identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B86709FF997909FE77C6A1FCCF6445.text	03B86709FF997909FE77C6A1FCCF6445.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Noctuidae Latreille 1809	<div><p>Family Noctuidae Latreille, 1809</p><p>Latreille, P. A. 1809. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimus explicata. Tomus 4. Parisiis et Argentorati [= Paris and Strasbourg], A. Koenig, 399 pp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF997909FE77C6A1FCCF6445	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF997909FE98C5E1FE6664FF.text	03B86709FF997909FE98C5E1FE6664FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Noctuinae Latreille 1809	<div><p>Subfamily Noctuinae Latreille, 1809</p><p>Genus Dichagyris Lederer, 1857</p><p>Dichagyris Lederer, 1857: 206 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF997909FE98C5E1FE6664FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF927901FE81C3A6FC8A6335.text	03B86709FF927901FE81C3A6FC8A6335.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris forficula subsp. forficula (Eversmann 1851)	<div><p>Dichagyris forficula forficula (Eversmann, 1851)</p><p>(Figs 1-4, 41)</p><p>Agrotis forficula Eversmann, 1851: 629 .</p><p>Type locality: “ Géorgie ” (“ Armenia ” on the original, hand-written label)</p><p>Dichagyris forficula devota (Christoph, 1884) stat. n.</p><p>(Figs 13–16, 47, 48, 70, 71)</p><p>Agrotis devota Christoph, 1884, in Romanoff, Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères 1: 116; Pl. 7, fig. 6. Type locality: mountains near Ashkhabad.</p><p>In contrast with the colourful habitus and opulence of individual variations in D. forficula hadjina, the populations of the mountains of Iranian Khorasan and Turkmenistan display a much more faded and monochromatic colouration which were described as Agrotis devota by Christoph (1884). Following the short diagnosis (in Latin), A. devota was compared with the closely related but slightly larger and more varied species D. renigera and differentiated from it by the more uniform, pale reddish-grey colouration. This species was also contrasted to Standfussiana defessa (Lederer, 1858) and clearly distinguished by the darker and dentate transverse lines. According to the description, only two females were captured. The original figure shows, however, based on the tip of the abdomen, a male specimen. Unfortunately, the home page of the ZIRAS does not contain any picture of these specimens (https:// www.zin.ru/ collections/Lepidoptera/catalogen.html?taxon_id).</p><p>We found, however, two male (!) specimens in that collection with the label “Askhabad” which may be identical, based on the score of the figure in the original description, with the specimens collected by Christoph, and one of them is designated here as Lectotype of the taxon Dichagyris forficula devota (Christoph, 1884) stat. n. A third, original specimen from Christoph was discovered in the collection of the BMNH with the following labels: “Shah Kuh” (hand written, black ink), “ex coll. Christoph.” (printed), “Ex. coll. H. J. Elwes, 1920” (printed), “Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934-120” (printed), “NHMUK01354240” (printed), “ 42 mm ” (printed), “devota /turana” (hand written, black ink). As this specimen does not belong to those which are mentioned in the original description, it cannot be considered as Paralectotype of the species. The series of specimens preserved in the same collection from Kara-Kala (Turkmenistan) and published by KUZNETSOV (1960) as D. forficula turana can also be associated to this taxon.</p><p>The genital structures of D. forficula devota (Figs 47–48, 70–71) essentially agree with those of D. forficula forficula . However, the genital capsule seem to be slightly graciler and the thin cornutus is on average slightly shorter. The wing expanse has the same variation as in the case of D. forficula forficula (34–42 mm vs 33–41 mm).