identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B887ABFFD0FFF8FF4DFA57FC09FB1B.text	03B887ABFFD0FFF8FF4DFA57FC09FB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abdobalistum Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Abdobalistum n. gen.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Abdobalistum thyrsus n. gen., n. sp. Early to middle Eocene from Monte Bolca, Italy. Only known species. Holotype by monotypy: NHML P 9830 (Fig. 4C, D).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype of Abdobalistum thyrsus n. gen, n. sp. (complete, moderately well preserved). Only known specimen. This is the specimen figured by Heckel (1856: pl. X) in his redescription of Palaeobalistum orbiculatum Blainville, 1818. It was erroneously designed by Blot (1987: 88-91) as the “type = lectotype ” of “ Palaeobalistum orbiculatum ” (see under Palaeobalistum below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD0FFF8FF4DFA57FC09FB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD0FFF9FCAEFACFFF23FE82.text	03B887ABFFD0FFF9FCAEFACFFF23FE82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anomoeodus Forir 1887	<div><p>Genus Anomoeodus Forir, 1887</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Pycnodus subclavatus Agassiz, 1833. Maastrichtian from the Netherlands (Agassiz 1833-1843: vol. II, pt. 1 p. 17, pt. 2 p. 198, pl. 72a, fig. 59). Holotype of Anomoeodus subclavatus: MNHN 1884 -247-F (fragment of dentition, currently deteriorated).</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — A. angustus (Agassiz, 1837), Cenomanian from Sussex, United Kingdom; A. willetti Woodward, 1893, same age and locality; A. nursalli Kriwet, 1999, Barremian from Uña, Cuenca, Spain; plus numerous nominal species based on isolated dentitions. See historic revision of this genus in Kriwet (1999).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Anomoeodus angustus: NHML 25780 (fragment of abdominal region and both prearticulars, well preserved). The holotype is specimen NHML P1616 (Agassiz 1833-1843: vol. II, pt. 2, p. 235, 246, pl. 66a, figs 14, 15), which was not included in the analysis because it is an isolated prearticular.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD0FFF9FCAEFACFFF23FE82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD1FFF9FF44FE5BFE0CFA9A.text	03B887ABFFD1FFF9FF44FE5BFE0CFA9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomesodon Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Apomesodon n. gen.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Mesodon gibbosus Wagner, 1851. Early Tithonian of the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke”, Bavaria, Germany. This species is explicitly referred by Wagner (1851: 52) as the Gyrodus gibbosus in Agassiz (1843: 236, name only, without description or illustration, therefore not available). Holotype of Apomesodon gibbosus n. comb. by monotypy: specimen figured by Wagner (1851: pl. 3, fig. 2) as Mesodon gibbosus. It is currently housed at the Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie, München, Germany, specimen AS VII 346.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. —? Apomesodon comosus (Thiollière, 1858) n. comb. Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; poorly preserved form previously described as a Macromesodon by Saint-Seine (1949). Specific name created by Thiollière (1858: 783) as “ Mesodon comosus inédit”. It certainly does not belong to Macromesodon because of its loricate scale pattern, so it is provisionally referred to Apomesodon n. gen. herein. Apomesodon surgens n. gen, n. sp., Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; initially mentioned as “ Mesodon gibbosus ” by Thiollière (1858: 119), revisited and figured later under the same species name by Thiollière (1871: 33; 1873: 13, pl. 2, fig. 2) and Saint-Seine (1949: 105, 129-132, 313, figs 56-58, pl. 14, fig. A).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Apomesodon gibbosus n. comb.: FSL 93095, JM 4120 (Fig. 3C) / SOS 3570 (part and counterpart of the same complete specimen, with different labels); BMM, one complete, unlabelled specimen. Apomesodon surgens n. gen., n. sp. Holotype: ML 15443 (specimen figured by Thiollière in 1858). Other specimens: ML 15660, MNHN CRN-69 (counterpart of ML 15660, as shown by Fig. 3A, B; complete, well preserved skeleton).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD1FFF9FF44FE5BFE0CFA9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD1FFF9FF1EFA42FB46FECE.text	03B887ABFFD1FFF9FF1EFA42FB46FECE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arduafrons Frickhinger 1991	<div><p>Genus Arduafrons Frickhinger, 1991</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Arduafrons prominoris Frickhinger, 1991. Lower Tithonian from the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke” of Bavaria, Germany. See Nursall (1999a) for a description of this genus and species. Holotype of Arduafrons prominoris by subsequent designation: BMM 33a-b.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype (complete specimen). Other specimens: MB (unlabelled); NHML P8658 (both complete specimens). The incomplete specimen JM SOS 3309a-b is labelled as Arduafrons, but we interpret it as Mesturus due to the jagged suture of its scales, unique to this genus (Nursall 1999a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD1FFF9FF1EFA42FB46FECE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD1FFF9FCA9FE88FCCAFC52.text	03B887ABFFD1FFF9FCA9FE88FCCAFC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brembodus Tintori 1981	<div><p>Genus Brembodus Tintori, 1981</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Brembodus ridens Tintori, 1981. Upper Norian from the Zorzino Limestone, Lombardy, Italy. Only known species. Holotype of Brembodus ridens by original designation: MSCNB 4898.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype (complete, well preserved). Paratypes: MCSNB 4894 (prearticulars and dentaries in occlusal view); 4895 (some bones and fin rays, some vomerine teeth); 4896 (complete, subadult, mediocre preservation); 4897 (almost complete, bad preservation); 4899 (skull plus anterior region of body, good preservation); 4900 (almost complete, mediocre preservation); 4902 (fragment of skull with dentition); 4932 (right prearticular in occlusal view); and 4933 (complete, good preservation). Other specimens: 4859 (incomplete, juvenile); 4891 (fragment, subadult); 4892 (two specimens, both fragments of skull showing the vomer); 5157 (posterior region, bad preservation); and 6086 (almost complete, juvenile).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD1FFF9FCA9FE88FCCAFC52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD1FFF9FC94FC04FB57FAB5.text	03B887ABFFD1FFF9FC94FC04FB57FAB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camposichthys Figueiredo & Silva-Santos 1991	<div><p>Genus Camposichthys Figueiredo &amp; Silva-Santos, 1991</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Camposichthys riachuelensis Figueiredo &amp; Silva-Santos, 1991. Early Cretaceous from the Riachuelo Formation, Sergipe-Alagoas, Brazil. Only known species. Holotype of Camposichthys riachuelensis: Instituto de Biología da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Figueiredo &amp; Silva-Santos 1991: 370, pl. 1; single, quite incomplete, imperfect specimen). We did not include it in the analysis because this taxon is in need of revision, and we could not retrieve from the literature the necessary information for the analysis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD1FFF9FC94FC04FB57FAB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD1FFFAFCBBFA60FB7CF958.text	03B887ABFFD1FFFAFCBBFA60FB7CF958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccodus Pictet 1850	<div><p>Genus Coccodus Pictet, 1850</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Coccodus armatus Pictet, 1850. Cenomanian from Hakel, Lebanon. Holotype of Coccodus armatus by monotypy: specimen described and figured by Pictet (1850: 51, pl. 9, fig. 9; head and fragment of body, showing prearticular bone, not vomer as described by Pictet 1850). Currently housed at the Muséum de Genève. According to Meister (1993), the holotype figured by Pictet has the catalogue number V-674, while its unfigured counterpart has V-733.</p> <p>INVALID SPECIES. —“ Coccodus ” lindstroemi Davis, 1890, Cenomanian from Hakel, Lebanon. Holotype: State Museum, Stockholm, in Davis (1890: 565, pl. 22; nearly complete specimen). This enigmatic form is certainly not a Coccodus. We have not observed any pycnodontiform synapomorphy in this species. For example, the opercular region does not seem reduced, and the observed teeth are not typically durophagous. Therefore, lindstroemi is a valid specific name, but “ Coccodus ” lindstroemi is not a valid species. It is not considered as a pycnodontiform, remains in need of revision, and is consequently not included in the analysis.</p> <p>OBSERVED MATERIAL. — Coccodus armatus: MNHN HDJ-534a-b (almost complete, dorsal view), 539** (almost complete; lateral view), 540 (almost complete, lateral view), 542 (almost complete, head in ventral view), 543a-b (complete, ventral view), 1299** (dentition and part of the skull, lateral view), 1300 (complete), 1301a (complete); HAK-319** (complete specimen, dorsal view, only skull remains after transfer preparation), 1935 (skull fragment in lateral view). NHML: 4742 (almost complete, lateral view, figured by Davis 1887), 13868, 13869 (spine), 47912 (very incomplete, with part of the mandible), 47913; “ C. ” lindstroemi: HAK-1936a-b (complete, well preserved).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD1FFFAFCBBFA60FB7CF958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD3FFFBFF72FF2EFE66FA73.text	03B887ABFFD3FFFBFF72FF2EFE66FA73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelodus Heckel 1854	<div><p>Genus Coelodus Heckel, 1854</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Coelodus saturnus Heckel, 1854. Turonian-Santonian (Ortwin pers. comm. 1999) from Komen, formerly Comeno, Slovenia. Holotype of Coelodus saturnus: NMW 1857.XXXIII.2 (Fig. 2A). The valid date for the generic name Coelodus is not 1856, since Heckel first mentioned it in 1854 (p. 435, with a diagnosis given on p. 449). In 1854, the species C. saturnus is explicitly designed as “als Typus”. Both the genus Coelodus and the species C. saturnus are revisited by Heckel in 1856, where the holotype is figured for the first time (Heckel 1856: pl. 3, fig. 1; this plate caption reads “ Pycnodus Saturnus ”, but this is surely a printing error, as in all parts of the text and in the original label of the specimen the name is “ Coelodus Saturnus ”). Again, C. saturnus is desiged as “als Typus” (Heckel 1856: 203). The holotype is shown in the present paper on Fig. 2A. Some isolated dentitions have also been referred to this species (Schultz &amp; Paunoviae 1997; Cavin et al. 2000). NOMINA DUBIA. — C. rosthorni Heckel, 1854, Late Cretaceous from Komen, Slovenia; C. suillus Heckel, 1854, Late Cretaceous from the Island of Lesina, Dalmatia, Kroatia. They are named and described in 1854, figured by the same author later on, in 1856. Both species are based on fragmentary material, apparently indistinguishable from C. saturnus, and are probably conspecific with the type species.