taxonID	type	description	language	source
A240650414FD9D483ADA46934820C84F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly rectangular, longer than wide, head longitudinally rugose laterally, weakly reticulate near posterior margin of head, frons smooth and shiny, posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded; posterodorsal corner of propodeum angulate, never with a pair of triangular teeth; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, dorsum rounded; gaster with sparse, long subdecumbent hairs and abundant, short decumbent hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide; posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a weakly developed angular tooth, dorsum of propodeum slightly convex and declining posteriorly; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, posterior margin convex, dorsum rounded; gaster covered by abundant decumbent to subdecumbent hairs, and with sparse and slightly longer subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A240650414FD9D483ADA46934820C84F.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 25): HL 0.54 - 0.71 (0.64); HW 0.41 - 0.56 (0.49); SL 0.21 - 0.27 (0.25); ML 0.11 - 0.18 (0.15); EL 0.01 - 0.03 (0.03); EM 0.15 - 0.21 (0.18); HD 0.28 - 0.40 (0.36); WL 0.46 - 0.65 (0.56); PSL 0.04 - 0.07 (0.05); PW 0.28 - 0.40 (0.33); MFL 0.25 - 0.36 (0.30); MFW 0.07 - 0.09 (0.08), MTL 0.15 - 0.29 (0.23); PTL 0.15 - 0.24 (0.23); PNL 0.08 - 0.11 (0.11); PTH 0.14 - 0.20 (0.16); PTW 0.12 - 0.17 (0.15); PPL 0.11 - 0.16 (0.13); PPNL 0.09 - 0.14 (0.12); PPH 0.11 - 0.17 (0.14); PPW 0.16 - 0.23 (0.19); GL 0.44 - 0.77 (0.59); GW 0.34 - 0.63 (0.40); CI 71 - 79 (77); MI 20 - 26 (23); SI 34 - 43 (39); MLI 57 - 65 (61); PPLI 57 - 82 (57); PPI 125 - 143 (127); PSI 10 - 14 (10). Head longer than wide (CI 71 - 79), in full-face view nearly rectangular, about 1.5 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight to weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus medially concave and laterally convex. Frons without median ocellus. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.54 - 0.71, SL 0.21 - 0.27, SI 34 - 43) not surpassing cephalic midlength. Eyes present, consisting of one to three ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area well defined and triangular. In profile, posterolateral corner of head with (larger major workers) or without (smaller major workers) a small, obtuse tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove deep. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat or weakly concave, declining posteriorly, propodeum unarmed, posterodorsal corners of propodeum convex or angulate, declivity of propodeum flat to slightly concave in direction of propodeal lobe. Propodeal lobes triangular with blunt apices. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite and beyond mid-length of sclerite, by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost twice the diameter of the spiracle, (PSL 0.04 - 0.07) and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum convex. Petiole approximately as high as long (PTH 0.14 - 0.20, PTL 0.15 - 0.24) and with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Anterodorsal and posterodorsal faces of petiolar node sloping, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node flat, posterior face of node vertical, straight to slightly convex, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process slightly shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.16 - 0.23, PTW 0.12 - 0.17), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.12 - 0.17, PNL 0.08 - 0.11), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Dorsolateral faces of head longitudinally rugose, gena with well-developed longitudinal reticulations, weakly marked rugae on frontal lobes, reticulate-rugose sculpture near posterior margin of head. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeal lobe (areolate-rugose), and metapleuron (areolate and with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins, and posterolateral corners of head with short subdecumbent hairs, and longer suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short subdecumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster with short decumbent hairs and sparse and slightly longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with short appressed hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous, antennae, legs and parts of gaster, slightly lighter.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A240650414FD9D483ADA46934820C84F.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 9): HL 0.33 - 0.37; HW 0.28 - 0.34; SL 0.20 - 0.23; ML 0.08 - 0.10; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.09 - 0.10; HD 0.19 - 0.22; WL 0.33 - 0.38; PSL 0.02 - 0.04; PW 0.16 - 0.20; MFL 0.20 - 0.22; MFW 0.05; MTL 0.15 - 0.17; PTL 0.11 - 0.12; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.09 - 0.10; PTW 0.08 - 0.09; PPL 0.07 - 0.08; PPNL 0.06 - 0.08; PPH 0.07 - 0.08; PPW 0.09 - 0.12; GL 0.26 - 0.34; GW 0.20 - 0.25; CI 82 - 92; MI 24 - 27; SI 59 - 64; MLI 65 - 76; PPLI 58 - 67; PPI 113 - 138; PSI 7 - 14. Head longer than wide (CI 82 - 92), in full-face view weakly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide, and slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head slightly concave in the middle, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex, nearly straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus more or less straight, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.33 - 0.37, SL 0.20 - 0.23, SI 59 - 64). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular, in some specimens poorly defined, and appears as a short longitudinal depression. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove slightly impressed. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face convex and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a small angulate tooth, declivity of propodeum slightly concave. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of the sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.04), and distance to declivity less than the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.11 - 0.12, PTH 0.09 - 0.10) with a short peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, posterior margin slightly convex, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process small, almost the same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node slightly wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.09 - 0.12, PTW 0.08 - 0.0.9), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.09 - 0.12, PNL 0.06 - 0.07), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin slightly concave, anterior and posterior margin of postpetiole nearly straight, sides moderately convex in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny, with abundant piligerous punctae on mandibles and head. Head with fine and short longitudinal rugae on malar space and frontal lobes. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum, below mid-height of metapleuron, and propodeal lobe, which are areolate-rugose. Sides of petiole, and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins, scapes and posterior margin of head with subdecumbent hairs. Hairs in the posterior margin shorter than others. Outer margin of mandible with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with suberect hairs. Petiole, postpetiole, tibia and gaster with short decumbent to subdecumbent hairs, and with sparse and slightly longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with abundant to sparse decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A240650414FD9D483ADA46934820C84F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara bara is an endemic and widespread species, found across Madagascar (Figure 68), mainly in the tropical dry forest in western Madagascar and the desert spiny bush thicket in the southwest. In the center of Madagascar (montane forest) there is only one record. C. bara occurs in the dry forest, gallery forest, littoral rainforest, montane rainforest, spiny forest / dry forest transition, spiny forest / thicket, spiny thicket, spiny thicket gallery forest transition, and tropical dry forest, and has been collected at elevations ranging from 10 - 1410 m. Individuals and nest series were collected from rotten logs, in the leaf litter, in leaf mold, and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A240650414FD9D483ADA46934820C84F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo: Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Foret d' Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72 ° NE d' Ankazobe, - 18.22528, 47.28683, 1410 m, montane rainforest, 17 - 22. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana: Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235 ° SW Sakaramy, - 12.46889, 49.24217, 325 m, tropical dry forest, 26 - 31. i. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 13.6 km 192 ° SSW Anivorano Nord, - 12.86361, 49.22583, 210 m, tropical dry forest, 16 - 21. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa: Parc National d'Isalo, Sahanafa River, 29.2 km 351 ° N Ranohira, - 22.31333, 45.29167, 500 m, gallery forest, 10 - 13. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Foret d'Analalava, 29.6 km 280 ° W Ranohira, - 22.59167, 45.12833, 700 m, tropical dry forest, 1 - 5. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National d'Isalo, 9.1 km 354 ° N Ranohira, - 22.48167, 45.46167, 725 m, gallery forest, 27 - 31. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga: Reserve Speciale de Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223 ° SW Besalampy, - 16.925, 44.36833, 30 m, tropical dry forest, 19 - 23. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National de Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337 ° NNW Soalala, - 16.01, 45.265, 10 m, tropical dry forest, 26 - 30. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Foret Ambohimanga, 26.1 km 314 ° Mampikony, - 15.96267, 47.43817, 250 m, tropical dry forest, 13. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Mahajanga, Foret de Tsimembo, 8.7 km 336 ° NNW Soatana, - 19.02139, 44.44067, 20 m, tropical dry forest, 21 - 25. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve forestiere Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano, - 18.02649, 44.05051, 250 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 19 - 22. x. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Foret de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46 ° NE de Tsaramandroso, - 16.22806, 47.14361, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 2 - 8. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93 ° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, - 19.14194, 44.828, 50 m, tropical dry forest, 6 - 10. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62 ° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, - 19.13222, 44.81467, 100 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 11 - 15. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 5.4 km 331 ° NW Andranofasika, - 16.29889, 46.813, 70 m, tropical dry forest, 26. iii. - 1. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 40 km 306 ° NW Andranofasika, - 16.32083, 46.81067, 130 m, tropical dry forest, 26. iii. - 1. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve d'Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13 ° NE de Tsaramandroso, - 16.26722, 47.04861, 210 m, tropical dry forest, 9 - 14. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123 ° Antsalova, - 18.70944, 44.71817, 150 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 16 - 20. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329 ° WNW Vilanandro, - 16.37667, 45.32667, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 8 - 12. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara: Foret de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131 ° SE Ankidranoka, - 22.23306, 43.36633, 80 m, tropical dry forest, 12 - 16. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National de Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127 ° SE Belo sur Mer, - 20.79528, 44.147 80 m, tropical dry forest, 6 - 10. xii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Prive Berenty, Foret de Malaza, Mandrare River, 8.6 km 314 ° NW Amboasary, - 25.00778, 46.306, 40 m, gallery forest, 6. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National d'Andohahela, Foret d'Ambohibory, 1.7 km 61 ° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308 ° NW Tolagnaro, - 24.93, 46.6455, 300 m, tropical dry forest, 16 - 20. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret de Mite, 20.7 km 29 ° WNW Tongobory, - 23.52417, 44.12133, 75 m, gallery forest, 27. ii. - 3. iii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Prive Berenty, Foret de Bealoka, Mandrare River, 14.6 km 329 ° NNW Amboasary, - 24.95694, 46.2715, 35 m, gallery forest, 3 - 8. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 12.3 km 262 ° W Marovato, - 25.58167, 45.16833, 200 m, spiny forest / thicket, 11 - 15. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National d'Andohahela, Foret de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63 ° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99 ° E Hazofotsy, - 24.81694, 46.61, 150 m, spiny forest / thicket, 12 - 16. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National de Zombitse, 19.8 km 84 ° E Sakaraha, - 22.84333, 44.71, 770 m, tropical dry forest, 5 - 9. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Antafoky, - 23.47917, 44.06611, 60 m, gallery forest, 26. i. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Fiherenana, - 23.17694, 43.96083, 100 m, gallery forest, 21 - 24. x. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Ranobe, - 23.0342, 43.61185, 30 m, spiny forest / thicket, 5 - 9. ii. 2003, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Manderano, - 23.52333, 44.09444, 80 m, spiny thicket, 8. vi. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Sept Lacs, - 23.52472, 44.15917, 160 m, spiny thicket gallery forest transition, 10. iii. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Ranobe, - 23.04067, 43.60973, 20 m, gallery forest, degraded, 17 - 21. v. 2003, (Frontier Wilderness Project); Toliara, Sept, Lacs, - 23.52833, 44.15556, 80 m, gallery forest, 8. iii. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Manderano, - 23.52722, 44.0875, 70 m, gallery forest, 10. v. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Manombo, - 22.8123, 43.73932, 165 m, gallery forest, TS 3, 22 - 24. v. 2004, (Frontier Wilderness Project); Toliara, Foret de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64 ° ENE Marofandilia, - 20.045, 44.66222, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 28. xi. - 3. xii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, - 23.65, 44.63333, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 24. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, - 23.65, 44.63333, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 23. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, - 22.46667, 44.85, 730 m, tropical dry forest, 21. i. 1996, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Foret Vohidava 88.9 km N Amboasary, - 24.24067, 46.28783, 500 m, spiny forest / dry forest transition, 6 - 8. xii. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Foret de Petriky, 12.5 km W 272 ° Tolagnaro, - 25.06167, 46.87, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 22. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.21836, 45.3106, 510 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 24 - 27. xi. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.20978, 45.34184, 525 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 27. xi- 2. xii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Mandena, 8.4 km NNE 30 ° Tolagnaro, - 24.95167, 47.00167, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 20. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Foret de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, 5.5 km 37 ° NE Ifotaka, - 24.75361, 46.1515, 115 m, spiny forest / thicket, 31. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National d'Andohahela, Foret d'Ambohibory, 1.7 km 61 ° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308 ° NW Tolagnaro, - 24.93, 46.6455, 300 m, tropical dry forest, 16 - 21. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Fiherenana, - 23.17698, 43.96142, gallery forest, 18 - 19. viii. 2003, (Frontier Wilderness Project); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.30997, 45.12946, 590 m, dry forest on sandy soil, 3 - 6. xii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
1F254DB52A66018F6BC17FB9CABF3BCE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, posterior margin medially concave, and posterolateral corners rounded; promesonotum flat in profile view, quite similar to C. bara, but the propodeum of C. berivelo has a pair of acute teeth, dorsum of propodeum is flat; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly medially concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, dorsum slightly convex. Minor: Head slightly longer than wide, posterior margin nearly straight; promesonotum weakly convex, similar to C. bara but easily differentiated by the presence of a pair of small acute teeth on the propodeum, anterodorsal corner moderately convex, dorsum flat and declining posteriorly; gaster with decumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
1F254DB52A66018F6BC17FB9CABF3BCE.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 11): HL 0.56 - 0.71 (0.71); HW 0.42 - 0.54 (0.53); SL 0.24 - 0.27 (0.27); ML 0.10 - 0.15 (0.15); EL 0.02 - 0.04 (0.04); EM 0.15 - 0.20 (0.20); HD 0.31 - 0.39 (0.39); WL 0.47 - 0.60 (0.60); PSL 0.06 - 0.09 (0.08); PW 0.28 - 0.37 (0.37); MFL 0.31 - 0.37 (0.35); MFW 0.07 - 0.10 (0.09); MTL 0.22 - 0.28 (0.28); PTL 0.16 - 0.25 (0.25); PNL 0.07 - 0.11 (0.11); PTH 0.13 - 0.17 (0.17); PTW 0.12 - 0.17 (0.17); PPL 0.11 - 0.14 (0.14); PPNL 0.10 - 0.13 (0.12); PPH 0.11 - 0.16 (0.16); PPW 0.15 - 0.20 (0.20); GL 0.46 - 0.86 (0.57); GW 0.40 - 0.55 (0.54), CI 73 - 77 (75); MI 16 - 21 (21); SI 37 - 43 (38); MLI 65 - 76 (66); PPLI 56 - 72 (56); PPI 118 - 143 (118); PSI 13 - 18 (15). Head longer than wide (CI 73 - 77), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins nearly straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave medially and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.56 - 0.71, SL 0.24 - 0.27, SI 37 - 43) not surpassing cephalic midlength. Eyes present, consisting of three ommatidia (EL 0.02 - 0.04). Supraclypeal area as a triangular depression but poorly defined. In profile, posterolateral corner of head with (larger major workers) or without (smaller major workers) a small, obtuse tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove present. Propodeum about 1.4 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of short, triangular teeth, declivity of propodeum flat to slightly concave with thin lateral laminae connecting propodeal lobe. Propodeal lobes triangular with blunt apices. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite, by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum more than twice but less than three times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06 - 0.09), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum nearly straight. Petiole longer than high (PTH 0.13 - 0.17, PTL 0.16 - 0.25) with a relatively short peduncle, ventral face nearly flat but slightly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior margin nearly vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process small, acutely produced, and at about the same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node slightly wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.16 - 0.23, PTW 0.12 - 0.17), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.12 - 0.17, PNL 0.07 - 0.11), anterior and posterior margins of petiole nearly straight, anterior margin of postpetiole concave and posterior margin straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Dorsolateral faces of head with fine longitudinal rugae, reticulate-rugose sculpture near posterior margin of head, gena with longitudinal carinae, weakly marked rugae on frontal lobes. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Sides of pronotum with fine longitudinal and parallel striations, smooth and shiny medially and dorsally, anepisternum smooth and shiny, katepisternum, metapleuron, propodeum, propodeal lobes, petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, promesonotum smooth and shiny except for anterior margin which is weakly areolate, propodeum, declivity and petiole areolate-rugose, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with suberect hairs, and sparse short decumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with sparse decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with suberect hairs. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster with short decumbent hairs and sparse long suberect hairs. Tibia with sparse appressed hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous, antennae, legs and parts of gaster, slightly lighter.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
