taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B887ADFFE5FF86AFE8A96FFE79EE4D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The subfamily Orthotylinae is currently composed of six tribes, but Cassis & Schuh (2012) argued that the definition of the nominotypical tribe Orthotylini was uncertain due to the presence of paraphyletic groups. Many taxa within the Orthotylini possess significantly enlarged male parameres (comparing with small pygophore, cf. Figs. 2 A, D, 11 A), and uniquely developed male endosomal sclerites (Fig. 10 H) and female interramal lobes (Fig. 12 A, C). Schuh (1974) suggested a number of recognisable natural groups, including Zanchius and its allied genera in the Orthotylini. We have sampled numerous Oriental taxa belonging to the Zanchius group (e. g., Zanchius Distant, 1904; Itacorides Miyamoto, 1965; Latizanchius Lu & Zheng, 2001; Malacocorisella Yasunaga, 1999). Nonetheless, we will treat these taxa separately in our subsequent work (Duwal & Yasunaga in prep), as Zanchius group should belong to a distinct tribe (Cassis & Schuh, 2012). Species of the Zanchius group have unique characters that are obviously different from those of other orthotyline members, e. g., dorsally flattened head with small, anteriorly directed eyes removed from pronotum, delicate, often semitransparent forewings (Fig. 8 I), and largely membranous endosoma with simple spiculi. Most species of the Zanchius group are considered to be predators preying predominantly on auchenorrhynchans (e. g., Liu & Zheng, 2014; Yasunaga, 1999; Yasunaga et al., 2001). The fauna of the Orthotylini in Thailand and neighbouring countries of Indochina appears less speciose, compared with those revealed in other regions of the Old World and Pacific islands. Among more than 300 mirid species found mostly in Thailand, only 10 belong to Orthotylini. Based on available records, we presume that the Himalayas and adjacent ranges may be rich in Orthotylini. A relatively large number of Orthotylini taxa occur in southwest China, north of the Himalayan range (Liu & Zheng, 2014) and subalpine zones of Nepal (Yasunaga & Duwal, unpublished data). Four genera, Orthotylus, Cyrtorhinus, Melanotrichus and Pseudoloxops, are now recognised in Thailand (also in Indochina); all of these are widely distributed in the Old World. Owing to the lack of Palearctic element, the Indochinese orthotyline fauna is assumed to be represented primarily by a small minority of cosmopolitan taxa (e. g., Cyrtorhinus, Orthotylus). Among 10 described species of Cyrtorhinus, C. caricis (Fallén, 1807) is the only cool temperate zone inhabitant; eight congeners are known from Africa and Oceania (Schuh, 2002 – 2014); and C. lividipennis is widely dispersed over the Indo-Pacific region and temperate eastern Asia, possibly attributable to its unique ability for long-distance aerial migration (see Drake & Reynolds, 2012; Riley et al., 1987; Yasunaga, 1999). The finding of a new species in the present paper, C. indochinanus, presumed to be indigenous to Indochina, is significant. Orthotylus is one of the largest genera in the family Miridae, with more than 250 described species worldwide; remarkable adaptive radiation has been documented in the Hawaii Islands, the Ethiopian and the western Palearctic Regions (Schuh, 2002 – 2014). Eight subgenera were proposed for classification of the Old World members (Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999), but they are not applicable to the tropical and New World species, and some of them evidently require generic rank. Melanotrichus was originally proposed as a subgenus of Orthotylus (see Reuter, 1875). However, the monophyly of this group is well supported by the unique characters obviously different from those exhibited by the nominotypical Orthotylus or other related genera (tiny size; presence of both dark simple setae and sericeous scalelike setae; small eyes; short male parameres; and simple endosoma, cf. Figs. 4, 5). Thus, Melanotrichus was already upgraded to generic rank (e. g., Henry & Wheeler, 1988; Wheeler & Henry, 1992). The preponderance of the evidence suggests that Melanotrichus should be treated as an independent genus, although it is clear that a comprehensive revision of these widespread taxa is needed. According to this classification of Melanotrichus, we propose the following new combinations for species occurring in the Oriental and eastern Palearctic regions (all transferred