taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BB8784C9247839FF77C49CD10CF8B4.taxon	description	1. Riukiaria anachoreta Tanabe, 1988 — Japan, Kyushu, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kagoshima City, Yoshida 2. Riukiaria bifida (Takakuwa, 1942) — Japan, Ryukyus, Kagoshima Prefecture, Amami-O-shima Island 3. Riukiaria capaca Wang and Zhang, 1993 — China, Fujian Prov., Jangle County 4. Riukiaria chelifera (Takakuwa, 1941) — Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Ishigaki-jima Island 5. Riukiaria chinensis Tanabe, Ishii and Yin, 1996 — China, Zhejiang Prov., Tian-mu Mts. 6. Riukiaria cohaesiva (Wang, 1957) — Taiwan, Taipei County, " Urai " (= Wulai) 7. Riukiaria contigua (Wang, 1957) — Taiwan, Taipei County, " Urai " (= Wulai) 8. Riukiaria cornuta (Haga, 1968) — Japan, Kyushu, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kuma District, Mt. Gongen-yama 9. Riukiaria datei (Miyosi, 1957) — Japan, Shikoku, Ehime Prefecture, Minamiuwa District, Ka-shima Island 10. Riukiaria diacantha (Miyosi, 1952) — Japan, Shikoku, Ehime Prefecture, Kitauwa District, Aizi (= Kihoku Town) 11. Riukiaria falcifera Verhoeff, 1936 — Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa-jima Island 12. Riukiaria geniculata (Takakuwa, 1941) — Japan, Kyushu, „ Nagasaki ” 13. Riukiaria holstii (Pocock, 1895) — Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa-jima Island 14. Riukiaria jamila Tanabe, 1990 — Japan, Ryukyus, Kagoshima Prefecture, Yaku-shima Island 15. Riukiaria marinae (Golovatch, 1978) — Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki Prefecture, Unzen City, Obama 16. Riukiaria montana (Haga, 1968) — Japan, Kyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kitakyushu City, Mt. Sarakura-san 17. Riukiaria ochracea (Gressitt, 1941) — Taiwan, „ Sozan ” 18. Riukiaria puella Tanabe, 1988 — Japan, Ryukyus, Kagoshima Prefecture, Yaku-shima Island 19. Riukiaria pugionifera Verhoeff, 1936 — Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa prefecture, Okinawa-jima Island 20. Riukiaria rosulans (Tömösváry, 1885) — Japan, Kyushu, „ Nangasaki ” 21. Riukiaria scutata (Takakuwa, 1942) — Japan, Ryukyus, Kagoshima Prefecture, Amami-O-shima Island 22. Riukiaria semicircularis (Takakuwa, 1941) — In the original description the type locality was not specifically designated. However, in the list of localities given there Kagoshima [City] is the first, then followed by Honshu (north to Ishikawa Prefecture) of Japan, and Busan of South Korea. Riukiaria semicircularis hosidei (Miyosi, 1952) — Japan, Honshu, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Hagi City, Kasayama 23. Riukiaria spiralipes (Takakuwa, 1942) — Japan, Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Kume-jima Island 24. Riukiaria taiwana (Takakuwa, 1942) — Taiwan, Taichung County, Taichung 25. Riukiaria uncata (Haga, 1968) — Japan, Honshu, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Mine District, Shibuki 26. Riukiaria uraensis (Wang, 1956) — Taiwan, Taipei County, " Urai " (= Wulai) In addition to the 26 nominal species and one subspecies above (some of them may turn out to be synonyms of each other), the following two species can probably also be assigned to Riukiaria: “ Pachydesmus ” attemsi Wang, 1960 (Taiwan, Yan Ming Shan), and Sinoria tianmu Tanabe, Ishii and Yin, 1996 (China, Zhejiang Prov., Tian-mu Mts.). Here we present the descriptions of two new species, both from the Ryukyu Archipelago which gave its name to the entire genus (Verhoeff 1936).	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C926783FFF77C5F6D2A5FA19.