1F254DB52A66018F6BC17FB9CABF3BCE.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 5): HL 0.35 - 0.36; HW 0.30 - 0.33; SL 0.20 - 0.23; ML 0.08 - 0.10; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.10 - 0.11; HD 0.20 - 0.23; WL 0.33 - 0.38; PSL 0.04 - 0.05; PW 0.19 - 0.21; MFL 0.20 - 0.24, MFW 0.05 - 0.06; MTL 0.16 - 0.18; PTL 0.11 - 0.13; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.09 - 0.10; PTW 0.08; PPL 0.07 - 0.08; PPNL 0.06 - 0.07; PPH 0.07 - 0.08; PPW 0.09 - 0.11; GL 0.27 - 0.36; GW 0.21 - 0.27; CI 84 - 92; MI 23 - 28; SI 57 - 64; MLI 67 - 73; PPLI 58 - 64; PPI 113 - 138; PSI 12 - 15. Head longer than wide (CI 84 - 92), in full-face view weakly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide, and slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head slightly concave in the middle, posterolateral corners convex, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus more or less straight, sides with small, angulate, forwardly directed teeth. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.35 - 0.36, SL 0.20 - 0.23, SI 57 - 64). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined and appears as a small oblong depression. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.45 times higher than long, dorsal face nearly flat and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity of propodeum concave and with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum barely larger than the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.05), and distance to declivity less than half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum longer than wide, anterior margin weakly convex, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; propodeum about as long as wide, sides convex. Petiole approximately as high as long (PTH 0.09 - 0.10, PTL 0.11 - 0.13) with a short peduncle, ventral face convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, sometimes weakly concave, posterior margin slightly convex, dorsum weakly convex. Subpetiolar process reduced to a small convexity. Postpetiolar node strongly convex and slightly lower than petiolar node, postpetiolar ventral process present, small and convex. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.09 - 0.11, PTW 0.08), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.08, PNL 0.06 - 0.07), anterior and posterior margins of petiole nearly straight, anterior margin of postpetiole concave and posterior margin nearly straight, sides of petiole slightly convex and sides of postpetiole strongly convex. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Dorsolateral faces of head, gena and frontal lobes with fine longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and posterior border of anepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (finely areolate), and dorsum of propodeum (finely areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum postpetiole and gaster smoth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandible with decumbent and appressed hairs. Mesosoma with suberect hairs. Petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with subdecumbent to decumbent hairs, and some longer and subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
1F254DB52A66018F6BC17FB9CABF3BCE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara berivelo is known only from the north of Madagascar and was found in littoral rainforest and tropical dry forest (Figure 68). The specimens were found at three elevations: 90 m, 180 m, and 325 m. C. berivelo was collected using maxi-Winkler and pitfall traps. Individuals and colonies were found in sifted litter, leaf mold, and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
1F254DB52A66018F6BC17FB9CABF3BCE.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Foret d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128 ° SE Remena, - 12.25889, 49.37467, 90 m, littoral rainforest, 22 - 28. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Montagne des Francais, 7.2 km 142 ° SE Antsiranana (= Diego Suarez), - 12.32278, 49.33817, 180 m, tropical dry forest, 22 - 28. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
D3E61EDF1DC49A305EEEDBD862B4776F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, dorsal face of head longitudinally rugose-rugulose, rugae extend from frontal lobes and posterior margin of supraclypeal area to the posterior margin of the head; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node flat, posterior face node vertical and nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly; gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide, weakly subrectangular, posterior margin of head medially concave; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straight, posterior face vertical and slightly convex; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly; gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
D3E61EDF1DC49A305EEEDBD862B4776F.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 7): HL 0.51 - 0.63 (0.58); HW 0.40 - 0.50 (0.45); SL 0.20 - 0.27 (0.24); ML 0.09 - 0.13 (0.10); EL 0.02; EM 0.14 - 0.18 (0.17); HD 0.28 - 0.38 (0.28); WL 0.44 - 0.57 (0.52); PSL 0.05 - 0.08 (0.07); PW 0.27 - 0.33 (0.33); MFL 0.24 - 0.32 (0.32); MFW 0.07 - 0.09 (0.08); MTL 0.17 - 0.25 (0.21); PTL 0.19 - 0.22 (0.21); PNL 0.08 - 0.09 (0.09); PTH 0.15 - 0.19 (0.17); PTW 0.13 - 0.15 (0.15); PPL 0.11 - 0.16 (0.13); PPNL 0.10 - 0.13 (0.11); PPH 0.12 - 0.15 (0.13); PPW 0.17 - 0.20 (0.19); GL 0.43 - 0.58 (0.46); GW 0.35 - 0.42 (0.39); CI 75 - 79 (78); MI 15 - 22 (17); SI 37 - 44 (41); MLI 60 - 71 (71), PPLI 55 - 76 (62); PPI 121 - 133 (127); PSI 11 - 19 (16). Head longer than wide (CI 75 - 79), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.4 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight. Mandible with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, nearly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.51 - 0.63, SL 0.20 - 0.27, SI 37 - 44). Eyes present, consisting of two ommatidia (EL 0.02). Ocelli absent (weakly present in some major workers). Supraclypeal area well defined and triangular. In profile view, promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.6 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat, declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small triangular tooth, anterodorsal corners angulate, declivity of propodeum concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite, by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost three times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.08), and distance to declivity almost the same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTH 0.15 - 0.19, PTL 0.19 - 0.22) with short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node flat, posterior face of node vertical and slightly concave, dorsum weakly rounded, anterodorsal corner convex, and posterodorsal corner weakly rounded. Petiolar node slightly narrowed at its dorsum. Subpetiolar process small, weakly triangular, and shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle, at about half the diameter of the spirale. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.17 - 0.20, PTW 0.13 - 0.15), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.13 - 0.15, PNL 0.08 - 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and strongly convex in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, lower median portion of clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal, well-defined rugae, which extend from propodeal lobes and posterior margin of supraclypeal area to posterior margin of head, with a few, weak rugulae on upper median portion of clypeus. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum usually smooth and shiny, sometimes with short longitudinal rugulations. Sides of pronotum smooth and shiny, while mesopleuron, metapleuron, petiole and ventral face of postpetiole are areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum smooth and shiny medially, as well as postpetiole and gaster, finely areolate on propodeum, petiole and near anterior and posterior margins of promesonotum. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short suberect hairs, scapes with appressed hairs, and outer margin of mandible with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with subdecumbent hairs, and longer suberect hairs, gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with abundant subdecumbent and decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
D3E61EDF1DC49A305EEEDBD862B4776F.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 7): HL 0.36 - 0.39; HW 0.29 - 0.33; SL 0.22 - 0.23; ML 0.09 - 0.11; EL 0.01; EM 0.11 - 0.12; HD 0.22 - 0.25; WL 0.38 - 0.42; PSL 0.03 - 0.04; PW 0.18 - 0.21; MFL 0.22 - 0.25; MFW 0.05 - 0.07; MTL 0.14 - 0.19; PTL 0.13 - 0.14; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.11 - 0.12; PTW 0.08 - 0.10; PPL 0.08 - 0.09; PPNL 0.07 - 0.09; PPH 0.08 - 0.09; PPW 0.12 - 0.13; GL 0.29 - 0.36; GW 0.24 - 0.28; CI 81 - 85; MI 24 - 28; SI 58 - 64, MLI 71 - 79; PPLI 57 - 64; PPI 130 - 150; PSI 9 - 14. Head longer than wide (CI 81 - 85), in full-face view weakly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head slightly concave medially, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex, nearly straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight to slightly concave medially, laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.36 - 0.39, SL 0.22 - 0.23, SI 58 - 64). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01). Supraclypeal area almost triangular but poorly defined, and appears as an oblong depression. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small triangular, (sometines angulate), tooth, anterodorsal corner nearly convex and higher than posterodorsal corner of promesonotum, declivity medially concave and with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.04), and distance to declivity less than half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.27 times longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex; sides of propodeum same as promesonotum. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.13 - 0.14, PTH 0.11 - 0.12) with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straight to slightly concave medially, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corners of petiolar node sloping, dorsum narrowed and rounded. Subpetiolar process weakly triangular, and shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. Postpetiolar ventral process produced as a small triangular denticle. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as wide as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.10, PPW 0.12 - 0.13), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.07, PTW 0.08 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margin of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and convex in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and head smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with fine linear rugulae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and metapleuron which are areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, mesosoma, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, declivity and petiole finely areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with abundant short subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandible with appressed hairs. Mesosoma with suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with abundant decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
D3E61EDF1DC49A305EEEDBD862B4776F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara betsi is known only from the center of Madagascar (Figure 68), in montane rainforest with an elevation of 1410 m, and was collected in sifted litter using Winkler traps on a 50 sample transect. The microhabitats of this species are leaf mold and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
D3E61EDF1DC49A305EEEDBD862B4776F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo: 3 km 41 ° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147 ° SSE Anjozorobe, - 18.47333, 47.96, 1300 m, montane rainforest, 5 - 13. xii. 2000, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
FD161B4B842D5F34FFB0F48E1A72C2B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae nine-segmented. Major: Head longer than wide, nearly subrectangular in full-face view, lateral margins straight and parallel; head longitudinally reticulate-rugose; mesosoma areolate-rugose; gaster smooth and shiny. Minor: Head sculpture areolate-rugose and mesosoma areolate-rugose.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
FD161B4B842D5F34FFB0F48E1A72C2B7.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 8): HL 0.45 - 0.53 (0.46); HW 0.36 - 0.39 (0.37); SL 0.21 - 0.22 (0.21); ML 0.10 - 0.11 (0.11); EL 0.02; EM 0.10 - 0.11 (0.10); HD 0.19 - 0.24 (0.24); WL 0.34 - 0.39 (0.35); PSL 0.06 - 0.07 (0.07); PW 0.21 - 0.23 (0.22); MFL 0.22 - 0.23 (0.22); MFW 0.06 - 0.07 (0.06); MTL 0.19 - 0.20 (0.20); PTL 0.15; PNL 0.07 - 0.08 (0.07); PTH 0.10 - 0.11 (0.10); PTW 0.09 - 0.11 (0.10); PPL 0.08 - 0.09 (0.08); PPNL 0.07 - 0.08 (0.07); PPH 0.09; PPW 0.09 - 0.11 (0.10); GL 0.36 - 0.46 (0.40), GW 0.29 - 0.35 (0.29); CI 73 - 82 (80); MI 19 - 24 (24); SI 40 - 47 (46); MLI 56 - 62 (59); PPLI 53 - 60 (53); PPI 100; PSI 15 - 19 (19). Head longer than wide (CI 73 - 82), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins nearly straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus with a concavity flanked by a pair of triangular teeth. Antennae with nine segments. Scapes short (HL 0.45 - 0.53, SL 0.21 - 0.22, SI 40 - 47). Ocelli absent. Eye present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area extends posteriorly toward antennal insertions. In profile view, promesonotum convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly concave closer to posterodorsal corner, and convex closer anterodorsal corner, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth upwardly directed, declivity of propodeum concave with lamellate lateral margination on each side. Propodeal lobes short and triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite, by about half the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost four times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06 - 0.07), and distance to declivity about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum weakly concave in the middle. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.15, PTH 0.10 - 0.11) with relatively long peduncle, ventral face nearly flat but weakly convex medially. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node deeply concave medially, posterior face of node convex, anterodorsal corner rounded and posterodorsal corner convex, dorsum flat and declining posteriorly. Subpetiolar process produced as a small triangular denticle, slightly larger than propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node slightly convex, nearly flat, and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node almost as wide as petiolar node (PTW 0.09 - 0.11, PPW 0.09 - 0.11), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.09 - 0.11, PNL 0.07 - 0.08), anterior and posterior margins of petiole straight, anterior margin of postpetiole straight, posterior margin rounded, sides of petiole rounded, sides of postpetiole convex. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Clypeus with a few poorly defined transverse rugae. Head reticulate-rugose in full-face view, with irregular longitudinal rugulae which do not reach posterior margin of head. Cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae with two longitudinal rugulae, extending from posterior clypeal margin to posterior quarter of head. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum areolate-rugose, except for smooth and shiny ventral area. Mesosoma areolate-rugose, except for middle sides of pronotum which are smooth and shiny. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma areolate, petiole and postpetiole smooth and shiny, with scattered foveolae. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short, sparse decumbent and appressed hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with few decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short decumbent hairs, and sparse long and erect hairs. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs, and sparse long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
FD161B4B842D5F34FFB0F48E1A72C2B7.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 7): HL 0.31 - 0.33; HW 0.26 - 0.28; SL 0.18 - 0.20; ML 0.08 - 0.09; EL 0.01; EM 0.06 - 0.07; HD 0.14 - 0.21; WL 0.31 - 0.33; PSL 0.05 - 0.06; PW 0.17 - 0.19; MFL 0.17 - 0.21; MFW 0.04 - 0.05; MTL 0.13 - 0.15; PTL 0.10 - 0.11; PNL 0.06; PTH 0.07 - 0.09; PTW 0.07 - 0.08; PPL 0.06 - 0.07; PPNL 0.06; PPH 0.06 - 0.07; PPW 0.07; GL 0.22 - 0.33; GW 0.22 - 0.25; CI 79 - 88; MI 24 - 28; SI 58 - 63; MLI 61 - 81; PPLI 55 - 64; PPI 88 - 100; PSI 17 - 23. Head a little longer than wide (CI 79 - 88), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandible with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus with a concavity flanked by a pair of triangular teeth. Antennae with nine segments. Scapes barely exceeding midpoint of head (HL 0.31 - 0.33, SL 0.18 - 0.20, SI 58 - 63). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01). Supraclypeal area triangular and extends posteriorly toward antennal insertions. In profile, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.25 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum convex towards anterodorsal corner and medially concave, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity of propodeum concave with lamellate lateral margination on each side. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about four times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.06), and distance to declivity about half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.08 times longer than wide, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded, sides of propodeum weakly concave near posterodorsal corner. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.10 - 0.11, PTH 0.07 - 0.09) with a relatively long peduncle, ventral face nearly flat to weakly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node deeply concave, posterior face of node slightly convex, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corner convex, dorsum flat and declining posteriorly. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, usually the same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly flat and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node almost as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.07 - 0.08, PPW 0.07), petiolar node slightly wider than long (PTW 0.0.7 - 0.0.8, PNL 0.06), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin straight, anterior margin of postpetiole nearly straight and posterior margin slightly convex, sides of petiole and postpetiole convex to rounded. Dorsal surface of mandibles smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles, clypeus finely sculptured. Head longitudinally areolate-rugose, malar space with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma, petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma areolate-rugose, petiole and postpetiole weakly areolate, and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short decumbent to appressed hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandible with a few decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with long suberect hairs, and short subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs and gaster with abundant short subdecumbent hairs and sparse longer subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
FD161B4B842D5F34FFB0F48E1A72C2B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara creolei is only known from Mauritius and Seychelles (Figure 68). It occurs in the coastal scrub, mangrove, mixed forest, and rainforest. The species was collected at different elevations, ranging from 1 m to 200 m, using Winkler traps. The individuals and colonies were found in sifted litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, under coconut husks on the ground, and under rootmats / litter on rocks. The distribution of this species on two distant islands is interesting given the presence of invasive species on these islands. It is possible that C. creolei has been introduced to these islands, but a review of described species from outside the region, notability SE Asia, did not turn up any possible candidates. Until futher evidence is obtained, it is best to consider this species as a new species and native to the region.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
