identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BA186636707B6AEAD2FAC7E39AFCC0.text	03BA186636707B6AEAD2FAC7E39AFCC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia Hendel 1933	<div><p>Genus Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933</p><p>Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933: 43 .</p><p>Type species: Peletohila minima Becker, 1904</p><p>(= Antophilina flavella Zetterstedt, 1848), by designation of Hendel.</p><p>Diagnosis: The following combination of characters not previously noted by earlier workers separates Gymnochiromyia with greater confidence from other genera in the family. The ocp is flat or concave when viewed from above. This character is shared with other genera including Aphaniosoma, but not Chyromya . The disc of the ocp is entirely or largely bare, quite unlike Chyromya which is strongly setose. Only Aphaniosoma has an intrahumeral seta or setula and this is usually incurved. Gymnochiromyia usually has no pra and no posterior ia; these are present separately or together in some other genera. Gymnochiromyia has oval eyes with the longest axis positioned horizontally or only slightly obliquely ( Chyromya has round eyes; Aphaniosoma and undescribed genera have very obliquely placed oval eyes). The frons in most species of Gymnochiromyia protrudes above the antennae so that it is clearly visible in profile, often markedly so and thus, in most species, the head is longer above than it is below. In Aphaniosoma, an apicoventral seta on the mid tibia is always clearly longer than the diameter of the tibia at apex. This seta may be present in Somatiosoma and a closely related undescribed genus, but it does not exceed the diameter of the tibia and is generally less conspicuous. It is absent in Chyromya and Gymnochiromyia . There are only two exceptions to this combination of character states. In the species treated below, G. pretoriella and G. maculipennis have a weak pra (in the latter species it is only present in the holotype). None of the Palaearctic species of Gymnochiromyia has a pra. In all other respects these two species fit in Gymnochiromyia .</p><p>Description:</p><p>Head (Fig. 6): Predominantly yellow, fr protruding beyond anterior eye margin, sides converging towards antennae; gena wide with rounded lower margin, vibrissal angle poorly differentiated; face depressed, poorly sclerotised, except for a narrow median line, carina never properly developed although this sclerotised median line may give the impression in some specimens that a shallow carina exists; ocp flat to concave when viewed from above, in profile usually barely visible behind eye margin, on lower part, behind gena with a distinct pale seta directed downwards; chaetotaxy: 3 welldeveloped orb, anterior inclinate; 1 strong vti and 1 strong vte, oc divergent, pvt distinct and convergent or crossed; fr, across middle, often with very fine pale setulae, short setulae also on post oc margin, but none on disc of ocp; gena finely, but distinctly setulose; 2 to 3 short vibrissal setulae. Antenna with round third segment, first and second segments short, latter with seta dorsally; arista 3-segmented, usually bare, sometimes very short pubescent.</p><p>Thorax: Ground colour predominantly yellow; msn with or without stripes; mtn often dark; pleura sometimes with brown on stpl and hypl; chaetotaxy: 1–2 hu, 1 psthu, 0+1 to 1+4 dc, acrs in 4–8 rows with a strong prescut pair, 1 sa and 1 pa, 2 ntpl, ia and pra usually absent, if a posterior ia present this is always shorter than prescutellar acrs; 1 mspl at middle of hind margin and 1 stpl at upper posterior corner, pteropleurals absent.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 1): Hyaline (pigmented patch in one species), uniformly microtrichose except for basal half of subcostal cell; costa broken at weakly sclerotised humeral crossvein and at R 1; subcosta merges with R 1 just before this reaches costa; veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 parallel to wing margin or very slightly convergent; costa ends almost exactly at end of vein R 4+5; costal setulae very short and of uniform length, sometimes a few setulae are longer than others at base of wing along anterior edge just before R 1 merges with costa; mixed in randomly amongst the pale costal setulae are darker and thicker setulae appearing as minute spines, reminiscent of the costa of Heleomyzidae; 6–12 dark setulae set at intervals along dorsal aspect of costa between R 1 and apex of R 2+3.</p><p>Legs: Yellow and short setulose except front femur where longer posterodorsal and posteroventral setae may be present; mid tibia never with long apicoventral seta; claws black in apical half or more, pulvilli normal.</p><p>Abdomen: Predominantly yellow in most species; sparse short setulose on all segments; tergites well sclerotised; st from poorly sclerotised to wholly membraneous and very thinly and microscopically setulose.</p><p>Male postabdomen: tg 6 distinct from ep, but narrower than tg 5 and ventral margin may be narrowed almost to a point; pregenital st not modified; prg always distinct and most often distinctly setulose, fused to hypandrium or joined to it by a short membrane, never with an intermediate sclerite; psg and bac scl not always discernible, but in those species where these structures have been identified, they are small and simple when compared to other genera; ej apd often sclerotised and tubule to basiphallus sometimes visible; distiphallus usually large and of complicated structure, mostly membranous, but with several sclerotised plates; cercus always small, narrowly separated and finely setulose; surstylus usually separated from ep.</p><p>Female postabdomen: Segment 8 with only st sclerotised and in most species this is divided into two lateral plates; subanal plate (sap) present, small, poorly sclerotised and often with very fine setulae on minute papillae; supra-anal plate not developed; 2 small (0.04–0.07 mm) spermathecae dark coloured (grey, brown or black) lying deep to lateral aspect of tg 6 or 7; spermathecal ducts not sclerotised or pigmented.</p><p>Length: ♂ and ♀1.2 –2.2 mm; wing 1.2–2.0 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636707B6AEAD2FAC7E39AFCC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636727B67EA36FCE9E55BFE20.text	03BA186636727B67EA36FCE9E55BFE20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia Hendel 1933	<div><p>Key to species of African Gymnochiromyia</p><p>1 Metanotum black or brown contrasting with pale adjacent sclerites; hypl darkened .............................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>– Metanotum yellow, if darker, not clearly contrasting with adjacent sclerites; hypl pale, only at base of haltere sometimes darker ..................................................... 5</p><p>2 Mesonotum with brown or black stripes .............................................................. 3</p><p>– Mesonotum not striped ......................................................................................... 4</p><p>3 Most of lateral margin of scut dark; ep dark; ♂ with brown mark in anterior half of apical third of wing; ♀with brown spot laterally at the middle of the third antennal segment; setae on head and thorax very long: anterior orb as long as width of fr at same level, posterior orb longer than height of eye, prescutellars as long as scut; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 19 ............................................................... nubilipennis sp. n.</p><p>– Only basal part of lateral margin of scut dark; ep often yellow (variable); wing entirely hyaline; ♀with third antennal segment entirely yellow; setae on head and thorax of normal length: anterior orb about half as long as width of frons at same level, posterior orb distinctly shorter than height of eye, prescutellars about 1/3 as long as scut; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 5, ♀, Fig. 7 ............................... capensis sp. n.</p><p>4 1+3 dc, tergites shiny, ep brown, acrs in six rows; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 26 .......................................................................................................... turneri sp. n.</p><p>– 0+2 dc, tergites matt, ep yellow with brown midline spot just above cerci and narrow brown transverse band along anterodorsal edge near tg 6 (Fig. 2d), acrs in eight rows; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 3, ♀, Fig. 4 ........................................... balteata sp. n.</p><p>5 The following character states present simultaneously: msn with two stripes, acrs in four rows, ep yellow without spots, apical segments of ♀abdomen without spots; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 17, ♀, Fig. 18 ................................................... milleri sp. n.</p><p>– msn without stripes, acrs in 6–8 rows (except in some specimens of gilva and megacephala where rows may be reduced to 4–6) ............................................... 6</p><p>6 Males .................................................................................................................... 7</p><p>– Females (note: females of gilva, malagasica &amp; stuckenbergi are unknown) ..... 16</p><p>7 oc triangle yellow, tergites yellow dorsally, brown on lateral margins, 0+3 dc; ep with small oval spot in middle (as in maraisi, see Fig. 12); ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 25 ................................................................................................ stuckenbergi sp. n.