</p> <p>INVALID NAMES. —“ Coelodus ” bassanii, for comments see? Proscinetes bassanii. “ Coelodus ” ponsorti, for comments see Oropycnodus n. gen.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — For other species based on complete specimens formerly referred to this genus, see Ocloedus n. gen. There are numerous nominal species of Coelodus based on isolated dentitions from France, Istria, Dalmatia, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and South America. They are in need of revision, as probably many of them will eventually fit better in Ocloedus n. gen. (see diagnosis in the Systematics section below). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype (articulated specimen; nearly complete fish, not well preserved; skull especially defective but showing an excellent prearticular dentition; good caudal endoskeleton). NHML P.5947 (juvenile specimen, imperfect preservation, previously referred to C. suillus).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD3FFFBFF72FF2EFE66FA73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD3FFFBFF10FA5DFCDDFCAD.text	03B887ABFFD3FFFBFF10FA5DFCDDFCAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eomesodon Woodward 1918	<div><p>Genus Eomesodon Woodward, 1918</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation (Woodward 1918: 54): Pycnodus liassicus Egerton, 1855. Lower Lias from Barrow-on-Soar, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. Holotype of Eomesodon liassicus: NHML 19864.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. —? Eomesodon barnesi (Woodward, 1906), Portlandian (Portland Stone, Roach Bed) from Portland, Dorset, United Kingdom, and Middle Purbeck Beds from the Isle of Portland, Swanage, Dorset, United Kingdom. E. depressus? Woodward, 1918. Upper Portlandian-lower Berriasian from Swanage, Dorset, United Kingdom; too incomplete to be sure it is a distinct species, therefore not included in the data matrix. E. hoeferi (Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1905). As illustrated in its original description (Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1905: pl. 20, fig. 5; pl. 21, fig. 2) it looks like a juvenile form because of its very small size (holotype of about 23 mm in standard length), the apparently weak ossification, and the unbranched aspect of many fin rays (the few branched ones show one branching only). Unfortunately, the holotype seems to be currently missing, although additional specimens have been very recently found (Tintori pers. comm. 2000, work in progress). This species is therefore in need of revision.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — E. liassicus: holotype (poorly preserved, incomplete specimen). Other specimens: NHML P 1336, P 5127.? E. barnesi: holotype: NHML P.12511 (poorly preserved, incomplete specimen). Other specimens: NHML 6382: E. depressus?: NMHL 10582 (very incomplete and poorly preserved individual).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD3FFFBFF10FA5DFCDDFCAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD3FFFBFCAEFC71FBFBFB98.text	03B887ABFFD3FFFBFCAEFC71FBFBFB98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gibbodon Tintori 1981	<div><p>Genus Gibbodon Tintori, 1981</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Gibbodon cenensis Tintori, 1981. Upper Norian from the Zorzino Limestone, Lombardy, Italy. Holotype of Gibbodon cenensis: MCSNB 3317.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype and only known specimen (complete, good preservation).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD3FFFBFCAEFC71FBFBFB98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD3FFF4FCB8FB47FF37FA6B.text	03B887ABFFD3FFF4FCB8FB47FF37FA6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrodus Agassiz 1833	<div><p>Genus Gyrodus Agassiz, 1833</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By subsequent designation: Stromateus hexagonus Blainville, 1818. Lower Tithonian from the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke” Bavaria, Germany. Holotype of Gyrodus hexagonus by monotypy: specimen described and figured by Knorr (1755: vol. I, pl. 22, fig. 1), which Blainville (1818: 322) explicitly referred to when creating his new species Stromateus hexagonus. This specimen is not any of those figured by Agassiz (1833: vol. II, pt. 1: 16; pt. 2: 184, 206, pl. 69c, figs 4, 5) or any of the four “type specimens” proposed by Lambers (1991). However, we could not find the type specimen in any of the studied collections.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — G. circularis Agassiz, 1843, early Tithonian from the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke” Bavaria, Germany; Gyrodus sp., Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; the “ Mesturus verrucosus ” in Saint-Seine (1949) is actually Gyrodus sp. (Lambers 1991; pers. obs.). Gyrodus sp., almost complete head with partially exposed vomerine and prearticular dentitions, Oxfordian from Quebrada del Profeta, Chile (Kriwet 2000). Plus numerous nominal species, in need of revision, based on isolated dentitions (e.g., Woodward 1895a). See Lambers (1991) for a revision of this genus. For “ Gyrodus ” wagneri, see Proscinetes ? wagneri. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — G. hexagonus: BMM 31, 32, 36; JM 3710, SOS 4303 (counterpart of 3710); NHML 1625**, 3772, 3773, 3774, 4633**, 37711; MNHN SLN 5a-b, 22 (juvenile specimen), 49, 206, 208, plus unlabelled cast, probably from the type of G. “ frontatus ”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD3FFF4FCB8FB47FF37FA6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDCFFF4FF75FA2EFB55F9E0.text	03B887ABFFDCFFF4FF75FA2EFB55F9E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hadrodus Leidy 1858	<div><p>Genus Hadrodus Leidy, 1858</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By subsequent designation: Hadrodus priscus Leidy, 1858. Cretaceous from Colombus, Mississippi, USA. “The genus and species are founded upon the fragment of a bone with two teeth, apparently a Pycnodont fish allied to Placodus ” (Leidy 1858: 167). Holotype of Hadrodus priscus: isolated premaxilla figured in Leidy (1873: pl. 19, figs 17-20).</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — H. marshi Gregory, 1950, based on premaxilla, prearticular, and fragments of skull roof, lower Senonian from the Niobrara Chalk, Smoky Hill River, Kansas, USA; H. hewletti (Applegate, 1970), Mooreville Chalk (Campanian) in Greene County, Alabama. Bell (1986) gathered in a single pycnodontiform taxon the dentitions named Hadrodus and the cranial roof named Hadrodus hewletti and described by Applegate (1970), who considered it as an acipenseriform. This material also includes some lepidotrichia, dorsal scutes, and vertebrae with arcocentra and apparently also autocentra. This fact, and the great resemblance of the skull roof and the dorsal scutes of Hadrodus hewletti with those of the Acipenseridae (e.g., compare Applegate 1970: figs 181, 184E with Hilton &amp; Bemis 1999: figs 5, 6) indicate that these remains do not belong to a pycnodontiform (already suggested by Lambers 1991: 509). This genus is in need of revision, and is not included in the analysis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDCFFF4FF75FA2EFB55F9E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDCFFF5FCACF9AFFF70FE75.text	03B887ABFFDCFFF5FCACF9AFFF70FE75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ichthyoceros Gayet 1984	<div><p>Genus Ichthyoceros Gayet, 1984</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Ichthyoceros spinosus Gayet, 1984. Cenomanian from Hakel, Lebanon. Holotype of Ichthyoceros spinosus by original designation: MNHN HAK-106.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype ** (complete specimen, excellent preservation). Other specimens: MNHN HAK-298, MCSNM 3045 A-B (specimen showing dentition); NHML 62376 (all complete specimens).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDCFFF5FCACF9AFFF70FE75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDDFFF5FF4CFE27FE05FD36.text	03B887ABFFDDFFF5FF4CFE27FE05FD36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iemanja Wenz 1989	<div><p>Genus Iemanja Wenz, 1989</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Iemanja palma Wenz, 1989. Aptian-Albian from the Romualdo Member, Santana Formation, Chapada do Araripe, Brazil. Only species. Holotype of Iemanja palma: MNHN BCE 166 a**-b.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype (nearly complete specimen, excellent preservation). Paratype: DGN- DNPM 1160 (complete specimen).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDDFFF5FF4CFE27FE05FD36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDDFFF5FF6BFCE0FC5CFD2B.text	03B887ABFFDDFFF5FF6BFCE0FC5CFD2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macromesodon Blake 1905	<div><p>Genus Macromesodon Blake, 1905</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By subsequent designation: Gyrodus macropterus Agassiz, 1834. Lower Tithonian from the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke” of Bavaria, Germany. The first mention of the nominal species, together with a brief description and without illustration, are in Agassiz (1834: feuillet 18, and then again in 1843: 301). It is explicitly designated as the type species by Woodward (1918). Holotype of Macromesodon macropterus: it is not sure that the specimen figured by Wagner (1851: pl. 4, fig. 2), currently housed at the Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie, München, Germany, specimen AS VII 345, is the same than the one described by Agassiz (1834), which is the type specimen by monotypy. We are currently investigating its whereabouts (Poyato-Ariza &amp; Wenz work in progress).