FD161B4B842D5F34FFB0F48E1A72C2B7.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MAURITIUS: Ile aux Aigrettes, - 20.41883, 57.7305, 1 m, coastal scrub, 28. v. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); SEYCHELLES: St. Joseph Island, - 5.437422, 53.363127, 22. vi. 2003, (J. Gerlach); Conception Island, - 4.66311, 55.36821, 65 m, mixed forest, 12 - 13. ii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.)	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F894FB0582DF13D4126347C21AE9ECCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head longer than wide, nearly subrectangular in full-face view, lateral margins straight and parallel, head with longitudinal and irregular rugae, reticulate-rugose close to posterior margin of head; petiole triangular in profile view, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node almost straight, ventral face medially convex, subpetiolar process present. Minor: Head longer than wide, slightly narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins weakly convex; dorsum of promesonotum and anterodorsal corner of propodeum at the same height, posterodorsal corner of propodeum each armed with a small triangular, angulate tooth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node weakly concave in the middle, posterior face slightly convex; gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F894FB0582DF13D4126347C21AE9ECCA.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 12): HL 0.53 - 0.64 (0.62); HW 0.43 - 0.50 (0.47); SL 0.24 - 0.25 (0.25); ML 0.10 - 0.14 (0.13); EL 0.02 - 0.03 (0.02); EM 0.14 - 0.17 (0.17); HD 0.28 - 0.37 (0.35); WL 0.48 - 0.58 (0.53); PSL 0.04 - 0.06 (0.06); PW 0.28 - 0.35 (0.33); MFL 0.26 - 0.31 (0.29); MFW 0.07 - 0.08 (0.08); MTL 0.20 - 0.23 (0.23); PTL 0.17 - 0.20 (0.20); PNL 0.08 - 0.10 (0.09); PTH 0.14 - 0.17 (0.15); PTW 0.12 - 0.14 (0.14); PPL 0.08 - 0.14 (0.12); PPNL 0.10 - 0.13 (0.11); PPH 0.10 - 0.14 (0.12); PPW 0.16 - 0.18 (0.18); GL 0.47 - 0.60 (0.49); GW 0.34 - 0.45 (0.42); CI 74 - 81 (76); MI 17 - 22 (21); SI 39 - 45 (40), MLI 60 - 70 (62); PPLI 44 - 74 (60); PPI 129 - 150 (129); PSI 9 - 14 (13). Head longer than wide (CI 74 - 81), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head slightly concave in the middle, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.53 - 0.64, SL 0.24 - 0.25, SI 39 - 45). Eyes present, consisting of two or three ommatidia (EL 0.02 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area triangular and appears as a short longitudinal depression, surpassing frontal carinae. In profile, posterolateral corner of head with (medium and larger major workers) or without (smaller major workers) a small, obtuse tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and strongly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.6 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex, nearly flat, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a small triangular tooth, declivity of propodeum concave, nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.06), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.17 - 0.20, PTH 0.14 - 0.17) with short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, posterior face of node vertical and slightly concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, slightly larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as wide as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.14, PPW 0.16 - 0.18), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.12 - 0.14, PNL 0.08 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area, and median area of head smooth and shiny; scattered piligerous punctae on mandibles and head. Head with longitudinal and irregular rugae and reticulate-rugose near the posterior margin. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (longitudinally and parallel areolate rugose), and propodeal lobes (areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, declivity of propodeum, anterior and posterior face of petiole finely areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short suberect hairs, short appressed hairs below eye level. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with decumbent to appressed hairs. Mesosoma with long and short suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant decumbent hairs, and longer suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F894FB0582DF13D4126347C21AE9ECCA.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 6): HL 0.34 - 0.37; HW 0.29 - 0.32; SL 0.20 - 0.23; ML 0.09 - 0.11; EL 0.01; EM 0.10 - 0.11; HD 0.21 - 0.23; WL 0.35 - 0.39; PSL 0.02 - 0.04; PW 0.18 - 0.21; MFL 0.21 - 0.24, MFW 0.05 - 0.06, MTL 0.14 - 0.17, PTL 0.12 - 0.14; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.10 - 0.11; PTW 0.08 - 0.09; PPL 0.08 - 0.09; PPNL 0.07 - 0.08; PPH 0.07 - 0.08; PPW 0.11 - 0.12; GL 0.30 - 0.40, GW 0.24 - 0.28, CI 85 - 89; MI 24 - 31; SI 59 - 64, MLI 72 - 77, PPLI 57 - 67, PPI 133 - 138, PSI 6 - 13. Head longer than wide (CI 85 - 89), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide, and slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight to slightly concave in the middle, posterolateral corners strongly convex, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight medially and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.34 - 0.37, SL 0.20 - 0.23, SI 59 - 64). Eye present, consisting of two ommatidia (EL 0.01). Supraclypeal area almost triangular and not well defined. In profile view, promesonotum convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat, declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small angulate tooth, declivity of propodeum slightly concave with thin lateral laminae which extend from posterodorsal corner of propodeum to propodeal lobe. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.04), and distance to declivity about 1.4 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum slightly longer than wide (about 1.13 times longer than wide), anterior margin and sides weakly rounded; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.12 - 0.14, PTH 0.10 - 0.11) with short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node weakly concave in the middle, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, slightly larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.11 - 0.12, PTW 0.08 - 0.09), petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.07, PTW 0.08 - 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole slightly convex, anterior and posterior margin of postpetiole straight, sides of petiole and postpetiole rounded. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles and clypeus smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles, except in central longitudinal area, malar area with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (finely areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins of head with decumbent hairs, posterior margin with short subdecumbent hairs, scapes with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short suberect hairs, and long subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with abundant decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant, short subdecumbent hairs, and sparse suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F894FB0582DF13D4126347C21AE9ECCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara demeter is known only from northwestern Madagascar (Figure 68), in montane rainforest with an elevation of 1175 m. It was collected using Winkler traps, and individuals were found in leaf litter, leaf mold and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E8B090C94DBDD62BAFF789ABEC3F8843.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head longer than wide, lateral margins straight, head with longitudinal and parallel rugae, reticulate rugose close to posterolateral corners of head; promesonotum strongly convex, dorsum of propodeum slightly convex, nearly flat, posterodorsal corners with small angulate tooth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave, posterior margin vertical and nearly straight; gaster with subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide, lateral margins slightly convex; propodeum with small, triangular, angulate teeth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, posterior margin vertical and concave.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E8B090C94DBDD62BAFF789ABEC3F8843.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 7): HL 0.61 - 0.71 (0.62); HW 0.47 - 0.56 (0.50); SL 0.22 - 0.28 (0.25); ML 0.12 - 0.15 (0.12); EL 0.02 - 0.03 (0.02); EM 0.15 - 0.19 (0.18); HD 0.35 - 0.41 (0.36); WL 0.53 - 0.62 (0.53); PSL 0.05 - 0.07 (0.05); PW 0.33 - 0.40 (0.35); MFL 0.30 - 0.36 (0.32); MFW 0.08 - 0.09 (0.08), MTL 0.20 - 0.27 (0.23); PTL 0.19 - 0.23 (0.19); PNL 0.09 - 0.10 (0.09); PTH 0.15 - 0.18 (0.15); PTW 0.13 - 0.16 (0.14); PPL 0.13 - 0.16 (0.13); PPNL 0.11 - 0.14 (0.12); PPH 0.13 - 0.16 (0.14); PPW 0.17 - 0.22 (0.19); GL 0.47 - 0.60 (0.50); GW 0.39 - 0.55 (0.39); CI 77 - 83 (81); MI 19 - 21 (19); SI 35 - 41 (40), MLI 58 - 64 (64); PPLI 62 - 74 (68); PPI 129 - 143 (136); PSI 9 - 13 (10). Head longer than wide (CI 77 - 83), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.61 - 0.71, SL 0.22 - 0.28, SI 35 - 41). Eyes present, consisting of two ommatidia (EL 0.02 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile, posterolateral corner of head with a small, triangular tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and strongly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum. Propodeum about 1.8 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex, nearly flat, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners each armed with a very small angulate tooth, declivity of propodeum vertical and concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about two times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.07), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide (1.1 times longer than wide), anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole approximately as high as long (PTH 0.15 - 0.18, PTL 0.19 - 0.23) and with a relatively short peduncle, ventral face slightly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node strongly convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.13 - 0.16, PPW 0.17 - 0.22) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.10, PTW 0.13 - 0.16), anterior and posterior margins of petiole straight, anterior margin of postpetiole concave, posterior margin nearly straight, sides of petiole rounded and strongly convex in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on mandibles and head. Head with well defined longitudinal rugae, and reticulate rugose near the posterior margin, gena with longitudinal rugae extending to the posterolateral corners. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny but with finely longitudinal reticulations. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (finely areolate and with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster, smooth and shiny except for declivity, anterior face of petiole and postpetiole which are finely areolate. Lateral margins of head with short subdecumbent hairs, posterolateral corners with scattered suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs, petiole and postpetiole with decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E8B090C94DBDD62BAFF789ABEC3F8843.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 8): HL 0.38 - 0.41; HW 0.33 - 0.36; SL 0.23 - 0.25; ML 0.09 - 0.11; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.10 - 0.11; HD 0.20 - 0.25; WL 0.39 - 0.42; PSL 0.03 - 0.04; PW 0.18 - 0.24; MFL 0.23 - 0.29; MFW 0.06 - 0.07; MTL 0.15 - 0.21; PTL 0.12 - 0.16; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.11 - 0.13; PTW 0.09 - 0.10; PPL 0.08 - 0.10; PPNL 0.08 - 0.09; PPH 0.08 - 0.10; PPW 0.12 - 0.14; GL 0.32 - 0.42; GW 0.26 - 0.30; CI 80 - 92; MI 22 - 27; SI 58 - 63; MLI 69 - 83; PPLI 53 - 83; PPI 130 - 144; PSI 9 - 12. Head longer than wide (CI 80 - 92), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, weakly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head slightly concave in the middle, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus medially convex, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.38 - 0.41, SL 0.23 - 0.25, SI 58 - 63). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.65 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a small triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner of propodeum convex, declivity vertical and concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.04), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide (1.1 times longer than wide), anterior margin weakly convex, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight to weakly convex. Petiole about as high as long (PTL 0.12 - 0.16, PTH 0.11 - 0.13) and with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, posterior face of node vertical and slightly concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum slightly convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.12 - 0.14, PTW 0.09 - 0.10), petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.07, PTW 0.09 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margin of petiole nearly straight, anterior margin of postpetiole slightly concave, posterior margin convex, sides of petiole convex and rounded in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, median portion of clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles, except for smooth and shiny frons; malar area and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (weakly areolate and with longitudinal and parallel rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins of head with subdecumbent hairs, posterior margin of head with suberect hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandible with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with abundant decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs, and sparse suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E8B090C94DBDD62BAFF789ABEC3F8843.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara dota is known only from southwestern and north-central Madagascar (Figure 68). This species was found in habitats such as gallery forest, grassland, littoral rainforest, montane rainforest, montane rainforest edge, and rainforest. C. dota was collected at elevations ranging from 10 m to 1670 m using maxi-Winkler and pitfall traps. Individuals and colonies were found in leaf mold and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E8B090C94DBDD62BAFF789ABEC3F8843.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa: 45 km S. Ambalavao, - 22.21667, 47.01667, 785 m, rainforest, 25. ix. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 28 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, - 20.775, 47.16833, 1670 m, grassland, 11. i. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe, - 22.47, 46.96, 900 m, rainforest, 7 - 12. x. 1997, (B. L. Fisher (Sylvain )); Fianarantsoa, 28 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, - 20.775, 47.16833, 1670 m, montane rainforest edge, 14. i. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara: Manombo, - 22.8123, 43.73932, 165 m, gallery forest, TS 3, 22 - 24. v. 2004, (Frontier Wilderness Project); Toliara, Parc National d'Andohahela, Col du Sedro, 3.8 km 113 ° ESE Mahamavo, 37.6 km 341 ° NNW Tolagnaro, - 24.76389, 46.75167, 900 m, montane rainforest, 21 - 25. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale Kalambatritra, Ampanihy, - 23.4635, 46.4631, 1270 m, montane rainforest, 9 - 10. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Foret de Petriky, 12.5 km W 272 ° Tolagnaro, - 25.06167, 46.87, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 22. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
54CB1F3E799A95A4881DC4C09FC71FB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae nine-segmented. Major: Head longer than wide, nearly rectangular, margins straight and parallel; petiole with relatively long peduncle, ventral face flat, petiolar node rounded. Minor: Head longer than wide, nearly subrectangular; petiole with relatively long peduncle, petiolar node rounded.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
54CB1F3E799A95A4881DC4C09FC71FB1.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 22): HL 0.56 - 0.84; HW 0.44 - 0.61; SL 0.25 - 0.32; ML 0.12 - 0.21; EL 0.01 - 0.03; EM 0.14 - 0.19; HD 0.30 - 0.45; WL 0.51 - 0.74; PSL 0.05 - 0.09; PW 0.26 - 0.38; MFL 0.29 - 0.42; MFW 0.06 - 0.10; MTL 0.26 - 0.37; PTL 0.18 - 0.28; PNL 0.09 - 0.14; PTH 0.12 - 0.20; PTW 0.12 - 0.19; PPL 0.11 - 0.16; PPNL 0.09 - 0.14; PPH 0.10 - 0.17; PPW 0.13 - 0.21; GL 0.44 - 0.85; GW 0.35 - 0.65; CI 71 - 79; MI 20 - 27; SI 38 - 46; MLI 63 - 74; PPLI 50 - 67; PPI 100 - 123; PSI 10 - 15. Head longer than wide (CI 71 - 79), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus concave and laterally convex. Frons without median ocellus. Antennae with nine segments. Scapes short (HL 0.56 - 0.84, SL 0.25 - 0.32, SI 38 - 46). Eyes present, consisting of one to three ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area acutely triangular, extending forward beyond the antennal insertions. In profile view, promesonotum convex, mesonotum shallowly present and lower than dorsum of promesonotum, metanotal groove present. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, about 1.2 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner angulate to dentate, declivity of propodeum slightly concave with thin lateral laminae in direction of propodeal lobe. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.09), and distance to declivity almost twice the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.2 times longer than wide, anterior margin of promesonotum rounded, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex or straight. Petiole with relatively long peduncle, ventral face flat. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node deeply concave in the middle, posterior face of node slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner convex, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.19, PPW 0.13 - 0.21) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.14, PTW 0.12 - 0.19), anterior and posterior margins of petiole nearly straight, anterior margin of postpetiole concave and convex posterior margin, sides rounded in petiole and convex in postpetiole, narrowed posteriorly. Dorsal surface of mandibles, upper median portion of clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal rugae along the gena, and frontal lobes. Lower median portion of clypeus with transverse rugae. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for propleuron and mesopleuron (areolate), and metapleuron (longitudinally rugulose). Ventral face of petiole and postpetiole longitudinally areolate. In dorsal view mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, except for declivity of propodeum, anterior and posterior face of petiole finely areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with subdecumbent to decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Tibia with subdecumbent to decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant suberect to decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
54CB1F3E799A95A4881DC4C09FC71FB1.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 18): HL 0.39 - 0.49; HW 0.31 - 0.40; SL 0.23 - 0.30; ML 0.08 - 0.13; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.11 - 0.13; HD. 022 - 0.28; WL 0.40 - 0.52; PSL 0.03 - 0.05; PW 0.18 - 0.24; MFL 0.24 - 0.31; MFW 0.06 - 0.08; MTL 0.19 - 0.27; PTL 0.16 - 0.19; PNL 0.09 - 0.11; PTH 0.10 - 0.13; PTW 0.09 - 0.11; PPL 0.08 - 0.11; PPNL 0.07 - 0.10; PPH 0.07 - 0.10; PPW 0.10 - 0.12; GL 0.31 - 0.55; GW 0.22 - 0.32; CI 79 - 86; MI 19 - 28; SI 57 - 65; MLI 73 - 82; PPLI 47 - 63; PPI 100 - 120; PSI 9 - 13. Head longer than wide (CI 79 - 86), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head weakly concave, nearly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex, nearly straight. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus concave and laterally angulate. Antennae with nine segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.39 - 0.49, SL 0.23 - 0.30, SI 57 - 65). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove present. Propodeum about 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum convex, posterodorsal corners angulate, or with a small triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner convex, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae in direction of propodeal lobe. Propodeal lobes short and triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost three times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.05), and distance to declivity less than twice the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.25 times longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole with a relatively long peduncle, petiole longer than high (PTL 0.16 - 0.19, PTH 0.10 - 0.13), ventral face flat. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node deeply concave in the middle, posterior face of node slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner convex, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node strongly convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node almost as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.09 - 0.11, PPW 0.10 - 0.12), and petiolar node as broad as long (PNL 0.09 - 0.11, PTW 0.09 - 0.11), anterior and posterior margin of petiole convex, anterior margin of postpetiole concave and convex posteriorly, sides of petiole and postpetiole strongly convex. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area, and head smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with transverse rugae near the posterior margin of head, gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for propleuron and mesopleuron (areolate), and metapleuron (finely areolate-rugose). Lateral margins of petiole finely areolate-rugose, except for petiolar node and ventral face of postpetiole which are areolate. In dorsal view mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, except for declivity of propodeum, anterior and posterior face of petiole which are finely areolate. Lateral margins of head and scape with subdecumbent to decumbent hairs. Posterior margin of head with short suberect hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with longer suberect to decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
