taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B887B969783E1DFF52F349FE28FD26.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Gadoria falukei Güemes & Mota, sp nov.	en	Güemes, Jaime, Mota, Juan F. (2017): Gadoria (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): A new genus, endemic from Sierra de Gádor, Almería, Spain. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 201-221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1
03B887B969783E1DFF52F349FE28FD26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Like Asarina Mill., Gadoria is a perennial suffrutescent herb with branches not cirrhose; leaves homomorphic, simple, palmately veined, petiolate (petioles not cirrhose), opposite, densely glandular-pubescent; flowers zygomorphic, personate, solitary in the bract-axil; bracts similar to the leaves. It differs from Asarina in the flowers, with a corolla-tube shorter than the calyx lobes, not clearly longer (at least twice as longer); the capsules have a thick and woody wall that is opened by two circular and well defined pores (one per locule), partially enclosed by two rigid semi-persistent opercula, not thin and papyraceous capsule wall, which is opened by two irregular and diffuse pores (one per loculus), without opercula. Perennial suffrutescent, glandular-pubescent, herbs; stems homomorphic, procumbent, trailing or ascending, simple or branched at the base, the branches not cirrhose; leaves homomorphic, simple, reniform to ovate-cordate, lobed, palmately veined, petiolate, opposite; petioles not cirrhose, shorter than the leaf limb. Flowers zygomorphic, pedicellate, solitary in the bract-axils. Bracts opposite, similar to leaves, slightly smaller towards the apex. Pedicels shorter than bracts, not accrescent, arched, not cirrhose, erect-patent during anthesis and reflexed at fruiting. Calyx deeply divided, the lobes entire, more or less equal, imbricate, longer than corolla-tube, accrescent, as long as the capsule at maturity. Corolla personate, with tube cylindrical, not dorsi-ventrally compressed, not canaliculated abaxially, briefly gibbous abaxially at base; limb bilabiate, the lips more or less equal; adaxial lip patent, bilobed, lobes entire, divergent or parallel, not imbricate, flat; abaxial lip with conspicuous bigibbous palate partially occluding mouth of tube, trilobed, lobes entire, slightly unequal — the central as long as the lateral, slightly narrower. Fertile stamens 4, didynamous, the adjacent pairs marginally coherent, slightly exserted, the connective not dilated above anther; staminode minute. Ovary bilocular; loculi equal in size and number of ovules; many ovules in each locule; style simple, erect, partially persistent in fruit; stigma capitate, entire, positioned between anthers of fertile stamens. Capsule bisymmetrical, ovoid; wall hard, stiff, woody; septum erect, extended by an apiculum resulting from desiccation of the base of the style; loculi equal, many-seeded, dehiscing more or less simultaneously, each locule opening by regular valves forming solitary, apical, simple, regular, round, well defined pore, opening by one valve circumcised valve, laterally attached to the wall, which remains for a long time on mature capsule. Seeds narrowly ovoid, truncate at the extremes, more or less radially and transversally symmetrical, deep and irregularly reticulates; hilum sub-basal; ridges sinuate, broad, rounded, more or less anastomosed.	en	Güemes, Jaime, Mota, Juan F. (2017): Gadoria (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): A new genus, endemic from Sierra de Gádor, Almería, Spain. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 201-221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1
03B887B969783E1DFF52F349FE28FD26.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The genus takes its name from the Sierra de Gádor, Almería (Spain), where it appears to be geographically restricted.	en	Güemes, Jaime, Mota, Juan F. (2017): Gadoria (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): A new genus, endemic from Sierra de Gádor, Almería, Spain. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 201-221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1