</p> <p>INVALID NAMES. —“ M.” comosus, for comments see under Apomesodon n. gen. above; M. daviesi Woodward, 1890, lower Portlandian-lower Berriasian from Swanage, Dorset, United Kingdom; M. parvus (Mesodon macropterus, var. parvus in Woodward 1895b, and Mesodon parvus in Woodward 1918), upper Portlandian-lower Berriasian from Teffont, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. The specific names daviesi and parvus are both based on specimens showing minimal differences in the number of dorsal and anal fin rays, which fall within individual variation, and in standard length and relative size of the head, attributable to ontogenetic variation. So, both M. daviesi and M. parvus are indistinguishable from M. macropterus, and therefore considered herein as conspecific with the type species.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — M. bernissartensis Traquair, 1911, Berriasian-Barremian from Bernissart, Belgium; M. cf. M. bernissartensis, upper Barremian from Las Hoyas, province of Cuenca, Spain (Wenz &amp; Poyato-Ariza 1995). There are numerous nominal species based on isolated dentitions (e.g., Woodward 1895a). They are in need of revision and will probably show to be synonyms. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Macromesodon macropterus: JM 1941.12a.b (complete, well preserved); MNHN SLN 48 (juvenile specimen); 54, 210; MNHUB MBI.004.11 (complete, well preserved); NHML P.5546, 6381, 9845, 10954, 11774, 37107**, 37109** (almost complete skull, excellent preservation), 41387; M. bernissartensis: syntypes IRSNB 1214a-b, 1215a-b, 1216, 1218a-b (complete or nearly complete specimens, unsatisfactory preservation); Macromesodon aff. M. bernissartensis: MCCM: LH- 910110a-b (complete juvenile specimen, good preservation), LH-13266a*-b (complete specimen, good preservation), LH-13483** (almost complete, slightly disarticulated and distorted), LH-16363** (skull and anterior region of body).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDDFFF5FF6BFCE0FC5CFD2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDDFFF5FCA0FCE0FC24FA88.text	03B887ABFFDDFFF5FCA0FCE0FC24FA88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesturus Wagner 1862	<div><p>Genus Mesturus Wagner, 1862</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Mesturus verrucosus Wagner, 1862. Lower Tithonian from the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke” of Bavaria, Germany. Holotype of Mesturus verrucosus: specimen figured by Wagner (1862: pl. 3, fig. 1; caudal region only). Currently housed at the Bayerischen Staatssamlung für Paleontologie und Historische Geologie, München, Germany, specimen AS V 508.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — M. leedsi, Woodward 1895, Oxfordian from the Peterborough Member of the Oxford Clay Formation, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom; “ Mesturus cordillera ”, see under Gyrodus sp.; Mesturus sp., Tithonian from Canjuers, Var, France.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Mesturus verrucosus: JM SOS 2366; NHML 49147 (cast of holotype), P. 37023a-b, 8656; M. leedsi: holotype, NHML 6834 (isolated bones from a single skull). Other specimens: NHML 8382, 8383 (remains of skull), 8384 (head with dentition plus some scales), 8385 (skull with dentition); Mesturus sp., MNHN CNJ 130 a-b (nearly complete, partially disarticulated specimen).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDDFFF5FCA0FCE0FC24FA88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDDFFF6FC94FA4EFDECFECE.text	03B887ABFFDDFFF6FC94FA4EFDECFECE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micropycnodon Hibbard & Graffham 1945	<div><p>Genus Micropycnodon Hibbard &amp; Graffham, 1945</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Pycnomicrodon kansasensis (Hibbard &amp; Graffham, 1941). Coniacian from the Niobrara Formation, Rooks County, Kansas, USA (cf. Schultze et al. 1982). Holotype and only specimen of Micropycnodon kansasensis: Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — M. gaynaisensis Nursall, 1999, Turonian from the Eagle Ford Formation, Ellis County, Texas, USA. Holotype: United States National Museum, Washington D.C., USA.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDDFFF6FC94FA4EFDECFECE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDEFFF6FEA3FE88FEB7FD40.text	03B887ABFFDEFFF6FEA3FE88FEB7FD40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoproscinetes Figueiredo & Silva Santos 1987	<div><p>Genus Neoproscinetes Figueiredo &amp; Silva Santos, 1987</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Microdon penalvai (Silva Santos, 1970). Aptian-Albian from the Romualdo Member, Santana Formation, Chapada do Araripe, Brazil. Only known species. Holotype of Neoproscinetes penalvai: DGN-DNPM 918 P.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype (complete specimen). Other specimens: MNHN BCE-104* (threedimensional isolated skull with detached prearticular), BCE 169 (complete specimen), BCE-237 (threedimensional isolated skull).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDEFFF6FEA3FE88FEB7FD40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDEFFF6FF4FFD1AFC28FBAB.text	03B887ABFFDEFFF6FF4FFD1AFC28FBAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nursallia Blot 1987	<div><p>Genus Nursallia Blot, 1987</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Nursallia veronae Blot, 1987. Early to middle Eocene from Monte Bolca, Italy. Holotype of Nursallia veronae: MCSNV II. D. 172-173.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — Nursallia flavellatum? (Cope, 1886), Continguiba Formation, upper Cretaceous from Sergipe / Alagoas, Brazil. One single specimen, very incomplete and not observed; it is nonetheless briefly discussed in the Results section below. Nursallia ? goedeli (Heckel, 1854), Cenomanian from Hakel, Lebanon. The species Palaeobalistum goedeli was erected by Heckel (1854: name p. 445, diagnosis p. 461) under the original spelling goedelii. It was later revisited and illustrated for the first time by Heckel (1856: 234; pl. II, figs 3-8; it is the specimen NMW 1858.III.21). Davis (1887) described three other specimens, two of them as the new nominal species Palaeobalistum ventralis. Woodward (1895a) considered that: “The form of the median fins and the extension of the squamation over the caudal region may even be regarded as necessitating the removal of the fish from the genus Palaeobalistum ” (Woodward 1895a: 273), and that P. ventralis Davis, 1887 is a junior synonym of P. goedeli (Woodward 1895a: 274- 275). The same author used the subsequent spelling goedeli (Woodward 1895a: 272). Since this incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage (Art. 33.3.1 of the ICZN), it is maintained herein. Hennig (1907) regarded goedeli and ventralis as two valid species of Palaeobalistum. Arambourg (1954) compared them with his new species P. gutturosum. Finally, Blot (1987) transferred both nominal species to his new genus Nursallia. Both specimens of N. ventralis ?, when compared with the holotype of N.? goedeli have apparently more discoidal shape; long, low, falcate dorsal and anal fins (incomplete in N.? goedeli); large pectoral fin (unknown in N.? goedeli); bar-reduced (not complete) scales partially covering the caudal region (complete scales in N.? goedeli); incisiform teeth on the dentary (unknown in N. goedeli); similar caudal fin with enlarged to hypertrophied hypurals. The differences on body shape and in squamation indicate that N.? goedeli and N. ventralis ? may not be conspecific. Pending revision of these and quite a few other Lebanese specimens previously assessed to Palaeobalistum and Nursallia, we have included in our analysis only the information provided by the holotype of Nursallia ? goedeli. Nursallia ? gutturosum (Arambourg, 1954), lower Cenomanian from Jebel Tselfat (localities of Aïn el Kerma and Sigda), Morocco.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — N. veronae: holotype (complete adult specimen with unsatisfactory preservation); MCSNV T.830 (complete, very juvenile, well preserved specimen); N.? goedeli: holotype, NMW 1858.III.21 (caudal region of a well preserved adult specimen). Other specimens: NHML: P.4001/ P.4781; P.61/P.62 (Palaeobalistum goedeli in Davis 1887); P.63; P.63a; P.4002 (Davis’s 1887 unfigured specimen); 39231; 39232; P.65 (Palaeobalistum ventralis in Davis 1887). N.? gutturosum: holotype, MNHN DTS 60a-b (complete specimen from Aïn el Kerma), paratypes DTS-61a-b (from Aïn el Kerma) and 231a-b (from Sigda). Other specimens: 63a-b, 94a-b (juvenile specimen), 231a-b, 232a-b, 233a-b, 235a-b, 236a-b, 237, 239, 241a-b, 313a-b, 314 (Sigda), DTS-57, 62a-b, 64a-b, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 170a-b, 229a-b, 234a-b, 311a-b, 312a-b (Aïn el Kerma). All complete or nearly complete specimens with unsatisfactory preservation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDEFFF6FF4FFD1AFC28FBAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDEFFF7FC9AFB6CFF0AFD84.text	03B887ABFFDEFFF7FC9AFB6CFF0AFD84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocloedus Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Ocloedus n. gen.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Coelodus subdiscus Wenz, 1989 (Fig. 2B). Berriasian- Valanginian from El Montsec, province of Lérida, Spain. Holotype of Coelodus subdiscus: MNHN MSE- 341.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — O. costae (Heckel, 1856) n. comb., Late Jurassic from Torre d’Orlando, Italy;? Ocloedus rosadoi (Silva Santos, 1963) n. comb., Late Cretaceous from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Specific names originally assigned to Coelodus, and provisionally reassessed to Ocloedus n. gen. herein; species in need of revision. Many of the nominal species based on isolat- ed dentitions previously referred to Coelodus (e.g., Woodward 1895a), may eventually prove to fit better here after revision.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — O. subdiscus n. comb. Holotype: MNHN MSE-341 (complete, well preserved). Paratypes: MNHN MSE-442* (nearly complete specimen), MGSB 20659* (skull). Other specimens: IEI LP-084a-b (skull and part of the body); MNHN- MSE-290a-b (skull and body), 291a-b (skull and dorsal part of the body, eroded), 292 (early juvenile specimen), 300a-b (specimen lacking unpaired fins), 302a-b (specimen lacking snout and caudal fin), 303a-b, 439a-b (isolated skull), 652a-b (incomplete specimen), 653a-b (incomplete specimen), 656, 965* (complete specimen; Fig. 2B); MGB 536, 537-1, 29455a-b, 30345, 30377; MGSB 8997 (complete specimen), 13.376a-b (skull and part of the body), 20.658 (complete skeleton), 27.298, 27.299 (only impression of skull), 56.216 (parts of skull and body); NHML 10996a-b, 10997, 10999 (used by Nursall 1999b, fig 2 to restore Coelodus sp.), 37497, 37500-1. O. costae n. comb.: NHML 1641, 1671a**, P.4394.