</p><p>– oc triangle black or at least ocelli ringed with black, tergites darker dorsally than laterally or entirely yellow, 0+2 dc ....................................................................... 8</p><p>8 Epandrium, viewed from behind, with a distinct midline brown spot ................. 9</p><p>– Epandrium uniformly yellow.............................................................................. 13</p><p>9 Epandrial spot large, more or less rhomboidal and almost reaches anterior border of ep (Fig. 2a), oc triangle yellow, ocelli ringed with black; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 8 .............................................................................................................. gilva sp. n.</p><p>– Epandrial spot smaller, occupying less than 1/3 width or height of ep when viewed from behind ......................................................................................................... 10</p><p>10 Prescutellar acrs distinct but short, epandrial spot broader, more pentagonal in shape with large central part clearly shining and well separated from edge of ep above cerci (Fig. 2e); ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 9 ................................... maculiventris sp. n.</p><p>– Prescutellar acrs setae well-developed; epandrial spot narrow oval or rectangular, not or very little shining and lower edge touching the margin of ep above the cerci (Figs 2a, c, d, e) .................................................................................................. 11</p><p>11 acrs in 8–10 irregular rows at level of transverse suture, epandrial spot small, more or less triangular and touching posterior margin of ep above cerci; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 23 .............................................................................................. setulosa sp. n.</p><p>– acrs in 6–8 irregular rows at level of transverse suture, epandrial spot either rectangular or well separated from edge of ep above cerci (Figs 2b, f) ............. 12</p><p>12 Epandrial spot small, oval and situated at middle third (Fig. 2b), apex of distiphallus large and broadly globular; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 12 ...................... maraisi sp. n.</p><p>– Epandrial spot narrow, rectangular and situated at posterior third just above cerci (Fig. 2f), apex of distiphallus narrow and more or less pointed; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 21 .......................................................................................... punctata Ebejer</p><p>13 oc triangle dark, 0+1 dc, acrs in 6–8 rows, tergites long setulose; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 20 ........................................................................................ pretoriella sp. n.</p><p>– Not with all these character states combined...................................................... 14</p><p>14 Head large and broader than thorax (Fig. 15) with very deeply recessed gena, usually 0+3 dc, acrs posteriorly often markedly reduced in number to one or two pairs; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 14 .............................................................. megacephala sp. n.</p><p>– Head normal, 0+2 dc, acrs posteriorly usually more numerous, at least 3–4 pairs ............................................................................................................................ 15</p><p>15 Frons broad, at level of antennae about 1.2 width of one eye; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 11 ........................................................................................ malagasica sp. n.</p><p>– Frons narrower, at level of antenna about 0.8 width of one eye; ♂ postabdomen, Fig. 24 ............................................................................................ spinifera sp. n.</p><p>16 Apical tergites with well-defined dark spots ...................................................... 17</p><p>– Apical tergites without discrete dark spots ......................................................... 19</p><p>17 Tergites subshining, each becoming darker at middle third where more discrete brown spots appear, which in turn become darker towards apex of abdomen, sometimes a short brown stripe is present along dc line posteriorly, sometimes metanotum more brownish than yellow, abdominal setulae long pale brown to black: on dorsal aspect of tergites at least 2/3 length of tg; ♀postabdomen, Fig. 10 ....... ............................................................................................... maculiventris sp. n.</p><p>– Tergites matt, usually only tg 7 with small, brown, more or less quadrate spot at middle third; setulae on dorsal part of tergites short; most only 1/3 length of tg ............................................................................................................................ 18</p><p>18 Only tg 7 with small, brown, more or less quadrate spot at middle third; caudal end of plates of st 8 rounded and without any extension; ♀postabdomen, Fig. 13 ...... ......................................................................................................... maraisi sp. n.</p><p>– Either tg 7 with small, pale brown, more or less quadrate spot at middle third, or all tergites darkened at middle; caudal end of plates of st 8 with broad triangular extension; ♀postabdomen, Fig. 22 ............................................. punctata Ebejer</p><p>19 oc triangle dark, 0+1 dc, tergites with brown setulae ................. pretoriella sp. n.</p><p>– oc triangle yellow, 0+2 dc, tergites with brown or yellow setulae ..................... 20</p><p>20 Head large and broader than thorax, with deep and recessed gena; acrs sparse in 4– 6 rows, tergites yellow with pale setulae; ♀postabdomen, Fig. 16 ....................... ................................................................................................ megacephala sp. n.</p><p>– Head at most as broad as thorax and gena not recessed or exceptionally deep, acrs numerous in 6–8 rows ......................................................................................... 21</p><p>21 Tergites yellow with pale yellow setulae, which laterally are about 3/4 length of tg ......................................................................................................... setulosa sp. n.</p><p>– Tergites pale brownish yellow with dark brown setulae, which laterally are about only half length of tg ..................................................................... spinifera sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636727B67EA36FCE9E55BFE20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866367F7B66EA93FDB1E0C9FB0D.text	03BA1866367F7B66EA93FDB1E0C9FB0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia balteata Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia balteata sp. n.</p><p>Figs 2d, 3, 4</p><p>Etymology: From Latin balteus (belt). The name refers to the dark metanotum contrasting with the pale thorax and abdomen, giving the appearance of a belt around the waist of the insect.</p><p>Diagnosis: msn completely yellow without any markings, acrs in 8 rows, mtn and hypl at base of haltere dark; ♂ with brown spot on ep, ♀abdomen all yellow, without dark spots.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: fr yellow with margins slightly convergent, at level of antennae about equal to width of one eye; oc triangle yellow and oc ringed with black; ocp yellow; antenna all yellow, only third segment of arista black; gena yellow and pale yellow setulose, in profile about 1.1 height of eye; eye elongate-oval, longest axis almost horizontal; face very pale yellow, poorly sclerotised with thin and shallow median carina; mouthparts entirely yellow. Chaetotaxy: stronger setae pale brown to yellow, 3 usual orb, 1 vti and 1 vte, crossed pvt, postoculars in single row and longer postgenal setula.</p><p>Thorax: Entirely yellow and msn unstriped, only mtn and base of haltere dark brown. Chaetotaxy: setae pale brown, 2 hu (one very short), 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 0+2 dc, acrs in 8 rows with prescutellar pair as long as anterior dc; 1 mspl and 1 stpl each with a few adjacent short white setulae.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.7 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins equal to 0.6 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Entirely yellow and pale yellow setulose; claws black except at base.</p><p>Abdomen: Yellow and slightly shining; setulae about 1/3 length of tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep with dark brown margin at base dorsally and more or less triangular dark spot at apex just above cercus; surs fused to ep, long broad and curved inwards; prg with about 10 comparatively strong setae, ph relatively simple appearing mostly as broad tubular structure.</p><p>Female.</p><p>Similar to male, but setae a little darker; tg pale brown over most of dorsal surface on basal segments, becoming less so on apical segments which are completely unspotted. Postabdomen (Fig. 4) with st 8 formed of two well sclerotised plates.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.7 mm, wing 1.5 mm; ♀1.8 mm, wing 1.6 mm.</p><p>Variation: None noted.