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male (NSMT-My 377) — Japan, Northern Ryukyus, Osumi Group, Tane-ga-shima Island, Nakatane Town, Cryptomeria mixed forest close to the airport, 260 m alt., N 30.6401 ° E 130.9797 °, 7 July 2010, leg. R. & Z. Korsós. Paratypes: 3 females, 3 juvs (NSMT-My 378, HNHM) — Same locality and date. 3 females (RUMF) — Japan, Northern Ryukyus, Osumi Group, Tane-ga-shima Island, Nakatane Town, Cryptomeria forest close to the airport, 260 m alt., N 30.6401 ° E 130.9797 °, 12 October 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C926783FFF77C5F6D2A5FA19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of the genus Riukiaria as defined by Shinohara (1977) and Tanabe and Shinohara (1996) with the simple, forceps-like male gonopod conformation. It differs from all congeners by its coloration (a pair of distinct dark, brownish-black patches on each segment, including collum), by its exclusive occurrence on a single island (Tane-ga-shima), and in details of gonopod morphology: a small but definite triangular process ventrally on coxa (Figs 10 - 11, tp), and by shape and length of both prefemoral process and acropodite.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C926783FFF77C5F6D2A5FA19.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the color pattern, unusual in the genus (adjective, feminin).	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C926783FFF77C5F6D2A5FA19.taxon	description	Description. Measurements: Medium sized species in comparison to other members of the genus. Length of holotype male 40 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.5 mm, metatergal length 1.9 mm, collum width 6.2 mm, length 2.7 mm. Adult female body length 40 – 43 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.7 – 8.5 mm, metatergal length 1.8 – 2.2 mm, collum width 6.4 – 6.7 mm, length 2.9 – 3 mm (n = 3). Color in life (Fig. 2): Same coloration in both sexes, prozona, metazona with yellow background, metaterga laterally with a pair of distinct, oval, brownish-black patches, occupying about 1 / 4 th of total paranotal width on both sides. Paranota yellow with slightly darker, orange margins. Head dark greyish-brown, antennae, legs, and underside pale yellow or whitish. Collum with broad yellow anterior and lateral margins, the two dark spots closer to each other than on following metaterga. Last segment with epiproct uniformly yellow. Dark patches also distinct in UV light (Fig. 3), their fluorescence much less intense. Preserved specimens (70 % ethanol) after 10 months still have the typical pattern, although the patches are somewhat faded. Juvenile specimens (with body length of ca. 15 mm) uniformly greyish-yellow, and do not show the characteristic spots. Head smooth, epicranial suture distinct, 2 + 2 frontal setae, 1 + 1 between antennal sockets, 1 + 1 above clypeus, and 2 dense rows at its margin and on labrum. Antennae straight, first article globose, 2 nd about twice as long as first, articles 3 – 6 subequal in length, slightly longer than 2 nd, 7 th smallest, shorter than wide. Anterior part of gnathochilarial stipites and lamellae linguales densely hairy, mentum with a distinct, median hair-field. Collum convex, smooth, shiny, lateral and posterior margins with very weak ridge, lateral corners triangular, pointed caudad. Pro- and metaterga (Fig. 7) smooth without traces of tubercles or punctuation, but from 5 th onwards with definite posterior marginal ridge. Posteriolateral edge of paranota 2 – 3 triangular, of 4 th and onwards pointed caudad. Pores on paranota 5,7,9,10,12,13,15,16,17, and 18, in median depression in lateral view. Body sides between segments 5 - 16 parallel, segments 17 – 19 strongly tapering, posteriolateral projections becoming more pointed. Epiproct in dorsal view triangular, its straight shape only broken by 3 + 3 lateral and 1 + 1 apical knobs (Fig. 8), in lateral view protruding over paraprocts (anal valves), parallel-sided, straight. Setation: 1 + 1 anterio-laterally on knobs, 4 + 4 medially on lateral sides, 2 of them on knobs, and 2 + 2 apically, not on knobs. Paraprocts marginate with 2 + 2 setae, one pair marginally, the other pair posteriorly on sides of paraprocts, hypoproct wide subtrapezoid, with 1 + 1 setae on knobs. Midbody legs well separated, in male closer to each other (1.8 mm), in females separated by 2.4 – 2.5 mm, sterna smooth. Postgonopodal legs (in both sexes) with well-developed ventral spine on prefemur, increasingly stronger towards body end, coxa and prefemur subequal in length, femur long and slender, slightly clavate, about 2.5 x as long as