03B887B9697F3E12FF52F67FFB01FF28.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SPAIN. Almería: Dalías, Sierra de Gádor, barranco Bernal, 36 º 49 ’ 33.97 ’’ N, 02 º 43 ’ 26.37 ’’ W, elev. 580 m, paredones calizos con fósiles marinos (bivalvos), orientación S, zona de refugio de ganado, 12 May 2012, L. Posadas, F. Rodríguez, J. Vílchez, F. Martínez-Hernández, J. F. Mota & J. Güemes JG- 4305 (holotype: VAL 208956!; isotype: HUAL s / n!) Glandular-pubescent perennial suffrutescent herb with glandular multicellular, uniseriate, straight, patent trichomes, 0.15 – 1.35 mm long, formed by 7 – 10 cells at the stalk, and a apical, spherical secretory cell. Stems few, 12 – 25 (33) cm long, procumbent, pendant, rigid, brittle. Leaves 2.5 – 3.7 × 1.1 – 2.3 cm, reniform to ovate-cordate, lobed, with entire lobes; petiole 9 – 15 mm, sulcate. Flowers with pedicels 7 – 9 mm long, slightly larger than the calyx, shorter than the petiole, arched, erect-patent in flower. Calyx-lobes accrescent, 5 – 6 × 1.5 – 2 mm in flower, to 7.5 – 8 × 4 – 4.5 mm in fruit, ovate, acute, glandular-pubescent. Corolla 11 – 15 mm long, entirely yellow, without purple veins; tube 6 – 7 × 3 – 3.8 mm, scarcely gibbous at base, the gibossity 0.5 – 1.5 mm, hidden by the calyx-lobes; adaxial lip with two lobes 4.5 – 5 mm wide and sinus 3.5 – 4 mm; abaxial lip with central lobe 2 – 2.3 mm wide, and lateral lobes 2.5 – 3 mm wide, sinus 3 – 3.5 mm; palate yellow. Capsule 8.5 – 9 × 7 – 7.5 mm, glandular-pubescent, with glandular multicellular, uniseriate, patent trichomes. Seeds 0.8 – 1.1 mm, dark brown.	en	Güemes, Jaime, Mota, Juan F. (2017): Gadoria (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): A new genus, endemic from Sierra de Gádor, Almería, Spain. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 201-221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1
03B887B9697F3E12FF52F67FFB01FF28.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The new species is dedicated to Francisco Rodríguez (Faluke), a tireless explorer from Sierra de Gádor, and an amateur botanist, who understood the rarity of those plants that hung from the walls of a cave in the Sierra. Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): — SPAIN. Almería: Dalías, Sierra de Gádor, barranco Bernal, 36 º 49 ’ 33.97 ’’ N, 02 º 43 ’ 26.37 ’’ W, elev. 580 m, paredones calizos con fósiles marinos (bivalvos), orientación S, zona de refugio de ganado, 22 January 2012, L. Posadas, F. Rodríguez & J. Vílchez s / n (VAL 206223!); same locality, pr. Peñón de Bernal, 36 º 49 ’ 33.97 ’’ N, 02 º 43 ’ 26.37 ’’ W, elev. 585 m, covacha umbrosa de materiales calizos, 05 May 2012, J. F. Mota, L. Posadas, F. Martínez-Hernández, F. Rodríguez & A. Ivorra s / n (HUAL 25970!). Illustrations: Figs. 1 – 3. Additional specimens examined (Asarina procumbens): — SPAIN. Barcelona: Montseny, pr. Santa Fe, 20 July 1994, G. Mateo (VAL 85741!); Gerona: Pau, camino entre Vilaür y las Torroelles, 42 º 17 ’ 8.59 ’’ N, 03 º 07 ’ 5.21 ’’ E, brecha entre bloques graníticos, 2 July 2014, J. Güemes JG- 5102 (VAL 231560!); Gerona: Nùria, 19 July 1983, J. Vigo & G. Mateo (VAL 111316!); Lérida: Carretera N 260, a 2 km de Martinet, de la Seu d´Urgell a Bellver de Cerdanya, 42 º 22 ’ 07.74 ’’ N, 01 º 39 ’ 59.06 ’’ E, 25 April 2006, J. Güemes, P. Blasco & E. Carrió (VAL 181277!). Phenology: — Flowering: from April to June; fruiting: from May to July. Chromosomal studies: — Chromosome number 2 n = 2 x = 18, with symmetrical karyotype (A 2 = 0.1) and small chromosomes of 1.1 – 1.7 μm (Figure 4). Based on measurements taken, the karyotypic formula is 2 M + 14 m + 2 sm. The arm length values, overall dimensions, type of chromosome and r-value are shown in Table 2. Homologous pairs could not be identified; therefore, the ideogram has been prepared with all chromosomes ordered consecutively (Figure 4). Pollen morphology: — Pollen grains prolate (P / E = 1.3), with equatorial axis 18.1 μm (16 – 19 μm) and polar axis 24.5 (22 – 25.5 μm); trizonocolporate, with perforated-tectate exine, with perforations smaller than 0.5 μm (Figure 3). Phylogenetic analysis: — The BI and MP analysis of ITS sequences yielded similar topologies, with