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ NAMIBIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.653889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.991112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.653889/lat -27.991112)">Lüderitz District</a>: 8 km W Rosh Pinah, 27º59'28"S: 16º39'14"E, Malaise trap, 10– 26.viii.1998, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs and E. Marais, in glycerine tube (NMNW).</p><p>Paratypes: NAMIBIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.7/lat -27.516666)">Lüderitz District</a>: 3♀Spitzkop 111, 27º31'S: 16º42'E, pitfall traps, 8–19.viii.1990, E. Marais &amp; C. Roberts, in alcohol (NMNW) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.6/lat -27.816668)">1♀Skorpion area</a>, 27º49'S: 16º36'E, 9.viii.1997, beating/sweeping, A. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.466667/lat -27.633333)">1♀Rooiberg</a>, 27º38'S: 16º28'E, 22–24.ix.1997, Malaise trap, A. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866367F7B66EA93FDB1E0C9FB0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866367E7B60EAFBFB4DE044FAB0.text	03BA1866367E7B60EAFBFB4DE044FAB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia capensis Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia capensis sp. n.</p><p>Figs 5–7</p><p>Etymology: Named after the former Cape Province of South Africa.</p><p>Diagnosis: This is one of the smaller species in the genus and exhibits significant chromatic variation; msn with 3–4 stripes (middle pair may be coalescent), dark brown mtn, hypl and ep; the larger setae on head and thorax vary from brown to dark brown; abdomen with shiny brown tergites.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: Yellow except for black oc triangle; fr protruding above antennae, about half width of head, narrowed anteriorly, at level of antennae 0.7 width at level of anterior oc and 0.7 width of one eye viewed from in front. Gena in profile a little narrower anteriorly, depth below middle of eye about 0.8 eye height, yellow and pale haired. ocp in profile not visible behind eye; with short postocular setulae in an irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta present, but small and indistinct. Mouthparts small and yellow; buccal margin with long setulae. Face poorly sclerotised, depressed with a shallow linear median carina. Antenna yellow, second segment paler with distinct short dark seta dorsally; third segment round, finely pubescent: hairs not as long as diameter of arista at base; arista almost entirely dark and completely bare. Chaetotaxy: 3 strong orbs, the anterior inclinate; distance between middle and posterior orb almost twice that between anterior and middle; pvt well-developed and crossed, about half length of hind orb; 1 vti and 1 vte; oc proclinate and divergent; about 8 short setulae across middle of fr. All setae and setulae yellow.</p><p>Thorax (description supplemented with reference to paratypes because type is pinned through posterior msn and part of scut): msn with a brownish pattern consisting of a rounded spot behind hu, confluent with a stripe reaching as far back as wing base and with a pair of broad stripes in the middle between the dc lines; stripes tend to be darker posteriorly and behind hu lateral stripes, those between dc and ia lines may extend to lateral margin of scut; scut yellow; posterior third of stpl especially at upper [posterior] corner and hypl brown; mtn dark brown. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu with adjacent setula, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc with a shorter one in front of it, acrs in 6 irregular rows, 1 pair of prescutellars; 1 mspl and 1 stpl.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.7 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins equal to 0.6 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker femora; fine setulae scattered on all pairs of legs in addition to longer setae on fore femur; claws and pulvilli normal.</p><p>Abdomen: tg brown, a little shiny; longer setae on tg 4 and 5 laterally, setae pale and about as long as tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: tg 6 unusually large for the genus, about 0.8 length of ep; cerci, in profile, appear rounded apically; ep distinctly angled at lower posterior corner with surs embedded in fold, angled and blunt at tip, curved medially; hyp small; ph apd and ej apd not clearly identified; prg trapezoidal, slightly curved with setae on inferior surface; psg projecting from behind and medial to surs; distiphallus a little broader apically.</p><p>Female.</p><p>Similar to male, but larger and somewhat darker; distance between cross veins almost equal to length of apical section of Cu; tg may be darkened only along midline, with apical 2 tg often darkest. Postabdomen (Fig. 7) with paired plates of st 8 of characteristic shape with lobulated margins and invaginated fold caudally.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.2 mm, wing 1.3 mm; ♀1.6 mm, wing 1.9 mm.</p><p>Variation: The extent of darkening of msn stripes and tg varies from almost completely yellow to dark brown; in the male paratype from Namibia, the middle msn stripes are fused into one; setae and setulae can also be dark brown in the darker forms; some males have ep almost completely dark brown except for lower margin.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: Knersvlakte north of Vanrhynsdorp, 6–9.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA, 1178).</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: 1♀same data and depository as holotype; 1 ♂ Mossel Bay, 5– 31.vii.1921, R.E. Turner (Brit. Mus. 1921-315) (NHML); 1♀Mossel Bay, vi–vii.1930, R.E. Turner (Brit. Mus. 1930-402) (NHML); 1 ♂ 1♀Atlantic coast, Ysterfontein, 20.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) ; 1 ♂ Strandfontein coast west of Vanrhynsdorp, 15–17.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) ; 1♀Bredasdorp District, Arniston coastal dunes, 22–23.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) ; 1 ♂ 1♀Saldanha, 8–9.x.1977, Malaise trap, R.M. Miller (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1♀same data (NMC); 1 ♂ 1♀Laaiplek, 9.x.1977, Malaise trap, R.M. Miller (NMSA); 1 ♂ 1♀same data (TAU); 1 ♂ Strandfontein, Groot-Sandleegte, 12.x.1977, Malaise trap, R.M. Miller (NMSA) . Eastern Cape: 2♀Van Stadens Pass, 29.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) . NAMIBIA: Lüderitz District: 1 ♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.6/lat -27.816668)">Skorpion area</a>, 27º49'S: 16º36'E, 9.viii.1997, beating/sweeping, A. KirkSpriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW) ; 1♀Rooiberg, 27º38'S: 16º28'E, 22–24.ix.1997, Malaise trap, A. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW); 2♀Tsaus, 27º10'29"S: 16º07'06"E, 24–26.ix.1997, in alcohol, E. Marais &amp; A.H. Kirk-Spriggs (NMNW) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866367E7B60EAFBFB4DE044FAB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636787B62EA8EFA05E3F2FE74.text	03BA186636787B62EA8EFA05E3F2FE74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia gilva Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia gilva sp. n.</p><p>Figs 2a, 8</p><p>Etymology: From Latin gilvus (yellow); refers to the predominant colour of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis: A completely yellow species except for the black oc triangle and a large dark brown spot on the ep; acrs in 4 rows at level of transverse suture, more numerous posteriorly between dc; pale setae and setulae.</p><p>hyp</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: All yellow; oc triangle yellow with oc ringed black; fr broad, at level of antennae 0.7 width at level of anterior oc and here 1.2 width of eye; fr protruding slightly above antennae. ocp in profile clearly visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta distinct, pale almost white. Gena in profile narrower anteriorly, depth below middle of eye about 0.8 height of eye, yellow with very pale setulae. Mouthparts small, all yellow; setulae of buccal margin relatively short except for two long setae just below vibrissal angle. Face depressed and poorly sclerotised. Antenna yellow, second segment paler than third, with distinct pale seta dorsally; third segment round, finely white pubescent, pubescence a little shorter than diameter of arista at base; arista with black third segment and yellow first and second segments. Chaetotaxy:3 strong orb, anterior inclinate, middle and posterior orb reclinate, all more or less equidistant from each other and with a few fine setulae on orb plate between them; in addition, several fine pale setulae scattered on fr; pvt short, but distinct; 1 vti and 1 vte both strong; oc 0.75 length of hind orb, proclinate and lateroclinate, 0.75 length of vti; setae of fr and vertex brown.</p><p>Thorax: Entirely yellow; msn darker yellow but without stripes. Chaetotaxy: 2 hu, one long and one short, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 dc, acrs in 4 rows at transverse suture, increasing in number posteriorly; 1 mspl, 1 stpl, both with white setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale brown, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.8 that between R and M 1+2; distance between crossveins equal to 0.7 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>4+5</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker femora; brown setae and setulae scattered on all pairs of legs; in addition longer setae present on fore femur; claws and pulvilli normal.