrata Kobayashi (1936: 165, text fig. 10) in synonymy. Referred to as Ph. phaselus var. kamitai by Kobayashi (1938: 411) and by Song & Paik (1969: 16, 1970: 11) on specimens from Hokkaido and Jeju, respectively. Since nothing of substance separates Amynthas minjae Hong, in Hong, Lee & Kim (2001) from these prior taxa, it too is included in synonymy. Reduced to a sub-species of the nominal taxon, the question of its relationship to A. phaselus is not fully resolved. This Jeju specimen (initially thought similar to A. gracilis) complies with A. maculosus, or rather its synonym A. kamitai, more so than with A. phaselus proper.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D615AA70FC7EFF6BB1CD.taxon	description	[Fig. 11]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D615AA70FC7EFF6BB1CD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000251101, mature posterior amputee specimen collected from Mt Halla 12 th June, 2012 from under bridge on Rt 516 that provided DNA (WO 42 resampled as w 22). An unregistered specimen from Cheonji-yeon collected by RJB on 13 th June, 2012 is similar.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D615AA70FC7EFF6BB1CD.taxon	description	Description. (Of Jeju specimen). Length 50 + mm. Darkish dorsum, clitellum buff. First dorsal pore 12 / 13. Setae ~ 60. Spermathecal pores distinct and nozzle-like in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 ca. 0.3 C apart. Male pores as small lateral slits centred on flat porophore on 18 with ca. 14 setae intervening. No GMs. Nephridia are tufted in 5 & 6. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 aborted around gizzard, otherwise thin. Body filled with gregarines, especially segment 12. Spermathecae in 6 - 8, corrugated ampulla with shorter duct and digitiform diverticulum. Holandric, testis in large sacs in 10 and free in 11, non-iridescent, seminal vesicles anteriorly in 11 & 12 with pseudovesicles in 13. Hearts in 10 - 13. Ovaries in 13, no ovisacs in 14. Prostates with large glands on flaccid duct in 18. Oesophagus dilated and vascular in 11 - 13, intestine from 15, intestinal caeca simple but deeply incised ventrally (hemi-pinnate), typhlosole not noted.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F648D615AA70FC7EFF6BB1CD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Current specimens resemble Amynthas phaselus (Hatai, 1930) that is known from Japan and main- 1 mm land Korea and nominally includes synonyms:? Pheretima maculosus [sic] Hatai, 1930 b: 661 (non Pheretima maculosa Gates, 1933 = Pheretima malacus Gates, 1936), Pheretima kamitai Kobayashi, 1934, Pheretima serrata Kobayashi, 1936,? Pheretima phaselus tamurai Kobayashi, 1938, Pheretima mutica Chen, 1938 and A. minjae Hong, 2001. Whether A. maculosus and its synonyms (mentioned above) should remain separate or be combin- ed in A. phaselus depends of further work. Currently, only the more “ bean-shaped ” male pores seem to separate them but confirmation from DNA data is wanting. Blakemore (2012: 113) recorded a possible syntype in Tokyo Museum, while noting that revision is underway based on new material recently collected not only from Jeju but also from Tokyo, from Seoul and on Ulleungdo Island (see Blakemore, 2013). Its full description is pending.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FB19FD36B44A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Described by Hong & Kim (2002: 198, fig. 4) from Sangumburi volcanic crater near Mt Halla, it resembles A. toriii (Ohfuchi, 1941: 244) from a cave in Oita-ken that is currently in synonymy of A. corticis. However, Blakemore (2012 b: 143) found this indistinguishable from A. subrotundus (Ishizuka, 2000) itself similar to A. rufidulus (Ishizuka, 2000) that were both placed in A. corticis complex by Blakemore (2003). Therefore, possibly A. sangumburi also belongs in synonymy either of A. corticis or of the Japanese species, otherwise its validity dependent upon deeper research by its original authors. Sometimes misspelt “ A. sangumburiensis ” (e. g. http: // www. annelids. org / bbta / Main / main _ 3 _ 2 _ 1. asp). A. sangumburi is compared by Sun et al. (2012: 152, 153, tab. 1) to their A. fuscus that is actually yet another junior synonym of A. carnosus as already clarified above. A similar taxon is A. simplex sp. nov. described below.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FD9FFE91B5A9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Amynthas seungpanensis (Song & Paik, 1970: 11, figs. 1 - 13) described from “ Mt Hanra, Chejoo-do Isl. ”, has not been seen since. Its definitive characteristics were supposed to be spermathecal pores intrasegmental on 6 and 7 and distinctive male pores. Its name is sometimes misspelt “ Ph. seungpanesis ”. “ Mt Hanra ”, or Mt Hanla amongst its ten or so previous names, is now known as Mt Halla.