from Orthotylus): Melanotrichus choii (Josifov, 1976), new combination; M. convexus (Liu & Zheng, 2014), new combination; M. elegantulus (Liu & Zheng, 2014), new combination; M. leukus (Liu & Zheng, 2014), new combination; M. longulus (Liu & Zheng, 2014), new combination; M. minutus (Jakovlev, 1877), new combination; M. orientalis (Poppius, 1915), new combination; M. parvulus (Reuter, 1879), new combination; M. rubidus (Puton, 1874), new combination; and M. schoberiae (Reuter, 1876), new combination. Pseudoloxops was originally proposed for a single European species, P. coccineus (Meyer-Dür, 1843). Subsequent workers described more than 40 species; the majority of congeners are known from the Pacific islands where the genus is considered to have radiated extensively, with many species that remain undescribed (Balukjian, 2013; Hazali, 2013; Schuh, 2002 – 2014). In the Oriental Region, including subtropical climate zone of eastern Asia, Pseudoloxops is represented by 10 species (Liu & Zheng, 2014; Yasunaga & Takai, 2017; Yasunaga et al., 2001). This work adds three new species to the Thai fauna. Many congeners exhibit two-tone, brilliant yellow-rouge pattern and species identification is usually performed by the external characters alone. However, the monophyly of Pseudoloxops is still uncertain because of excessive interspecific variation in the male genitalia (cf. Fig. 10).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE6FF86AFE8A86FFE1DECB3.taxon	description	C. lividipennis Reuter, 1885 (Figs. 1 C, D, 2 A – C, 3 A, B, 6 C, D) — Thailand (almost the whole country), Cambodia * (Siem Reap), China, India, Indonesia, Laos * (Vientiane), Korea, Myanmar * (Ayeyawady, Yangon), Malaysia, Nepal * (Kathmandu Valley), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam; widely known from the Indo-Pacific. Note: This famous predator of economically important cicadellid and delphacid rice pests is known to migrate from eastern Indochina or southeastern China to Japan and Taiwan over the East China Sea, availing of the summer (southwest or west-southwest) monsoon, along with migrant populations of the prey leafhoppers.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE6FF86AC88AC81FBC9EE13.taxon	description	P. pardellus Yasunaga, new species — Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 A – H, 5, 6 E – H)	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, THAILAND: Samut Prakan, Bang Pu, N 13 ° 31 ′ 07 ″ E 100 ° 38 ′ 57 ″ E, sweepnetting Sueada maritima, 21 December 2011, T. Yasunaga (AMNH _ PBI 00380551) (DOAT). Paratypes: THAILAND: Bangkok, Choen Tha Phae, N 13 ° 33 ′ 02 ″ E 100 ° 25 ′ 20 ″, Sueada maritima, 20 December 2011, T. Yasunaga, 2 males, 1 female (TYCN); Samut Prakan, same data as for holotype, except for date 15 June 2013, 10 males, 3 females (TYCN); same data, except for date 19 September 2013, 17 males, 18 females & 8 October 2013, 3 males, 7 females (DOAT, TYCN); Chon Buri, Bang Saen, N 13 ° 18 ′ 11.5 ″ E 100 ° 55 ′ 08.8 ″, Sueada maritima, 27 – 28 March 2010, T. Yasunaga, 33 males, 43 females (AMNH, CNC, TYCN) (3 females, 00380552).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognised by small, elongate oval (male) or suboval (female) body; uniformly pale green basic colouration (but easily fading to pale brown after preservation, cf. Fig. 6 E vs. 6 F); densely distributed sericeous, reclining, scalelike setae (but easily rubbed off as in Fig. 6 E, F); small eyes; short labium reaching middle of mesocoxa; C-shaped left paramere with blunt-tipped hypophysis and broad sensory lobe (Fig. 5 A); inflated sensory lobe and rather wide hypophysis of right paramere; and developed female interramal lobe (Fig. 5 E).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	description	Description. Body generally pale green but partly or entirely stramineous brown in dry-preserved specimen, small, elongate oval (male) or suboval (female); dorsal surface weakly shiny, with densely distributed, sericeous, reclining, scalelike setae and sparsely distributed, simple, brown, semierect setae. Head short, slightly pointed in front; eyes small. Antenna pale reddish brown; segment I pale green in live or fresh specimen; segment II longer than basal width of pronotum. Labium shiny pale brown, short, reaching middle of mesocoxa; apex of segment IV darkened. Pronotum and hemelytron shiny if sericeous setae rubbed off (Fig. 6 F); membrane semitransparent, with more or less smoky