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDEFFF7FC9AFB6CFF0AFD84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDFFFF7FF42FD20FECFF956.text	03B887ABFFDFFFF7FF42FD20FECFF956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oropycnodus Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Oropycnodus n. gen.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Palaeobalistum ponsortii Heckel, 1854. Paleocene (Montian) from Mont Aimé, Chalons-sur-Marne, France. Lectotype of Oropycnodus ponsorti n. comb.: NMW 1854/XXXIX/38 (Fig. 4B). The original syntypes were NMW 1854/XXXIX/38 (Fig. 4B), 1854/XXXIX/39, and 1854/XXXIX/40. The first and the third were figured by Heckel (1856: pl. 11); the second one was studied, but not figured, by Heckel (1856). In the present paper, since we are creating a new genus for the specific name ponsorti (see Results and Systematics sections below), the former syntype 1854/XXXIX/38 (Fig. 4B) is herein explicitly designed as the lectotype, in accordance with the Article 74 of the ICZN. Therefore, the other syntypes, 1854/XXXIX/39 and 1854/XXXIX/40, become herein the paralectotypes (Art. 74.1.3). This specific name was created by Heckel (1854: 436), with a formal diagnosis (Heckel 1854: 461, 462), being assessed to the genus Palaeobalistum. It was later revisited and this time figured by the same author in 1856 (pl. 11, figs 1-15). The original spelling ponsortii was emended to ponsorti by Woodward (1895a: 272). We keep this subsequent incorrect spelling because it is in prevailing usage (Art. 33.3.1 of the ICZN). Later on, Woodward (1917) considered that ponsorti “is probably a species of Pycnodus ” (Woodward 1917: 387). Finally, the specific name was transferred to the genus Coelodus by Blot (1987: 146, 147), and cited as such by Nursall (1999b: 195).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — The lectotype and both paralectotypes. Other specimens: MNHN MTA 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49; NHML 30035, 30036 *, 30037 (figured as 28292 by Woodward 1917: 387), 30038, 30039, 30040, 30042, 30043, 30044, 30045, 30046, 30047, P1638.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDFFFF7FF42FD20FECFF956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDFFFF7FD48FF2EFC1EFB23.text	03B887ABFFDFFFF7FD48FF2EFC1EFB23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeobalistum Blainville 1818	<div><p>Genus Palaeobalistum Blainville, 1818</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Palaeobalistum orbiculatum Blainville, 1818 (Fig. 4A). Early to middle Eocene from Monte Bolca, Italy. Holotype of Palaeobalistum orbiculatum: MNHN BOL 0523. The name Palaeobalistum orbiculatum is based on the specimen MNHN BOL 0523, illustrated by Volta (1809 [1796]: pl. 40), who mentioned it as the Recent species Diodon orbicularis Bloch, 1785. This nominal taxon is available under Art. 12.2.7 of the ICZN and the specimen in MNHN is therefore the holotype by monotypy (Art. 73.1.2). Heckel (1856) redescribed Palaeobalistum orbiculatum based on a second specimen (NHML P9830), which is neither conspecific, nor even congeneric (see under Abdobalistum n. gen. above, and the Results section below). In his revision of Palaeobalistum, Blot (1987: 88-90) erred in considering that both the genus Palaeobalistum and the species P. orbiculatum were “ nomina nuda ”, and instead considered that Heckel (1856) was the author of Palaeobalistum orbiculatum, typified by NHML P.9830. Furthermore, Blot (1987) established the nominal species Palaeobalistum zignoi typified by MNHN BOL 0523, i.e. a junior objective synonym of Palaeobalistum orbiculatum. The specific name zignoi is therefore an invalid name, and Palaeobalistum is a monotypic genus.</p> <p>INVALID NAMES. — “ Palaeobalistum ” bassanii (D’Erasmo, 1914), for comments see? Proscinetes bassanii. “ Palaeobalistum ” flavellatum (Cope, 1886), see Nursallia flavellatum ? above. “ Palaeobalistum ” gutturosum (Arambourg, 1954), also cited under this species name by Lehman (1966: fig. 166), see Nursallia ? gutturosum above. “ Palaeobalistum ” ponsorti, see under Oropycnodus n. gen. “ Palaeobalistum zignoi ” Blot, 1987, see under Abdobalistum n. gen.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MNHN BOL 0523 (holotype and only specimen; complete individual with skull badly preserved; Fig. 4A).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDFFFF7FD48FF2EFC1EFB23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDFFFF7FD58FAFAFB82FA3C.text	03B887ABFFDFFFF7FD58FAFAFB82FA3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramesturus Taverne 1981	<div><p>Genus Paramesturus Taverne, 1981</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Paramesturus stuehmeri Taverne, 1981. Lower Aptian from Helgoland, Germany. Holotype of Paramesturus stuehmeri: Stühmer private collection, Helgoland n° 13 (skull plus anterior portion of body).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDFFFF7FD58FAFAFB82FA3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDFFFF0FCB8FA1CFC37F95A.text	03B887ABFFDFFFF0FCB8FA1CFC37F95A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proscinetes Gistl 1848	<div><p>Genus Proscinetes Gistl, 1848</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Microdon elegans Agassiz, 1833 (Fig. 5A). Lower Tithonian from the “Solnhofener Plattenkalke” Bavaria, Germany. Holotype of Proscinetes elegans: Bayerischen Staatssamlung für Paleontologie und Historische Geologie, München, Germany after Woodward (1895a: 222). First mention by Agassiz in 1833 (vol. II, pt. 1, p. 16), later illustration by the same author in 1839 (pl. 69b, fig. 1).</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. —? Proscinetes bassanii (D’Erasmo, 1914). This specific name is removed from both Coelodus and Palaeobalistum to this genus in the present paper. As explained at the end of the Results section below, it does not seem to show the characters of either genus. This assessment is to be taken with caution, this species being in need of revision. P. bernardi (Thiollière, 1852; figured in 1854; Fig. 5B), Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; P. egertoni (Thiollière, 1852) (plate published in 1854), Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France;? P. itieri (Thiollière, 1850), Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; P.? radiatus (Agassiz, 1839), late Portlandian to early Berriasian from Swanage, Dorsetshire, United Kingdom; P. sauvanasi? (Thiollière, 1852), Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; P. thiollieri? (Saint-Seine, 1949), Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; P.? wagneri (Thiollière, 1852; plate published separately in 1853), Kimmeridgian from Cerin, France; plus numerous nominal species, in need of revision, based on isolated dentitions (e.g., Woodward 1895a; Saint-Seine 1949). Proscinetes bernardi and P. egertoni are herein regarded as valid species, as they present the same anatomic characters as Proscinetes elegans, with consistent differences on the meristic accounts.? Proscinetes itieri may be a valid species, but the body shape is so different that it probably does not belong to the genus. The holotype of P.? radiatus, as figured by Agassiz (1839: pl. 69c, figs 1, 2), shows large spines on the ventral keel scales, with relative size and arrangement very different from those of P. elegans; therefore, it may not belong to Proscinetes. The species P. thiollieri ? is based on a poorly preserved specimen, and its validity remains to be tested. Same applies to the species P. sauvanasi ?. Proscinetes ? wagneri has traditionally been considered a species of Proscinetes (formerly Microdon; e.g., Woodward 1895a). Saint-Seine (1949) reassessed it to the genus Gyrodus, but we agree with Lambers (1991) that it does not belong to it. The general anatomic features of this species are in fact quite similar to those of the available species of Proscinetes. However, the occurrence of scale bars behind the level of the dorsal and anal fins indicates that wagneri may not belong to this genus. Therefore, considering the amount of issues to be solved at specific level in Proscinetes, for the codification of this genus in our analysis we have only used the type species plus P. bernardi and P. egertoni. We coded the anatomical characters as consistently present in the three species, and the meristic characters as present in the type species.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Proscinetes elegans: JM 1941.12 (Fig. 5A); MNHN SLN 205 (cast); P. bernardi: neotype, ML 15.199; other specimens, ML 15.194, 15.288 (Fig. 5B), 15916 (ex 15194 bis); P. egertoni: holotype, ML 15.275; other specimens, ML 15273, 15.390; “ P.” itieri: holotype 15268, specimen 15267; P. “ thiollieri ”: type and only specimen; “ P ”. wagneri ML 15207, 15214, 15317; MNHN, CRN-31, 56; NHML P. 1636, P. 4649. Proscinetes sp.: FSL 400047 (nearly complete, partially disarticulated specimen showing dentition).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDFFFF0FCB8FA1CFC37F95A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD9FFF1FF70FF2EFF34F956.text	03B887ABFFD9FFF1FF70FF2EFF34F956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnodus Agassiz 1833	<div><p>Genus Pycnodus Agassiz, 1833</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By subsequent designation (Blot 1987: 14): Coryphaena apoda Volta, 1809. As explained in the general introduction, the correct date of publication of the paper usually cited as Volta (1796) is 1809. Early to middle Eocene from Monte Bolca, Italy. Only syntype currently available of Pycnodus apodus: MNHN BOL 0094. This specimen was described and figured as the valid new species Coryphaena apoda by Volta (1809: 147, 148, pl. 35, figs 1-3; on this plate, fig. 1 is syntype MNHN BOL 0094; fig. 2 is another syntype, of unknown current location; fig. 3 is not a pycnodontiform). Volta (1809) erected this specific name because the pelvic fins were apparently absent in those specimens (Volta 1809: 148). Blainville (1818: 356) described it, without illustration but with explicit reference to Volta’s specimens, as an invalid new species of the genus Zeus, Z. platessus. Later on, Agassiz (1833), on the basis of the two specimens figured by Volta (1809: pl. 35, figs 1, 2; explicitly cited by Agassiz 1833: vol. II, pt. 1: 17), erected the genus Pycnodus. Later on, two additional specimens were figured by Agassiz (1839). However, Agassiz (1833, 1839) used the specific name platessus, which is a junior objective synonyme of apoda. The invalid specific name platessus has been broadly used since, but it is not a nomen oblitum because Eastman (1905: 10) used the valid specific name apodus (in grammatical accordance with Pycnodus) with explicit reference to Volta (1809: pl. 35, fig. 1 only). For further synonymies, see Blot (1987: 14).