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FCFDFBBAB40B.taxon	description	[Fig. 12]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FCFDFBBAB40B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000251102 Holotype (H) mature specimen from Mt Halla under bridge on Rt 516, 12 th June, 1023; providing DNA sample (WO 43 resampled as w 23). Paratype (P) in same jar, undissected.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FCFDFBBAB40B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin for “ simple ” due to its lack of GMs and other complex attributes (Non Michaelsen, 1928).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FCFDFBBAB40B.taxon	description	Description. Length 80 mm (H), 60 mm (P). Segments 100 (H), 101 (P). Darkish dorsum but transparent ventrum when preserved with internal parasites visible, clitellum buff and rather knobbly (H & P) possibly due to parasitism. First segment reduced with thin and wide epilobous prostomium. First dorsal pore minute in 12 / 13, open from 13 / 14 (H & P). Spermathecal pores ca. 0.3 C apart in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9. Setae ca. 24 ish per segment with ventral gaps in anterior; the penultimate three segments of ‘ tail’ lack setae. No GMs. Male pores small in centres of large circular flat porophores. Nephridial forests in 5 & 6. Septum 8 / 9 aborted, 9 / 10 displaced by gizzard. Holandric with large testis sac in 10 and seminal vesicles in 11 & 12. Hearts 10 - 13. Ovaries in 13, no ovisacs present. Oesophagus vascularized and dilated in 12 & 13. Intestine from 15. Intestinal caeca simple. No typhlosole. Gut contains organic soil. Some large nematodes and much mucus seen in anterior segments, with many gregarine cysts, especially on ventral nerve cord under intestine.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD615A9D9FCFDFBBAB40B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Similarities to A. phaselus are lack of GMs, ruggose spermathecae and simple, circular male fields. Differences are an extra pair of spermatheca in 8 / 9 and non-incised intestinal caecae. The other similar Jeju species with spermathecae in 5 / 6 - 8 / 9 and simple caeca is Amynthas sangumburi Hong & Kim, 2002 that, however, is smaller (46 - 68 mm), has more setae (39 - 43 with only 3 - 4 between male pores) and quite different shape of spermathecae plus a large typhlosole from 27. These specimens are named as new on the basis of these morphological differences that, unfortunately, could not yet be confirmed by DNA.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64BD612AA7EFD5FFBCDB30C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. [IV 0000250398 a sub-adult specimen from Hyonyungsa Temple (12 th June, 2012, RJB) that provided DNA sample (WO 49 detailed in Appendix) complying with either (or both?) A. tokioensis and Metaphire hilgendorfi using megaBLAST searches]. Remarks. Amynthas tokioensis (Beddard, 1892) [syns.? s chizopora,? irregularis, levis,? parvicystis;? verticosa;? yongshilensis Hong & James, 2001,? eastoni Hong & James, 2001;? boletiformis Hong & James, 2001 (these last two synonyms as per Blakemore, 2003: 43, addenda);? gucheonensis Song & Paik, 1970; jiriensis Song & Paik, 1971;? paiki Hong in Hong, Lee & Kim, 2001: 266 (these last three synonyms as per Blakemore, 2006; 2008)]. Plus? Pheretima gucheonensis Song & Paik, 1971,? Pheretima surcata Ishizuka, 1999 and A. sonjaesiki Hong & James, 2009 were placed in synonymy of A. tokioensis by Blakemore (2010 a: 13, fig. 2) based on reinspection of its London types. Blakemore & Ueshima (2011) & Blakemore (2012 d, f) described syntypes of Amynthas levis (Goto & Hatai, 1899) as being similar to a parthenogenetic form of A. tokioensis and thus a possible synonym, as was already noted by Blakemore (2012 b). Amynthas conferticurtus Hong & James, 2009: 1241 appears to be misdescribed in several key characters: e. g., the spermathecal pores are said to be on 7 and 8 (thus allegedly qualifying for an A. pomellus species group; however, they are shown in their fig. 7 to be in 6 / 7 / 8! Moreover the supposed genital markings on 7 & 8 and 18 are not shown in their figure 7! Their description with this new name appears to be indistinguishable from the subsequent A. sonjaesiki Hong & James, 2009: 1243 that has markings resembling those claimed for A. conferticurtus and is moreover similar to A. paiki Hong, 2001 and / or to A. fasciiformis Hong & James, 2001, thus both latter names are probably in an A. tokioensis species-group, if not also synonyms. It seems that the A. conferticurtus name also belongs. A. tokioensis is included due to record from Jeju of the likely synonym A. yongshilensis Hong & James, 2001; cf. Metaphire hilgendorfi noted below. Note. Regarding types, Amynthas conferticurtus Hong & James, 2009 with types IV 0000120468 (H) & 479 (P) not traceable in NIBR, its synonym, A. sonjaesiki Hong & James, 2009 with types IV 0000120469 (H) & 480 (P) also not traceable in NIBR.