BI displaying higher support values (Figure 5). The BI analysis using GTR + I + G as the simplest model of DNA evolution reached equilibrium after 360,000 generations. The MP analysis rendered 400 most-parsimonious trees of 951 steps [consistency index (CI) = 0.548; retention index (RI) = 0.678]. The results are consistent with those of Vargas et al. (2004) since the tree topology of the MP and BI analysis showed the same pattern to their MP and BI trees and revealed the same six major clades (Linaria, Gambelia, Anarrhinum, Maurandya, Chaenorhinum and Antirrhinum) with high bootstrap (BS) and Posterior Probability (PP) values (only exception for the MP analysis with less than 75 % BS support for the Chaenorhinum group). The Maurandya group, including the genera Maurandella (A. Gray 1868: 375) Rothmaler (1943: 26), Rhodochiton Zuccarini ex Otto & A. Dietrich (1833: 153), Lophospermum D. Don (1827: 351), Cymbalaria Hill (1756: 113) and Asarina, is well defined with a 100 % BS support and PP value of 79. This clade includes two well supported monophyletic groups: the first is composed of the two specimens of Gadoria falukei (100 % BP, 100 PP); and the second group is formed by the ITS sequences of Maurandella antirrhiniflora, Rhodochiton atrosanguineum and Lophospermum erubescens (90 % BP, 100 PP). Reproductive biology: — Tests conducted in 2013, 2014 and 2015 showed similar results highlighting the high spontaneous autogamy in G. falukei. In all cases, fruit production was close to 100 % and seed production to 90 % (Table 3).	en	Güemes, Jaime, Mota, Juan F. (2017): Gadoria (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): A new genus, endemic from Sierra de Gádor, Almería, Spain. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 201-221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1
03B887B9697F3E12FF52F67FFB01FF28.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and biogeography: — Gadoria falukei is a new Iberian endemic from Sierra de Gádor (Almería province), in the Gadorense district, Alpujarreño – Gadorense sector, Murcian – Almeriensian biogeographical province, in the Mediterranean region (Rivas-Martínez 2007). The only known population of G. falukei is found in the semiarid thermomediterranean bioclimatic zone, at an elevation of about 580 m, on almost vertical rock faces and overhanging cliffs that are composed of coastal Miocene conglomerates (Vicar unit). These marine conglomerates, which transition to calcarenite of an ancient marine platform, are surrounded by Alpujarride’s dolomites that make up Bernal’s Peñon (IGME 1983). Despite Triassic materials being predominant in the area, G. falukei lives exclusively on much more recent friable conglomerates, representing an edaphic island in the sense of Rajakaruna (2004). Gadoria falukei inhabits a rupicolous plant community characterized by both low species richness and low vegetative cover. The most abundant species is Lafuentea rotundifolia Lagasca (1816: 19), which is characteristic of the thermophilous alliance Cosentinio-Lafuenteion rotundifoliae A. Asensi, Molero Mesa, Pérez Raya, Rivas-Martínez & F. Valle (1990: 85), and brings together the chasmophytic and chomo-chasmophytic communities of the southeast Iberian Peninsula. Adiantum capillus-veneris Linnaeus (1753: 1096), a pteridophyte that typically inhabits moist, seeping crevices, is also present at the locality, but its abundance is low due to limited water availability, a factor that may also explain the rarity of G. falukei. In any case, floristic composition and vegetation coverage of the rock-dwelling communities inhabited by this species is very different from the much more widespread neighboring rupicolous communities on Triassic dolomites and limestones, which are dominated by Teucrium intricatum Lange (1864: 21) and Athamanta vayredana (Font Quer 1926: 3) C. Pardo (1981: 165). populations, collection voucher, GenBank accession numbers, and reference of publication data.	en	Güemes, Jaime, Mota, Juan F. (2017): Gadoria (Antirrhineae, Plantaginaceae): A new genus, endemic from Sierra de Gádor, Almería, Spain. Phytotaxa 298 (3): 201-221, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.1