54CB1F3E799A95A4881DC4C09FC71FB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara grandidieri is a widespread and common species in the Malagasy region, and has been recorded on Madagascar, Comoros and Mayotte (Figure 68). This species was collected in the following environments: along the roadside, coastal scrub, dry forest, gallery forest, grassland, littoral forest, montane rainforest, open secondary vegetation, rainforest, spiny forest / thicket, tropical dry forest, Uapaca woodland, and urban / garden. C. grandidieri was sampled at elevations ranging from 10 m to 1550 m. Individuals and colonies were collected in rotten logs, rotting tree stumps, soil, termite mounds, leaf litter, under moss, litter on rocks, under rotten logs, under stones, and in leaf litter.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
54CB1F3E799A95A4881DC4C09FC71FB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. COMOROS: Anjouan, - 12.25764, 44.38915, 20 m, along roadside, 27. i. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Moheli Ouallah, - 12.32717, 43.65952, 10 m, coastal scrub, 17. i. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Moheli Ouallah, - 12.30668, 43.66407, 275 m, rainforest, 21 - 24. i. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Moheli Lac Boundouni, - 12.37915, 43.85165, 25 m, dry forest, 20 - 21. i. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Moheli Ouallah, - 12.30353, 43.66827, 500 m, rainforest, 18 - 22. i. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Moheli Ouallah, - 12.30353, 43.66827, 500 m, rainforest, 18 - 19. i. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.). MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo. Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, Foret d' Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72 ° NE d' Ankazobe, - 18.22528, 47.28683, 1410 m, montane rainforest, 17 - 22. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antananarivo, [Antananarivo], (Camboue); Antananarivo, Ankalalahana, - 19.00659, 47.1122, 1375 m, Uapaca Woodland, 29 - 31. iii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana. Foret de Binara, 7.5 km 230 ° SW Daraina, - 13.255, 49.61667, 375 m, tropical dry forest, 1. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d' Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275 ° W Daraina, - 13.21167, 49.55667, 550 m, tropical dry forest, 12. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d' Andavakoera, 21.4 km 75 ° ENE Ambilobe; 4.6 km 356 ° N Betsiaka, - 13.11833, 49.23, 425 m, rainforest, 15. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret de Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60 ° ENE Daraina, - 13.16667, 49.71, 150 m, tropical dry forest, 7. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Analamerana, 16.7 km 123 ° Anivorano-Nord, - 12.80467, 49.37383, 225 m, tropical dry forest, 3. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Analamerana, 28.4 km 99 ° Anivorano-Nord, - 12.74667, 49.49483, 60 m, tropical dry forest, 5. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret Ambato, 26.6 km 33 ° Ambanja, - 13.4645, 48.55167, 150 m, rainforest, 8. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Ambondrobe, 41.1 km 175 ° Vohemar, - 13.71533, 50.10167, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 29. xi. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret Ambato, 26.6 km 33 ° Ambanja, - 13.4645, 48.55167, 150 m, rainforest, 10. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Ambondrobe, 41.1 km 175 ° Vohemar, - 13.71533, 50.10167, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 30. xi. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38 ° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333 ° NNW Manantenina, - 14.43667, 49.775, 450 m, rainforest, 23. xi. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d'Ampombofofo, - 12.09949, 49.33874, 25 m, littoral forest, 21 - 22. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Nosy Faly, - 13.36435, 48.49137, 40 m, open secondary vegetation, 25. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Nosy Be, Reserve Naturelle Integrale de Lokobe, 6.3 km 112 ° ESE Hellville, - 13.41933, 48.33117, 30 m, rainforest, 19 - 24. iii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224 ° SW Anivorano Nord, - 12.90889, 49.10983, 80 m, tropical dry forest, 10 - 16. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Foret d'Anabohazo, 21.6 km 247 ° WSW Maromandia, - 14.30889, 47.91433, 120 m, tropical dry forest, 11 - 16. iii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 13.6 km 192 ° SSW Anivorano Nord, - 12.86361, 49.22583, 210 m, tropical dry forest, 16 - 21. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale de l'Ankarana, 22.9 km 224 ° SW Anivorano Nord, - 12.90889, 49.10983, 80 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 10 - 16. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Ampasindava, Foret d'Ambilanivy, 3.9 km 181 ° S Ambaliha, - 13.79861, 48.16167, 600 m, rainforest, 4 - 9. iii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Foret d'Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10 ° NNE Daraina, - 12.97, 49.7, 175 m, tropical dry forest, 10. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale d'Ambre, 3.5 km 235 ° SW Sakaramy, - 12.46889, 49.24217, 325 m, tropical dry forest, 26 - 31. i. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.). Fianarantsoa. Parc National d'Isalo, Sahanafa River, 29.2 km 351 ° N Ranohira, - 22.31333, 45.29167, 500 m, gallery forest, 10 - 13. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National d'Isalo, 9.1 km 354 ° N Ranohira, - 22.48167, 45.46167, 725 m, gallery forest, 27 - 31. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National d'Isalo, Ambovo Springs, 29.3 km 4 ° N Ranohira, - 22.29833, 45.35167, 990 m, Uapaca woodland, 9 - 14. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Forestiere d'Agnalazaha, Mahabo, 42.9 km 215 ° Farafangana, - 23.19383, 47.723, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 19. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Speciale Manombo 24.5 km 228 ° Farafangana, - 23.01583, 47.719, 30 m, rainforest, 20. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Foret d'Atsirakambiaty, 7.6 km 285 ° WNW Itremo, - 20.59333, 46.56333, 1550 m, grassland, 22 - 26. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.). Mahajanga Parc National tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123 ° Antsalova, - 18.70944, 44.71817, 150 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 16 - 20. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145 ° SE Mitsinjo, - 16.05167, 45.90833, 20 m, gallery forest, 1 - 5. xii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329 ° WNW Vilanandro, - 16.37667, 45.32667, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 8 - 12. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve Speciale de Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223 ° SW Besalampy, - 16.925, 44.36833, 30 m, tropical dry forest, 19 - 23. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka, 9.8 km 300 ° WNW Vilanandro, - 16.46667, 45.35, 140 m, tropical dry forest, 4 - 8. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317 ° NW Vilanandro, - 16.40667, 45.31, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 12 - 16. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Foret de Tsimembo, 8.7 km 336 ° NNW Soatana, - 19.02139, 44.44067, 20 m, tropical dry forest, 21 - 25. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62 ° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, - 19.13222, 44.81467, 100 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 11 - 15. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve Forestiere Beanka, 50.7 km E Maintirano, - 17.88021, 44.46877, 140 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 29. x. - 1. xi. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve Forestiere Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano, - 18.02649, 44.05051, 250 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 19 - 22. x. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve Forestiere Beanka, 52.7 km E Maintirano, - 18.0622, 44.52587, 300 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, 24 - 27. x. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Foret de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46 ° NE de Tsaramandroso, - 16.22806, 47.14361, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 2 - 8. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93 ° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, - 19.14194, 44.828, 50 m, tropical dry forest, 6 - 10. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 40 km 306 ° NW Andranofasika, - 16.32083, 46.81067, 130 m, tropical dry forest, 26. iii. - 1. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 5.4 km 331 ° NW Andranofasika, - 16.29889, 46.813, 70 m, tropical dry forest, 26. iii. - 1. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve d'Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13 ° NE de Tsaramandroso, - 16.26722, 47.04861, 210 m, tropical dry forest, 9 - 14. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Foret de Tsimembo, 11.0 km 346 ° NNW Soatana, - 18.99528, 44.4435, 50 m, tropical dry forest, 21 - 25. xi. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.). Toamasina. Parcelle K 7 Tampolo, - 17.28333, 49.41667, 10 m, littoral forest, 20. iv. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Foret d'Analava Mandrisy, 5.9 km 195 ° Antanambe, - 16.48567, 49.847, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 13. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Mahavelona (Foulpointe), - 17.66667, 49.5, 20. v. 1993, (A. Pauly); Toamasina, Station Forestiere Analamazaotra, Analamazaotra 1.3 km S Andasibe, - 18.38466, 48.41271, 980 m, montane rainforest, 11 - 13. xii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Forestiere Tampolo, 95.2 km N Toamasina, - 17.27808, 49.42853, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 7. v. 2008, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Tamatave, (Voeltzkow); Toliara. Parc National de Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127 ° SE Belo sur Mer, - 20.79528, 44.147, 80 m, tropical dry forest, 6 - 10. xii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Prive Berenty, Foret de Malaza, Mandrare River, 8.6 km 314 ° NW Amboasary, - 25.00778, 46.306, 40 m, gallery forest, 6. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret de Mite, 20.7 km 29 ° WNW Tongobory, - 23.52417, 44.12133, 75 m, gallery forest, 27. ii. - 3. iii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Prive Berenty, Foret de Bealoka, Mandrare River, 14.6 km 329 ° NNW Amboasary, - 24.95694, 46.2715, 35 m, gallery forest, 3 - 8. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, - 24.75833, 46.15717, 110 m, spiny forest / thicket, 28. i. - 1. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 12.3 km 262 ° W Marovato, - 25.58167, 45.16833, 200 m, spiny forest / thicket, 11 - 15. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National d'Andohahela, Foret de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63 ° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99 ° E Hazofotsy, - 24.81694, 46.61, 150 m, spiny forest / thicket, 12 - 16. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Parc National de Tsimanampetsotsa, 6.7 km 130 ° SE Efoetse, 23.0 km 175 ° S Beheloka, - 24.10056, 43.76, 25 m, spiny forest / thicket, 18 - 22. iii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale d'Ambohijanahary, Foret d'Ankazotsihitafototra, 35.2 km 312 ° NW Ambaravaranala, - 18.26667, 45.40667, 1050 m, montane rainforest, 13 - 17. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale d'Ambohijanahary, Foret d'Ankazotsihitafototra, 34.6 km 314 ° NW Ambaravaranala, - 18.26, 45.41833, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 16. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64 ° ENE Marofandilia, - 20.045, 44.66222, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 28. xi. - 3. xii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Antafoky, - 23.48778, 44.0775, 60 m, gallery forest, 9. ii. 2002, (Frontier Project); Toliara, Manombo, - 22.8123, 43.73932, 165 m, gallery forest, TS 3, 22 - 24. v. 2004, (Frontier Wilderness Project); Toliara, Amboasary, - 25.03883, 46.3835, 25 m, urban / garden, 9. xii. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Manatantely, 8.9 km NW Tolagnaro, - 24.9815, 46.92567, 100 m, rainforest, 27. xi. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo, - 23.45707, 46.4473, 1300 m, grassland, 8. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo, - 23.45373, 46.45773, 1345 m, grassland, 11. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale Kalambatritra, - 23.4185, 46.4583, 1365 m, grassland, 8. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, - 23.65, 44.63333, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 23. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.21985, 45.32396, 500 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 25. xi. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Makay Mts, - 21.22284, 45.32477, 490 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 24. xi. - 1. xii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.20978, 45.34184, 525 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 27. xi- 2. xii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Mahafaly Plateau, 6.2 km 74 ° ENE Itampolo, - 24.65361, 43.99667, 80 m, spiny forest / thicket, 21 - 25. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale de Cap Sainte Marie, 14.9 km 261 ° W Marovato, - 25.59444, 45.14683, 160 m, spiny forest / thicket, 13 - 19. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); MAYOTTE: Dapani, - 12.96279, 45.15037, 135 m, rainforest, 2 - 4. xii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); MAYOTTE: Mont Benara, - 12.87585, 45.15672, 425 m, rainforest, 30. xi. - 2. xii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); MAYOTTE: Mont Chongui, - 12.95903, 45.13411, 380 m, rainforest, 28 - 30. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); MAYOTTE: Mont Combani, - 12.80632, 45.15314, 370 m, rainforest, 25 - 28. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
6E897BB15E2DFEBA594478ED201337F2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, posterior margin of head concave, lateral margins nearly straight and parallel; propodeum with a pair of small triangular teeth, dorsum of propodeum nearly flat; head with longitudinal and parallel rugose-reticulate and with longitudinal rugae laterally; posterolateral corners of head with a small, dentiform horn; gaster with abundant, suberect hairs. Minor: Head slightly longer than wide, nearly subquadrate; posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of triangular teeth, dorsum nearly flat; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, posterior margin vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal corner convex; gaster with abundant suberect hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
6E897BB15E2DFEBA594478ED201337F2.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 10): HL 0.56 - 0.68 (0.63); HW 0.43 - 0.53 (0.50); SL 0.24 - 0.27 (0.26); ML 0.10 - 0.14 (0.12); EL 0.02 - 0.04 (0.02); EM 0.16 - 0.19 (0.18); HD 0.31 - 0.38 (0.35); WL 0.50 - 0.57 (0.56); PSL 0.06 - 0.07 (0.06); PW 0.28 - 0.35 (0.32); MFL 0.28 - 0.36 (0.31); MFW 0.07 - 0.10 (0.08); MTL 0.22 - 0.25 (0.25); PTL 0.20 - 0.23 (0.23); PNL 0.08 - 0.10 (0.09); PTH 0.16 - 0.19 (0.17); PTW 0.12 - 0.16 (0.15); PPL 0.11 - 0.15 (0.14); PPNL 0.10 - 0.13 (0.11); PPH 0.12 - 0.14 (0.14); PPW 0.18 - 0.21 (0.20); GL 0.45 - 0.65 (0.48); GW 0.36 - 0.45 (0.42); CI 75 - 82 (79); MI 17 - 23 (19); SI 38 - 44 (41), MLI 60 - 73 (62); PPLI 55 - 75 (61); PPI 127 - 150 (133); PSI 11 - 14 (12). Head longer than wide (CI 75 - 82), in full-face view subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus medially concave and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.56 - 0.68, SL 0.24 - 0.27, SI 38 - 44). Ocelli are absent. Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02 - 0.04). Supraclypeal area acutely triangular, extending forward beyond the antennal insertions. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a short triangular tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove deep. Propodeum about 1.65 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity of propodeum vertical, flat with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle; distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06 - 0.07), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum almost as long as wide (about 1.02 times longer than wide), anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.20 - 0.23, PTH 0.16 - 0.19) and with a short peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave, nearly straight, posterior face of node vertical, nearly straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, slightly larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.16, PPW 0.18 - 0.21), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.12 - 0.16, PNL 0.08 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margin of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal irregular and parallel rugose-reticulate, transverse irregular rugae near posterior margin of head, gena with longitudinal rugae extending to posterolateral lobes, reticulate close to posterolateral corners. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate) and metapleuron (areolate and with longitudinal and parallel rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster, smooth and shiny, except for anterior and posterior faces of petiole which are areolate. Lateral margins of head with short subdecumbent hairs, posterior margin of head with suberect hairs. Scapes with abundant appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with long and short erect and suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with abundant decumbent hairs. Gaster with sparse, suberect hairs and abundant subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferrugineus.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
6E897BB15E2DFEBA594478ED201337F2.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 7): HL 0.35 - 0.39; HW 0.31 - 0.35; SL 0.21 - 0.24; ML 0.08 - 0.11; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.10 - 0.12; HD 0.21 - 0.24; WL 0.35 - 0.42; PSL 0.02 - 0.05; PW 0.18 - 0.21; MFL 0.21 - 0.25, MFW 0.05 - 0.06; MTL 0.15 - 0.18; PTL 0.12 - 0.15; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.10 - 0.12; PTW 0.08 - 0.10; PPL 0.07 - 0.10; PPNL 0.07 - 0.08; PPH 0.07 - 0.10; PPW 0.11 - 0.13; GL 0.35 - 0.39; GW 0.23 - 0.30; CI 87 - 92; MI 23 - 29; SI 60 - 64, MLI 66 - 75; PPLI 54 - 71; PPI 122 - 150; PSI 7 - 15. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 87 - 92), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head shallowly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus almost straight and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.35 - 0.39, SL 0.21 - 0.24, SI 60 - 64). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly concave and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity slightly concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle weakly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about two times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.05), and distance to declivity about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum almost as long as wide (about 1.03 times longer than wide), anterior margin of promesonotum weakly convex, sides rounded and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.12 - 0.15, PTH 0.10 - 0.12) and with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straight, posterior face of node vertical and weakly concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, slightly larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.11 - 0.13, PTW 0.08 - 0.10), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.0.8 - 0.10, PNL 0.06 - 0.0.7), anterior and posterior margin of petiole and postpetiole convex, sides of petiole and postpetiole rounded. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate) and metapleuron (areolate and with longitudinal and parallel rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, except for petiole which is areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with suberect hairs. Scapes with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole, and postpetiole with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
6E897BB15E2DFEBA594478ED201337F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara hainteny is known only from the center of Madagascar (Figure 68) from grassland, montane rainforest and rainforest and was collected once in montane grassland. The species was sampled at different elevations from 785 m to 1300 m. C. hainteny was collected using Winkler traps, and found in rotten logs, leaf mold and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