</p><p>Abdomen: All tg and st yellow and with brown setae and setulae, the longest about half length of tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep entirely pale yellow and with pointed anteroventral corner, prg in profile appearing broad trapezoidal, surs short and strongly curved, ph apd and hyp with no distinctive features, ej apd visible, distiphallus very large and more or less globular at apex.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.7 mm, wing 1.8 mm.</p><p>Variation: The two paratypes have paler setae and setulae and the acrs in 6 rows. One of these males has the long prescutellar acrs absent.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo: Soutpansberg, 1500 m, 15 km NW Louis Trichardt, 25.xii.1994, A. Freidberg (TAU).</p><p>Paratypes: 1 ♂ same data and depository; 1 ♂ same data (NMSA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636787B62EA8EFA05E3F2FE74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866367A7B7DEADBFE41E506F945.text	03BA1866367A7B7DEADBFE41E506F945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia maculiventris Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia maculiventris sp. n.</p><p>Figs 1, 2e, 9, 10</p><p>Etymology: From Latin macula (spot) and venter (abdomen); the combination refers to the abdominal spots.</p><p>Diagnosis: Males have a brown spot on the ep and females have a brown spot on the midline of tg 2–7 (sometimes restricted to tg 5–7); acrs in 6–8 irregular rows at the level of the transverse suture, mtn yellow to brown; the apical section of Cu is equal to the distance between the crossveins.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: All yellow except for black oc triangle; fr (distorted in type; description supplemented from paratype with same data) broader than half width of head, narrowed anteriorly, at level of antennae 0.7 width at level of anterior oc, and 0.5 width of one eye, viewed from in front; fr protruding above antennae. Gena recessed so that in profile it is distinctly narrower anteriorly; depth below middle of eye about 0.8 height of eye; gena yellow with pale setulae. ocp in profile clearly visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta long and golden yellow. Mouthparts small, all yellow; setulae of buccal margin relatively long especially the upper 4. Face depressed, with distinct but low linear carina. Antenna with both second and third segments equally pale, second with distinct short dark seta dorsally; third segment round, finely pubescent, hairs a little shorter than diameter of arista at base; arista black to base and completely bare. Chaetotaxy: 3 strong orbs, anterior slightly inclinate, middle and posterior orb reclinate but also somewhat divergent, middle orb closer to first than the hind orb; about 10 fine pale setulae on orb plate between orb; in addition, about 16 fine pale brown setulae scattered on fr; pvt cruciate, about half length of hind orb; 1 vti and 1 vte; oc as long as hind orb, proclinate and divergent.</p><p>Thorax: msn, scut and pleura all yellow; mtn pale brown. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 dc decreasing in size from back to front, acrs in 6–8 irregular rows at transverse suture; 2 longer distinct prescutellar acrs; 1 mspl, 1 stpl, both with a few setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.7 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins equal to length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker fore and hind femora; generally fine yellow setulae scattered on all pairs of legs and in addition longer setae present on fore femur.</p><p>Abdomen: All tg and st yellow and with pale setae.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep with a black almost triangular spot on posterior surface; this spot, even when large, does not extend as far as anterior margin or posteroinferior margin of ep, cerci small and finely setulose; surs long, curved, with slightly undulating outline and distinct seta directed laterally at apex; hyp broad and short; ph apd narrow and well sclerotised and more curved than usual; ej apd and tubule distinct, but small; prg triangular and setose on outer surface below, psg not identified; distiphallus asymmetrical and relatively small and simple.</p><p>Female.</p><p>Differs as follows: msn with a short dark mark just lateral to dc line posteriorly; abdomen with brown spot on middle of tg 2–7; setae and setulae stronger; postabdomen (Fig. 10) with paired sclerites of st 8 comparatively small, but each with strong setae placed on minute tubercles.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.6 mm, wing 1.6 mm; ♀1.7 mm, wing 1.8 mm.</p><p>Variation: Markings on msn generally absent in males, but variably present in females and vary in intensity of pattern and colour; posterior crossvein often oblique and distance between crossveins sometimes equal to apical section of Cu; dc may be better developed in females but there is never one in front of suture; in darker specimens, setae and setulae are often dark brown almost black; mtn varies from yellow (the more usual) to brown.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: Mossel Bay, vii.1938, R.E. Turner (NHML, B.M. 1939-98) .</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: 1 ♂ 1♀same data (NHML, B.M. 1939-98); 1 ♂ 1♀same data (NMC); 1 ♂ same data (NMSA); 1 ♂ 3♀same data, but vi–vii.1930 (NHML, B.M. 1930-402); 1♀Mossel Bay, ii.1922, R.E. Turner (NHML, B.M. 1922-97); 1♀Mossel Bay, v.1936, R.E. Turner (NHML, B.M. 1930-266); 1♀Cape Hermanus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.233334/lat -34.416668)">Hoy’s Hill</a>, 7.x.1993, 34º25'S: 19º14'E, 60 m, Flowers &amp; Dassie hole, J.G.H. Londt (NMSA) . Eastern Cape: 1♀Aliwal North, xii.1922, R.E.Turner (NHML, B.M. 1923-45); 1♀Katberg, 1–10.ii.1933, R.E. Turner (NHML, B.M. 1939-139); 1♀Barkly East District, Lundeans Nek, 1925–2000 m, 18.i.1963, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) . KwaZulu-Natal: 1♀Eshowe, 6–31.v.1926, R.E.Turner (NHML, B.M. 1926-232); 5♀Pietermaritzburg, 6.i.1954, 16.xi.1954, 24.xi.1954, 25.xi.1954, 1.xii.1954, B. Stuckenberg (NMSA) ; 3♀Pietermaritzburg, 17.x.1983, 18.x.1983, on window, R.M. Miller (NMSA) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.333334/lat -29.566668)">1♀Pietermaritzburg</a>, 20.i.1993, 29º34'S: 30º20'E, 900 m, Montrose house, J.G.H. Londt (NMSA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866367A7B7DEADBFE41E506F945	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636647B7CEAEBFF64E052F947.text	03BA186636647B7CEAEBFF64E052F947.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia malagasica Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia malagasica sp. n.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Etymology: Named for Madagascar, where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Diagnosis: A completely yellow species except for a narrow darker line laterally on the msn; distance between R 2+3 and R 4+5 on costa equal to distance between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins 1.4 length of posterior crossvein; these proportions are unique among the species so far described in this genus.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: All yellow, including oc triangle and oc; fr broad with margins only slightly convergent, at level of antennae 0.9 width at level of anterior oc and 1.2 width of eye; fr protruding only slightly above antennae; ocp in profile barely visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta distinct, pale, almost white. Eye oval, long axis lying almost horizontal. Gena narrower anteriorly; depth below middle of eye about half height of eye, yellow with very pale setulae. Mouthparts small, all yellow; setulae of buccal margin short except for two long setae just below vibrissal angle. Face depressed and poorly sclerotised. Antenna yellow, second segment paler than third, with distinct pale seta dorsally; third segment round and rather smaller than congeners: pubescence a little shorter than diameter of arista at base; arista entirely yellow. Chaetotaxy: 3 orbs on right side, but 4 on left (middle orb duplicated); pvt short, but distinct and crossed; 1 vti and 1 vte both strong; oc 0.75 length of hind orb, proclinate and lateroclinate, 0.75 length of vti; setae of fr and vertex yellow.</p><p>Thorax: Entirely yellow; msn on each side with a narrow darker yellow stripe of apparently coarser texture, running from transverse suture to hind margin between sa and ia lines; hu callus of similar texture. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu and 3 short setulae, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 short sa, 1 pa, 0+1 dc with a much shorter seta in front, acrs in 6 rows at transverse suture increasing in number posteriorly, prescutellar pair short and wider apart than usual, thus each is distinctly closer to hind dc than to each other; 1 mspl, 1 stpl, both with a shorter adjacent seta and white setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance between R 2+3 and R 4+5 on costa equal to distance between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins 1.4 length of posterior crossvein. Haltere pale yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker front femur; pale setae and setulae scattered on all pairs of legs, in addition longer setae present on fore femur.</p><p>Abdomen: All tg and st pale yellow and with short setulae.