</p><p>III. DICHAGYRIS FORFICULA IN THE NE CAUCASUS RANGE with description of a new subspecies</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF927901FE81C3A6FC8A6335	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF917904FEACC20EFEBA6788.text	03B86709FF917904FEACC20EFEBA6788.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris forficula subsp. akdagestana Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris forficula akdagestana subsp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ 8258ACB9-4DB4-43F7-9866-D848803B09C7 (Figs 9–12, 42, 69)</p><p>Holotype: male, “ Russia, N Caucasus, Daghestan, Gubden vill., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.416668/lat 42.55)">Karabudakhkentsky distr.</a>, 42°33’N, 47°25’E, 1000 m, 3. VI. 2021, leg. V. Zurilina”, gen. slide GYP 5775m (coll. PG) . Paratypes. Russia. Daghestan. 3 males, 1 female, with same data as holotype; 1 female, from the same locality, 27.VII.2020, leg. V. Zurilina; 2 males, from the same locality 21. V. and 2. VI.2021, leg. V. Zurilina; 4 males, 10 females, from the same locality, 42°32’N, 47°25’E, 1030 m, 27. VI.2022, leg. V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.416668/lat 42.533333)">Zurilina</a>; 6 males, 11 females, from the same locality, 2.VII. and 8.VII.2022, leg. V. Zurilina (all in coll. PG); 1 male, with same data (coll. Z. Varga). Slides: GYP5586f, GYP5799f, VZ 11518m, VZ 11973m. Ingoushetia . 1 male, 2 females, “ChIASSR Furtoug 1000 m 12. Juli, 1989 leg. Herczig, Uherkovich, Horváth, Szollát, Sárközi ”; 1 male, from the same site, 12-13. VI.1990, leg. L. Ábrahám &amp; Á. Uherkovich; 13 males, 13 females, with the same locality, “ 2.VII.1991, leg. B. Herczig, V. Markó et Z. Mészáros ” ; 1 male, 1 female, “NE Caucasus, Lezsgi 1300 m, 8.VII.1991. leg. B. Herczig, V. Markó et Z. Mészáros” (coll. RG). Slide Nos: VZ 9771m, VZ 11513m, VZ6753 f, VZ11473 f, VZ11479 f, VZ11519 f, VZ11523 f .</p><p>Diagnosis. This subspecies belongs to the smaller ones of D. forficula, expanse 33–36 mm. Head, collar, thorax and forewings are nearly concolorous whitish-grey or light ash-grey, without any ochreous or reddish colouration, the forewings are nearly patternless or with faintly marked thin, crenulate crosslines only. Maculation weakly defined with some grey scales and filled with whitish scales, the submarginal field is slightly darker; the cilia are chequered with some darker grey scales. Hindwings whitish grey with diffuse slightly darker margins.</p><p>The male and female genitalia (Figs 42, 69) agree with those of the typical subspecies.</p><p>Distribution. The new subspecies seems to be confined to certain calcareous hilly areas of the North Caucasus range in Daghestan and in the Ingoushia territory, Russian Federation. Its range seems to be separated from the much more extended distribution of the nominotypical race occurring south from the main ridge of the Great Caucasus massif.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the type locality and the whitish colouration of the subspecies.</p><p>IV. TAXONOMIC SUBDIVISION OF DICHAGYRIS FORFICULA IN CENTRAL ASIA with description of two new subspecies</p><p>The D. forficula specimens from the southeastern hilly part of Afghanistan (Sarobi, Khurd Kabul) and adjacent part of Pakistan (Baluchistan, near Quetta) are essentially similar to D. forficula devota and they were mentioned and figured (LÖDL et al. 2012) as D. devota turana due to the misidentification of Agrotis renigera var. turana (see below). They display nearly the same light ochreous grey colouration of the thorax and forewings as D. forficula devota . However, these specimens have a slightly larger wing expanse (37–43 mm), the forewings are more elongate and the crosslines are more expressed (Figs 17–20) than in D. forficula devota (Figs 13–16). The male genitalia (Fig. 49) are essentially identical with those of the other subspecies of D. forficula, however the valvae and the claspers are slightly more elongate. The thin subbasal cornutus is somewhat shorter than in other subspecies, however, the completely, helicoidally recurved vesica is similar to those of D. forficula forficula and D. forficula devota .