</p> <p>NOMEN DUBIUM. —“ Pycnodus laveirensis ” da Veiga Ferreira, 1961, Turonian from Alcântara and Laveiras, Portugal. This is a small, juvenile-like species. Both the validity of the specific name and its assessment to Pycnodus remain to be revised and test- ed.</p> <p>OTHER SPECIES. — Numerous nominal species based on isolated dentitions, mostly from the Eocene (e.g., Longbottom 1984).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Syntype: MNHN BOL 0094-0095 (part and counterpart of a complete, we ll preserve d i n di v id ua l). O t h er spec i mens: MNHN BOL 0124-0125, BOL 0126-0127, BOL 0130-0131, BOL 0134-0135 (all parts and counterparts of the same individuals); MCSNV B1 (fragment), II.D.167/168 (part and counterpart of subadult, complete specimen); II.D.170/171 (part and counterpart of large, complete specimen); II.D.180 (complete, subadult); T.309 (complete, juvenile); T.998/999 (part and conuterpart of juvenile specimen); I.G.135608/135609 (part and counterpart, almost complete, subadult); and I.G.135664 (almost complete, juvenile); NHLM P.44520** (complete subadult specimen, excellent preservation).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD9FFF1FF70FF2EFF34F956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD9FFF1FD5EFF2EFB66FA92.text	03B887ABFFD9FFF1FD5EFF2EFB66FA92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stemmatodus Heckel 1854	<div><p>Genus Stemmatodus Heckel, 1854</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Pycnodus rhombus Agassiz, 1839. Early Cretaceous from Torre d’Orlando, Naples, Italy. Heckel (1854) created, with a description, the generic name Stemmatodus for Pycnodus rhombus Agassiz, 1839, this species being explicitly designed by Heckel as “als Typus” (Heckel 1854: 455). Holotype of Stemmatodus rhombus: Bohemian Museum Prague (fide Heckel 1854 and Woodward 1895a). Heckel (1854) included in his new genus Stemmatodus the holotype plus some additional specimens previously described by Costa (1850) as Pycnodus rhombus as well. The latter material (which, as figured by Costa 1850: pl. 4, fig. 8; pl. 5, fig. 1, does not present the features that currently characterize Stemmatodus) would later become “ Coelodus ” costae, a species in need of revision. However, Heckel (1854: 457), when referring to the binomial species name, used the subsequent spelling rhomboides for the specific name. This is a demonstrably intentional emendation according to Art. 33.2.1 of the ICZN. Stemmatodus was later revisited and figured by Heckel (1856: pl. 2, figs 9-11), again with reference to Pycnodus rhombus, but using once more the subsequent spelling rhomboides. Later on, Woodward (1895a: 248) restored the original spelling rhombus, which is in prevailing usage since.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MNHN JRE 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 (two specimens), 43 (two specimens), NHML 12001 (two specimens), 12002, 12003 (two specimens) 12004 (two specimens), P. 12006, 39775, 9672 (two specimens), 18600, 23152 (three specimens), 62200 (ex 1671), 1673, 43451 (two specimens), 45679 (two specimens), P. 1640 (all complete specimens).</p> <p>Genus Stenamara Poyato-Ariza &amp; Wenz, 2000 TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Stenamara mia Poyato-Ariza &amp; Wenz, 2000. Upper Barremian from Las Hoyas, province of Cuenca, Spain. Holotype of Stenamara mia: MCCM LH-14365a-b. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype and only known specimen (complete, unsatisfactory preservation), plus silicone peels of both part and counterpart (Fig. 3D).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD9FFF1FD5EFF2EFB66FA92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFD9FFF1FD42FA47FBA7F956.text	03B887ABFFD9FFF1FD42FA47FBA7F956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tepexichthys Applegate 1992	<div><p>Genus Tepexichthys Applegate, 1992</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By original designation: Tepexichthys aranguthyorum Applegate, 1992. Middle to upper Albian from the Tlayúa Formation, Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico. Only known species. Holotype of Tepexichthys aranguthyorum: IGM 3286.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Casts of the holotype (complete specimen) at MNHN and UAM, both kindly donated by S. Applegate to the authors.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFD9FFF1FD42FA47FBA7F956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFFDAFFF2FEB1FF2EFDA0FDF9.text	03B887ABFFDAFFF2FEB1FF2EFDA0FDF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trewavasia White & Moy-Thomas 1941	<div><p>Genus Trewavasia White &amp; Moy-Thomas, 1941</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — By monotypy: Xenopholis carinatus Davis, 1887. Cenomanian from Hakel, Lebanon. Holotype of Trewavasia carinatus: NHML 39239 (nearly complete specimen).</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype. Other specimens: NHLM P. 10700** (complete, excellent preservation), P.62617 (complete, good preservation); MNHN HAK- 1934; MCSNM V 3046 A-B (both complete); NMW 1965 /536 a**-b** (complete, excellent preservation).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFFDAFFF2FEB1FF2EFDA0FDF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF9BFFACFD41FC27FE7CFEB4.text	03B887ABFF9BFFACFD41FC27FE7CFEB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arduafrons Frickhinger 1991	<div><p>Genus Arduafrons Frickhinger, 1991</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Arduafrons prominoris Frickhinger, 1991.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monospecific genus.</p> <p>Family BREMBODONTIDAE Tintori, 1981 TYPE GENUS. — Brembodus Tintori, 1981.</p> <p>INCLUDED GENERA. — The type genus, and Gibbodon Tintori, 1981.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Primitive pycnodontiform fishes with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: three premaxillary teeth; eight or nine teeth on main vomerine tooth row; pelvic fin placed at more than 55% of standard length; numerous fringing fulcra on paired and unpaired fins present; 10 to 14 dorsal ridge scales; six or less postcloacal ventral keel scales.</p> <p>Suborder PYCNODONTOIDEI Nursall, 1996 REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontiform fishes with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: opercular process of hyomandibular absent (autapomorphy); ossifications in gular region absent; two branchiostegal rays, thin and separated; crenulations on vomerine and prearticular teeth occasional and weak if present; scales not covering the whole body; and scales rows between bases of lepidotrichia of unpaired fins absent.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF9BFFACFD41FC27FE7CFEB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF9BFFB3FD47FDA9FB9DFCA2.text	03B887ABFF9BFFB3FD47FDA9FB9DFCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrodontidae Berg 1940	<div><p>Family GYRODONTIDAE Berg, 1940</p> <p>TYPE GENUS. — Gyrodus Agassiz, 1833.</p> <p>INCLUDED GENERA. — Monotypic family.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Primitive pycnodontiform fishes with the following autapomorphies: central papilla in vomerine and prearticular teeth present; sagittal flanges on neural and haemal spines both anterior and posterior, with strengthened margins; more than nine anterior neural spines autogenous.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF9BFFB3FD47FDA9FB9DFCA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF9BFFB3FD59FF2EFC60FDEF.text	03B887ABFF9BFFB3FD59FF2EFC60FDEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesturidae Nursall 1996	<div><p>Family MESTURIDAE Nursall, 1996</p> <p>TYPE GENUS. — Mesturus Wagner, 1862.</p> <p>INCLUDED GENERA. — The type genus, and Micropycnodon Hibbard &amp; Graffham, 1945.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Primitive pycnodontiform fishes with the following unique combination of derived characters: maxilla ornamented and elongated; grooves and strong crenulations present on most vomerine and prearticular teeth; anal fin at 60-69% of standard length; first dorsal ridge scale larger than subsequent dorsal ridge scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF9BFFB3FD59FF2EFC60FDEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF9BFFB3FF0DFC71FEEEFA2B.text	03B887ABFF9BFFB3FF0DFC71FEEEFA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osteichthyes Huxley 1880	<div><p>Class OSTEICHTHYES Huxley, 1880 Subclass ACTINOPTERYGII Cope, 1887 Division HALECOSTOMI Regan, 1923 sensu Patterson 1973</p> <p>Order PYCNODONTIFORMES Berg, 1937 REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Halecostome fishes with the following autapomorphic characters: laterally compressed, high to rounded body shape; antorbital and ethmoid regions hypertrophied, with mesethmoid T-shaped in section; one or several unpaired dermal supraoccipital(s) present; parasphenoid largely developed, edentulous, inflected downwards; opercular process of hyomandibular vestigial or absent; suboperculum and interoperculum absent; operculum reduced; premaxillary process long and superficial; maxilla edentulous, loosely attached; supramaxilla absent; teeth on vomer and prearticular arranged in rows; dentary reduced; long, stout mandibular symphysis; cleithrum large, ventrally palaform; ribs alate; contour scales differentiated into dorsal ridge and ventral keel scales.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF9BFFB3FF0DFC71FEEEFA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF9BFFB3FF14F9F6FDD1F959.text	03B887ABFF9BFFB3FF14F9F6FDD1F959.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramesturus Taverne 1981	<div><p>Genus Paramesturus Taverne, 1981</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Paramesturus stuehmeri Taverne, 1981.