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD612AA70FA25FC50B504.taxon	description	[Fig. 9 B, C]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD612AA70FA25FC50B504.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type specimen (NIBR IV 0000246 441) collected from NIBR’s Jeju Island Biosphere at Incheon were described by Blakemore (2012 d). New specimens (IV 0000250402 - 3) three mature specimens sketch- ed and dissected, providing DNA samples (WO 53 - 54 resampled as w 29 - 30) collected outside of Cheonji-yeon Falls Park, Jeju on 13 th June, 2012 by RJB from under rocks and beside a spring.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD612AA70FA25FC50B504.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These specimens confirm, as anticipated, both separation of A. tralfamadore from A. masatakae and the provenance of both from Jeju suggested by Blakemore (2012 d: 143).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD612AA70FC34FAB8B6F7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000250406 - 7 Cheonji-yeon Falls, Seogwipo, collected 13 th June, 2012 by RJB; two mature specimens, one sketched and dissected, providing DNA sample (WO 56 mixed in lab and resampled as w 32 in Appendix). Seven similar mainly immature specimens collected from Cheonji-yeon Falls on 14 th June, 2012 (undissected).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD612AA70FC34FAB8B6F7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. These specimens conform to the redescription by the current author from Japan and Korea. A neotype in Tokyo Museum is in process of description as noted by Blakemore (2012 b; 2012 f). Further work is currently in progress to define this cosmopolitan species.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD613AA70FE13FD4AB1CB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. NIBR IV 0000246440, found beside Temple at Mt Sanbangsan, Jeju, collected by R. J. Blakemore, 17 th Feb. 2012, from near drainage ditch and described Blakemore (2012: fig. 2); IV 0000250461, single specimen from Saeseum Island, Seogwipo, collected 13 th June, 2012 by RJB, providing DNA (WO 58 that was probably mixed with WO 57 see Appendix). Cheonji-yeon Falls, 13 th June, 2012 collected by RJB (four specimens undissected).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64CD613AA70FE13FD4AB1CB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This was the first record from Jeju and Korea of this cosmopolitan species (Blakemore et al., 2012).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD613A9D9FB1FFA85B2C9.taxon	description	[Fig. 13]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD613A9D9FB1FFA85B2C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 000246445 Holotype (H) mature, sketched and dissected providing DNA samples (WM 12 redone as w 5); collected from Sehwa Beach near to Haenyeo Museum, 16 th Feb., 2012 by RJB under rocks on machair. IV 0000249896 - 7 Paratypes (P 1 - 2) two mature specimens, inspected.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD613A9D9FB1FFA85B2C9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Due to location, near The Jeju Haenyeo Museum named after the Jeju diving ladies called ‘ haenyeo’ (noun in apposition).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD613A9D9FB1FFA85B2C9.taxon	description	Description. Length 140 mm (H), 120 (P 1), 95 (P 2); segments 109 (H, P 1). Colour a light green in life, soon bleached out in alcohol. Clitellum weakly formed. Epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13 (H, P 1) or 11 / 12 (P 2). Setae number about 60 - 66 per segment. Spermathecae in wide slits in 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 about 0.3 C apart. Female pores paired on 14. Male pores in small c-shaped pouches with 15 - 17 setae intervening, everted in P 2. No genital markings present but small glands noted associated with each spermathecae posteriorly. Internally, nephridial forests fill 5 and 6. Septa 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 are thin, 8 / 9 / 10 are absent in position of muscular gizzard, and 10 / 11 - 13 / 14 have some thickening. Dorsal blood vessel single, hearts in 10 - 13. Spermathecae with large oval ampulla on short duct and medium diverticulum with inseminated terminal bulb having irregular outline. A small gland associated with each spermatheca ectally. Holandric, with iridescent testis small in 10 & 11, seminal vesicles in 11 & 12. Prostates on thick duct to small copulatory pouch. Ovaries small in 13, no ovisacs in 14. Oesophagus slightly ditated in 12 - 15, intestine from 16, with caeca broadly based from 27 and deeply incised ventrally. Typhlosole not well developed, gut contains organic soil and sand grains. No parasites were noted.