posterior part. Coxae and legs pale brown but pale green in live or fresh specimen; all tibia and tarsi pale brown; apex of each tarsus darkened. Male genitalia (Fig. 5 A – C): left paramere curled, C-shaped, with blunt-tipped hypophysis and broad sensory lobe (Fig. 5 A); right paramere with inflated sensory lobe and rather wide hypophysis; endosoma simple. Female genitalia (Fig. 5 D – F): Sclerotised ring decrescent, very tiny (Fig. 5 D); posterior wall with developed interramal lobe (Fig. 5 E). Measurements. Male / female: Total body length 2.45 – 2.60 / 2.64 – 2.77; width of head across eyes 0.55 – 0.59 / 0.60 – 0.62; width of vertex 0.28 – 0.30 / 0.37 – 0.38; lengths of antennal segments I – IV 0.19 – 0.23, 0.76 – 0.84, 0.65 – 0.72, 0.27 – 0.30 / 0.19 – 0.23, 0.76 – 0.89, 0.75 – 0.77, 0.33 – 0.36; total length of labium 0.58 – 0.60 / 0.67 – 0.71; basal width of pronotum 0.73 – 0.77 / 0.73 – 0.78; maximum width across hemelytra 0.88 – 0.92 / 0.97 – 1.08; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 0.87 – 0.90, 1.14 – 1.17, 0.34 – 0.38 / 0.88 – 0.92, 1.18 – 1.26, 0.39 – 0.42.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for Thailand, in combination with the Latin adjective maritimus [= of the sea], referring to the unique halophilic habitat of this new species; an adjective.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species was confirmed to be associated with the breeding host Sueada maritima (L.) Dumort (Amaranthaceae) along the northern coast of the Gulf of Siam (Fig. 4 H). Both adults (Fig. 4 A – D) and immature forms (Fig. 4 E – G) were seen almost throughout a year, and this mirid is thus assumed to have a multivoltine life cycle. However, populations were observed to decrease in the late dry season (January through February) and the hot summer season (April through May). Recently, rapid urbanisation and development of beach resorts seriously threaten and reduce the limited habitats (Sueada maritima vegetation) for this plant bug; this halophyte is officially designated as an endangered plant in southeastern Japan (Shishido & Yasunaga, 2016).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE0FF8CAC6AA8E1FF5CEC68.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Judging from the similarly small size and C-shaped left paramere, this new species is assumed to be sister to M. choii (Josifov, 1976) known to inhabit Saricornia spp. and Sueada maritima in Korea, northeastern China and southwestern Japan (Hyogo and Nagasaki Prefectures) (Shishido & Yasunaga, 2016). However, the latter species, inhabitant of temperate and cool temperate climate zones, has the shorter antennal segment II (less than basal width of pronotum), more strongly curled left paramere with acute, short hypophysis, narrower right paramere and shorter interramal lobe (Liu & Zheng, 2014; Shishido & Yasunaga, 2016). Several additional halophilic members of Melanotrichus, associated with species of Sueada or Salicornia, are also reported in Mediterranean Europe (Wagner & Weber, 1978) and the Nearctic Region (Henry, 1991).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 I, 7 A, B, 9 A, B, 10 A – D)	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, THAILAND: Rayong, Ban Phe coast, N 12 ° 35 ′ E 101 ° 25 ′, 0 m, on Hibiscus tiliaceus L., 27 – 29 December 2013, T. Yasunaga, B. Shishido (DOAT) (AMNH _ PBI 00380543). Paratypes: THAILAND: same data as for holotype, 1 female (TYCN) (00380544).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognised by the generally pale green (whitish brown in dried specimen, cf. Fig. 9 A, B), subparallel-sided body (Fig. 7 A, B); fuscous-red anterior portion of head and apex of cuneus; uniformly pale brown antennal segments II – IV; reddish lateral margins of pronotal calli; sanguineous veins of forewing membrane; apically notched pygophoral process (Fig. 10 A); flat, minutely serrate hypophysis of right paramere (Fig. 10 C); squared sensory lobe of left paramere (Fig. 10 D); broadened phallotheca; and two slender, long spiculi of endosoma (Fig. 10 B).