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF917904FEACC20EFEBA6788	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF94791BFE92C6D0FB986437.text	03B86709FF94791BFE92C6D0FB986437.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris forficula subsp. pseudoturana Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris forficula pseudoturana ssp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ C8B7BF79-EAB5-4F74-AB63-20CB9E56311F (Figs 17–20, 49, 72, 73)</p><p>Holotype: male, “ 4.VII.1969 | O-Afghanistan, Paghman 30 km NW Kabul, 2500 m. | leg. Vartian ” (NHMW).</p><p>Paratypes. Afghanistan. 4 females, with same data as holotype; 2 males, 14 females, 10 km NW from Kabul, 1900 m, 1. VI.1965, leg. Kasy &amp; Vartian; 2 females, from the same locality, 25. VI.1965; 1 female, from the same locality, 5. VI.1965, leg. Kasy &amp; Vartian; 1 female, Paghman, 30 km N of Kabul, 2500 m, leg. Vartian; 14 males, 16 females: Khurd Kabul, SO v. Kabul, 1900 m, 20.V.1965, 23.V.1965, 26.V.1965 and 18.VI.1965, leg. Kasy &amp; Vartian ”; 1 female, 40 km SW of Kabul, 2300 m, 17. VI.1965, leg. Kasy &amp; Vartian; 1 male, 2 females, Tang-i-Gharu, 1400 m, 30. V.1975, leg. W. Thomas; 1 female, Band-i-Amir, 2800 m, 9-12. VII.1975, leg. W. Thomas; 1 female, SE Afghanistan, Safed Koh, Kotkai, 2350 m, 21.VI.-1. VII.1969, leg. Vartian. MHNG ENTO numbers: 21041, 21043, 21044, 21046, 21048, 21103, 21104, 21286, 21287; slide Nos PL 631m, VZ 10134m, VZ 10197m, VZ 10312m, VZ 11134m, VZ 11652m, VZ11653 f, VZ11654 f, VZ11655 f (coll. NHMW and MHNG). 1 male, Prov. Bamian, Sabzil, 2900 m, 19-20.VII.2013, leg. I. Plyushch, O. Pak &amp; Yu. Skrylnik, slide No. VZ 11986m (coll. OP) . Pakistan. 2 females, 150 km SW Quetta, 900 m, 13. V.1965, leg. Kasy &amp; Vartian, MHNG ENTO 21270, 21297 (coll. MHNG); 1 male, Baluchistan, Quetta prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=67.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 67.75/lat 30.183332)">Ziarat</a>, 2500 m, 67°45’E, 30°11’N, 14-19. VI.1992, leg. Z. Weidenhoffer (coll. PG). Slide Nos VZ 9097m, VZ 10999m, VZ 11027m . Tajikistan. 4 males, 7 females, 15 km SE Shaartuz, betw. Dzharkurgan and Kurdzhahot, 300 m, 23.04.2010, leg. Pak (coll. OP), 11 males, 20 females, Babatag Mts., 50 km W Kurgan Tjube, 1200 m, 5. V. 1994, leg. Lukhtanov (coll. PG). Slide Nos GYP 5314, VZ 11985m, VZ11991 f .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new subspecies of D. forficula can be easily distinguished both from the typical subspecies and from D. forficula devota by the larger expanse and much more elongate shape of forewings. Head, collar, thorax and forewings are fairly concolourous greyish ochreous or ochreous grey, according to the locality of specimens. The light ochreous colouration of the forewings is finely scattered by darker scales, the maculation is light ochreous, faintly defined, the crosslines are darker ochreous-brown, the antemedial line is dentate, the postmediane finely crenulate. Females are similar to the males, their measures are on average slightly larger only (36–40 mm vs. 38–42 mm).</p><p>The male genitalia (Fig. 49) are similar to those of D. forficula, the valvae are, however, slightly more elongate and tapering distally. Vesica helicoidally recurved, with small rounded subbasal diverticulum armed by a short, fine, needle-shaped cornutus.</p><p>The female genitalia (Figs 72, 73) display nearly the same traits as in D. forficula, papillae of the ovipositor are weakly sclerotised, densely covered by fine, short setae; ductus bursae membranous, antrum with small semilunar sclerotisation, appendix bursae is only slightly shorter and more saccate than corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. This subspecies has a wide range in the lower and middle altitudes of eastern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan, reaching to the southernmost part of Tajikistan, and mostly occurs in semi-desert habitats.