6E897BB15E2DFEBA594478ED201337F2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa: Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231 ° SW Ranomafana, - 21.29, 47.43333, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 27 - 31. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Vohiparara Kidonavo 2, - 21.22603, 47.36963, 1100 m, stomach contents of Mantella madagascariensis, 13. iii. 2003, (V. C. Clark); Fianarantsoa, 2 km W Andrambovato, along river Tatamaly, - 21.51167, 47.41, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 3 - 5. vi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, 43 km S Ambalavao, Reserve Andringitra, - 22.23333, 47, 825 m, rainforest, 5. x. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 28 km. SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, - 20.775, 47.16833, 1670 m, grassland, 11. i. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 45 km S. Ambalavao, - 22.21667, 47.01667, 785 m, rainforest, 25. ix. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina: Parc National Mantadia, - 18.79167, 48.42667, 895 m, rainforest, 25 - 28. xi. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Parc National Mantadia, - 18.79167, 48.42667, 895 m, rainforest, 28. xi. - 1. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Didy, - 18.19833, 48.57833, 960 m, rainforest, 16. xii. - 23. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Analamay, - 18.80623, 48.33707, 1068 m, montane rainforest, 21. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A5FD70CA545880D3D137A6A367A38501.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, posterior margin of head concave and posterolateral corners rounded; head with longitudinal rugae, not reaching posterolateral lobes, smooth and shiny frons, imbricate close to posterior margin of head; propodeum with posterodorsal corner nearly convex, dorsum flat; ventral face of petiole flat and petiolar node thick, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave and posterior face vertical and convex. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate; propodeum with posterodorsal corner nearly convex, and dorsum flat; petiolar node thick, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A5FD70CA545880D3D137A6A367A38501.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 3): HL 0.74 - 1.03 (0.87); HW 0.58 - 0.79 (0.66); SL 0.31 - 0.39 (0.35); ML 0.20 - 0.27 (0.22); EL 0.02 - 0.05 (0.02); EM 0.21 - 0.34 (0.30); HD 0.42 - 0.61 (0.50); WL 0.67 - 0.88 (0.80); PSL 0.04 - 0.07 (0.06); PW 0.39 - 0.53 (0.46); MFL 0.36 - 0.50 (0.43); MFW 0.08 - 0.12 (0.11); MTL 0.29 - 0.39 (0.34); PTL 0.22 - 0.30 (0.26); PNL 0.12 - 0.15 (0.13); PTH 0.16 - 0.21 (0.18); PTW 0.16 - 0.21 (0.18); PPL 0.16 - 0.20 (0.17); PPNL 0.12 - 0.18 (0.15); PPH 0.14 - 0.21 (0.17); PPW 0.18 - 0.24 (0.21); GL 0.52 - 0.75 (0.61); GW 0.47 - 0.75 (0.61); CI 76 - 78 (76); MI 25 - 27 (25); SI 38 - 42 (40), MLI 62 - 65 (65); PPLI 65 - 73 (65); PPI 113 - 117 (117); PSI 7 - 9 (9). Head longer than wide (CI 76 - 78), in full-face view roughly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.74 - 1.03, SL 0.31 - 0.39, SI 38 - 42), barely surpassing cephalic midlength. Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02 - 0.05). Supraclypeal area well defined, acutely triangular with a short longitudinal strip posteriorly, not reaching cephalic midlength. In profile view, promesonotum high and strongly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed, propodeum lower than promesonotum. Propodeum about as high as long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, propodeum unarmed, posterodorsal corner bluntly angled, declivity of propodeum vertical and slightly concave. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodrosal corner of propodeum about 1.8 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.07), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded, deeply narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.22 - 0.30, PTH 0.16 - 0.21) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face slightly convex. Petiolar node thick. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave in the middle, posterior face of node vertical and weakly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, about as long as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as wide as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.16 - 0.21, PPW 0.18 - 0.24), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.16 - 0.21, PNL 0.12 - 0.15), anterior and posterior margins of petiole slightly convex, and nearly straight in postpetiole, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles and head with scattered piligerous punctae. Frontoclypeal area, frons, and posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Head with longitudinal and parallel carinulae, extending from gena and frontal lobes to posterolateral corners, clypeus with transverse rugae. Mandibles with longitudinal striations, weakly imbricate close to posterior margin of head. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny medially. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum, metapleuron and propodeum, which are areolate. Longitudinal and fine carinulae present on lateral side of pronotum. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum weakly sculptured. Lateral margins, posterolateral corners, and posterior margin of head with short and long erect to suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with a few and very short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long erect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with long suberect and subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with short subdecumbent hairs and long erect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A5FD70CA545880D3D137A6A367A38501.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 8): HL 0.43 - 0.50; HW 0.41 - 0.45; SL 0.29 - 0.32; ML 0.12 - 0.15; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.14 - 0.18; HD 0.27 - 0.31; WL 0.50 - 0.57; PSL 0.03 - 0.04; PW 0.26 - 0.30; MFL 0.29 - 0.35; MFW 0.07 - 0.08; MTL 0.24 - 0.27; PTL 0.15 - 0.18; PNL 0.09 - 0.10; PTH 0.13 - 0.14; PTW 0.11 - 0.13; PPL 0.11 - 0.14; PPNL 0.09 - 0.11; PPH 0.10 - 0.12; PPW 0.14 - 0.17; GL 0.43 - 0.61; GW 0.36 - 0.42; CI 90 - 100; MI 27 - 31; SI 64 - 68; MLI 67 - 78; PPLI 69 - 81; PPI 119 - 132; PSI 7 - 9. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 90 - 100), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.03 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, posterolateral corners convex, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus weakly concave medially and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.43 - 0.50, SL 0.29 - 0.32, SI 64 - 68). Eyes present, consisting of two ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about as high as long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner bluntly angled, anterodorsal corner rounded, declivity vertical and slightly concave. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum and to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.04). In dorsal view, promesonotum almost as long as wide (about 1.06 times longer than wide), anterior margin of promesonotum rounded, sides convex; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.15 - 0.18, PTH 0.13 - 0.14) and with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave, nearly straight, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Petiolar node thick. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.14 - 0.17, PTW 0.11 - 0.13), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.11 - 0.13, PNL 0.09 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margin of petiole slightly convex, and nearly straight in postpetiole, sides of petiole rounded and convex in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles, gena and frontal lobes longitudinally carinulate. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (finely and longitudinally areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, except for declivity of propodeum which is weakly sculptured. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with suberect hairs. Scapes with subdecumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandible with short decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with long and short erect hairs. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs, and sparse and long suberect hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A5FD70CA545880D3D137A6A367A38501.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara hiragasy is known only from the southwestern and southeastern sections of Madagascar (Figure 68). This species was found in montane rainforest and rainforest (transition to montane forest). C. hiragasy was collected at 600 m and 1100 m, in soil and under stones.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
A5FD70CA545880D3D137A6A367A38501.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa: Foret de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293 ° Farafangana, - 22.791, 47.18183, 600 m, rainforest, transition to montane forest, 23. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
554ADDBEF550684012C055768058027F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten or eleven-segmented (only larger major workers, minor workers always with ten segments). Major: Head longer than wide, slightly narrowed anteriorly and on the top, posterior margin of head deeply concave, posterolateral corners well developed and narrowed posteriorly; posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of triangular teeth, dorsum flat and declining posteriorly; petiolar node thin, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum weakly convex, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave to nearly straight, posterior face vertical and nearly straight. Minor: Head slightly longer than wide; posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of triangular teeth, dorsum flat and declining posteriorly; petiolar node thin with the top bluntly prominent, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node weakly concave, posterior face vertical and almost straight; gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
554ADDBEF550684012C055768058027F.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 27): HL 0.62 - 1.18 (0.97); HW 0.51 - 0.92 (0.75); SL 0.27 - 0.45 (0.38); ML 0.14 - 0.31 (0.26); EL 0.01 - 0.14 (0.04); EM 0.16 - 0.30 (0.27); HD 0.33 - 0.70 (0.55); WL 0.53 - 1.12 (0.80); PSL 0.06 - 0.18 (0.15); PW 0.31 - 0.60 (0.48); MFL 0.32 - 0.63 (0.47); MFW 0.07 - 0.15 (0.11); MTL 0.26 - 0.51 (0.39); PTL 0.21 - 0.43 (0.36); PNL 0.08 - 0.15 (0.12); PTH 0.16 - 0.27 (0.24); PTW 0.14 - 0.27 (0.23); PPL 0.12 - 0.22 (0.18); PPNL 0.11 - 0.21 (0.15); PPH 0.12 - 0.26 (0.20); PPW 0.18 - 0.33 (0.27); GL 0.40 - 1.54 (0.66); GW 0.37 - 0.92 (0.66); CI 72 - 87 (77); MI 22 - 29 (27); SI 34 - 45 (39); MLI 58 - 70 (63); PPLI 45 - 62 (50); PPI 116 - 134 (117); PSI 11 - 26 (20). Head longer than wide (CI 72 - 87), in full-face view roughly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly and on the top. Posterior margin of head deeply concave, V-shaped, posterolateral corners well developed and narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins moderately convex. Mandibles with six or seven teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus straight to slightly concave, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten or eleven segments. Scapes short (HL 0.62 - 1.18, SL 0.27 - 0.45, SI 34 - 45). Ocelli absent or present. Eyes present, consisting of one to 50 ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.14). Supraclypeal area mostly triangular, apex varies from acute on small and medium major workers, to rounded on larger major workers. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small, obtuse tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum. Propodeum about 1.75 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat, to weakly concave, declining posteriorly; posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a triangular tooth; anterodorsal corner convex, declivity vertical and concave with narrow lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about four times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06 - 0.18), and distance to declivity almost twice the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.21 - 0.43, PTH 0.16 - 0.27) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave or nearly straight, posterior face of node vertical, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a very small denticle, same as or slightly shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as broad as postpetiolar node (PPW 0.18 - 0.33, PTW 0.14 - 0.27) and petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.14 - 0.27, PNL 0.08 - 0.15), anterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides of petiole rounded, convex in postpetiole, narrowed posteriorly. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal rugae directed to posterior margin, gena with well-developed longitudinal rugae directed to posterolateral corners of head. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny, larger specimens with weakly marked longitudinal rugae. Sides of pronotum with transverse and longitudinal fine rugae, median area unsculptured on smaller major workers; katepisternum areolate, metapleuron finely areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum weakly sculptured. Lateral margins with long suberect hairs and short appressed hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with short and sparse appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short decumbent to appressed hairs, and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
554ADDBEF550684012C055768058027F.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 11): HL 0.37 - 0.45; HW 0.34 - 0.40; SL 0.24 - 0.28; ML 0.09 - 0.12; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.11 - 0.14; HD 0.21 - 0.28; WL 0.39 - 0.47; PSL 0.03 - 0.07; PW 0.21 - 0.25; MFL 0.25 - 0.31; MFW 0.06 - 0.08; MTL 0.18 - 0.25, PTL 0.15 - 0.19; PNL 0.06 - 0.09; PTH 0.11 - 0.13; PTW 0.09 - 0.11; PPL 0.09 - 0.10; PPNL 0.08 - 0.10; PPH 0.09 - 0.10; PPW 0.12 - 0.15; GL 0.28 - 0.40; GW 0.26 - 0.34; CI 84 - 93; MI 22 - 28; SI 60 - 65, MLI 72 - 82; PPLI 50 - 67; PPI 127 - 156; PSI 9 - 18. Head longer than wide (CI 84 - 93), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, weakly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head slightly concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.37 - 0.45, SL 0.24 - 0.28, SI 60 - 65). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area almost triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.58 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat, declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity vertical and nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.07), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.16 times longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.15 - 0.19, PTH 0.11 - 0.13) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node weakly concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly concave, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corners rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process weakly present as denticle, shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PPW 0.12 - 0.15, PTW 0.09 - 0.11), petiolar node wider than long (PTW 0.09 - 0.11, PNL 0.06 - 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, lateral margins rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (mesopleuron) and metapleuron (finely areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral margin of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum and petiole finely areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short decumbent hairs, and long suberect hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandible with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short decumbent hairs and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
554ADDBEF550684012C055768058027F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara jajoby is known from the east and northwest of Madagascar (Figure 68). This species was mainly found in littoral rainforest, montane rainforest, montane shrubland, rainforest, and rainforest (transition to montane forest). C. jajoby is distributed in elevations ranging from 10 m to 2000 m. Specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler traps. Individuals and colonies were found in the following microhabitats: dead twigs above ground, rotten logs, rotten logs in root mat, ground nests, sifted litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, under rootmat, litter on rocks, and under stones.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
554ADDBEF550684012C055768058027F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Parc National de Marojejy, 25.4 km 30 ° NNE Andapa, 10.9 km 311 ° NW Manantenina, - 14.445, 49.735, 2000 m, montane shrubland, 23. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35 ° NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327 ° NNW Manantenina, - 14.435, 49.76, 775 m, rainforest, 15 - 18. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35 ° NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327 ° NNW Manantenina, - 14.435, 49.76, 775 m, rainforest, 11. xii. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Reserve Anjanaharibe-Sud, - 14.75, 49.5, 875 m, rainforest, 21. x. 1994, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 ° SW Antanambao, - 13.97667, 48.42333, 780 m, rainforest, 11. x. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 ° SW Antanambao, - 13.96167, 48.43333, 400 m, rainforest, 8. xii. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 ° SW Antanambao, - 13.97667, 48.42333, 780 m, rainforest, 11 - 17. x. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 ° SW Antanambao, - 13.99833, 48.42833, 1175 m, montane rainforest, 20. x. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.17066, 49.95409, 225 m, rainforest, 4 - 6. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16666, 49.95, 715 m, rainforest, 2. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16044, 49.95216, 550 m, rainforest, 1 - 2. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16666, 49.95, 715 m, rainforest, 1 - 2. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16506, 49.9477, 900 m, montane rainforest, 30. iv. - 1. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16044, 49.95216, 550 m, rainforest, 1. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.17066, 49.95409, 415 m, rainforest, 28 - 29. iv. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 ° SW Antanambao, - 13.96167, 48.43333, 400 m, rainforest, 8. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.58487, 48.71818, 520 m, rainforest, 19. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.58487, 48.71818, 520 m, rainforest, 17. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.59358, 48.73157, 1100 m, montane forest, 22. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35 ° NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327 ° NNW Manantenina, - 14.435, 49.76, 775 m, rainforest, 16. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa: Foret de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293 ° Farafangana, - 22.791, 47.18183, 600 m, rainforest, transition to montane forest, 24. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Foret de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293 ° Farafangana, - 22.791, 47.18183, 600 m, rainforest, transition to montane forest, 23. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina: Montagne d'Akirindro 7.6 km 341 ° NNW Ambinanitelo, - 15.28833, 49.54833, 600 m, rainforest, 17 - 21. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57 ° Moramanga, - 18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 21. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Torotorofotsy, - 18.87082, 48.34737, 1070 m, montane rainforest, marsh edge, 24. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57 ° Moramanga, - 18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 22. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57 ° Moramanga, - 18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 18. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Reserve Ambodiriana, 4.8 km 306 ° Manompana, along Manompana river, - 16.67233, 49.70117, 125 m, rainforest, 19. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National Mananara-Nord, 7.1 km 261 ° Antanambe, - 16.455, 49.7875, 225 m, rainforest, 14. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ile Sainte Marie, Foret Ambohidena, 22.8 km 44 ° Ambodifotatra, - 16.82433, 49.96417, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 21. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Ambodiriana, 4.8 km 306 ° Manompana, along Manompana river, - 16.67233, 49.70117, 125 m, rainforest, 18. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Analamazaotra, Parc National, Andasibe, - 18.92778, 48.41833, 947 m, 7. i. 2006, (A. Ballerio); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, - 18.84963, 48.2947, 1010 m, montane rainforest, 3 - 6. iii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, - 18.83937, 48.30842, 1080 m, montane rainforest, 4 - 7. iii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, - 15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, rainforest, 23. xi. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, - 15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, rainforest, 14. xi. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina, - 15.58506, 50.00952, 825 m, rainforest, 2. xii. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Foret classee Andriantantely, - 18.695, 48.81333, 530 m, rainforest, 4 - 7. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, - 18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 18 - 21. i. 1999, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Didy, - 18.19833, 48.57833, 960 m, rainforest, 16 - 23. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Andriantantely, - 18.695, 48.81333, 530 m, rainforest, 7 - 10. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Station forestiere Analamazaotra, Analamazaotra 1.3 km S Andasibe, - 18.38466, 48.41271, 980 m, montane rainforest, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.77898, 48.36375, 918 m, rainforest, 23 - 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 22 - 27. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, - 18.80388, 48.40506, 1013 m, rainforest, 12 - 19. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76087, 48.37128, 1044 m, rainforest, 29. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 23. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 26. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, - 18.76465, 48.41938, 1039 m, rainforest, 4 - 5. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, - 18.76369, 48.4203, 984 m, rainforest, 2 - 7. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, - 18.80398, 48.40358, 1064 m, rainforest, 12 - 19. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, - 18.76465, 48.41938, 1039 m, rainforest, 2 - 7. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 23 - 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara: Foret de Petriky, 12.5 km W 272 ° Tolagnaro, - 25.06167, 46.87, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 22. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