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monospecific genus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF9BFFB3FF14F9F6FDD1F959	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF84FFACFFD1FA18FC9DFD98.text	03B887ABFF84FFACFFD1FA18FC9DFD98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomesodon gibbosus (Wagner 1851) Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Apomesodon gibbosus (Wagner, 1851) n. comb. (Figs 3C; 14B)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Specimen figured by Wagner (1851: pl. 3, fig. 2), currently housed at the Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie, München, Germany: AS VII 346.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Early Tithonian.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — “Solnhofener Plattenkalke”, Bavaria, Germany.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Apomesodon n. gen. with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: body depth less than 100% of standard length; dorsal prominence in obtuse angle, with anterior border inclined and posterior border horizontal, and consequently no dorsal apex; extrascapular not fused to parietal; all vomerine teeth (sub)circular; 12 to 13 hypochordal elements in caudal endoskeleton; less than 20 anal axonosts; caudal fin with straight distal border; five or more spines on dorsal ridge scales; more than 21 ventral keel scales; four to six spines on ventral keel scales.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF84FFACFFD1FA18FC9DFD98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF84FFACFF45FCB0FE2EFA41.text	03B887ABFF84FFACFF45FCB0FE2EFA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomesodon Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Apomesodon n. gen.</p> <p>Gyrodus pro parte – Agassiz 1843: 236 (name only). — Winkler 1862: 86, tab. 1.</p> <p>Mesodon pro parte – Wagner 1851: pl. 3, fig. 2. — Thiollière 1873: 13, pl. 2, fig. 2.</p> <p>Eomesodon – Saint-Seine 1949: 130, figs 56-58, pl. 14, fig. A.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Mesodon gibbosus Wagner, 1851.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species, and Apomesodon surgens n. gen., n. sp.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek prefix “Aπo-”, “Apo-”: from, separate; and the last part of its former genus “ Eomesodon ”.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Primitive pycnodontoid fishes with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: caudal pedicle not differentiated; frontals curved and short; tubular infraorbitals present; four dentary teeth; three prearticular tooth rows; more than 34 vertebrae; dorsal and anal fins rounded anteriorly; more than 17 dorsal ridge scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF84FFACFF45FCB0FE2EFA41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF84FFACFF10FE57FE6CFCE9.text	03B887ABFF84FFACFF10FE57FE6CFCE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eomesodon Woodward 1918	<div><p>Genus Eomesodon Woodward, 1918</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Pycnodus liassicus Egerton, 1855.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species,? E. barnesi (Woodward, 1906), and E. depressus? Woodward, 1918.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Primitive Pycnodontoid fishes with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: caudal pedicle differentiated; frontals curved and long; tubular infraorbitals absent; two dentary teeth; five prearticular tooth rows; 25 to 29 vertebrae; dorsal and anal fins rounded in the centre; 15 to 17 dorsal ridge scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF84FFACFF10FE57FE6CFCE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF84FFADFC88FD77FDC1FD9E.text	03B887ABFF84FFADFC88FD77FDC1FD9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apomesodon surgens Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Apomesodon surgens n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 3A, B; 14A; 21B, C; 28B; 39A, B; 40B) Mesodon gibbosus – Thiollière 1858: 783 (name only); 1871: 33; 1873: 13, pl. 2, fig. 2.</p> <p>Mesodon macropterus – Woodward 1895: 200 (infrapaginal note).</p> <p>Eomesodon gibbosus – Saint-Seine 1949: 105, 129-132, 313; figs 56-58, pl. 14, fig. A.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — ML 15443 (specimen figured by Thiollière 1873: pl. 2, fig. 2; Figs 14A; 21B, C).</p> <p>PARATYPE. — ML 15660 / MNHN CRN-69 (part and counterpart of the same individual; Figs 3A, B; 28B; 39A, B; 40B). No other specimens are known.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin verb “surgere”: ascending, rising, in reference to the shape of the dorsal prominence.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Kimmeridgian.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Cerin, Ain, France.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Apomesodon n. gen. with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: body depth more than 100% of standard length; dorsal prominence pointed, with both anterior and posterior borders inclined; extrascapular fused to parietal; posterior teeth on main vomerine tooth row oval; 11 hypochordal elements on caudal endoskeleton; more than 20 anal axonosts; caudal fin with distal bor- der convex; three or four spines on dorsal ridge scales; 18 to 21 ventral keel scales; seven or more spines on ventral keel scales.</p> <p>Superfamily PYCNODONTOIDEA Agassiz, 1833 new rank TYPE FAMILY. — Pycnodontidae Agassiz, 1833 sensu Nursall 1996b.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontoid fishes with the following autapomorphies: dermohyomandibular present, with a small to enlarged ornamented superficial portion that articulates ventrally with the preoperculum; opercular process of dermohyomandibular absent; sagittal flanges on neural and haemal spines present only anteriorly. Unique combination of primitive and derived characters: dorsal prominence absent; premaxillary and dentary teeth fully incisiform; three or less dentary teeth; neural and haemal adjacent arcocentra in contact; two or less urodermals; nuchal plates absent; less than 18 dorsal ridge scales; spines on each dorsal ridge scale of increasing size in cephalocaudal sense; less than 18 ventral keel scales; less than seven postcloacal ventral keel scales; anterior and posterior cloacal scales modified, not forming a mosaic.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF84FFADFC88FD77FDC1FD9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF85FFADFF1AFD7CFE5EFB90.text	03B887ABFF85FFADFF1AFD7CFE5EFB90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccodontidae Berg 1940	<div><p>Family COCCODONTIDAE Berg, 1940</p> <p>TYPE GENUS. — Coccodus Pictet, 1850.</p> <p>INCLUDED GENERA. — The type genus, Ichthyoceros Gayet, 1984, and Trewavasia White &amp; Moy-Thomas, 1941.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontoid fishes with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: extrascapular not fused to parietal; neural and haemal corresponding arcocentra partially surrounding notochord; six to eight epichordal elements in caudal endoskeleton; hypochordal elements in caudal endoskeleton enlarged; less than 29 dorsal axonosts; if present, first dorsal ridge scale larger than subsequent dorsal ridge scales; two or less dorsal ridge scales; three or less ventral keel scales; at most one post-cloacal ventral keel scale.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF85FFADFF1AFD7CFE5EFB90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF85FFADFF48FB4EFB48FEA8.text	03B887ABFF85FFADFF48FB4EFB48FEA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccodus Pictet 1850	<div><p>Genus Coccodus Pictet, 1850</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Specimen figured by Pictet (1850: pl. 9, fig. 9), currently housed at the Muséum de Genève: V-674 (unfigured counterpart: V-733).</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Coccodus armatus Pictet, 1850.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Coccodontid fish with the following autapomorphies: supraoccipital spine present, single and robust; coronoid process low and straight, with strengthened dorsal border; large, four-limbed cleithrum, ornamented with strong parallel ridges and one hypertrophied spine; square, low and short anal fin; all scales absent, including body scales, dorsal and ventral contour scales, and cloacal scales. Unique combination of reverted primitive and derived characters: body shape fusiform, without dorsal apex; paired prefrontal bones absent; vomerine teeth triangular; eight or nine teeth on main vomerine tooth row; two prearticular tooth rows; less than 25 vertebrae.</p> <p>Family PYCNODONTIDAE Agassiz, 1833</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF85FFADFF48FB4EFB48FEA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF85FFADFD5EFD3FFB91FC7D.text	03B887ABFF85FFADFD5EFD3FFB91FC7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macromesodon Blake 1905	<div><p>Genus Macromesodon Blake, 1905</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Gyrodus macropterus Agassiz, 1834.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species, and M. bernissartensis Traquair, 1911; plus numerous nominal species based on isolated dentitions.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF85FFADFD5EFD3FFB91FC7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF85FFADFD5EFB6EFCBCF956.text	03B887ABFF85FFADFD5EFB6EFCBCF956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stemmatodus Heckel 1854	<div><p>Genus Stemmatodus Heckel, 1854</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Pycnodus rhombus Agassiz, 1839.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontid fishes with two autapomorphic characters: maxilla unornamented, with straight oral border; and no posterior modified cloacal scales, posterior part of anal notch supported by a rib. Unique combination of derived characters: body shape intermediate, maximum body height up to 70% of standard length; ventral apex absent; preoperculum of similar size to expanded ornamented region of the dermohyomandibular; vomerine teeth (sub)- circular in contour; eight or nine teeth in principal vomerine tooth row; 10 or more teeth in principal prearticular tooth row; six or less anterior autogenous neural spines; dorsal fin at 60%-69% of standard length (R); free dorsal axonost present; all body scales incompletely ossified, reduced to bar scales; and 10 to 14 ventral keel scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF85FFADFD5EFB6EFCBCF956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF85FFADFD1AFC23FBFCFBB3.text	03B887ABFF85FFADFD1AFC23FBFCFBB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenamara Poyato-Ariza & Wenz 2000	<div><p>Genus Stenamara Poyato-Ariza &amp; Wenz, 2000</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Stenamara mia Poyato-Ariza &amp; Wenz, 2000.