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	description	Description. Body largely pale green, subparallel-sided; female larger than male; dorsal surface not spotted, with uniformly distributed, silky, semierect setae. Head fuscous red anteriorly, weakly pointed in front; eyes comparatively enlarged. Antennal segment I rouge, in male with two fuscous (inner and lateral) stripes; segments II – IV pale brown, except for extreme base of II rouge. Labium shiny pale brown, reaching apex of mesocoxa; apex of segment IV reddish brown. Pronotum pale green (pale yellowish brown in dried specimen), with reddish margin at lateral sides of calli; mesoscutum tinged with brown. Hemelytron shiny, smooth, without dark spots; apex of cuneus fuscous red; basal inner part of male cuneus with a rouge, short, oblique stripe; membrane pale smoky brown, darkened along sanguineous veins. Coxae and legs whitish brown; apical part of each femur faintly tinged with orange; proportion of meta-tarsomeres I – III as 4: 6: 7. Abdomen wholly pale brown (pale green in live or fresh specimen). Male genitalia (Fig. 10 A – D): Pygophore with sharp apical margin and distally serrate pygophoral process (Fig. 10 A); right paramere thickened, with triangular, spinulate subapical part of sensory lobe and flat, narrow, minutely serrate hypophysis (Fig. 10 C); left paramere with squared sensory lobe and medially bent, rather broad hypophysis (10 D); phallotheca broadened; endosoma with two elongate, slender spiculi (Fig. 10 B). Female genitalia not dissected. Measurements. Male / female: Total body length 3.00 / 3.50; width of head across eyes 0.71 / 0.72; width of vertex 0.30 / 0.33; lengths of antennal segments I – IV 0.41, 1.40, 0.60, 0.54 / 0.45, 1.35, 0.62, 0.56; total length of labium 0.90 / 0.99; basal width of pronotum 0.89 / 1.05; maximum width across hemelytra 1.08 / 1.50; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 1.20, 1.71, 0.30 / 1.35, 1.92, 0.33.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for its plant association with Hibiscus tiliaceus L.; used as a noun in apposition.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown; the two available specimens were collected by sweep-netting Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) at a sandy shore (Fig. 4 I).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFECFF89AFFCA94AFD40EAAE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Based on the similar colouration and morphology (generally pale green colouration, faintly orange apical part of each femur, produced subapical sensory lobe of right paramere, broadened, apically rounded phallotheca and two endosomal spiculi), P. hibiscus is most closely related to P. ayutthaya; But the latter can be distinguished from this new species by the left paramere more slender curved at middle, one of two endosomal spiculi thickened apically, and lacking any red pattern on the dorsum (Yasunaga & Yamada, 2009). Host preferences of these two species also differ from each other (Malvaceae and Fabaceae). In addition, P. pericarti resembles both P. ayutthaya and P. hibiscus, but the former is easily separable from the latter two by having the brownish hemelytron with uniformly scattered, brown, small spots (Fig. 8 D, E). Sharing similar morphological characters in the male genitalia, P. ayutthaya, P. hibiscus and P. pericarti are presumed to constitute a monophyletic group.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 E, 9 E, 10 G – J)	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male, THAILAND: Nakhon Ratchasima, SERS, N 14 ° 30 ′ 27 ″ E 101 ° 55 ′ 39 ″, 410 m alt., light trap, 21 – 22 March 2014, T. Yasunaga & K. Yamada (DOAT) (AMNH _ PBI 00380545).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognised by the small, rather ovoid body (Fig. 7 E); distinctly bicolourous (deep red and whitish yellow) dorsum; densely scattered red spots on dorsum; brown stiff setae on head and lateral portions of pronotum and hemelytron; orange-red, semi-circular mark on scutellum; deep red apical half of metafemur; generally slender, elongate left paramere (Fig. 10 I); and heavily sclerotised endosoma with exaggerated spiculi (Fig. 10 H).