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the necessity of the distinction from the taxon turana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF94791BFE92C6D0FB986437	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF8B791BFE85C5F3FBED6021.text	03B86709FF8B791BFE85C5F3FBED6021.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris forficula subsp. chitralensis Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris forficula chitralensis ssp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ A0225EA5-B090-4595-90AB-7DC1BD41728B (Figs 21–24, 50, 51)</p><p>Holotype: male, NW-Pakistan, 3 km NW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.36667/lat 36.083332)">Garam Chasma</a>, 2600 m, 36°05’N, 71°22’E, Nr. 24, 23.VI.1992, leg. M. Hreblay &amp; G. Csorba, slide No. VZ 9097m (coll. RG).</p><p>Paratypes. Pakistan. 6 males, 6 females with same data as holotype, MHNG ENTO 21247, 21276, 21279, 21280 (coll. RG and NHMG); 2 males, 5 km E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=72.166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.05/lat 72.166664)">Buni</a>, 2200 m, 72°10’N, 72°03’E, 22. VI .1992, leg. M. Hreblay &amp; G. Csorba, MHNG ENTO 21241 (coll. RG and MHNG) . Slide Nos VZ9960 (male) , VZ10022 (female).</p><p>Diagnosis. This subspecies D. forficula is most similar externally to the formerly described one due to the elongate shape and acute apex of forewings, however, these traits appear here in a more extreme form. Head, thorax and forewings are more unicolorous dark fuscous-grey with faint maculation and obsolescent blackish brown crosslines. Abdomen and hindwings are only slightly lighter. The expanse of both sexes are similar (38–40 mm).</p><p>The male genitalia (Figs 50, 51) are generally similar to those of the typical D. forficula, the valvae are, however, proportionally more elongate comparing to the relatively short clasper. Vesica projected ventrally and completely returned helicoidally, the subbasal diverticulum bears one or two needle-shaped cornuti.</p><p>In the female genitalia, the antrum is relatively weakly sclerotised and the appendix bursae is only slightly shorter and more saccate than the bursa.</p><p>Distribution. This subspecies, known in a few specimens only, seems to be confined to certain medium-high altitude areas in the eastern part of the Hindukush range.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the region of the type locality in Northern Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF8B791BFE85C5F3FBED6021	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF88791CFE7AC581FBDE64A6.text	03B86709FF88791CFE7AC581FBDE64A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris turana subsp. cisiliensis Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris turana cisiliensis ssp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ 9B7C903F-77F2-4D9D-A476-1426DDBE96E5 (Figs 27, 28, 55–57, 74)</p><p>Holotype: male, “ Kazakhstan, Chu Ili Mts., Kopalisai, 600 m, 4.VI.1992, leg. M. Danilevsky ”, slide GYP5785 (coll. PG).</p><p>Paratypes. Kazakhstan. 4 males, 1 female, with same data as holotype (coll. PG); 3 males, 2 females, “ Kazakhstan Chu-Ily Mts. | Almaly (sic!) 900 m 5.6.1992 | leg. Danilevsky ”. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.0/lat 43.35)">Slide Nos</a>: VZ9957, VZ962, VZ10006 (males), VZ9962 (female) (coll. VZ, RG); 4 males, 4 females, Dzhambul range, Kurdai pass, 1000m, 43°21’N, 75°00’E, 27-28.VI.1993, leg. V. A. Lukhtanov, slide Nos: GYP 5780m, GYP5779f (coll. PG), 1 male, 1 female , Kazakhstan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.616667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.616665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.616667/lat 43.616665)">Kentau</a>, Bayaldir river, 43°37’N, 31°37’E, 586 m, leg. A. Shovkoon (coll. OP). Slide Nos VZ 12001m, VZ11993 f .