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD613A9D9FB1FFA85B2C9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Complying with the M. houletti species-group of Sims & Easton (1972) that included indigo Ohfuchi, 1951, keishuensis Kobayashi, 1938 and quelparta Kobayashi, 1937. Perhaps it is closest to the latter taxon both morphologically and geographically. Similarity is their characteristic greenish blue dorsum and light blue ventrum. Differences in M. quelparta are that the spermathecal and male pores have saccular bodies internally that may protrude and the former are accompanied with paired short stalked accessory glands. An apparently major difference is that only one, rather than a pair of glands accompanies the spermathecae in the current species that, nevertheless, may only merit sub-specific status, cf. M. quelparta. DNA data are provided and compared in the Appendix. Metaphire quelparta valhalla sub-sp. nov. from Mt Halla appears to differ morphologically, but has similar DNA. Another taxon is M. q. seogwipo sub-sp. nov. that appears to differ molecularly from M. haenyeo and morphologically from M. quelparta quelparta. At the same time, no confirmed specimens of M. quelparta have been found in the current surveys and thus neither a neotype nor its DNA libarary can be provided presently.? Metaphire hilgendorfi (Michaelsen, 1892)	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD611AA7EFD93FD74B2CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. A possibly similar specimen is IV 0 000250892 from beside Temple at Mt Sanbangsan, Jeju-do collected by RJB 17 th Feb. 2012 from near drainage ditch that provided DNA samples (WM 13, WO 11 and w 6). Types are not known.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64DD611AA7EFD93FD74B2CC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Not definitely identified in current studies as the similar specimen found was damaged and thus was not fully studied. Yet Metaphire quelparta was said to be “ the most common species on this small volcanic island ” (Kobayashi, 1937: 35, fig. 5) and it was also claimed on the Korean peninsula (Kobayashi, 1938: 155) where it was initially mistakenly labelled as “ Pheretima keishuensis ” nom. nudum by Kobayashi (1938: 90), as noted by Song & Paik (1970: 11). In discussing Metaphire yamadai (Hatai, 1930) neotype, Blakemore (2012 b: 119) said that, apart from its nonmanicate caeca, “ M. quelparta is almost exactly the same in each described character except for its large saccuar bodies associated with the spermathecal pores. But it may belong in synonymy nevertheless, along with M. sanseiana (Hatai, 1951: 56), and the probable syn. nov. of the latter species, M. indigo (Hatai, 1951: 58) ” and another possible synonym is M. sanseiana (Ohfuchi, 1951) from China. Blakemore (2010 a: 18, 2012 b: 117) reviewed M. yamadai, latterly based on Tokyo Museum neotype and noted that for M. yamadai from China, Chen (1933: 259, figs. 20, 21) shows variations with the caeca either deeply incised or manicate, but this was likely a misdescription by Chen of a composite of both Michaelsen’s Pheretima pectenifera and Ph. tschiliensis. This latter taxon may indeed have incised caeca and is currently classified as? Metaphire tschiliensis (Michaelsen, 1928), but further research is required from China to confirm its full relationships. Kobayashi (1938: 155, 157) had said that his Ph. aggera Kobayashi, 1938: 153 was close to and may be synonymous with some of the species above and with his Ph. quelparta. However, Easton (1981) ’ s inclusion of Metaphire soulensis (Kobayashi, 1938) in synonymy of M. yamadai (Hatai, 1930) is no longer supported as there are notable differences in morphology (pers. obs.), especially of the markings around the male pores (when present). Thus, M. soulensis is thus maintained separately and has M. shinkeiensis (Kobayashi, 1938), M. aokii (Ishizuka, 1999) and Amynthas dageletensis Hong & Kim, 2005 included as its junior synonyms, as clearly stated previously by Blakemore (2003; 2010 a; 2012 a).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64FD61EA9D9FA18FE16B16E.taxon	description	[Fig. 14]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64FD61EA9D9FA18FE16B16E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 000261223 Holotype (H) semimature specimen, sketched and dissected providing DNA samples (WO 66); Collected 9 th Sept. 2012 by RJB, during a short walk from the Botanic Gardens to IUCN meeting at Seogwipo (33 ̊ 15 ′ 10 ′′ N 126 ̊ 33 ′ 40 ′′ E) from under rocks beside road.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64FD61EA9D9FA18FE16B16E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Based on location: Seogwipo (noun in apposition).