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep appears more globular than congeners, ph apd short and broad, hyp more or less parallel-sided in side view and small; prg small, narrow and very finely setulose, surs sinuate and truncate at apex, psg and bac scl not identified, distiphallus complex and mostly membraneous.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.5 mm, wing 1.4 mm.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ MADAGASCAR: coastal dry scrub north of Toliara, 15.ii.1984, M. von Tschirnhaus, in alcohol (tube label: 1179) (ZSM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636647B7CEAEBFF64E052F947	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636677B7EEA90FF64E262FA10.text	03BA186636677B7EEA90FF64E262FA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia maraisi Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia maraisi sp. n.</p><p>Figs 2b, 12, 13</p><p>Etymology: Named in honour of Eugene Marais, who collected the species in Namibia.</p><p>Diagnosis: A pale yellow species with an outward appearance very similar to maculiventris, but the hypopygium is similar to stuckenbergi; the male has a brown spot on the ep and females have a brown spot in the midline only on tg 7; acrs in 6–8 irregular rows at the level of the transverse suture, mtn yellow.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: All yellow except for some darkening in the middle of oc triangle; oc red ringed with black; fr narrow, at level of anterior oc equal to width of eye viewed from above and at level of antenna half width of that at level of anterior ocellus; in profile, fr protruding slightly just above antennae and visible at level of oc triangle; scattered upon it are about 10 very short and fine pale yellow setulae. Gena recessed so that it is distinctly narrower in front than behind; below middle of eye it is about 0.9 height of eye; gena yellow with very pale setulae; isolated lower post-genal seta short and pale, but distinct. Mouthparts all yellow; palp short somewhat spatulate; setulae of oral margin relatively long especially 2 just below vibrissal angle. Face depressed, with low linear carina. Antenna with both second and third segments equally pale yellow, second with distinct short pale seta dorsally; third segment round, finely pubescent: hairs a little shorter than diameter of arista at base; arista except for first segment black, clearly though finely pubescent. Chaetotaxy: 3 equally long orb, oc divergent and proclinate and about 0.75 length of posterior orb, pvt relatively long and crossed and about 0.5 length of vte and, vti which are the longest setae on head; postocular setulae relatively long, but sparse and in 1 regular row.</p><p>Thorax: Entirely pale yellow, only msn a little deeper yellow in colour and unstriped; mtn clear yellow. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu with 2 setulae adjacent, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 dc decreasing in size from back to front, acrs in 6–8 irregular rows at transverse suture; 2 short but distinct prescutellar acrs; 1 mspl, 1 stpl, both with long white setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.8 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about 0.8 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker fore and hind femora; generally fine yellow setulae scattered on all pairs of legs and in addition longer setae present on fore femur.</p><p>Abdomen: All tg and st yellow and with pale brown setae, which on dorsum only about 1/3 length of tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep with small oval brown spot on middle third of posterior surface; cerci small pale and finely setulose; surs long, strongly angled, with rough anteroventral margin; hyp broad and short; ph apd normal; ej apd distinct with its broad tubular connection to basiphallus clearly visible though translucent; prg broad at base,narrowing distally to truncate end and setulose on outer surface below, psg not identified, distiphallus large and complex, more or less globular relatively symmetrical and at apex, within the circular outline, when viewed from in front a distinct tubular structure is evident.</p><p>Female.</p><p>As in male except for secondary sexual characters, but with the following additional differences: fr setulae brown, abdomen with dull brown spot in middle of tg 7; setae and setulae on abdomen darker than in male. Postabdomen (Fig. 13) with paired sclerites of st 8 close to each other and each with the medial margin distinctly curved.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.5 mm, wing 1.6 mm; ♀1.7 mm, wing 2.0 mm.</p><p>Variation: Females are remarkably uniform.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ NAMIBIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.095278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.077501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.095278/lat -21.077501)">Brandberg District</a>: Brandberg, Mason Shelter, 21º04'39"S: 14º05'43"E, 05– 14.iii.2002, 1750 m, Malaise trap, riverbed, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW).</p><p>Paratypes: NAMIBIA: 3♀same data and depository; 1♀same data (NMC); 1♀same data (NMSA); 1 ♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.547501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.17861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.547501/lat -21.17861)">1♀Brandberg</a>, below Wasserfallfläche, 21º10'43"S: 14º32'51"E, 18–22.iii.2001, McPhail trap baited with NU lure &amp; mono-ethylene glycol, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636677B7EEA90FF64E262FA10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636667B7BEADFFA55E341FEE7.text	03BA186636667B7BEADFFA55E341FEE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia megacephala Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia megacephala sp. n.</p><p>Figs 14–16</p><p>Etymology: From Greek mega (large) and cephalos (head); after the characteristically large head.</p><p>Diagnosis: A pale yellow species with a remarkably large head, in some specimens almost as large as thorax excluding scut; markedly protruding fr and deeply recessed gena; acrs in 4–6 irregular rows at the level of the transverse suture, rapidly decreasing behind, so that at the level of the hind dc or even before there are often only two rows; no developed prescutellars; 1–2 dc, mtn yellow to brown.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: All yellow except for black oc triangle; fr broader than half width of head, narrowing anteriorly where at level of antennae it is 0.5 width that at level of anterior oc, and 0.6 width of one eye, viewed from in front; fr protruding above antennae. Gena markedly recessed so that it is much narrower in front than behind; below middle of eye it is about 1.2 height of eye; gena yellow with pale setulae. ocp in profile clearly visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta distinct. Mouthparts small, all yellow; setulae of oral margin relatively short. Face depressed poorly sclerotised except for a narrow median line.Antenna yellow, second segment paler than third, with distinct short dark seta dorsally; third segment round, finely pubescent: hairs a little shorter than diameter of arista at base; arista pale yellow and completely bare. Chaetotaxy: 3 strong orbs, anterior slightly reclinate, middle and posterior orb reclinate, all more or less equidistant from each other and with a few fine setulae on orb plate between them; in addition, about 30 fine white setulae scattered on fr; pvt very short, indistinct; 1 vti and 1 vte; oc as long as hind orb proclinate and lateroclinate.</p><p>Thorax: All yellow with pale yellowish brown markings on msn: two broad stripes from anterior margin between dc and ia lines reaching just beyond wing base, and two central stripes between the dc lines reaching half way to scutellem; scutellum, mtn and pleura yellow. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc with a shorter one in front, acrs in 4–6 irregular rows at transverse suture decreasing markedly in number posteriorly; 1 mspl, 1 stpl.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.8 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about 0.8 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker femora; generally fine setulae scattered on all pairs of legs and longer setae present on fore femur; claws and pulvilli normal.</p><p>Abdomen: All tg and st yellow and with pale setae, the longest about half length of tg. Postabdomen: ep a little narrower than usual for genus, cerci relatively large and finely setulose; surs long, pointed, curved and with undulating outline; hyp broad and short; ph apd well sclerotised; ej apd distinct and trapezoidal in shape; prg lobate and bare, psg similar, but appears narrow in profile; distiphallus asymmetrical and enlarged.</p><p>Female.</p><p>As in male, except for secondary sexual characters. Postabdomen (Fig. 16) with characteristically shaped sclerites of st 8 each having a medially directed flange; st 7 small but strongly setose.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.6 mm, wing 1.6 mm; ♀1.8 mm, wing 2.0 mm.</p><p>Variation: Markings on msn vary in intensity of pattern and colour; depth of gena variable but never less than eye depth and always strongly receding; distance between crossveins sometimes equal to apical section of Cu; a third short dc may be present, but this always behind suture; in darker specimens the apical 2/3 of arista may be brown, as may the larger setae on thorax; there may be anything from 0+1 to 1+4 dc, in the case of the latter the first 2 to 3 are always much shorter than the hindmost dc; the usual number of dc is 0+2.