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new subspecies differs externally from the typical specimens of D. turana by the darker fuscous-grey colouration and the more obsolescent pattern. Head, thorax and forewings are rather uniformly dark brownish grey, without ochreous shine. The reniform and orbicular stigmata and the subterminal line are marked with lighter grey scales. The crosslines are marked at the costa with diffuse blackish spots, the cilia are chequered with light grey and blackish scales. The abdomen and the basal part of the hindwings are whitish-grey. The specimens are on average slightly larger than the typical D. turana: 37–38 mm (males), 40 mm (female).</p><p>The male genitalia (Figs 55–57) show the taxonomically most important traits. Valvae are longer than those of D. forficula and are only gradually tapering distally, i.e. they have neary parallel margins. Clasper acute, slightly falcate, corona consists of 12–14 setae. Vesica is projecting ventrally, without subbasal diverticulum and cornutus, strongly saccate, not recurved helicoidally.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 74). Antrum broad U-shaped, more strongly sclerotised than in the related species; appendix bursae is strongly saccate and much shorter than corpus bursae.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the region near to the Ili river in Kazakhstan.</p><p>Note. A further, slightly darker greyish brown and larger male specimen (41 mm) was found in the Püngeler collection (MNB) with the labels: “renigera var. turana m v. Tancré 2/1900” (hand written with black ink), “Asia centr. (Issykul) 1894” (printed). It shows the external and genital traits of this subspecies, and it can be geographically allied to this subspecies. Unfortunately, due to the deficient data we desist to consider it as a Paratype of this taxon.</p><p>Bionomics and distribution. The new subspecies occurs in semi-desertlike submontane areas near to the border of the Djambul and Almaty regions of Kazakhstan; the moths are on the wing in a relatively early saison (from early June to the end of June).</p><p>Dichagyris furiosa furiosa (Bang-Haas, 1912), stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs 29, 30, 58, 59, 75, 76)</p><p>Agrotis (Lycophotia) renigera var. furiosa Bang-Haas, 1912: 141 .</p><p>Type locality: Tadjikistan, Peter The Great Mts, Garm. Lectotype: male, here designated.</p><p>Lectotype designation. The male specimen, figured by BANG-HAAS (1922, Taf. XVII: 9) was dissected by Boursin (Slide No. Boursin MB360) and is designat- ed here as Lectotype (Fig. 29). The female with the same label data was dissected by Fibiger (slide No. MF2508) and is treated here as Paralectotype (Fig. 30).</p><p>Diagnosis. The taxon Agrotis (Lycophotia) renigera var. furiosa Bang-Haas, 1912 was also misidentified until yet, listing as a synonym of D. forficula (see, for instance, http://ftp.funet.fi/ index/Tree_of_life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/noctuidae/noctuinae/dichagyris/#8847). According to the short original description the forewings have a violet-reddish colouration with some rosy shade and with prominent pattern. The transverse lines are marked with deep black spots at the costa and the hindwings are blackish grey, with darker marginal area. The underside of wings is nearly evenly blackish grey, the hindwings are sligthly lighter. Wingspan 37–42 mm, females slightly larger.</p><p>This description can be completed with the following diagnostic traits: the shape of the forewing is more elongate and acute apically than in the related D. forficula and D. turana, the reddish colouration of the forewings is densely irrorated with blackish-brown scales and the course of the crosslines are more oblique than in D. turana .