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64FD61EA9D9FA18FE16B16E.taxon	description	Description. Length 130 mm; segments 93. Colour greenblue with dark mid-dorsal line in life. Paler in alcohol. Clitellum weak in 14 - 16. Epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Setae number 50 - 60. Spermathecae in 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 about 0.3 C apart. Female pore on 14. Male pores in small C-shaped pouches with 12 setae intervening. No genital markings. Internally, nephridial in 5 & 6. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 aborted around muscular gizzard. Hearts in 10 - 13. Spermathecae, probably not fully formed, with saccular ampulla on long- er duct, and with elongate uninseminated diverticulum that is straight rather than folded. A small stalked gland associated with spermatheca in 7 & 8 ectally (not in 9 nor near prostates). Holandric, with iridescent testis in small sacs in 10 & 11 posteriorly, seminal vesicles in 11 & 12 anteriorly. Prostates on thick duct. Ovaries small in 13, ovisacs absent. Oesophagus dilated and vasculariz- ed in 13; intestine from 1 / 215; caeca from 27 incised ventrally. Typhlosole not noted.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F64FD61EA9D9FA18FE16B16E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although possibly not fully mature, apparent differences from the nominal taxon are lack of noticeable saccular bodies on male and spermathecal pores, and absence of paired spermathecal glands that are shown consistently in Kobayashi’s work. Moreover, only a dozen setae intervene between male pores rather than 18 - 21 as in M. quelparta proper. It is somewhat similar, but differs from M. haenyeo, not least by having longer sperma- 1 mm thecal diverticula although DNA data indicates slight (~ 3 %) separation. Full relationships require comparison with new material of nominal M. quelparta which had type-localities in Seogwipo as well as Jeju-township and Mt Halla listed by Kobayashi (1937). So far such material has been elusive although both the current and subsequent sub-species come closest.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FAF8FC34B4CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000249913 mature specimen from Hamdeok Sewoobyong beach collected 15 th Feb., 2012 by RJB providing DNA sample (WO 17 that gave ambigous result).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FAF8FC34B4CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cosmopolitan species, this the first record from Jeju.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FC1FFB8BB5EC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mature specimen from Hamdeok Sewoobyong beach collected 15 th Feb., 2012 by RJB providing DNA sample (WO 16), as yet inconclusive / mixed (cf. WO 7 & WO 13).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FC1FFB8BB5EC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cosmopolitan species, first recorded on Jeju by Kobayashi (1941).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FF06FCFFB723.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jeju from Hamdeok Sewoobyong beach, under logs and stones behind shop fronts unregistered samples with clitellum 24 - 30, one providing DNA (WO 13 currently inconclusive and probably mixed with WO 16 or some other sample in lab.).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FF06FCFFB723.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cosmopolitan species, this the first record from Jeju.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EA9DBF8BAFDCCB7D7.taxon	description	[Fig. 15]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EA9DBF8BAFDCCB7D7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000251099 Holotype (H) mature specimen, sketched and dissected providing DNA samples (WO 40 resampled as w 20); collected from Mt Halla under Bridge on Rt 516, 12 th June, 2012 by RJB, from under a large rock of valley beside creek.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EA9DBF8BAFDCCB7D7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Based on location: a valley on Mt Halla (noun in apposition). Behaviour. sluggish and non responsive to touch.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EA9DBF8BAFDCCB7D7.taxon	description	Description. Length 250 mm; segments 112. Colour white, unpigmented with distinctive blue dorsal blood vessel and guts visible in life. Clitellum pale too. Epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Setae number about 60 per segment on 12, 64 on 20; those on ventrum more pronounced in anterior. Spermathecae obvious in 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 about 0.25 C apart. Female pores paired on 14. Male pores in small pouches with 14 setae intervening. No genital markings present but small glands noted behind each spermatheca posteriorly. Internally, nephridial forests on 4 / 5 / 6 / 7. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 aborted around muscular gizzard, otherwise muscular in anterior. Dorsal blood vessel single, hearts in 10 - 13. Spermathecae with saccula ampulla, often flattened on medium duct and long diverticulum with inseminated ental half that zig-zags. A small stalked gland associated with each spermatheca ectally. Holandric, with iridescent testis small in 10 & 11, seminal vesicles in 11 & 12 anteriorly and pseudovesicles in 13. Prostates on thick duct to small presumably eversible pouch. Ovaries in 13, ovisacs vestigial in 14. Oesophagus slightly dilated and vasculariz- ed in 12 & 13; intestine from 15; caeca from 27 deeply incised ventrally. Typhlosole not noted.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EA9DBF8BAFDCCB7D7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The current sub-species differs from the nominal taxon on several points, especially lack of noticeable saccular bodies on male and spermathecal pores. It is approximately twice the size and lacks the distinctive green colouration. It is somewhat similar, but differs from M. haenyeo, not least by having longer spermathecal diverticula although DNA data indicates only slight separation (~ 1 %). Complete comparison with M. quelparta depends upon discovery of specimens that comply with Kobayashi’s description having green colouration and paired spermathecal glands shown in Kobayashi (1937: figs. 5 E-G; 1938: figs. 14 c & c′). Specimens claimed by Song & Paik (1970: 11) were not described in any detail, they merely their presence on “ Chejoo-do ” was noted.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70F81AFAE9B20D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Song & Paik (1970: 11) also located Metaphire soulensis (Kobayashi, 1938) on “ Chejoo-do ”. Its synonyms are Pheretima shinkeiensis Kobayashi, 1938; Ph. aokii Ishizuka, 1999 - synonymy as per Blakemore (2003: 43) plus A. dageletensis Hong & Kim, 2005 from Ullungdo. Revision is currently in progress based on Seoul and Ulleungdo specimens (Blakemore, in prep.).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FB57FB25B391.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. IV 0000245076 four specimens as newly reported on Jeju by Blakemore et al. (2012) and it was subsequently confirmed by the author abundantly in Seogwipo port 22 nd May, 2012 (unpublished data). One of the latter provided DNA (WO 39 that was mixed in the genetics lab. with WO 38).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F640D61EAA70FB57FB25B391.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Blakemore (2007; 2010 b) lists its many synonyms and pantropical distribution.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F643D61DA9D9FB53FD0CB430.taxon	description	[Fig. 16 B]	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F643D61DA9D9FB53FD0CB430.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. In addition to specimen IV 000024 9915 as noted above that provided DNA sample (WO 12) and gave a result of either E. fetida or E. andrei. Two other specimens, one IV 0000249919 providing DNA sample (WO 7 that was mixed, resampled as w 62 that is yet to provide results) from Songsaneup, Jeju collected 16 th Feb., 2012 by RJB.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F643D61DA9D9FB53FD0CB430.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cosmopolitan species, this the first record from Jeju; often confused with E. andrei Bouché, 1972 as either a synonym, morph, ‘ variety’, sub-species, or as a separate species; however, several prior synonyms of E. fetida compete for priority (Blakemore, 2010 b).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F643D61DA9D9FD4FFE8CB624.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Samples from Songsaneup volcanic cone, collected 16 th Feb. 2012 by RJB (unregistered). Samples from Mt Halla near Nongyo Bridge on Rt 516 16 th Feb., 2012 (unregistered); and further under bridge on Rt 516 two mature specimens, one (IV 0000251103) providing DNA (WO 45 redone as w 18 and as w 18 b), the other (IV 0000251104). Sanbangsan in drain next to Temple, specimens inspected but not registered. DNA results are in the Appendix.	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
03BA87B0F643D61DA9D9FD4FFE8CB624.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon was first recorded on Jeju by Kobayashi (1941) is here confirmed. A redescription based on types by the author is reported in Blakemore and Grygier (2011).	en	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Jeju-do earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea) - Quelpart Island revisited. Journal of Species Research 2 (1): 15-54, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2013.2.1.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2013.2.1.015