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: Jeffrey’s Bay, dune vegetation, 2.xi.1978, R.M. Miller &amp; J. Londt (NMSA, 1179).</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: 9 ♂ 5♀same data; 2 ♂ 2♀same data (MJE); 2 ♂ 2♀same data (NMC); 2 ♂ 2♀same data (NMNW); 2 ♂ 2♀same data (TAU); 2 ♂ same data (ZSM); 1♀Kleinemond, 7.x.1953, B. Stuckenberg (NMSA) ; 4 ♂ 7♀Port Elizabeth, Zwartkops R. coastal dunes, 29.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) ; 1 ♂ 11♀11 km SW Alexandria Boknes, 3326DA, coastal dune vegetation, 3.xi.1978, J. Londt &amp; R.M. Miller (NMSA) ; 2♀same data (ZSM); 1♀Transkei, The Haven, coastal dunes, 24– 28.vi.1979, 3228 Bb, R. Miller &amp; B. Stabbins (NMSA) . Western Cape: 2 ♂ 2♀Milnerton, i.1926, R.E. Turner (Brit. Mus. 1926-71) (NHML); 1♀Mossel Bay, 13.xii.1938, R.E. Turner (Brit. Mus. 1939-56) (NHML) ; 1♀2.5 mi. S Elandsbaai, coastal sand dunes, 30 ft, 16.xi.1972, M.E. &amp; B.J. Irwin (NMSA) ; 1♀Arniston, 10 m, low coastal dunes, 22.viii.1973, M.E. Irwin (NMSA) . KwaZulu-Natal: 1♀15 km NE Howick, Karkloof falls, 1500 m, 14.ii.1979, R.M. Miller (NMSA) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636667B7BEADFFA55E341FEE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636637B7BEAABFEF9E3D1F949.text	03BA186636637B7BEAABFEF9E3D1F949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia milleri Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia milleri sp. n.</p><p>Figs 17, 18</p><p>Etymology: Named after R.M. Miller, who collected this species.</p><p>Diagnosis:A yellow species with brown stripes running the length of msn near midline; entirely yellow pleura and ep; scut distinctly broader than long.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: Shrivelled, yellow with only oc triangle black; fr with about 30 fine white setulae; antenna and first two segments of arista yellow, remainder of arista black; mouthparts yellow, palp cylindrical; gena yellow and although somewhat shrivelled, appears to be less than height of eye; usual 3 orb, 1 vti, 1 vte and shorter pvt; oc as long as posterior orb and about 1.8 length of pvt.</p><p>Thorax: msn dull yellow with 2 brown stripes along midline reaching to anterior dc, scut yellow, broad at base about 1.4 its length; mtn and all pleura yellow. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and 1 short hu with setula between them, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 stpl and 1 mspl with a few setulae in front of each, 0+2 dc, acrs relatively long in 4 irregular rows, prescutellar weak, less than 1/3 length of posterior dc; 1 mspl, 1 stpl.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.6 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about 0.5 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Yellow and brownish yellow setulose with no special modifications except slight dilatation of femora.</p><p>Abdomen: All yellow with moderately long brown setulae.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep all yellow and covered with rather denser than usual brown setulae, with strong anteroventral angle at point of fusion with hyp, cerci small and finely setulose, ph apd narrow, ej apd small but distinct with narrow tubule visible to basiph, prg trapezoidal and finely setulose, psg small, surs with apex curved anteriorly, bac scl distinct, distiphallus broad apically and with pointed lobe.</p><p>Female.</p><p>As in male except for secondary sexual characters. Postabdomen (Fig. 18) similar to maculiventris, but sclerites of st 8 with setae placed more medially and not on minute tubercles and rostral edge of each sclerite distinctly curved towards dorsum of abdomen.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.5 mm, wing 1.6 mm; ♀1.7 mm, wing 2.0 mm.</p><p>Variation: Markings on msn barely discernable in two specimens whereas eight specimens have additional short stripes laterally to middle pair and three specimens have setulae of first costal section longer than thickness of costa.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: 10 km SE Vanrhynsdorp, along river, Malaise trap, 14.x.1977, R.M. Miller (NMSA, 1186).</p><p>Paratypes: 9♀same data and depository; 2♀same data (NMC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636637B7BEAABFEF9E3D1F949	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636627B75EAD3FD10E20DFBA7.text	03BA186636627B75EAD3FD10E20DFBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia nubilipennis Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia nubilipennis sp. n.</p><p>Fig. 19</p><p>Etymology: From Latin nubilus (cloud) and penna (wing); the combination refers to the coloured patch on the wing of the males.</p><p>Diagnosis: This species is characterized by unusually long setae especially vertical and scut; by 2 black msn stripes lateral to dc lines that may continue on to lateral boarder of the scut; male with a brown patch in anterior half of apical third of wing. Among the Chyromyidae known so far, this is the only species that has a coloured patch on the wing in the male.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: Somewhat shrivelled, yellow with black oc triangle; fr narrowing towards antennae, yellow (discoloured posteriorly due to post mortem changes) with about 8 fine white setulae; gena pale yellow about 0.65 height of eye; face poorly sclerotised and depressed; antenna yellow, third segment with dense fine pubescence around anterior margin; second segment with long yellow seta dorsally; arista black almost to base of third segment, but first two segments all yellow; peristomal setae white, as long as those on gena; isolated post-genal seta long; postocular setulae long and 2 irregular rows; vti and vte very long, vti about twice as long as hindmost of 3 orb; oc and pvt of equal length and about as long as anterior orb.</p><p>Thorax: msn pale brown; anteriorly just above neck a pair of very short broad black confluent stripes narrowly separated in midline only posteriorly, these do not extend beyond hind margin of hu; lateral to these and medial to hu, but set back a little is a round black spot; in line with this but commencing behind transverse msn suture is another narrower black stripe that continues along lateral boarder of scut and on to mtn, itself all black; viewed from above, hu and ntpl appear contrastingly pale yellow; pleura entirely pale yellow apart from dark brown spot on hypl and around base of haltere. Chaetotaxy: 0+2 dc set far back, acrs in 6 irregular rows, prescutellar pair almost as long as hind dc, 2 hu, (one long, one short), 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 short pra (in holotype only), 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 usual pairs of scut but apical pair almost twice as long as basal pair, 1 mspl, 1 stpl, in addition several long white setulae on both sclerites.</p><p>Wing: Veins brown except M vein along discal cell and posterior cross vein, both of which are very pale yellow; wing membrane with oval brown patch in apical half extending from costa to midway between R 4+5 and M 1+2 and sparing the wing apex; setulae on first costal section unusually long, about 1.5 to 2 thickness of costa; distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.5 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about 0.7 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: All yellow and yellow setulose without special modifications apart from slightly dilated femora.</p><p>Abdomen: tg dark brown, moderately shining; only extreme lateral margin yellow; dark brown setulae about as long as tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep dark brown, cerci pale and finely setulose; surs short, broad at base, curved and markedly tapering to a blunt end at apex; hyp broad and short; ph apd narrow and poorly sclerotised; ej apd small, indistinct and bilobed; prg large, trapezoidal and finely but densely setulose, psg small; ph asymmetrical and enlarged giving the impression of being spherical at apex.</p><p>Female.</p><p>Similar to male, but third segment of antenna with large brown spot on both sides, msn stripes shorter, msn dull yellow rather than pale brown, abdomen with lighter brown tg and wing without coloured patch.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.6 mm, wing 1.5 mm; ♀1.7 mm, wing 1.9 mm.</p><p>Variation: Male paratype is more like the females in colouring and msn stripes much less developed; tg including ep brown only centrally; however, the wing marking extends beyond M vein towards hind margin.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ NAMIBIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.5925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.078335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.5925/lat -21.078335)">Brandberg District</a>: Brandberg, Mason Shelter, 21º04'42"S: 14º35'33"E, 05– 14.iii.2002, 1750 m, light-trap, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs (NMNW).</p><p>Paratypes: 2♀same data and depository; 1 ♂ 1♀same data (NMSA).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636627B75EAD3FD10E20DFBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866366D7B77EA82FB32E378FD25.text	03BA1866366D7B77EA82FB32E378FD25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia pretoriella Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia pretoriella sp. n.</p><p>Fig. 20</p><p>Etymology: Named after Pretoria, the South African city where it was found.