</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 58, 59). Valvae are longer and broader than in D. forficula, costa below the cucullus is slightly tapering only, clasper is more elongate and straight than in D. forficula and D. turana . Aedeagus is relatively thick and short, vesica is tubular, not recurved helicoidally, however it has a short triangular subbasal diverticulum armed with a thin and relatively long needle-shaped cornutus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 75, 76). The sclerotisation of the antrum is relatively weak and V-shaped. Appendix bursae is much shorter and more saccate than the corpus bursae but less saccate than in D. turana .</p><p>Distribution. The nominotypical subspecies of D. furiosa seems to be localised to a relatively restricted area in Tajikistan. The recently collected specimens from “ Tajikistan, Khodshent reg. Mogoltau, 16- 17.05.1996, leg. Lukhtanov” (coll. PG) can also be considered as representatives of the typical subspecies while the specimens from an other mountain system of the Tien- Shan range in Kirghisia belong to a new subspecies, described below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF88791CFE7AC581FBDE64A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF8C7912FE60C581FBF26469.text	03B86709FF8C7912FE60C581FBF26469.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris furiosa subsp. griseoerythra Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris furiosa griseoerythra ssp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ 52AC7993-F8A6-4052-949F-FC9A93EC5F63 (Figs 31, 32, 60–63, 77)</p><p>Holotype: male, “ Kirghisia, Naryn reg., Sarykamish, Susamyr Mts., Kekemen riv., 1400 m, 6- 8.07.1996, leg. L. V. &amp; A. Lukhtanov ”, slide No. GYP5580 (coll. PG).</p><p>Paratypes. Kirghisia. 21 males, 19 females, with same data as Holotype; 3 males, 2 females, Susamyr Mts, 2000 m, Komeren river, 9-13. VI.1994, leg. Toropov and Sinjaev ; slide Nos: VZ 9932m, GYP5581f, VZ9939 f (coll. PG, RG and VZ). Tadjikistan. 4 males, 1 females, 23 km S Pendzhikent distr., 1800 m, 10.VII.1994, leg. Lukhtanov ; 1 female, Pendzhikent distr., Farob, 1800 m, 5.VII.1994, 1 male, 1 female, Zeravshan river, Pendzhikent, 1200 m, 13. V.1994, leg. Lukhtanov (colls. PG and RG) ; 8 males, 9 females, Turkestan Mts, Shakristan, Khushikat, 2000 m, 5-8. VI.1994, leg. Lukhtanov , 1 male, 3 females, Turkestan, Zeravshan, VII. 1995, leg Vodjanov; 1 female, Hissar mts, Romit reserve, 1800 m, Sorbo vill.vicinity, 1-12. VI.2016, leg. D. Goshko ; 1 female, Hissar Mts., gorge Takob, 1800m, 21.VII.1961, leg. Stshetkin ; slide Nos GYP 5578m, GYP5579f, GYP 5766, GYP5786f, VZ 11505m, VZ 101436m, VZ11467 f, VZ11471 f (coll. PG and RG); 2 males, 7 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.316666/lat 39.383335)">Alai Mts</a>, NNE Djargatol, 39°23’N, 71°19’E, 2230 m, leg. Pak &amp; Ivanova , slide Nos VZ 11989m, VZ11992 f (coll. OP) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new subspecies differs from the typical D. furiosa specimens by the lighter reddish-ochreous grey colouration, often with some violaceous shade of the forewings and by the more prominent but rather diffuse maculation and crosslines. Forewings apically elongate triangular; antemedial line dark reddish brown, broad, zigzagged; postmedial line more sharply defined, crenulate; intermaculation between orbicular reniform stigmata and subterminal shadow diffuse and only slightly darker than ground colour; hindwings nearly concolorous ochreous-grey with some reddish shade. The females are slightly robuster and larger in expanse than the males (36–39 mm vs. 38–42 mm).</p><p>paratypes, Tadjikistan: 60 = Turkestanskiy Mts, slide No.: VZ 11436m; 61 = Zeravshan Mts ,</p><p>slide No.: VZ 11487m</p><p>The male genitalia (Figs 60–63) are rather similar to those of D. furiosa furiosa, however the small subbasal diverticulum with the small, needle shaped cornutus is slightly more prominent. Valvae broad with nearly straight ventral margin, clasper nearly straight, acute terminally.</p><p>The female genitalia (Fig. 77) agree with those of D. furiosa furiosa, the appendix bursae is about 1/3 shorter than corpus bursae and less saccate.