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	description	Description. Male: Body rather ovoid, small-sized; dorsal surface creamy yellow, largely deep red and spotted, somewhat matte, with uniformly distributed, semierect setae and densely distributed, brown, stiff setae on head, pronotum, corium and embolium. Head deep red anteriorly, slightly projected in front; eyes large, each about as wide as vertex; vertex with a faint, orange, mesal stripe; frons striolate medially; clypeus deep red. Antennal segment I rouge, with dark, stiff setae; segments II – IV whitish brown, without reddish tinge. Labium shiny pale reddish brown, slightly exceeding apex of mesocoxa; apex of segment IV reddish brown. Pronotum creamy yellow, with an orange, narrow mark and small red spots at middle and deep red margin; mesoscutum tinged with orange; scutellum creamy yellow, with orange-red, anterior, semi-circular mark and orange apex; pleura red dorsally; scent efferent system creamy yellow. Hemelytron rather matte, somewhat declivous at cuneal fracture; corium except for apical part, clavus and posterior embolium mottled with red, small spots; anterior part of embolium and posterior half of cuneus sanguineous; apex of corium with small, irregular, orange mark; membrane smoky brown, with sanguineous veins. Coxae and legs creamy yellow; apical half of metafemur deep red; proportion of meta-tarsomeres I – III as 4: 4: 5. Abdomen almost uniformly whitish brown, lateral margin of sterna tinged with reddish brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 10 G – J): Pygophore subtriangular (Fig. 10 G, H); left paramere simply elongate, slender, L-shaped, tapered towards apex, without a modified sensory lobe or hypophysis (Fig. 10 I); right paramere hammershaped, subapically thickened and spinulate, with triangular, somewhat flattened hypophysis (Fig. 10 J); endosoma heavily sclerotised, with three noticeable spiculi, one of which is conspicuously widened base (Fig. 10 H). Female: Unknown. Measurements. Male: Total body length 2.58; width of head across eyes 0.69; width of vertex 0.26; lengths of antennal segments I – IV 0.29, 1.28, 0.45, 0.30; total length of labium 0.90; basal width of pronotum 0.90; maximum width across hemelytra 1.07; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 1.05, 1.50, 0.30.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, leopardalis [= leopard-like], referring to the heavily spotted dorsum of this new species; an adjective.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown; only a single male was collected using a UV light trap.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF89AFE5AF8FFBDCE8AD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new species is superficially similar to P. takaii Yasunaga, 1997 known from the Ryukyus, Japan. However, the latter is a close relative of P. imperatorius (Distant, 1909) and the following P. pardellus, new species, having the subtriangularly widened left paramere with slender, winding hypophysis, slender, simple right paramere and two short endosomal spiculi. Although the phylogenetic relationship of P. leopardalis to other known congeners is currently unclear, an undescribed species collected in Queensland, Australia possesses the similarly long left paramere and exaggerated spiculi (Hazali, 2013).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 F – H, 9 F – H, 11, 12 C, D)	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, THAILAND: Nakhon Ratchasima, SERS, N 14 ° 30 ′ 27 ″ E 101 ° 55 ′ 39 ″, 410 m alt., light trap, 26 September 2013, T. Yasunaga (DOAT) (AMNH _ PBI 00380546). Paratypes: THAILAND: Chaiyaphum, Chulabhom Dam, light trap, 26 October 2002, Y. Nakatani, 2 males (NIAES). Nakhon Ratchasima: same data as for holotype, 1 male, 1 female (TYCN) (00380547); same locality, 19 – 21 August 2008, T. Yasunaga & B. Shishido, 4 males, 2 females (AMNH, CNC, TYCN); same locality, 12 – 14 June 2009, T. Yasunaga & K. Yamada, 3 males (TYCN); same data as for holotype, except for date 21 – 22 March 2014, 2 males, 1 female (TYCN).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognised by the rather elongate, flat, mediumsized body (Fig. 8 F – H); distinctly bicolourous (deep red and creamy yellow) dorsum; uniformly scattered, small brown spots on dorsum; uniformly distributed, dark, simple setae and longer, pale, upright, stiff setae on head, antennal segment I, and laterally on pronotum and hemelytron; orange-red, rhombic mark on middle of scutellum; clear red M-shaped mark on hemelytron; deep red apical half of male metafemur (Fig. 9 F, G); flat, triangularly widened sensory lobe and slender hypophysis of left paramere (Fig. 11 C); apical flagellate spine on right paramere (Fig. 11 D); and two short, flat endosomal spiculi (Fig. 11 F).	