23DB91A0A7E992EE570268F3A313EB03.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head longer than wide, lateral margins convex to nearly straight, posterolateral corners well developed and narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin of head deeply concave in the middle; dorsum of propodeum flat, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave to nearly straight in larger major workers, posterior face vertical and nearly straight; gaster with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide, posterior margin of head concave; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, anterodorsal corner slightly convex, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face weakly convex.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
23DB91A0A7E992EE570268F3A313EB03.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 31): HL 0.63 - 1.16 (0.97); HW 0.49 - 0.91 (0.74); SL 0.25 - 0.41 (0.34); ML 0.14 - 0.27 (0.21); EL 0.01 - 0.09 (0.03); EM 0.17 - 0.29 (0.27); HD 0.35 - 0.69 (0.58); WL 0.52 - 0.96 (0.73); PSL 0.06 - 0.14 (0.09); PW 0.29 - 0.58 (0.46); MFL 0.28 - 0.58 (0.44); MFW 0.07 - 0.14 (0.10); MTL 0.21 - 0.46 (0.34); PTL 0.19 - 0.36 (0.30); PNL 0.09 - 0.15 (0.12); PTH 0.15 - 0.28 (0.21); PTW 0.13 - 0.25 (0.20); PPL 0.12 - 0.23 (0.18); PPNL 0.11 - 0.21 (0.16); PPH 0.12 - 0.24 (0.18); PPW 0.17 - 0.32 (0.24); GL 0.45 - 1.36 (0.70); GW 0.37 - 0.87 (0.63); CI 75 - 84 (76); MI 22 - 26 (22); SI 29 - 43 (35); MLI 57 - 67 (59); PPLI 53 - 71 (60); PPI 117 - 143 (120); PSI 11 - 16 (12). Head longer than wide (CI 75 - 84), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head deeply concave in the middle, posterolateral corners well developed, rounded and narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins convex to nearly straight. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus concave, and laterally convex. Ocelli absent or present. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.63 - 1.16, SL 0.25 - 0.41, SI 29 - 43). Eyes present, consisting of one or more ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.09). Supraclypeal area short, triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small angulate tooth. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 15 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity of propodeum concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about four times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06 - 0.14), and distance to declivity about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded, and about as long as wide; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.19 - 0.36, PTH 0.15 - 0.28) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corners rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node slightly wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.13 - 0.25, PPW 0.17 - 0.32) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.15, PTW 0.13 - 0.25), anterior and posterior margins of petiole straight, anterior margin of postpetiole straight, and posterior margin convex, sides rounded in petiole, and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae directed to posterior margin of head, gena with longitudinal rugae extending to posterolateral corners. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Sides of pronotum finely areolate, median area smooth and shiny on small and median major workers, areolate katepisternum, metapleuron with longitudinal rugae and finely areolate. Anterior margin of pronotum finely areolate. Petiole, ventral and lateral margins of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, and postpetiole smooth and shiny medially, propodeum and petiole finely areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Posterior margin of head with short and long suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole with long subdecumbent hairs, postpetiole with short appressed hairs and long decumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long suberect or sudecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
23DB91A0A7E992EE570268F3A313EB03.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 29): HL 0.35 - 0.44; HW 0.31 - 0.39; SL 0.22 - 0.28; ML 0.09 - 0.12; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.10 - 0.13; HD 0.22 - 0.28; WL 0.35 - 0.45; PSL 0.04 - 0.06; PW 0.18 - 0.24; MFL 0.22 - 0.29; MFW 0.05 - 0.07; MTL 0.12 - 0.22; PTL 0.12 - 0.20; PNL 0.07 - 0.08; PTH 0.10 - 0.13; PTW 0.08 - 0.11; PPL 0.08 - 0.11; PPNL 0.07 - 0.10; PPH 0.07 - 0.10; PPW 0.11 - 0.15; GL 0.31 - 0.47; GW 0.23 - 0.36; CI 84 - 95; MI 23 - 28; SI 61 - 68; MLI 64 - 80; PPLI 50 - 73; PPI 118 - 150; PSI 11 - 17. Head longer than wide (CI 84 - 95), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head slightly concave in the middle, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus almost straight, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.35 - 0.44, SL 0.22 - 0.28, SI 61 - 68). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but not well defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.4 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner of propodeum weakly convex, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small triangular tooth, declivity weakly concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated weakly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.06), and distance to declivity almost the same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, anterior margin of promesonotum convex, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly, slightly longer than wide; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.12 - 0.20, PTH 0.10 - 0.13) and with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face weakly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process is reduced to a small convexity, shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.11, PPW 0.11 - 0.15), petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07 - 0.08, PTW 0.08 - 0.11), anterior and posterior margins of petiole weakly convex, and nearly straight in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae, and transversely rugose close to posterior margin of head. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate) and metapleuron (areolate and with longitudinal rugosities). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, dorsal face of promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; anterior margin of promesonotum, dorsum of propodeum and petiole finely areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head and scape with decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
23DB91A0A7E992EE570268F3A313EB03.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara kabosy was found in the north, northeastern and northwestern areas of Madagascar (Figure 68). The main habitats were montane forest, montane rainforest, rainforest, and tropical forest. C. kabosy is distributed at elevations ranging from 25 m to 1325 m. The specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler and pitfall traps. The microhabitats where it occurs include rotten logs, rotten tree stumps, sifted litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, under moss on rotten logs, and under stones.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
23DB91A0A7E992EE570268F3A313EB03.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Foret de Binara, 7.5 km 230 ° SW Daraina, - 13.255, 49.61667, 375 m, tropical dry forest, 1. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Antranohofa, 26.6 km 31 ° NNE Andapa, 10.7 km 318 ° NW Manantenina, - 14.44333, 49.74333, 1325 m, montane rainforest, 18. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret de Binara, 9.1 km 233 ° SW Daraina, - 13.26333, 49.60333, 800 m, rainforest, 3. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret de Binara, 9.4 km 235 ° SW Daraina, - 13.26333, 49.6, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 5. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35 ° NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327 ° NNW Manantenina, - 14.435, 49.76, 775 m, rainforest, 15 - 18. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38 ° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333 ° NNW Manantenina, - 14.43667, 49.775, 450 m, rainforest, 12 - 15. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Foret Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347 ° Antalaha, - 14.67933, 50.18367, 240 m, rainforest, 26. xi. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d' Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275 ° W Daraina, - 13.21167, 49.55667, 550 m, tropical dry forest, 14. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Ambre grand lac, - 12.59656, 49.15932, 1350 m, montane rainforest, 13. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Mahasarika, - 12.53176, 49.17662, 1135 m, montane rainforest, 19. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Roussettes, - 12.52574, 49.17238, 1025 m, montane rainforest, 15. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Crete, - 12.58132, 49.13368, 1110 m, montane rainforest, 13. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Antomboka, - 12.51269, 49.17807, 970 m, montane rainforest, 17. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Antomboka, - 12.51269, 49.17807, 970 m, montane rainforest, 16. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, Antomboka, - 12.51269, 49.17807, 970 m, montane rainforest, 19. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, - 12.51778, 49.17957, 1000 m, montane rainforest, 5. iii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.17066, 49.95409, 225 m, rainforest, 4. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, - 12.53417, 49.17607, 1325 m, montane rainforest, 12. iii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, - 12.51389, 49.17784, 984 m, montane rainforest, 23. ii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, - 12.51389, 49.17784, 984 m, montane rainforest, 25. ii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, - 12.51389, 49.17784, 984 m, montane rainforest, 26. ii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.17066, 49.95409, 225 m, rainforest, 4 - 6. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16044, 49.95216, 550 m, rainforest, 1 - 2. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.17066, 49.95409, 415 m, rainforest, 29. iv. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.16666, 49.95, 715 m, rainforest, 1 - 2. v. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest, - 14.17066, 49.95409, 415 m, rainforest, 28 - 29. iv. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.58487, 48.71818, 520 m, rainforest, 17. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.5888, 48.72864, 980 m, montane forest, 18. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.58745, 48.71419, 380 m, rainforest, 23. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Galoko chain, Mont Galoko, - 13.59358, 48.73157, 1100 m, montane forest, 22. ii. 2013, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Ampasindava, Foret d'Ambilanivy, 3.9 km 181 ° S Ambaliha, - 13.79861, 48.16167, 600 m, rainforest, 4 - 9. iii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, 12.2 km 211 ° SSW Joffreville, - 12.59639, 49.1595, 1300 m, montane rainforest, 2 - 7. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Antsiranana, Foret de Binara, 9.4 km 235 ° SW Daraina, - 13.26333, 49.6, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 6. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Speciale Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 ° SW Antanambao, - 13.99833, 48.42833, 1175 m, montane rainforest, 20. x. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina, - 15.58506, 50.00952, 825 m, rainforest, 2. xii. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 18.0 km 21 ° NNE Ambinanitelo, - 15.18833, 49.615, 470 m, rainforest, 8 - 12. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toamasina, Montagne d'Anjanaharibe, 19.5 km 27 ° NNE Ambinanitelo, - 15.17833, 49.635, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 12 - 16. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toamasina, Montagne d'Akirindro 7.6 km 341 ° NNW Ambinanitelo, - 15.28833, 49.54833, 600 m, rainforest, 17 - 21. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toamasina, Station Forestiere Analamazaotra, Analamazaotra 1.3 km S Andasibe, - 18.38466, 48.41271, 980 m, montane rainforest, 11 - 13. xii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river, - 16.77274, 49.26551, 450 m, rainforest, 20 - 22. ii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river, - 16.7633, 49.26692, 520 m, rainforest, 22 - 24. ii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river, - 16.81753, 49.29498, 360 m, rainforest, 25 - 27. ii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, - 15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, rainforest, 14. xi. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.77908, 48.36628, 1014 m, rainforest, 23 - 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 23 - 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0475CC191946A02A318E1D3C680D327D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head longer than wide, posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner of propodeum with small triangular teeth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face vertical and slightly convex; gaster with sparse, short appressed hairs, and dispersed longer suberect hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide, posterior margin of head nearly straight; propodeum slightly convex and declining posteriorly, nearly flat, posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a very small triangular tooth; gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs, and dispersed longer suberect hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0475CC191946A02A318E1D3C680D327D.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 36): HL 0.60 - 1.05 (0.72); HW 0.49 - 0.85 (0.56); SL 0.25 - 0.37 (0.28); ML 0.14 - 0.26 (0.19); EL 0.01 - 0.08 (0.03); EM 0.17 - 0.32 (0.20); HD 0.33 - 0.63 (0.40); WL 0.51 - 0.96 (0.60); PSL 0.05 - 0.12 (0.07); PW 0.30 - 0.57 (0.36); MFL 0.30 - 0.53 (0.33); MFW 0.07 - 0.12 (0.08); MTL 0.22 - 0.41 (0.27); PTL 0.19 - 0.39 (0.23); PNL 0.09 - 0.17 (0.10); PTH 0.10 - 0.26 (0.17); PTW 0.13 - 0.25 (0.15); PPL 0.12 - 0.22 (0.14); PPNL 0.11 - 0.21 (0.12); PPH 0.12 - 0.27 (0.15); PPW 0.17 - 0.36 (0.20); GL 0.42 - 1.40 (0.60); GW 0.41 - 0.88 (0.48); CI 75 - 90 (78); MI 22 - 27 (26); SI 32 - 43 (39), MLI 57 - 65 (59); PPLI 54 - 90 (61); PPI 117 - 150 (133); PSI 10 - 15 (13). Head longer than wide (CI 75 - 90), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide, slightly narrowed posteriorly. Posterior margin of head deeply concave, posterolateral corners well developed and rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, weakly concave, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.60 - 1.05, SL 0.25 - 0.37, SI 32 - 43) not surpassing cephalic midlength. Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of one to three ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.08). Supraclypeal area short and triangular. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small angulate triangular tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat, and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small laminate triangular tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and barely beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.12), and distance to declivity about 1.8 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, slightly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.19 - 0.39, PTH 0.10 - 0.26) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node vertical and weakly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, slightly larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.13 - 0.25, PPW 0.17 - 0.36) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.17, PTW 0.13 - 0.25), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin nearly straight, anterior margin of postpetiole concave, and convex posterior margin, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Dorsolateral faces of head with longitudinal rugae, gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae extending to posterior border of posterolateral corners. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and metapleuron, which are longitudinally areolate-rugose. Petiole, ventral face, and lateral margins of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, except for propodeum which is finely areolate. Lateral margins of head with short appressed hairs and long suberect hairs. Posterior margin of head with short and long suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with sparse and short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent to appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs and dispersed, long suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0475CC191946A02A318E1D3C680D327D.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 26): HL 0.32 - 0.38; HW 0.28 - 0.35; SL 0.20 - 0.24; ML 0.08 - 0.10; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.09 - 0.12; HD 0.20 - 0.23; WL 0.32 - 0.40; PSL 0.03 - 0.05; PW 0.11 - 0.20; MFL 0.20 - 0.25; MFW 0.05 - 0.06; MTL 0.15 - 0.19; PTL 0.11 - 0.14; PNL 0.05 - 0.07; PTH 0.09 - 0.11; PTW 0.08 - 0.09; PPL 0.07 - 0.10; PPNL 0.06 - 0.09; PPH 0.06 - 0.09; PPW 0.10 - 0.13; GL 0.26 - 0.39; GW 0.19 - 0.29; CI 83 - 95; MI 21 - 27; SI 60 - 65; MLI 65 - 78; PPLI 57 - 73; PPI 122 - 150; PSI 9 - 16. Head longer than wide (CI 83 - 95), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight to weakly concave medially, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.32 - 0.38, SL 0.20 - 0.24, SI 60 - 65). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but not well defined. In profile, promesonotum slightly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove present. Propodeum about 1.4 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat to weakly convex, and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small triangular tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost the same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.05), and distance to declivity less than half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, anterior margin of promesonotum convex, sides rounded and narrowed posteriorly, slightly longer than wide; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.11 - 0.14, PTH 0.09 - 0.11) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node weakly convex, anterodorsal corner convex and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, weakly shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node slightly wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.09, PPW 0.10 - 0.13), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.05 - 0.07, PTW 0.08 - 0.09), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin nearly straight, anterior and posterior margin of postpetiole nearly straight, sides of petiole and postpetiole rounded. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum, metapleuron and propodeum which are areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum and petiole areolate. Posterior and lateral margins of head with short decumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short suberect hairs and long erect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0475CC191946A02A318E1D3C680D327D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara lova is known only from Madagascar, distributed in the northwestern part of the island (Figure 68). This species occurs in the following ecosystems: gallery forest, gallery forest on sandy soil, rainforest and tropical dry forest. It was collected at elevations ranging from 30 m to 500 m. Individuals and colonies were found in sifted litter, rotten logs, leaf mold, and rotten wood. All specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler and pitfall traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0475CC191946A02A318E1D3C680D327D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Mahajanga: Parc National de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329 ° WNW Vilanandro, - 16.37667, 45.32667, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 8 - 12. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve Speciale de Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223 ° SW Besalampy, - 16.925, 44.36833, 30 m, tropical dry forest, 19 - 23. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317 ° NW Vilanandro, - 16.40667, 45.31, 100 m, tropical dry forest, 12 - 16. xi. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Foret de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46 ° NE de Tsaramandroso, - 16.22806, 47.14361, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 2 - 8. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Reserve d'Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13 ° NE de Tsaramandroso, - 16.26722, 47.04861, 210 m, tropical dry forest, 9 - 14. iv. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Mahajanga, Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145 ° SE Mitsinjo, - 16.05167, 45.90833, 20 m, gallery forest, 1 - 5. xii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F7D437754735DC6E1466A7C8C34F8E6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head slightly longer than wide, nearly subquadrate, lateral margins strongly convex; posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum weakly convex, nearly flat; posterodorsal corner of propodeum with a pair of laminate triangular teeth; petiolar node thick, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave and posterior face vertical and weakly convex; gaster with short appressed hairs. Minor: Head slightly longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly; lateral margins of head slightly convex; posterior margin of head straight; dorsum of propodeum medially concave, posterodorsal corner with a pair of laminate triangular teeth; petiolar node thick, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave in the middle, dorsum slightly convex; gaster with short appressed hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F7D437754735DC6E1466A7C8C34F8E6C.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 2): HL 0.65 - 0.75 (0.65); HW 0.58 - 0.65 (0.58); SL 0.31 - 0.32 (0.32); ML 0.15; EL 0.02 - 0.03 (0.02); EM 0.20 - 0.21 (0.20); HD 0.38 - 0.42 (0.38); WL 0.56 - 0.61 (0.56); PSL 0.08 - 0.09 (0.09); PW 0.30 - 0.36 (0.30); MFL 0.34 - 0.37 (0.34); MFW 0.07 - 0.09 (0.07); MTL 0.27 - 0.31 (0.27); PTL 0.22 - 0.25 (0.22); PNL 0.09 - 0.11 (0.09); PTH 0.17 - 0.18 (0.17); PTW 0.12 - 0.15 (0.12); PPL 0.13 - 0.14 (0.14); PPNL 0.10 - 0.13 (0.10); PPH 0.12; PPW 0.17 - 0.20 (0.17); GL 0.49 - 0.62 (0.49); GW 0.45 - 0.54 (0.45); CI 87 - 88 (88); MI 20 - 23 (23); SI 41 - 49 (49); MLI 57 - 59 (59), PPLI 52 - 64 (64); PPI 133 - 142 (142); PSI 12 - 16 (16). Head slightly longer than wide (CI 87 - 88), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head deeply concave in the middle, posterolateral corners well developed and rounded, lateral margins strongly convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally convex. Ocelli present or absent. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.65 - 0.75, SL 0.31 - 0.32, SI 41 - 49). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area acutely triangular and well defined. In profile view, promesonotum high and strongly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed, propodeum about 1.8 times higher than long, and lower than promesonotum, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular laminate tooth, anterodorsal corner slightly convex, declivity weakly concave, nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 3.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.08 - 0.09), and distance to declivity about 2.2 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.22 - 0.25, PTH 0.17 - 0.18) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, anterodorsal corner strongly convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process absent, when present, reduced to a small convexity. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.15, PPW 0.17 - 0.20) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.11, PTW 0.12 - 0.15), anterior margin of petiole straight, posterior margin convex, anterior margin of postpetiole concave and posterior margin convex, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and the median portion of the frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with finely longitudinal and parallel rugae, except for median area and near posterior margin, gena with longitudinal rugae, extending to eye level, frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae, extending to antennae level. In profile, posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except katepisternum and metapleuron (areolate-rugose), and propodeum (areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny except for propodeum which is areolate. Lateral margins of head with short appressed hairs, posterior margin with short and long subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short and sparse appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with short appressed hairs. Gaster with short appressed hairs and sparse and long decumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F7D437754735DC6E1466A7C8C34F8E6C.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 7): HL 0.37 - 0.46; HW 0.32 - 0.42; SL 0.23 - 0.29; ML 0.09 - 0.11; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.11 - 0.15; HD 0.22 - 0.29; WL 0.35 - 0.46; PSL 0.04 - 0.06; PW 0.19 - 0.24; MFL 0.22 - 0.31; MFW 0.05 - 0.07; MTL 0.17 - 0.25, PTL 0.13 - 0.18; PNL 0.06 - 0.08; PTH 0.10 - 0.13; PTW 0.08 - 0.10; PPL 0.08 - 0.10; PPNL 0.07 - 0.10; PPH 0.07 - 0.10; PPW 0.11 - 0.15; GL 0.30 - 0.45; GW 0.23 - 0.35; CI 86 - 93; MI 22 - 26; SI 61 - 66, MLI 69 - 74; PPLI 56 - 63; PPI 130 - 150; PSI 11 - 14. Head longer than wide (CI 86 - 93), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide and slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.37 - 0.46, SL 0.23 - 0.29, SI 61 - 66). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.1 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum weakly convex and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a laminate triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner rounded and at same height as posterodorsal corner of promesonotum, declivity flat to slightly convex with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about three times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.06), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded, narrowed posteriorly, slightly longer than wide; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.13 - 0.18, PTH 0.10 - 0.13) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node slightly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process is reduced to a small convexity, not longer than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.10, PPW 0.11 - 0.15), and petiolar node as wide as long, anterior margin of petiole strongly convex, posterior margin rounded, anterior margin of postpetiole nearly straight, posterior margin rounded, sides convex in petiole and postpetiole, narrowed posteriorly in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron and propodeum (finely areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny except for propodeum which is areolate. Lateral margins of head with short appressed hairs, posterior margin with short subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole, postpetiole, tibia and gaster with short appressed hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F7D437754735DC6E1466A7C8C34F8E6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara mahafaly is known from two localities in the center of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species occurs in the rainforest and montane rainforest and was found at elevations of 780 m and 1300 m. Individuals and colonies were collected in sifted litter, leaf mold and rotten wood. Specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler and pitfall traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
F7D437754735DC6E1466A7C8C34F8E6C.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Toamasina: Parc National de Zahamena, Onibe River, - 17.75908, 48.85468, 780 m, rainforest, 21 - 23. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
322327051B18B2ABD9A07A35F425E557.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins weakly convex and narrowed at the top, posterolateral corners well developed, posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum convex, posterodorsal corner angulate; gaster with short decumbent hairs and sparse longer subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head slightly longer than wide, promesonotum weakly convex; dorsum of propodeum convex, posterodorsal corner angulate; gaster with short decumbent hairs, and sparse longer subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
322327051B18B2ABD9A07A35F425E557.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 16): HL 0.56 - 1.02 (0.75); HW 0.46 - 0.80 (0.59); SL 0.25 - 0.37 (0.28); ML 0.13 - 0.27 (0.18); EL 0.01 - 0.05 (0.01); EM 0.14 - 0.30 (0.22); HD 0.30 - 0.59 (0.41); WL 0.48 - 0.91 (0.62); PSL 0.04 - 0.10 (0.05); PW 0.28 - 0.55 (0.38); MFL 0.27 - 0.53 (0.36); MFW 0.06 - 0.12 (0.07); MTL 0.19 - 0.45 (0.26); PTL 0.17 - 0.36 (0.25); PNL 0.08 - 0.14 (0.10); PTH 0.13 - 0.25 (0.18); PTW 0.12 - 0.23 (0.15); PPL 0.11 - 0.20 (0.14); PPNL 0.10 - 0.20 (0.12); PPH 0.11 - 0.25 (0.15); PPW 0.16 - 0.32 (0.20); GL 0.38 - 1.15 (0.62); GW 0.39 - 0.94 (0.57); CI 73 - 83 (79); MI 20 - 26 (24); SI 35 - 69 (37); MLI 58 - 69 (61); PPLI 55 - 71 (56); PPI 129 - 150 (133); PSI 8 - 13 (8). Head longer than wide (CI 73 - 83), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide, narrowed at the top. Posterior margin of head deeply concave, posterolateral corners well developed and rounded, lateral margins weakly convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally convex. Ocelli present or absent. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.56 - 1.02, SL 0.25 - 0.37, SI 35 - 69). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.05). Supraclypeal area short and triangular, but shallowly impressed. In profile, promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.6 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum weakly convex and declining posteriorly, propodeum unarmed, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corner angulate, declivity weakly concave. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.10), and distance to declivity about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, narrowed posteriorly, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.17 - 0.36, PTH 0.13 - 0.25) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face slightly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and nearly straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, slightly larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.23, PPW 0.16 - 0.32) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.08 - 0.14, PTW 0.12 - 0.23), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides convex in petiole and nearly rounded in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with finely longitudinal rugae directed toward posterior margin of head. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate-rugose) and metapleuron (areolate with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short subdecumbent hairs and longer suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with short and appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent to appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs, and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
322327051B18B2ABD9A07A35F425E557.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 15): HL 0.33 - 0.37; HW 0.29 - 0.33; SL 0.19 - 0.24; ML 0.08 - 0.09; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.09 - 0.12; HD 0.19 - 0.22; WL 0.33 - 0.37; PSL 0.02 - 0.04; PW 0.17 - 0.20; MFL 0.19 - 0.25; MFW 0.04 - 0.06; MTL 0.14 - 0.18; PTL 0.11 - 0.14; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.09 - 0.10; PTW 0.07 - 0.08; PPL 0.07 - 0.08; PPNL 0.06 - 0.08; PPH 0.06 - 0.08; PPW 0.10 - 0.12; GL 0.26 - 0.34; GW 0.21 - 0.28; CI 86 - 94; MI 22 - 26; SI 57 - 65; MLI 66 - 76; PPLI 54 - 73; PPI 125 - 150; PSI 6 - 13. Head longer than wide (CI 86 - 94), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin slightly convex, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus straight, and laterally with a laminate angulate tooth. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.33 - 0.37, SL 0.19 - 0.24, SI 57 - 65). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area short and triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove weakly impressed. Propodeum about 1.6 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex and declining posteriorly, propodeum unarmed, anterodorsal corner slightly convex, posterodorsal corner angulate, declivity nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to postedorsal corner of propodeum and to declivity almost the same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.04). In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.1 times longer than wide, anterior margin and sides of promesonotum nearly rounded, and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole slightly longer than high (PTL 0.11 - 0.14, PTH 0.09 - 0.10) and with a short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node weakly concave, posterior face of node slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, slightly smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.07 - 0.08, PPW 0.10 - 0.12), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.07, PTW 0.07 - 0.08), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides nearly rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate) and metapleuron (finely areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, except for propodeum and petiole which are weakly areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with decumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole, and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs and sparse long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
322327051B18B2ABD9A07A35F425E557.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara malagasy is known from the north of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species was found in littoral rainforest and tropical dry forest and collected at elevations ranging from 25 m to 500 m. Individuals and colonies were found under stones, in leaf mold and rotten wood. Specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler and pitfall traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
322327051B18B2ABD9A07A35F425E557.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Foret d'Ampondrabe, 26.3 km 10 ° NNE Daraina, - 12.97, 49.7, 175 m, tropical dry forest, 10. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d'Analabe, 30.0 km 72 ° ENE Daraina, - 13.08333, 49.90833, 30 m, littoral rainforest, 27. xi. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret de Binara, 7.5 km 230 ° SW Daraina, - 13.255, 49.61667, 375 m, tropical dry forest, 1. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d' Antsahabe, 11.4 km 275 ° W Daraina, - 13.21167, 49.55667, 550 m, tropical dry forest, 12. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Analamerana, 16.7 km 123 ° Anivorano-Nord, - 12.80467, 49.37383, 225 m, tropical dry forest, 3. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Reserve Analamerana, 28.4 km 99 ° Anivorano-Nord, - 12.74667, 49.49483, 60 m, tropical dry forest, 5. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret d'Ampombofofo, - 12.09949, 49.33874, 25 m, littoral forest, 21 - 22. xi. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Foret d'Orangea, 3.6 km 128 ° SE Remena, - 12.25889, 49.37467, 90 m, littoral rainforest, 22 - 28. ii. 2001, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
76B10BA201626227DD49D1482735C1BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight, posterior margin of head concave to deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; head with longitudinal and parallel rugae, except the frons; gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs, and long subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin of head nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum weakly convex, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; gaster with short subdecumbent to decumbent hairs and dispersed long suberect or subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
76B10BA201626227DD49D1482735C1BA.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 41): HL 0.57 - 1.06; HW 0.50 - 0.86; SL 0.26 - 0.40; ML 0.12 - 0.28; EL 0.01 - 0.10; EM 0.17 - 0.28; HD 0.33 - 0.63; WL 0.49 - 0.99; PSL 0.05 - 0.14; PW 0.30 - 0.57; MFL 0.28 - 0.57; MFW 0.07 - 0.13; MTL 0.20 - 0.45; PTL 0.18 - 0.38; PNL 0.07 - 0.15; PTH 0.14 - 0.25; PTW 0.11 - 0.23; PPL 0.11 - 0.23; PPNL 0.10 - 0.21; PPH 0.07 - 0.26; PPW 0.15 - 0.33; GL 0.40 - 1.10; GW 0.35 - 1; CI 78 - 92; MI 18 - 29; SI 37 - 49; MLI 52 - 70; PPLI 53 - 79; PPI 126 - 167; PSI 10 - 16. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 78 - 92), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners well developed, and rounded, lateral margins nearly straight. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus weakly concave in the middle, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten or eleven segments (larger major workers). Scapes short (HL 0.57 - 1.06, SL 0.26 - 0.40, SI 37 - 49). Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of one to ten ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.10). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with (larger major workers) or without (smaller major workers) a small, obtuse tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum and about 1.8 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat, sometimes weakly concave, and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a laminate triangular tooth, declivity weakly concave, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes nearly rounded. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.14), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides of rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.18 - 0.38, PTH 0.14 - 0.25) and with a relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outile of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and weakly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node not as broad as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.11 - 0.23, PPW 0.15 - 0.33) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07 - 0.15, PTW 0.11 - 0.23), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae in direction of posterior margin of head, and rugoreticulate close to posterior margin of head. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (finely areolate and with longitudinal rugae), and propodeum (areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum smooth and shiny medially, as well as postpetiole and gaster; propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long suberect hairs. Posterior margin of head with short subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with short decumbent or appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long erect or suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent to appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
76B10BA201626227DD49D1482735C1BA.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 17): HL 0.35 - 0.42; HW 0.32 - 0.38; SL 0.20 - 0.27; ML 0.08 - 0.11; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.10 - 0.13; HD 0.22 - 0.27; WL 0.35 - 0.44; PSL 0.03 - 0.06; PW 0.19 - 0.23; MFL 0.20 - 0.28; MFW 0.05 - 0.07; MTL 0.16 - 0.22, PTL 0.13 - 0.16; PNL 0.06 - 0.08; PTH 0.10 - 0.12; PTW 0.08 - 0.10; PPL 0.08 - 0.10; PPNL 0.07 - 0.09; PPH 0.08 - 0.09; PPW 0.11 - 0.14; GL 0.28 - 0.43; GW 0.22 - 0.30; CI 86 - 92; MI 19 - 28; SI 57 - 64; MLI 63 - 78; PPLI 53 - 77; PPI 120 - 150; PSI 9 - 17. Head longer than wide (CI 86 - 92), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.35 - 0.42, SL 0.20 - 0.27, SI 57 - 64). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular. In profile, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat, weakly convex, and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular laminate tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes nearly rounded. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.06), and distance to declivity about half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.2 times longer than wide, anterior margin nearly rounded and sides convex, and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.13 - 0.16, PTH 0.10 - 0.12) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.10, PPW 0.11 - 0.14), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.08, PTW 0.08 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margin of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum, metapleuron and propodeum which are areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent or appressed hairs posterior margin of head with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with decumbent or appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent to appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant, short, subdecumbent to decumbent hairs and dispersed, long, suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