</p><p>Distribution and bionomics. This subspecies is distributed eastwards of the range of the nominotypical D. furiosa and occurs on a relatively large area in the hilly regions of Kirghisia and Tadjikistan, mostly in low and medium altitudes. The moths show a relatively long flight period from mid-June to mid-July.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the characteristic colouration of the subspecies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF8C7912FE60C581FBF26469	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF827910FE7FC5FEFC0C66F4.text	03B86709FF827910FE7FC5FEFC0C66F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris furiosa subsp. kugitanga Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris furiosa kugitanga ssp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ BB79007E-28E3-4388-AC01-2F7558834211 (Figs 33–35, 64, 65)</p><p>Holotype: male, “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.53333/lat 37.833332)">Turkmenia</a>, Kugitang-Tau Mts 1500 m | 7 km SW of Airi-Baba Peak | Kara-Bilent, 66°32’E, 37°50’N | 11-15.V.1991, No. L25 | leg. light trap ” (coll. RG).</p><p>Paratypes. Turkmenistan. 3 males, 2 females, with same data as holotype; 3 males, 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.5/lat 37.833332)">Kugitang-Tau Mts</a>, 500-600 m, 6 km SW of Bazar-Tepe, 66°30’E, 37°50’N, 16-19.V.1991, No. L 22, leg. M. Hreblay &amp; G. Ronkay ; 1 male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.566666/lat 37.833332)">Kugitang-Tau Mts</a>, 2000 m, 4 km SW of Airi-Baba Peak, 66°34’E, 37°50’N (coll. PG and RG). Slide Nos: VZ 11478m, VZ 11504m .</p><p>Diagnosis. The size and the forewing pattern of the new subspecies are similar to those of the other subspecies of D. furiosa, the colouration of the head, thorax and forewing is, however, prominently light greyish-ochreous without any reddish or pinkish shade, and the forewing is densely irrorated with darker brown scales. The noctuid maculation is light, nearly whitish-ochreous, rather diffuse; the crosslines are also diffuse and faint, the costal spots usually dark brown. Cilia whitish-ochreous with small blackish-brown semi-lunules basally. Abdomen and hindwings shining whitish-ochreous; cilia whitish.</p><p>The male genitalia (Figs 64, 65) are most similar to those of D. furiosa griseoerythra, the vesica is not recurved, projecting ventrally and strongly saccate distally; the tiny cornutus is attached to a very small trigonal subbasal diverticulum.</p><p>Distribution and bionomics. All known specimens were captured in an isolated mountain massif at the easternmost edge of Turkmenistan which has the most close connections with the western forehills of the Tien Shan system.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the type locality of the subspecies in West of Turkmenistan. menistan, Kugitang-Tau Mts, slide No.: VZ 11478m</p><p>VI. REVISION OF DICHAGYRIS CONTERMINA (CORTI, 1929) and description of D. contermina melanographa ssp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF827910FE7FC5FEFC0C66F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF807910FE8DC64FFD626025.text	03B86709FF807910FE8DC64FFD626025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris contermina subsp. contermina (Corti 1929)	<div><p>Dichagyris contermina contermina (Corti, 1929)</p><p>(Figs 36–38, 66, 67, 78)</p><p>Lycophotia renigera var. contermina Corti, 1929: 169, pl. 5. Type locality: Syria, Aleppo.</p><p>The species was described based on a male and female, collected by Tischendorff at Aleppo. It was compared with D. renigera and diagnosed by the concolorous light arenaceous yellow colouration of the head, thorax, forewings and hind wings, with some rosaceous shine mostly on the females. The males are more unicolorous with obsolescent transversal lines and subterminal shadow, faint maculation, and with more expressed quadrangular spot between the reniform and orbicular maculae. Females show a much more contrasty pattern, the transversal lines consist of more or less scattered darker spots, hind wings are densely covered with darker brown scales. Males larger than females (on average 35 vs 31 mm).