</p><p>Diagnosis: This is a small entirely yellow species with the hypopygium distinctly larger than is usual in the genus: it forms approximately 1/3 the volume of the whole abdomen, whereas in other species 1/5 to 1/4 is more typical. Otherwise, there are no external distinguishing features.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: All yellow except for brownish oc triangle; fr narrower than half width of head, markedly narrowed anteriorly: at level of antennae 0.4 width that at level of anterior oc and 0.6 width of one eye viewed from front. Gena, more or less symmetrically rounded lower margin; in profile, below middle of eye, about equal to height of eye; yellow and pale haired. ocp in profile barely visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta long and golden yellow. Mouthparts small, all yellow; setulae on oral margin short. Face poorly sclerotised and depressed, barely visible.Antenna yellow, second segment paler than third with distinct short pale brown seta dorsally; third segment round, finely pubescent: hairs shorter than diameter of arista at base; arista brown almost throughout and completely bare. Chaetotaxy: 3 strong orbs, anterior inclinate and closer to middle orb than latter is to hind orb; pvt short, but distinct and crossed; 1 vti and 1 vte; oc about half length of hind orb, proclinate and lateroclinate; about 4 minute pale setulae across middle of fr, none on orb plate.</p><p>Thorax: Entirely yellow including mtn. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 short pra, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 dc, acrs very short in 6–8 irregular rows, one prescutellar pair distinctly longer; 1 mspl, 1 stpl.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.8× that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about 0.5 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for very slightly thicker femora; fine setulae scattered on all pairs of legs, in addition to somewhat longer setae on fore femur.</p><p>Abdomen: Entirely yellow, tg relatively short with numerous setae and setulae, longest about half as long as tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: Hypopygium about as large as the preceding two visible abdominal segments together; ep large without markings, but with distinct seta at the ventrocaudal angle; surs short but distinct and slightly curved medially at apex; cerci very small and finely setulose; hyp distinctly broader basally in profile; ph apd short, narrow, broad only at base; ej apd very small and tubule visible; prg trapezoidal and setulose on margin; psg not identified, ph complex, subquadrate and asymmetrical.</p><p>Female.</p><p>Similar to male except for absence of secondary sexual characters; and setae more brownish.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.2 mm, wing 1.2 mm; ♀1.4 mm, wing 1.4 mm.</p><p>Variation: None noted.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng: Pretoria, Roodeplaat Dam N.R., 25 km NE Pretoria, 2.i.1995, A. Freidberg (TAU).</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng: 1♀same data and depository as holotype; 2 ♂ Hartbeespoort, 25 km W Pretoria, 30.xii.1994, A. Freidberg (TAU).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866366D7B77EA82FB32E378FD25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866366F7B77EAFDFCBAE344FB50.text	03BA1866366F7B77EAFDFCBAE344FB50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia punctata : Ebejer 1996	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia punctata Ebejer, 1996</p><p>Figs 2f, 21, 22</p><p>Gymnochiromyia punctata: Ebejer 1996: 297 .</p><p>Although this is not a Southern African species, it is included here as the only other species known from the Afrotropical Region until now. The type series has been reexamined and additional material listed below have been studied. The holotype had not been dissected, but a drawing was given of the postabdomen in situ. As more detailed postabdominal dissections are now required, the macerated postabdomens of a male and a female from the type locality (though not from the type series) are here illustrated. Material examined: ♂ holotype and 15 ♂ 11♀paratypes (NMC); YEMEN: 1♀Ta’izz, 5.i–2.ii.1998, light trap, A.van Harten &amp; A.Awad (NMNW); 1 ♂ 1♀Ta’izz, x.1999, light trap, A.van Harten &amp; A. Awad (TAU); 1 ♂ same data (NMNW); 1 ♂ same data (NHML); 1 ♂ 1♀Sana’a, vii.1999, light trap, A.van Harten (NMSA); 1♀3.iv.1999, light trap, A.van Harten (NHML) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866366F7B77EAFDFCBAE344FB50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866366F7B71EA93FB6EE00CFE0F.text	03BA1866366F7B71EA93FB6EE00CFE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia setulosa Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia setulosa sp. n.</p><p>Figs 2c, 23</p><p>Etymology: From Latin setulae, diminutive of setae (bristles); after the more than usual numerous setulae.</p><p>Diagnosis: A completely yellow species very similar to gilva, and also with a dark brown spot on the ep; acrs shorter and in 8 irregular rows; generally paler setae and setulae; frons narrowing more markedly at level of antennae.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head:All yellow; oc triangle yellow with oc ringed black; fr narrow, at level of antennae 0.45 width of that at level of anterior oc. ocp in profile just visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta distinct, pale almost white. Gena narrower in front than behind; below middle of eye it is about 0.9 height of eye, yellow with pale golden yellow setulae. Mouthparts small, all yellow; setulae of oral margin relatively short except for one long seta just below vibrissal angle. Face depressed and poorly sclerotised. Antenna yellow, second segment paler than third, with distinct pale seta dorsally; third segment round, finely white pubescent: pubescence very short; arista with black second segment and yellow first two segments. Chaetotaxy: 3 strong orbs, anterior inclinate, middle and posterior orb reclinate, all more or less equidistant from each other and with a few fine setulae on orb plate between them; in addition, about 30 fine pale setulae scattered on fr; pvt distinct and crossed; 1 vti and 1 vte; oc as long as hind orb, proclinate and lateroclinate. Setae of fr and vertex yellow.</p><p>Thorax: Entirely yellow; msn darker yellow but without stripes, rather densely short setulose. Chaetotaxy: 2 hu, one long and one short, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 2 dc, acrs in 8–10 irregular rows at transverse suture increasing in number posteriorly, prescutellar distinct; 1 mspl, 1 stpl, both with pale setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.6 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about equal to length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs: Not modified except for slightly thicker femora; pale yellow setae and setulae scattered on all pairs of legs.</p><p>Abdomen: All tg and st yellow and with yellow setae and setulae, the longest on lateral aspect of tg about 3/4 length of tg.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep slightly elongated, cerci pale and finely setulose; surs short and pale with rounded apex, hyp small, ph apd narrow and short, ej apd distinct, prg small and round, finely setulose, psg small and sinuous, ph large and asymmetrical, bac scl not identified.</p><p>Female. Similar to male but without secondary sexual characters.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.7 mm, wing 1.6 mm, ♀2.0 mm, wing 1.9 mm.</p><p>Variation: None noted.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng: Pretoria, Hartbeespoort, 25 km W Pretoria, 30.xii.1994, A. Freidberg (NMSA, 1177).</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng: 1 ♂ same data as holotype (NMC); 1 ♂ same data (TAU) . Eastern Cape: 1♀7 km N Steytlerville, Groot R., 3324AB, 30.x.1978, lucerne field, R.M. Miller (NMSA) ; 1♀same data (TAU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866366F7B71EA93FB6EE00CFE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636697B70EA98FE4CE0C9FE7B.text	03BA186636697B70EA98FE4CE0C9FE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia spinifera Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia spinifera sp. n.</p><p>Fig. 24</p><p>Etymology: From Latin spinifer (prickly); the name refers to the minute spine-like setulae on the prg.</p><p>Diagnosis: An entirely yellow species with only the oc ringed with black, otherwise there are no good external distinguishing features.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: Yellow; fr with margin moderately converging; at level of antenna 0.6 that at level of anterior oc; oc triangle yellow but oc distinctly ringed with black; about 16 minute pale golden yellow setulae on fr; eye oval lying oblique; gena in profile, below middle of eye, 0.9 height of eye; yellow and with pale setulae; ocp in profile barely visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one row; isolated lower post-genal seta long and pale; mouth parts small all yellow; 2 long setulae on oral margin at vibrissal angle; face poorly sclerotised and depressed; antenna all yellow, third segment a little larger than usual for genus and densely pubescent, second segment with brown dorsal seta, third aristal segment black, first two segments yellow; orb setae normal for genus, 1 vti and 1 vte, pvt distinct and crossed, oc long and divergent.</p><p>Thorax: msn yellow and unstriped; pleura and mtn yellow, no darker spot at base of haltere. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu with shorter seta and fine setula adjacent, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 0+2 dc, acrs in 6 rows at level of transverse suture, prescutellar short; 1 mspl and 1 stpl, each with a few setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow; distance between R and R 4+5 about 0.7 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2 at costa; distance between crossveins about 0.8 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere pale yellow.</p><p>2+3</p><p>Legs: All yellow and not modified except for very slightly thicker fore femur; fine yellow setulae scattered on all pairs of legs, in addition to somewhat longer setae on fore femur.</p><p>Abdomen: tg entirely yellow; short setulose reaching about half length of tg on sides; st pale yellow.</p><p>Postabdomen: ep small; broad basally, ph apd long, ej apd indistinct, surs long, broad at base and slightly dilated and rounded at apex, a little curved inwards, cerci small and finely setulose, prg oval and short spinose on ventral aspect; psg and bac scl not identified, ph asymmetrical more or less globular at apex.</p><p>Female. Similar to male but without secondary sexual characters.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.5 mm, wing 1.5 mm; ♀1.8 mm, wing 1.7 mm.</p><p>Variation: The distance between the crossveins may be a little less than that given for the holotype.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: 7 km N Steytlerville, Groot R., lucerne field, 30.x.1978, R.M. Miller (NMSA).</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: 1 ♂ 1♀same data and depository as holotype; 1 ♂ same data (NMC) . NAMIBIA: Lüderitz District: 1 ♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.466667/lat -27.633333)">1♀Rooiberg</a>, 27º38'S: 16º28'E, 22–24.ix.1997, Malaise trap, A. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Marais (NMNW) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636697B70EA98FE4CE0C9FE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA186636687B73EADEFE7EE06DFC73.text	03BA186636687B73EADEFE7EE06DFC73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia stuckenbergi Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia stuckenbergi sp. n.</p><p>Fig. 25</p><p>Etymology: Named in honour of Brian Stuckenberg who collected the species and many other specimens of Chyromyidae in South Africa.</p><p>Diagnosis:A predominantly yellow species with 3 posterior dc (most species have only one or two); the abdomen, unusually, has the tergites paler dorsally than ventrolaterally, otherwise there are no good external distinguishing features. The distiphallus is exceptionally large.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: Yellow; fr at level of anterior oc 1.3 width of one eye; oc triangle yellow but with small black area between oc; 8 minute pale setulae on fr hardly visible. Gena in profile, below middle of eye, about equal to height of eye; yellow and with pale setulae. ocp in profile barely visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one row above and two rows below; isolated lower post-genal seta long and pale yellow. Mouth parts small, palp narrow, all yellow; 3 long setulae on oral margin. Face poorly sclerotised and depressed. Antenna all yellow, second segment with brown dorsal seta, third aristal segment black, first two segments yellow; orb setae normal for genus, 1 vti and 1 vte, pvt almost as long as anterior orb.</p><p>Thorax: msn yellow, pale brown only at middle anteriorly near transverse suture; pleura and mtn yellow. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu with shorter seta and fine setula adjacent, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 0+3 dc, acrs short in 6–8 rows at level of transverse suture; 1 mspl and 1 stpl, each with a few setulae in front.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R 2+3 to R 4+5 is 0.7 that between R 4+5 and M 1+2; distance between crossveins about 0.9 length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>Legs:All yellow and not modified except for very slightly thicker fore and hind femora; fine yellow setulae scattered on all pairs of legs, in addition to somewhat longer setae on fore femur.</p><p>Abdomen: tg yellow becoming pale brown on sides, short setulose; st yellow.</p><p>Postabdomen: Hypopygium small, ep with brown oval spot at middle, without distinct seta at the ventrocaudal angle, hyp short trapezoidal in profile, surs short with broad base and curved apex; cerci small and finely setulose; ph narrow, almost parallel sided; ej apd small; prg elongate trapezoidal and setulose on ventral aspect; psg elongate lying transversely with broader finely denticulate apex, bac scl triangular in posterior view, ph very large, complex, asymmetrical and appearing more or less globular.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.8 mm, wing 2.0 mm.</p><p>Variation: None noted.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: Royal Natal National Park, i.1962, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA, 1187).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA186636687B73EADEFE7EE06DFC73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
03BA1866366B7B72EA96FC70E3B4FB40.text	03BA1866366B7B72EA96FC70E3B4FB40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnochiromyia turneri Ebejer 2008	<div><p>Gymnochiromyia turneri sp. n.</p><p>Fig. 26</p><p>Etymology: Named after R.E. Turner who collected this species and many other specimens of Chyromyidae in South Africa.</p><p>Diagnosis: A small species with pale brown msn stripes anteriorly and a presutural dc. The tergites and sternites are predominantly dark brown; the tergal setulae are long.</p><p>Description:</p><p>Male.</p><p>Head: Yellow. Gena in profile, below middle of eye, about equal to height of eye; yellow and with pale setulae. ocp in profile barely visible behind eye, with short postocular setulae in one irregular row; isolated lower post-genal seta short and pale yellow. Mouthparts small, palp narrow, all yellow; setulae on oral margin short. Face poorly sclerotised and depressed. Antenna yellow, second segment with strong dark dorsal seta, third segment brown, arista black except for yellow first two segments.</p><p>Thorax: msn yellow with pale brown stripes anteriorly; pleura and mtn yellow, only stpl with triangular pale brown mark. Chaetotaxy: 1 hu, 1 psthu, 2 ntpl, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1+3 dc, acrs short in 6 irregular rows, one prescutellar pair longer; 1 mspl and 1 stpl.</p><p>Wing: Hyaline, veins all pale yellow, distance on costal margin between R to R 4+5 is 0.6 that between R and M; distance between crossveins about equal to length of apical section of Cu. Haltere yellow.</p><p>2+3</p><p>4+5</p><p>1+2</p><p>Legs: All yellow and not modified except for very slightly thicker femora; fine yellow setulae scattered on all pairs of legs, in addition to somewhat longer setae on fore femur; claws and pulvilli normal.</p><p>Abdomen: tg and ep dark brown, moderately shining and with relatively long setulae, the longest on the sides about as long as tg; tg 5 with yellow apical band occupying about 1/4 length of tg and ep with yellow inferior margin. st 5 black and proximal st brown (some of this darkening may be due to postmortem changes).</p><p>Postabdomen: Hypopygium small; ep without distinct seta at the ventrocaudal angle; surs short with broad base, not visible in lateral view because it is infolded within ep, cerci small and finely setulose; hyp, in profile, broad basally; ph apd narrow, ej apd small indistinct; prg trapezoidal and setulose on ventral aspect; psg elongate lying transversely, ph moderately pigmented, asymmetrical.</p><p>Female. Similar to male except for secondary sexual characters.</p><p>Length: ♂ 1.3 mm, wing 1.4 mm; ♀1.7 mm, wing 1.9 mm.</p><p>Variation: None noted.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: Mossel Bay, vi–vii.1930, R.E. Turner (Brit. Mus. 1930-402) (NHML). Slightly damaged: oc triangle, adjacent part of fr, hindmost orb, verticals and pvt missing.</p><p>Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: 1♀same data and depository as holotype; 1♀Mossel Bay, vi.1938, R.E. Turner (Brit. Mus. 1939-98) (NHML); 1♀Atlantic Coast, Ysterfontein, 20.x.1964, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (NMSA) .</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</p><p>I am indebted to the following colleagues for facilitating loans of specimens: John C. Deeming (NMC), Amnon Freidberg (Zoological Museum, TAU), Ashley H. KirkSpriggs (Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa; formerly of NMNW); Marion Kotrba (ZSM); Mikhail Mostovski and his predecessor David Barraclough (NMSA); Eugene Marais (NMNW); Michael von Tschirnhaus (University of Bielefeld, Germany); Nigel Wyatt (NHML). I also thank the reviewers Wayne Mathis (Smithsonian Institution, USA) and David Barraclough (University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa) for many helpful comments on an earlier draft.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1866366B7B72EA96FC70E3B4FB40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ebejer, M. J.	Ebejer, M. J. (2008): New species of Gymnochiromyia Hendel, 1933 (Diptera: Schizophora: Chyromyidae) from Southern Africa. African Invertebrates 49 (1): 77, DOI: 10.5733/afin.049.0102, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.049.0102