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF85FFADFD1AFC23FBFCFBB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF86FFAEFF7BFF2EFE1AFE79.text	03B887ABFF86FFAEFF7BFF2EFE1AFE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anomoeodus Forir 1887	<div><p>Genus Anomoeodus Forir, 1887</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Pycnodus subclavatus Agassiz, 1833.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species, A. angustus (Agassiz, 1837), A. willetti Woodward, 1893, and A. nursalli Kriwet, 1999; plus numerous nominal species based on isolated dentitions.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF86FFAEFF7BFF2EFE1AFE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF86FFAEFCBFF9A2FBFDF959.text	03B887ABFF86FFAEFCBFF9A2FBFDF959.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iemanja Wenz 1989	<div><p>Genus Iemanja Wenz, 1989</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Iemanja palma Wenz, 1989. INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF86FFAEFCBFF9A2FBFDF959	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF86FFAEFF56FE21FBD0FEB3.text	03B887ABFF86FFAEFF56FE21FBD0FEB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocloedus Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Ocloedus n. gen.</p> <p>Microdon – Vidal 1902: 6. — Lacasa 1981: 70, 124, pl. 55.</p> <p>Coelodus – Wenz 1968: 118. — Barale et al. 1984: table 2. — Wenz &amp; Poyato-Ariza 1995: 50, fig. 22/1-2. Proscinetes – Wenz &amp; Poyato-Ariza 1995: 50.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Coelodus subdiscus Wenz, 1989.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species, Ocloedus costae (Heckel, 1856) n. comb., and cf. Ocloedus “ rosadoi ” (Silva Santos, 1963) n. comb.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Anagram of Coelodus, the genus to which the Ocleodus species previously belonged to.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontid fish with the following unique combination of derived characters: mouth gape inclined; body discoid, maximum body height about 80% of standard length; caudal pedicle not differentiated; dermocranial fenestra present; preopercular of similar size to the expanded ornamented portion of the dermohyomandibula; larger prearticular teeth oval in contour; eight teeth on main prearticular tooth row; grooves on vomerine and prearticular teeth present; about 28 to 29 vertebrae; 12 or 13 hypochordal elements in caudal endoskeleton, some of them enlarged; diastema in caudal endoskeleton absent; pelvic fins at more than 55% of standard length; dorsal ridge scales in point contact with each other; three or four spines on dorsal ridge scales.</p> <p>Ocloedus subdiscus (Wenz, 1989) n. comb.</p> <p>(Figs 2B; 22B, C; 27B; 38A; 41B) HOLOTYPE. — MNHN MSE-341 (Wenz 1989b: fig. 1, pl. 1; Kriwet et al. 1999: pl. 1, fig. 4).</p> <p>PARATYPES. — MNHN MSE-442, MGSB 20.659 (Wenz 1989b: pl. 1, fig. 4; Fig. 22B).</p> <p>REFERRED SPECIMENS. — IEI LP-084a-b; MNHN- MSE-290a-b, 291a-b, 292, 300a-b, 302a-b, 303a-b, 439a-b, 652a-b, 653a-b, 656, 965 (Figs 2B; 27B; 41B); MGB 536, 537-1, 29455 a-b, 30345, 30377; MGSB 8.997, 13.376 a-b, 20.658, 20.376 (Figs 22C; 38A), 27.298, 27.299, 56.216; NHML 10996 a-b, 10997, 10999, 37497, 37500-1.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Berriasian-Valanginian.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — “La Pedrera de Meià”, El Montsec, province of Lérida, Spain.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — See Kriwet et al. 1999.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF86FFAEFF56FE21FBD0FEB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF86FFAEFCB9FC09FB43FA22.text	03B887ABFF86FFAEFCB9FC09FB43FA22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proscinetes Gistl 1848	<div><p>Genus Proscinetes Gistl, 1848</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Microdon elegans Agassiz, 1833.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species,? P. bassanii (D’Erasmo, 1914), P. bernardi (Thiollière, 1852), P. egertoni (Thiollière, 1852),? P. itieri (Saint-Seine, 1949), P.? radiatus (Agassiz 1836), P. sauvanasi? (Thiollière, 1852), P. thiollieri? (Saint-Seine, 1949), P.? wagneri (Thiollière, 1852).</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Proscinetine fish with the following unique combination of reverted primitive and derived characters: two large branchiostegal rays in contact; neural and haemal corresponding arcocentra not surrounding notochord, except individual exceptions in a few caudal vertebrae; pelvic fins at more than 55% of standard length; falcate to acuminate dorsal and anal fins; free dorsal axonost present; 40 to 49 anal axonosts; two urodermals; 15 to 17 dorsal ridge scales; and two anterior plus three posterior modified cloacal scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF86FFAEFCB9FC09FB43FA22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF86FFAEFD77FDF9FCB0FC3B.text	03B887ABFF86FFAEFD77FDF9FCB0FC3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proscinetinae Gistl 1848	<div><p>Subfamily PROSCINETINAE Gistl, 1848</p> <p>new rank</p> <p>TYPE GENUS. — Proscinetes Gistl, 1848.</p> <p>INCLUDED GENERA. — The type genus, and Neoproscinetes Figueiredo &amp; Silva Santos, 1987.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontid fishes with the following autapomorphy: alternation of one large and two small teeth on main vomerine tooth row. Unique combination of derived characters: three vomerine tooth rows; eight or nine teeth on main vomerine tooth row (counting each couple of alternating small teeth as one tooth); about 30 to 34 vertebrae; dorsal ridge scales separated from each other; 18 to 21 ventral keel scales; spines on ventral keel scales placed in the posterior region of the midline.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF86FFAEFD77FDF9FCB0FC3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF86FFAEFD43FE91FBFDFE0A.text	03B887ABFF86FFAEFD43FE91FBFDFE0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tepexichthys Applegate 1992	<div><p>Genus Tepexichthys Applegate, 1992</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Tepexichthys aranguthyorum Applegate, 1992.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF86FFAEFD43FE91FBFDFE0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF87FFAFFF32FEE8FEE0FCBD.text	03B887ABFF87FFAFFF32FEE8FEE0FCBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelodus Heckel 1854	<div><p>Genus Coelodus Heckel, 1854 sensu stricto</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Coelodus saturnus Heckel, 1854.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Derived pycnodontid fish with the following autapomorphies: prearticular teeth extremely elongated, up to five times longer perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the bone; diastema in caudal endoskeleton present, separating hypochordal elements 7 and 8. Unique combination of reverted primitive and derived characters: mouth gape subhorizontal; body ovoid in contour, maximum body height about 60% of standard length; caudal pedicle long, well differentiated; 11 teeth on main prearticular tooth row; grooves on vomerine and prearticular teeth present; about 31 vertebrae; 10 or 11 hypochordal elements in caudal endoskeleton, some of them hypertrophied; caudal fin double emarginated in distal contour; dorsal ridge scales separated from each other; no spines on dorsal ridge scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF87FFAFFF32FEE8FEE0FCBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF87FFAFFF65FC66FDABFB98.text	03B887ABFF87FFAFFF65FC66FDABFB98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelodus saturnus Heckel 1854	<div><p>Coelodus saturnus Heckel, 1854</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — NMW 1857.XXXIII.2 (Heckel 1856: pl. 3, fig. 1; Figs 2A; 22A; 27A; 38B).</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — As for genus (monotypic genus).</p> <p>Subfamily PYCNODONTINAE Agassiz, 1833</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF87FFAFFF65FC66FDABFB98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF87FFA8FCB5FC29FD95FE9D.text	03B887ABFF87FFA8FCB5FC29FD95FE9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oropycnodus Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Oropycnodus n. gen.</p> <p>Palaeobalistum – Heckel 1856: 236, pl. 11, figs 1-15.</p> <p>Coelodus – Blot 1987: 146, 147.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Palaeobalistum ponsortii Heckel, 1854. INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek substantive “Oρo, oρεoς”, “Oro, oreos”: mountain, in reference to Mont Aimé, the type and only locality; and “ Pycnodus ”: the genus it is sister-group to.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontine fish with the following autapomorphies: opercular bone extremely reduced, almost bar-like; cloaca with bifid scale plus several comma-shaped scales; post-cloacal notch present. Unique combination of derived characters: body discoid, maximum body height about 70-80% of standard length in adult specimens; dorsal apex placed at the point of insertion of the dorsal fin; ventral apex present before the point of insertion of the anal fin; caudal pedicle not differentiated; all infraorbitals tubular; vomerine teeth oval in contour; seven or less teeth on main vomerine tooth row; seven or less teeth on main prearticular tooth row; crenulations on vomerine and prearticular teeth occasionally present, weak; last neural spine not supporting caudal fin rays reduced; dorsal fin insertion at 50-59% of standard length; 60 or more dorsal axonosts; dorsal and anal fins rounded anteriorly; anal fin insertion at 60-69% of standard length; 50 or more anal axonosts; one urodermal present; four to six spines on ventral keel scales; spines on each ventral keel scale in contact with each other; two post-cloacal ventral keel scales; two anterior modified cloacal scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF87FFA8FCB5FC29FD95FE9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF87FFAFFF70F981FBB4FC71.text	03B887ABFF87FFAFFF70F981FBB4FC71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pycnodus Agassiz 1833	<div><p>Genus Pycnodus Agassiz, 1833</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Coryphaena apoda Volta, 1809.