prefemur, postfemur and tibia subequal in length, postfemur thicker, tibia more slender, its length about 1 / 3 rd of femur, tarsus even more slender, about 1.5 x as long as tibia, claw (ca. 0.5 mm long) slightly curved. Sexual characters: Coxa of 2 nd legpair (Fig. 9) of holotype male with well-developed median projections about half as long as length of coxa, apically rounded without membraneous tubulae, with several short setae, 2 + 2 macrosetae sitting proximally from j oint of prefemur (1 anteriorly, 1 posteriorly), and 1 + 1 small ones on lateral FIGURES 7 – 9. Riukiaria maculata sp. n. holotype male. 7 = Anterior body part, dorsal view; 8 = Epiproct and 19 th segment, dorsal view; 9 = Sternum, coxa, and prefemur of 2 nd legpair, posterior view. Scales 1 mm (7,8), 0.5 mm (9). sides of coxa. Sternum on segment 4 (legpair 3) narrow, without lobes, on segment 5 (legpairs 4 – 5) and 6 (legpairs 6 – 7) gradually wider and smoother, bridging the 1.8 mm intercoxal distance on postgonopodal legs. No other sternal or leg modifications could be observed. Male gonopodal aperture on 7 th segment wide, elliptical, about twice as wide as long, gonopods in situ usually deeply embedded, with acropodites crossing each other. Coxa (Figs 10 – 11, c) stout, approximately as long as wide, without proximal apophysis but with small apophyseal macroseta (cm), and distally (ventrally) with small but definite, triangular projection (tp). Cannula normal, situated on mesal side. Telopodite has two simple processes (Figs 10 – 12), a shorter, more slender prefemoral process (pfp), and a long, curved, leaflike acropodite (solenomere, s), delimitation of which from the densely setose prefemur is hardly visible. The two processes form the the simple, forceps-like gonopodal apparatus typical for Riukiaria (Tanabe & Shinohara 1996). Prefemoral process slender, triangular (Fig. 12, pfp), about 3 / 4 th of length of acropodite, with no setae, hairs, or processes. Tip of acropodite (Fig. 12, s) bending backwards toward prefemoral process, almost touching it, its sides gradually tapering, prostatic groove running along mesal side, and ending on the pointed tip. Female cyphopods (Fig. 13) embedded closely behind 2 nd legpair, in large, ∞ - shaped aperture, valves (v) subrectangular, almost twice as wide as high, densely setose, with basal bumps of each seta giving a rough appearance to its surface and margins. Lateral operculum (op) large, thick, almost as high as valves, with dense setation, receptacles (r) embracing valves both anteriorly and posteriorly, subrectangular, with several series of short hairs along ventral, serrated-like margin.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C926783FFF77C5F6D2A5FA19.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Tane-ga-shima Island, northern Ryukyus (Osumi Island Group), Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Specimens were found in the single locality of a mixed forest of deciduous trees, possibly an old Cryptomeria japonica plantation. Search in other similar habitats on the island (about 445 square kilometers of total surface area) produced no more specimens.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C926783FFF77C5F6D2A5FA19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tane-ga-shima island, the locality of the new species’ population, is a member of the Osumi Islands, Northern Ryukyus, about 50 km southeast of Kyushu. It is an elongate island 57 km from north to south, and about 5 – 12 km from east to west, with the highest elevation 282 m. The nearest island is the small, uninhabited Mage-jima, with an area of only 8 km 2, and with no worth-while habitat for native millipedes. Yaku-shima island, on the other hand, the largest member of the Osumi Group, is about 30 km to the west, and has a notable vegetation and fauna. Its high mountains (up to 1936 m a. s. l.) are mainly covered by ancient Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest, and provide an optimal habitat for many endemics. Two Riukiaria species have been described from Yaku-shima (R. puella and R. jamila), but they both