</p><p>This species is widely distributed also in the south-southeastern part of Turkey with considerable colour variation according to the substrate, from whitish-reddish ochreous with faded pattern to reddish-brown colouration with more contrasting brown pattern. Subsequently, it was repeatedly described by HACKER as Dichagyris wolfi (1985, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 15: 8) with type locality Mardin (Fig. 36) and mentioning as main diagnostic traits the pale reddish-brown colouration, the faded brown “noctuid” maculation and the somewhat more expressed transverse pattern .</p><p>The male genitalia (Figs 64, 65) were compared with those of D. forficula, any diagnostic characters were given, however. Therefore we summarise here the main traits. The valvae are proportionally shorter than in D. forficula, slightly tapering below the cucullus and corona, terminally obliquely obtuse. Claspers are proportionally longer, acute and curved. Vesica is projecting ventrally, completely recurved helicoidally, similarly as in D. forficula, but is relatively shorter and more saccate distally.</p><p>In the female genitalia, the papillae of the ovipositor are weakly sclerotis- ed, short and covered by fine setae. Ductus bursae is membraneous with weakly sclerotised antrum. Appendix bursae is about 1/3 shorter than ductus bursae.</p><p>The range of D. contermina is much less extended than the area of D. forficula, however they are sympatric over a large part of eastern Asia Minor (e.g. the provinces Mardin, Sivas, Elazig and Bitlis), Levant and Iran, and co-occur in several localities in considerable individual numbers without any morphological transition. However, the West Iranian populations show several constant differences, described below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF807910FE8DC64FFD626025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
03B86709FF867915FE84C7D9FD14604A.text	03B86709FF867915FE84C7D9FD14604A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichagyris contermina subsp. melanographa Tang & Zhang & Guo & Luo & Jiang & Pan 2023	<div><p>Dichagyris contermina melanographa ssp. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ B3EC2759-0B0A-4688-98BF-73F6CEAAC041 (Figs 39–40)</p><p>Holotype: male, “ 24.V.1963 | SW-Iran, Berge O v. Kasri Shirin | Kasy &amp; Vartian”</p><p>(coll. NHMW). Paratypes. Iran. 6 specimens, with same data as holotype (coll. NHMW) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Both sexes are on average smaller (30–31 mm) and more contrastingly patterned than the typical D. contermina from Turkey and Syria. Ground colour of head, thorax and forewings is deep ochreous brown, generally without reddish shine. The crosslines are deep brown, in males medially obsolescent, strongly crenulate. The reniform and orbicular stigmata are lighter ochreous, diffusely defined only. The most conspicuous trait of the new subspecies is that the basal and subterminal fields are much darker than the medial area. Hindwings are light ochreous-brown, whitish basally and with a diffused deeper brown stripe marginally.</p><p>The genitalia of both sexes do not differ from those of the typical subspecies.</p><p>1884), Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, slide No.: VZ9984 f. 72–73 = D. forficula pseudoturana ssp. n., paratypes: 72 = Afghanistan, Paghman Mts, slide No.: VZ11651 f; 73 = Pakistan, Quetta,</p><p>slide No.: VZ 11642f</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B86709FF867915FE84C7D9FD14604A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tang, Jin;Zhang, Gongaote;Guo, Junqi;Luo, Lingxuan;Jiang, Jiamei;Pan, Hongbo	Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei, Pan, Hongbo (2023): Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3): 265-301, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259653