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species; plus numerous nominal species based on isolated dentitions.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Early to middle Eocene.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Monte Bolca, Italy.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontine fish with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: body shape ovoid, maximum body height about 50-60% of standard length in adult specimens; dorsal apex placed before the point of insertion of the dorsal fin; ventral apex absent; caudal pedicle differentiated, well developed; extrascapular not fused to parietal; anterior infraorbital enlarged; vomerine teeth circular to subcircular in contour; eight or nine teeth on main vomerine tooth row; 10 or more teeth on main prearticular tooth row; crenulations on vomerine and prearticular teeth absent; last neural spine not supporting caudal fin rays vestigial; dorsal fin insertion at 40-49% of standard length; 50 to 59 dorsal axonosts; dorsal and anal fins strip-like to slightly acuminate; anal fin insertion at 50-59% of standard length; 40 to 49 anal axonosts; urodermals absent; seven or more spines on ventral keel scales; spines on each ventral keel scale separated from each other; one anterior modified cloacal scale; one post-cloacal ventral keel scale; cloaca with bifid scale and without comma-shaped scales; post-cloacal notch absent.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF87FFAFFF70F981FBB4FC71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF80FFA8FCB0FD8BFD2BFA97.text	03B887ABFF80FFA8FCB0FD8BFD2BFA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abdobalistum Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Genus Abdobalistum n. gen.</p> <p>Palaeobalistum – Heckel 1856 pro parte: 204, 205, 229-233, pl. 1, fig. 11a-b, pl. 10.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Abdobalistum thyrsus n. gen., n. sp.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monotypic genus.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin adjective “Abdo, - itus”: put away, removed, exiled; and the last part of its former genus “ Palaeobalistum ”.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Nursalliine fish with the following autapomorphies: scutellum-like contour scales present, ventral only; several reduced scales attached to most dorsal and ventral contour scales. Unique combination of reverted primitive and derived characters: body shape rounded, maximum body height about 85% of standard length; dorsal apex placed before the point of insertion of the dorsal fin; caudal pedicle not differentiated; crenulations on vomerine and prearticular teeth occasionally present, weak; grooves on vomerine and prearticular teeth present; 35 or more vertebrae; neural and haemal arcocentra surrounding notochord partially; dorsal and ventral adjacent arcocentra in complex contact; dorsal and anal fin strip-like; urodermals absent; caudal fin about twice higher than long, with distal border convex; all body scales incompletely ossified, reduced to bar scales; 15 to 17 dorsal ridge scales, in close contact with each other; 15 to 17 ventral keel scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF80FFA8FCB0FD8BFD2BFA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF80FFA8FF4FFA76FBA2FDD0.text	03B887ABFF80FFA8FF4FFA76FBA2FDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nursallia Blot 1987	<div><p>Genus Nursallia Blot, 1987</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Nursallia veronae Blot, 1987.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — The type species, N. flavellatum? (Cope, 1886), N.? gutturosum (Arambourg, 1954), N.? goedeli (Heckel, 1854), N. ventralis? (Davis, 1887).</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Nursalliine fish with the following autapomorphies: frontals strongly curved, very broad, giving the skull a hemispherical shape dorsally and placing the orbit at about midway between the dorsal and the ventral borders of the head; neural and haemal adjacent arcocentra in hyper-complex contact; caudal fin vertical, very short, five to six times higher than long, with upper and lower lobes practically perpendicular to the axis of the body and defining a vertical axis in the fin, whose distal border is slightly convex. Unique combination of reverted primitive and derived characters: caudal pedicle differentiated; vomerine teeth (sub)circular in contour; neural and haemal corresponding arcocentra surrounding notochord completely; last neural spine not supporting precurrent caudal fin rays vestigial; six to eight hypochordal elements in caudal endoskeleton.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF80FFA8FF4FFA76FBA2FDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF80FFA8FFD4FE7CFF72FC4F.text	03B887ABFF80FFA8FFD4FE7CFF72FC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oropycnodus ponsorti (Heckel 1854) Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Oropycnodus ponsorti (Heckel, 1854) n. comb.</p> <p>(Figs 4B; 11A, B; 17A, B; 29A, B; 42A, B; 46B) LECTOTYPE. — NMW 1854 /XXXIX/38 (Heckel 1856: pl. 11, fig. 1; Figs 4B; 17A, B; 42A, B).</p> <p>PARALECTOTYPES. — NMW 1854/XXXIX/39 (Heckel 1856; Fig. 46B) and 1854/XXXIX/40 (Heckel 1856: pl. 11, fig. 2; Fig. 11A, B).</p> <p>REFERRED SPECIMENS. — MNHN MTA 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 (Fig. 29A), 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49; NHML 30035, 30036, 30037, 30038, 30039, 30040, 30042, 30043, 30044, 30045, 30046, 30047, P1638.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Paleocene (Montian).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Mont Aimé, Chalons-sur-Marne, France.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — As for genus (monotypic genus).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF80FFA8FFD4FE7CFF72FC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF80FFA8FF1FFC0EFF63FAA7.text	03B887ABFF80FFA8FF1FFC0EFF63FAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nursalliinae Blot 1987	<div><p>Subfamily NURSALLIINAE Blot, 1987</p> <p>new rank</p> <p>TYPE GENUS. — Nursallia Blot, 1987.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Pycnodontid fishes with the following unique combination of primitive and derived characters: premaxillary and dentary teeth barely incisiform, not sensu stricto; neural and haemal corresponding arcocentra surrounding notochord partially to completely; neural and haemal adjacent arcocentra in complex to hyper-complex contact; hypochordal elements in caudal endoskeleton enlarged to hypertrophied; and scales present in abdominal and caudal regions of the body.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF80FFA8FF1FFC0EFF63FAA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF80FFA9FCB1FA47FF14FB31.text	03B887ABFF80FFA9FCB1FA47FF14FB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abdobalistum thyrsus Poyato-Ariza F. J. & Wenz S. 2002	<div><p>Abdobalistum thyrsus n. sp. (Fig. 4C, D)</p> <p>Palaeobalistum orbiculatum – Heckel 1856 pro parte: 229-233, pl. 10.</p> <p>Palaeobalistum orbiculatum – Blot 1987: “type = lectotype ” 88-108, figs 42-48, pls 26-29.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — MHML P 9830 (Fig. 4C, D; only known specimen).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin substantive “thyrsus, -i”, close-branched cluster, panicle; in reference to its autapomorphic multiple scales attached to most contour scales.</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Early to middle Eocene.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Monte Bolca, Italy.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — As for genus (monotypic genus).</p> <p>Genus Palaeobalistum Blainville, 1818 Balistes – Faujas de Saint Fond 1803: 132, 133, pl. 6.</p> <p>Diodon – Volta 1809 (1796): 168, 169, pl. 40.</p> <p>Palaeobalistum – Blainville 1818: 338, 339. — Heckel 1856 pro parte: 204, 205, 229-233, pl. 1, fig. 11a-b.</p> <p>Pycnodus – Agassiz II, pt. 1, 1833: 17, pt. II: 190, 191. TYPE SPECIES. — P. orbiculatum Blainville, 1818.</p> <p>INCLUDED SPECIES. — Monospecific genus.</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — Nursalliine fish with the following unique combination of reverted primitive and derived characters: body shape intermediate, non-discoid, maximum body height less than 60% of standard length, with dorsal apex absent; caudal pedicle differentiated; crenulations and grooves on vomerine and prearticular teeth absent; infraorbitals as a mosaic of small plates; hypochordal elements of caudal endoskeleton enlarged; urodermals not differentiated; scales completely ossified, covering the whole body; scale rows in different directions; double scale rows present; scale rows between the bases of the lepidotrichia of unpaired fins absent; ornamentation made of tubercles; 15 to 17 dorsal ridge scales, in point contact with each other; 18 to 21 ventral keel scales; seven or more spines on ventral keel scales.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF80FFA9FCB1FA47FF14FB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
03B887ABFF81FFA9FF20FAEBFD21FF00.text	03B887ABFF81FFA9FF20FAEBFD21FF00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeobalistum orbiculatum Blainville 1818	<div><p>Palaeobalistum orbiculatum Blainville, 1818 (Fig. 4A)</p> <p>Diodon orbicularis – Volta 1809 (1796): 168, 169, pl. 40.</p> <p>Palaeobalistum orbiculatum – Blainville 1818: 338, 339. — Heckel 1856 pro parte: 204, 205, 229-233, pl. 1, fig. 11a-b.</p> <p>Pycnodus orbicularis – Agassiz II, pt. 1, 1833: 17; pt. II; 1843: 190, 191.</p> <p>Palaeobalistum zignoi – Blot 1987: 88-90, 108-117, fig. 49, tables 9, 10, pls 30-33.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — MNHN BOL 0523 (Volta 1809: pl. 40; Fig. 4A; only known specimen).</p> <p>REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — As for genus (monotypic genus).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887ABFF81FFA9FF20FAEBFD21FF00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Poyato-Ariza F. J.;Wenz S.	Poyato-Ariza F. J., Wenz S. (2002): A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes. Geodiversitas 24 (1): 139-248, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5371649