differ considerably in size (32 – 36 mm) and coloration from R. maculata sp. n.: R. puella is almost entirely yellow, whereas tergites of R. jamila are gray with yellowish white paranota. (For gonopod differences see Diagnosis.) In the southern part of Kyushu, one of the four main islands of Japan, three Riukiaria species are known to occur: R. cornuta, R. anachoreta, and R. semicircularis. Whereas their size is similar (R. anachoreta, body length 39 – 45 mm, R. semicircularis 40 mm) to, or larger (R. cornuta, 55 mm) than R. maculata sp. n., all three have a generally greenish or brownish gray color, with a little yellow or whitish tint on the paranota in R. cornuta and R. semicircularis. Moreover, metatergites of R. anachoreta show 3 transverse rows of conspicuous tubercles. Male gonopods also differ in the length and shape of the acropodite and prefemoral process, the former in case of R. cornuta bearing a small mesal tooth. The prefemoral process of R. semicircularis is long and slender, undulated like a flagellum, and only a little shorter than the acropodite, the tip of which bends backwards to form an almost completely closed oval. Based only on superficially similar coloration, we also might to compare R. maculata sp. n. with R. falcifera from Okinawa-jima island. The two locations are more than 500 km apart by sea, and R. falcifera is considerably larger (53 – 65 mm), but its coloration also differs from the new species, the dark spots never being so strong, and not of the same size. In R. maculata, the spots are always widely separated by the yellow median part, and all are the same size on each segment, giving really a ' spotted' appearance to the animal. In R. falcifera, on the other hand, the spots are blurred, sometimes missing or fused together, and change in their size and shape along the body of the animal. Since R. maculata sp. n. is only known from a single population, and because its attractive, colorful appearance we recommend the new species for full legal protection. The new species could well be one of the rarest Riukiaria species in Japan.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C9227833FF77C311D0B4FDC2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male (NSMT-My 379) — Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Mt. Dunandake, primary forest, N 24.4577 ° E 122.9711 °, 146 m alt., 31 August 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura. Paratypes: 3 males, 5 females, 2 juvs. (RUMF, HNHM) — Same locality and date. 1 male, 1 female (RUMF) — Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Adigara Cave area, near construction place, N 24.4599 ° E 122.9594 °, 44 m alt., 2 September 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura 2 females (NSMT-My 380) — Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Arakawabana forest trail, 134 m, primary forest, N 24.4441 ° E 123.0107 °, 1 September 2009, leg. Z. Korsós & Y. Nakamura 4 males, 5 females, 3 juvs. (RUMF, HNHM) — Japan, Southern Ryukyus, Yaeyama Group, Yonaguni-jima Island, Kubura-bari, N 24 ° 27.4 ’ E 122 ° 56.6 ’, 50 m alt., rocky grassland, 14 February 2010, leg. R. & Z. Korsós Diagnosis. A member of the genus Riukiaria as defined by Shinohara (1977) and Tanabe and Shinohara (1996) with the simple, forceps-like male gonopod conformation. It differs from congeners first of all by its coloration in life (almost uniformly pinkish-orange), by its exclusive occurrence on a single island (Yonaguni-jima), and in details of gonopod morphology. FIGURES 14 – 16. Riukiaria mundyi sp. n. 14 = Anterior body part paratype male, dorsal view; 15 = Epiproct of paratype male, dorsal view; 16 = Sternum, coxa, and prefemur of 2 nd legpair of paratype male, posterior view. Scales 1 mm (14,15) and 0.5 mm (16).	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C9227833FF77C311D0B4FDC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Mr. Imre Mundy (Budapest), a Hungarian engineer, long time friend and supporter of the first author (genitive, masculine).	