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	description	Description. Body rather elongate, flat, medium-sized; dorsal surface somewhat matte, largely creamy yellow medially, with uniformly distributed, brown, semierect setae and brown small spots, and pale, long, stiff, upright setae on head, antennal segment I, and lateral pronotum and hemelytron. Head creamy yellow, sanguineous below level of antennal tubercles, somewhat pointed in front; eyes small; vertex and frons spotted, with faint, longitudinal, mesal sulcus. Antennal segment I deep red, with white stripe inward; segments II – IV creamy yellow; segment II with rouge extreme base and three orange-red rings each at basal 1 / 4, middle and apex; middle and apex of segment III and middle of IV each with red ring. Labium shiny pale brown, slightly exceeding apex of mesocoxa; apical half of segment IV reddish brown. Pronotum creamy yellow, with uniformly scattered, brown, small spots and deep red margin; mesoscutum shiny, faintly tinged with orange-brown; scutellum creamy yellow, spotted, with orange-red, rhombic mark; pleura whitish brown (greenish yellow in live or fresh specimen, cf. Fig. 9 F); dorsal margin of propleuron rouge; scent efferent system creamy yellow. Hemelytron rather matte, largely whitish brown, with orange-red M-shaped mark (along lateral margins of corium) and uniformly scattered, brown, small spots; apical inner corner of corium with red, triangular, small spot; embolium and lateral margin of cuneus sanguineous; basal half of cuneus creamy yellow except for orange-red macula at middle; membrane pale grayish brown, with distally sanguineous veins and darkened margin. Coxae and legs pale brown yellow (all femora greenish yellow in live or fresh specimen); apical half of male metafemur sanguineous; protibia usually tinged with red; proportion of meta-tarsomeres I – III as 4: 5: 5. Abdomen almost uniformly whitish brown (largely pale green in live or fresh specimen). Male genitalia (Fig. 11): Pygophore with spines at apex (Fig. 11 B); left paramere with flat, triangularly widened sensory lobe and slender hypophysis (Fig. 11 C); right paramere simple, tapered apically, with apical flagellate spine (Fig. 11 D); endosoma widely membranous, weakly sclerotised, with two short, flat endosomal spiculi (Fig. 11 F). Female genitalia (Fig. 12 C, D): Sclerotised ring decrescent, thin-rimmed; apical part of valvula I sharpened (Fig. 12 D); posterior wall with elongate, spinulate interramal lobe (Fig. 12 C). Measurements. Male / female: Total body length 2.45 – 2.60 / 2.64 – 2.77; width of head across eyes 0.55 – 0.59 / 0.60 – 0.62; width of vertex 0.28 – 0.30 / 0.37 – 0.38; lengths of antennal segments I – IV 0.19 – 0.23, 0.76 – 0.84, 0.65 – 0.72, 0.27 – 0.30 / 0.19 – 0.23, 0.76 – 0.89, 0.75 – 0.77, 0.33 – 0.36; total length of labium 0.58 – 0.60 / 0.67 – 0.71; basal width of pronotum 0.73 – 0.77 / 0.73 – 0.78; maximum width across hemelytra 0.88 – 0.92 / 0.97 – 1.08; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 0.87 – 0.90, 1.14 – 1.17, 0.34 – 0.38 / 0.88 – 0.92, 1.18 – 1.26, 0.39 – 0.42.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From Latin, pardus [= panther or leopard], combined with the diminutive suffix [– ellus], referring to the uniformly spotted dorsum of this new species.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown; all available specimens were attracted to UV light. Collection records suggest that this new species have two or more generations per year.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
03B887ADFFE9FF95ACA0AD8EFDBDEF4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present new species is most closely related to P. imperatorius (Distant, 1909) known from Sri Lanka, southern China, Taiwan and southwestern Japan (from central Honshu to the Ryukyus) (Zheng & Lin, 2013; Liu & Zheng, 2014; Yasunaga & Takai, 2017). This widespread taxon, despite having been thus far undiscovered in Indochina, has the similar appearance (Fig. 9 I) and genitalic structures, but P. imperatorius is distinct in having an unspotted head, mesal part of pronotum, scutellum and clavus; sensory lobe of left paramere wider; endosomal spiculi longer (Yasunaga & Takai, 2017); ovipositor longer; and interramal lobe bent at middle (Fig. 12 A, B). Both P. imperatorius and P. pardellus exhibit a similar sexual dimorphism (female metafemur uniformly pale, without reddish apical part), which may support a close relationship between them.	en	Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari (2017): Plant bugs of the tribe Orthotylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of five new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 280-298, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356502