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C9227833FF77C311D0B4FDC2.taxon	description	Description. Measurements: Body size generally smaller than in most other Riukiaria species. Length of males 36 – 42 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.5 – 8 mm, metatergal length 1.8 – 2 mm, collum width 6 – 6.6 mm, length 2.4 – 3 mm (n = 4). Female body length 36 – 41 mm, midbody paranotal width 7.8 – 8.6 mm, metatergal length 1.8 – 2 mm, collum width 6.3 – 7.1 mm, length 2.8 – 3.3 mm (n = 8). Kubura-bari population (see Remarks): Male body length 25 – 26 mm, midbody paranotal width 5.1 – 5.3 mm, metatergal length 1.2 – 1.3 mm, collum width 4.4 – 4.6 mm, length 1.9 – 2.1 mm (n = 4). Female body length 30 – 31 mm, midbody paranotal width 6.3 – 6.8 mm, metatergal length 1.3 – 1.4 mm, collum width 5.2 – 5.5 mm, length 2.5 – 2.6 mm (n = 5). Color in life (Fig. 4): Whole body is almost uniformly light orange, pinkish, occasionally tending toward reddish or dark yellowish. Head, prozona, legs, and underside paler, 6 th segment of antennae, tibiae and tarsi whitish. On collum and each metatergum a slightly darker, almost brownish median patch, pronounced towards paranota as oval spots. On preserved specimens (70 % ethanol) the vivid color quickly disappears, only shadows of the abovementioned pattern remains. Coloration of males and females does not differ. Fluorescence in UV light strong (Figs 5 – 6), especially on prozona and underside, metazona are slightly greyish. Head smooth, epicranial suture distinct, 2 + 2 frontal setae, several setae scattered above clypeus, with 2 dense rows at its margin and on labrum. Antennae straight, first article globose, 2 nd slightly clavate, subequal with articles 3 – 5, 6 th longest, about 1.2 x longer than 5 th, 7 th small, slender, slightly longer than wide. Gnathochilarial stipites and lamellae linguales covered densely with short hairs, large, triangular mentum with smaller, distinct, median hair-field. Collum convex, smooth, shiny, lateral and posterior margin with weak ridge, lateral corners triangular, slightly directed caudad. Pro- and metaterga smooth without any traces of tubercles or punctuation, not even wrinkles. Posteriolateral edge of paranota 2 – 3 triangular, on 4 th and onwards strongly pointed caudad (Fig. 14). Pore formula normal, pores on paranota 5,7,9,10,12,13,15,16,17, and 18, in median excavation of paranota (in lateral view). Sides between segments 6 – 13 perfectly parallel, segments 14 – 19 gradually tapering, posteriolateral projections become more pointed. Epiproct in dorsal view subtriangular (Fig. 15), in lateral view protruding over paraprocts, parallel-sided, slightly curved ventrad, with 7 + 7 setae, 3 + 3 of them sitting on knobs. Paraprocts strongly marginate with 2 + 2 setae, hypoproct with 1 + 1 setae on knobs. Midbody legs well separated (by 1.8 – 1.9 mm in males, 2.4 – 2.8 mm in females), sterna wide and smooth. Postgonopodal legs with moderately developed ventral spine on prefemur, increasingly stronger towards body end, femur about twice as long as prefemur, straight, postfemur crassate, tibia straight, both subequal in length and about 1 / 3 rd of femur, tarsus slender, about twice as long as tibia, claw (ca. 0.5 mm long) curved. Sexual characters: Male 2 nd legpair (Fig. 16) coxa with strong median projections about half as long as length of coxa, apically with membraneous tubules surrounded by strong setae, 1 + 1 macrosetae sitting at joint of prefemur (1 anteriorly, and 1 posteriorly). No other sternal or leg modification could be observed. Male gonopodal aperture on segment 7 wide, elliptical, about twice as wide as long, gonopods in situ usually deeply embedded, with acropodites crossing each other. Coxa (Figs 17 – 18, c) long, slender, about twice as long as wide, without apophysis but with small apophyseal macroseta (cm). Cannula normal, hidden on mesal side. Telopodite consists of two simple processes (Figs 17 – 18) forming a simple, forceps-like appearance typical for Riukiaria (Tanabe & Shinohara 1996), the shorter branch being the prefemoral process (pfp), growing proximally from the base of prefemur, the latter being thick and short, and densely covered with long hairs. Prefemoral process about 3 / 4 th of length of acropodite, devoid of any seta, knob, or additional process, flattened, parallel-sided, spatula-shaped, almost transparent. Acropodite (as a continuation of prefemur) long, scythe-shaped, arched proximally towards prefemoral process, with its slightly broadened to triangular, pointed tip (s) almost bending back to that. Distinction between prefemur and acropodite indefinite, hairs becoming scarcier at about 1 / 3 rd of total length, but about half length still a strong macroseta (ms) on lateral side of acropodite. Prostatic groove runs straight medially along mesal side of acropodite, and ends indistinctly on its pointed tip. Female cyphopods (Fig. 19) closely packed behind 2 nd legpair, in large, ∞ - shaped aperture, valves (v) are oval, nearly as high as wide, densely setose, operculum (op) on lateral side small, less than half as high as valves, with fewer and shorter but stronger setae, receptacles (r) embracing valves both anteriorly and posteriorly, subrectangular, with several series of short hairs only along ventral margin.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C9227833FF77C311D0B4FDC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. R. mundyi sp. n. is restricted to Yonaguni-jima Island, the southwesternmost member of the Yaeyama Island Group, southern Ryukyus, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
03BB8784C9227833FF77C311D0B4FDC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Yonaguni-jima island, the type locality of R. mundyi sp. n., is situated about 100 km east of Taiwan, and 80 km west of Iriomote-jima, another member of the Yaeyamas. On two of this latter island group, Iriomotejima and Ishigaki-jima islands, another species, R. chelifera, occurs. It is slightly larger (body length 45 mm), and its color pattern is different: head, antennae, proterga, large part of metaterga anteriorly dark brown or grey, posterior margin, paranota, tip of epiproct, and legs yellow. This is in strong contrast with the uniformly orange-yellow color of the new species. Male gonopods also differ, acropodite and prefemoral process being straight, slender, and almost equal in length, as opposed to the longer and curved acropodite with macroseta in R. mundyi sp. n. Comparison to the possible Taiwanese species, R. cohaesiva, R. contigua, and R. uraensis (from the region of Taipei, Wulai), all inadequately described and poorly illustrated by Wang (1956, 1957), is impossible without freshly collected material. Specimens of the new species in Yonaguni-jima were mostly collected along the edge of natural, deciduous forests, mostly in moist litter under the large leaves of Alocasia odora, but also close to human-disturbed areas like abandoned construction sites, ruined cave entrances etc. Adult specimens were collected at the locality Kuburabari, too, which is actually a pasture for the native, endemic race of horse (the Yonaguni pony), and these specimens were distinctly smaller than members of the other populations. This is perhaps due to that relatively harsh environment, the wind-swept rocky grassland on the western side of the island, generally poor in organic litter. The species was mentioned and illustrated as an undescribed Riukiaria from Yonaguni-jima island by Tanabe (2005). It was included into the Red Data Book of threatened wildlife of Okinawa and, though categorized as ’ data deficient’ (DD), its habitat was proposed for preservation. According to our observations, the species is not confined to any characteristic or undisturbed biotope on Yonaguni-jima Island so perhaps habitat conservation is not the best approach, but considering that the total area of the island itself is only 28.8 square kilometers, the populations of the new and unique species are indeed worthy of legal protection.	en	Korsós, Zoltán, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Tanabe, Tsutomu (2011): Two new millipede species of the genus Riukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa 2877: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277567