76B10BA201626227DD49D1482735C1BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara nosindambo is a widespread species found in the east, central and southwestern parts of Madagascar (Figure 69). Specimens were found in the following habitats: disturbed gallery, montane forest, ericoid thickets on sand, grassland, littoral forest, littoral rainforest, transition to montane forest, montane forest, montane rainforest, marsh edge, montane shrubland, park / garden, and rainforest. C. nosindambo was found at elevations ranging from 10 m to 1580 m, and specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler traps, Berlese funnels, and pitfall traps. Individuals and colonies were found in sifted litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, rotten logs, root matter of Asplenium sp. (using Berlese trap), under stones, in ground nests, sifted litter, dead tree stumps, dead twigs above ground, and leaf litter.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
76B10BA201626227DD49D1482735C1BA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo: Tsimbazaza, - 18.928, 47.527, 1300 m, park / garden, 16. xii. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo, Foret de galerie, Telomirahavavy, 23.4 km NNE Ankazobe, - 18.12167, 47.20627, 1520 m, disturbed gallery montane forest, 3 - 4. vi. 2008, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo, Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely, - 18.18762, 47.28576, 1580 m, montane forest, 08. iii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo, Mandraka Park, - 18.9019, 47.90786, 1360 m, montane shrubland, 11. iii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa: Foret d'Atsirakambiaty, 7.6 km 285 ° WNW Itremo, - 20.59333, 46.56333, 1550 m, montane rainforest, 22 - 26. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231 ° SW Ranomafana, - 21.29, 47.43333, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 27 - 31. iii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Fianarantsoa, 7.6 km 122 ° Kianjavato, Foret Classee Vatovavy, - 21.4, 47.94, 175 m, rainforest, 6 - 8. vi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Forestiere d'Agnalazaha, Mahabo, 42.9 km 215 ° Farafangana, - 23.19383, 47.723, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 19. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Speciale Manombo 24.5 km 228 ° Farafangana, - 23.01583, 47.719, 30 m, rainforest, 20. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); [Imerina], (Camboue); Fianarantsoa, Foret de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293 ° Farafangana, - 22.791, 47.18183, 600 m, rainforest, transition to montane forest, 23. iv. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, 43 km S Ambalavao, Reserve Andringitra, - 22.23333, 47, 825 m, rainforest, 5. x. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 45 km S. Ambalavao, - 22.21667, 47.01667, 785 m, rainforest, 25. ix. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Speciale Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe, - 22.47, 46.96, 900 m, rainforest, 7 - 12. x. 1997, (B. L. Fisher (Sylvain )); Fianarantsoa, 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, - 22.42667, 46.93833, 900 m, rainforest, 12 - 17. xi. 1997, (B. L. Fisher (Sylvain )); Fianarantsoa, 43 km S Ambalavao, Reserve Andringitra, - 22.23333, 47, 825 m, rainforest, 4. x. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina: Station forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., - 17.2825, 49.43, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 10. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Analamay, - 18.80623, 48.33707, 1068 m, montane rainforest, 21. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57 ° Moramanga, - 18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 21. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Parcelle K 7 Tampolo, - 17.28333, 49.41667, 10 m, littoral forest, 16. iv. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Parcelle K 9 Tampolo, - 17.175, 49.268, 10 m, littoral forest, 19. iv. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Parcelle E 3 Tampolo, - 17.28104, 49.43012, 10 m, littoral forest, 14. iv. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Torotorofotsy, - 18.87082, 48.34737, 1070 m, montane rainforest, marsh edge, 24. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Torotorofotsy, - 18.87082, 48.34737, 1070 m, montane rainforest, marsh edge, 29. iii. 2004, (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, Reserve Betampona, Camp Vohitsivalana, 37.1 km 338 ° Toamasina, - 17.88667, 49.2025, 520 m, rainforest, 1 - 3. xii. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ile Sainte Marie, Foret Kalalao, 9.9 km 34 ° Ambodifotatra, - 16.9225, 49.88733, 100 m, rainforest, 24 - 27. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Analamazaotra, Parc National, Andasibe, - 18.92778, 48.41833, 947 m, 7. i. 2006, (A. Ballerio); Toamasina, Reserve Betampona, Camp Rendrirendry 34.1 km 332 ° Toamasina, - 17.924, 49.19967, 390 m, rainforest, 28. xi. 2005, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Mahavelona (Foulpointe), - 17.66667, 49.5, 1. xi. 1985, (A. Pauly); Toamasina, Mahavelona (Foulpointe), - 17.66667, 49.5, 25. xii. 1993, (A. Pauly); [Mangoro ufer], (Sikora); [Mangoro ufer, 25], (Sikora); Toamasina, Foret Ambatovy, 14.3 km 57 ° Moramanga, - 18.85083, 48.32, 1075 m, montane rainforest, 18. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, - 18.84773, 48.29568, 1000 m, grassland, 5 - 8. iii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, - 18.84963, 48.2947, 1010 m, montane rainforest, 3 - 6. iii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ambatovy, 12.4 km NE Moramanga, - 18.83937, 48.30842, 1080 m, montane rainforest, 4 - 7. iii. 2007, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, - 15.6813, 49.958, 25 m, rainforest, 14. xi. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, - 15.67133, 49.97395, 425 m, rainforest, 21. xi. 1993, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Station forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., - 17.2825, 49.43, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 4. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Station forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., - 17.2825, 49.43, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 6. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, - 18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 21 - 24. i. 2009, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, - 18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 18 - 21. i. 1999, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Andriantantely, - 18.695, 48.81333, 530 m, rainforest, 7 - 10. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, - 18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 18 - 24. i. 1999, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Foret classee Andriantantely, - 18.695, 48.81333, 530 m, rainforest, 4 - 7. xii. 1998, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Sahafina forest 11.4 km W Brickaville, - 18.81445, 48.96205, 140 m, rainforest, 13 - 14. xii. 2007. (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National de Zahamena, Tetezambatana forest, near junction of Nosivola and Manakambahiny Rivers, - 17.74298, 48.72936, 860 m, rainforest, 18 - 19. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National de Zahamena, Onibe River, - 17.75908, 48.85468, 780 m, rainforest, 21 - 23. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Speciale Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river, - 16.7702, 49.26638, 470 m, rainforest, 23. ii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, - 18.80388, 48.40506, 1013 m, rainforest, 12 - 19. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Foret classee Sandranantitra, - 18.04833, 49.09167, 450 m, rainforest, 21 - 24. i. 1999, (H. J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 27. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 25. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.4104, 48.8189, 855 m, rainforest, 22 - 27. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.40062, 48.81311, 865 m, rainforest, 17 - 18. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.4061, 48.82029, 725 m, rainforest, 16. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.40829, 48.82107, 750 m, rainforest, 21 - 22. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.4061, 48.82029, 725 m, rainforest, 16 - 21. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Ankerana, - 18.40829, 48.82107, 750 m, rainforest, 21 - 26. i. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, - 18.80424, 48.40081, 968 m, rainforest, 12 - 19. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76087, 48.37128, 1044 m, rainforest, 29. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 26. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.77908, 48.36628, 1014 m, rainforest, 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambatoharanana, - 18.80398, 48.40358, 1064 m, rainforest, 12 - 19. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, - 18.76465, 48.41938, 1039 m, rainforest, 2 - 7. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, - 18.76124, 48.42134, 939 m, rainforest, 2 - 7. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana, - 18.76465, 48.41938, 1039 m, rainforest, 4 - 5. xii. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76131, 48.36437, 983 m, rainforest, 23 - 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Ambohibolakely, - 18.76087, 48.37128, 1044 m, rainforest, 23 - 28. xi. 2012, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara: Parc National Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3 km NW Tolagnaro, - 24.7585, 46.85367, 275 m, rainforest, 23. xi. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, 11 km NW Enakara, Reserve Andohahela, - 24.56667, 46.83333, 800 m, rainforest, 17. xi. 1992, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, 10 km NW Enakara, Reserve Andohahela, - 24.56667, 46.81667, 430 m, rainforest, 22. xi. 1992, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Mandena, 8.4 km NNE 30 ° Tolagnaro, - 24.95167, 47.00167, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 20. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, 2.7 km WNW 302 ° Ste. Luce, - 24.77167, 47.17167, 20 m, littoral rainforest, 9 - 11. xii. 1998, (B. L. Fisher (J. - Baptiste )); Toliara, Foret de Petriky, 12.5 km W 272 ° Tolagnaro, - 25.06167, 46.87, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 22. xi. 1998, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Parc National Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3 km NW Tolagnaro, - 24.7585, 46.85367, 275 m, rainforest, 28. xi. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Manatantely, 8.9 km NW Tolagnaro, - 24.9815, 46.92567, 100 m, rainforest, 27 - 28. xi. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Foret Ivohibe 55.0 km N Tolagnaro, - 24.569, 47.204. 200 m, rainforest, 2 - 4. xii. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Parc National Andohahela, Col de Tanatana, 33.3 km NW Tolagnaro, - 24.7585, 46.85367, 275 m, rainforest, 22 - 24. xi. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Grand Lavasoa, 25.9 km W Tolagnaro, - 25.08767, 46.749, 450 m, rainforest, 30. xi. - 2. xii. 2006, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo, - 23.45373, 46.45773, 1345 m, grassland, 11. ii. 2009, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Parc National d'Andohahela, Manampanihy River, 5.4 km 113 ° ESE Mahamavo, 36.7 km 343 ° NNW Tolagnaro, - 24.76389, 46.76683, 650 m, rainforest, 24. i. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret Classee d'Analavelona, 29.2 km 343 ° NNW Mahaboboka, - 22.675, 44.19, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 18 - 22. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0103260B400D1F5E59F99FC3AE432E85.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterolateral corners well developed and rounded, posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum flat, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; gaster with very short decumbent or appressed hairs, and sparse, longer suberect hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide, posterior margin of head nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum weakly convex, posterodorsal corner with a pair of laminate, small, upwardly directed triangular teeth; gaster with short decumbent hairs and sparse, longer suberect to subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0103260B400D1F5E59F99FC3AE432E85.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 20): HL 0.62 - 1.10 (1.04); HW 0.54 - 0.94 (0.87); SL 0.27 - 0.42 (0.38); ML 0.15 - 0.27 (0.23); EL 0.01 - 0.15 (0.05); EM 0.18 - 0.29 (0.28); HD 0.36 - 0.68 (0.65); WL 0.52 - 1.02 (0.92); PSL 0.07 - 0.15 (0.13); PW 0.31 - 0.58 (0.55); MFL 0.30 - 0.58 (0.54), MFW 0.08 - 0.13 (0.12); MTL 0.24 - 0.46 (0.43), PTL 0.20 - 0.37 (0.35); PNL 0.07 - 0.14 (0.12); PTH 0.15 - 0.28 (0.24); PTW 0.13 - 0.24 (0.22); PPL 0.12 - 0.23 (0.19); PPNL 0.11 - 0.20 (0.17); PPH 0.08 - 0.26 (0.25); PPW 0.18 - 0.33 (0.30); GL 0.43 - 1.01 (0.92); GW 0.39 - 0.87 (0.80); CI 82 - 89 (84); MI 22 - 27 (22); SI 37 - 47 (37); MLI 55 - 64 (62); PPLI 54 - 67 (54); PPI 125 - 143 (136); PSI 12 - 16 (15). Head slightly longer than wide (CI 82 - 89), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head deeply concave, posterolateral corners well developed and rounded, lateral margins straight and parallel. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally convex. Ocelli present or absent. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.62 - 1.10, SL 0.27 - 0.42, SI 0.01 - 0.15). Eyes present, consisting of one to 15 ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.15). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small angulate tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, promesonotal suture present or absent, when present, weakly impressed on dorsum, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with an acute triangular tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost 3.2 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.07), and distance to declivity about 2.2 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.20 - 0.37, PTH 0.15 - 0.28) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex at center. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight, weakly concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal corner weakly convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum narrow and rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, slightly smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node almost as wide as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.13 - 0.24, PPW 0.18 - 0.33) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07 - 0.14, PTW 0.13 - 0.24), anterior margin of petiole weakly concave, and concave in postpetiole, posterior margin of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with fine longitudinal rugae directed to posterior margin of head, and rugoreticulate close to posterior margin of head. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Sides of pronotum finely areolate, mesonotum and anepisternum smooth and shiny, katepisternum and metapleuron areolate-rugose. Pronotum finely areolate. Petiole, ventral face and sides of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short appressed hairs and long erect to suberect hairs, posterior margin with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short suberect hairs and long erect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short to very short appressed or decumbent hairs and dispersed, long suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0103260B400D1F5E59F99FC3AE432E85.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 9): HL 0.35 - 0.43; HW 0.31 - 0.38; SL 0.21 - 0.27; ML 0.09 - 0.11; EL 0.02; EM 0.09 - 0.12; HD 0.21 - 0.27; WL 0.35 - 0.44; PSL 0.04 - 0.06; PW 0.19 - 0.24; MFL 0.22 - 0.28; MFW 0.05 - 0.07; MTL 0.15 - 0.21, PTL 0.12 - 0.15; PNL 0.06 - 0.08; PTH 0.10 - 0.13; PTW 0.08 - 0.11; PPL 0.07 - 0.10; PPNL 0.06 - 0.09; PPH 0.07 - 0.09; PPW 0.11 - 0.14; GL 0.30 - 0.42, GW 0.22 - 0.32; CI 86 - 93; MI 23 - 26; SI 60 - 65; MLI 66 - 78, PPLI 57 - 77; PPI 120 - 147; PSI 11 - 15. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 86 - 93), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, weakly concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, nearly straight, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach posterior margin of head (HL 0.35 - 0.43, SL 0.21 - 0.27, SI 60 - 65). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.4 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex, and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a laminate triangular and small tooth, declivity weakly convex, nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum almost twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.06), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.1 times longer than wide, anterior margin weakly convex, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.12 - 0.15, PTH 0.10 - 0.13) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost the same as half the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.11, PPW 0.11 - 0.14), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.08, PTW 0.08 - 0.11), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny except for mesopleuron and propodeum (areolate) and metapleuron (areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with decumbent hairs, posterior margin with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0103260B400D1F5E59F99FC3AE432E85.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara omasi was collected in the central and southwestern parts of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species occurs in disturbed gallery montane forest, montane rainforest and Uapaca woodland, and was collected at elevations ranging from 1050 m to 1491 m. Individuals and colonies were found in rotten logs, leaf mold and rotten wood. They were collected using maxi-Winkler traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
0103260B400D1F5E59F99FC3AE432E85.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo: Foret de galerie, Andranorovitra, 24.0 km NNE Ankazobe, - 18.11243, 47.19757, 1491 m, disturbed gallery montane forest, 2 - 3. vi. 2008, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo, Ankalalahana, - 19.00659, 47.1122, 1375 m, Uapaca woodland, 29 - 31. iii. 2011, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara: Foret Classee d'Analavelona, 29.4 km 343 ° NNW Mahaboboka, - 22.675, 44.18667, 1050 m, montane rainforest, 21. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Speciale d'Ambohijanahary, Foret d'Ankazotsihitafototra, 35.2 km 312 ° NW Ambaravaranala, - 18.26667, 45.40667, 1050 m, montane rainforest, 13 - 17. i. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret Classee d'Analavelona, 29.2 km 343 ° NNW Mahaboboka, - 22.675, 44.19, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 18 - 22. ii. 2003, (Fisher, Griswold et al.).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
69B234EBC084FB3A2B5CBD92F5C5C3E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum flat, posterodorsal corner of propodeum angulate; head with longitudinal rugae. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, slightly longer than wide; dorsum of promesonotum and propodeum weakly convex, posterodorsal corner convex; petiolar node roundly prominent; gaster with abundant short suberect hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
69B234EBC084FB3A2B5CBD92F5C5C3E2.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 2): HL 0.73 - 1.20 (0.73); HW 0.55 - 0.95 (0.55); SL 0.29 - 0.44 (0.29); ML 0.14 - 0.29 (0.14); EL 0.01 - 0.05 (0.01); EM 0.24 - 0.39 (0.24); HD 0.38 - 0.68 (0.38); WL 0.62 - 1.16 (0.62); PSL 0.04 - 0.11 (0.04); PW 0.36 - 0.64 (0.36); MFL 0.33 - 0.65 (0.33); MFW 0.09 - 0.15 (0.09); MTL 0.25 - 0.54 (0.25); PTL 0.18 - 0.36 (0.18); PNL 0.10 - 0.20 (0.10); PTH 0.14 - 0.25 (0.14); PTW 0.12 - 0.24 (0.12); PPL 0.12 - 0.20 (0.12); PPNL 0.12 - 0.18 (0.12); PPH 0.12 - 0.24 (0.12); PPW 0.17 - 0.29 (0.17); GL 0.39 - 1.05 (0.39); GW 0.40 - 0.87 (0.40); CI 76 - 79 (76); MI 19 - 24 (19); SI 37 - 40 (40); MLI 60 - 68 (60); PPLI 56 - 67 (67); PPI 121 - 142 (142); PSI 7 - 12 (7). Head slightly longer than wide (CI 76 - 79), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head deeply concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave in the middle, nearly straight, and laterally convex. Ocelli present or absent. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.73 - 1.20, SL 0.29 - 0.44, SI 37 - 40). Eyes present, consisting of fifteen to thirty ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.05). Supraclypeal area acutely triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small triangular tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum convex, (metanotum present in larger major workers), dorsum of mesonotum slightly convex, promesonotal suture present on dorsum, metanotal groove deeply impressed, propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.6 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex, nearly flat, and declining posteriorly; posterodorsal corners of propodeum angulate (more noticeable in larger major workers); anterodorsal corner nearly rounded; declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, (closer to mid-length and mid-height in larger major workers), distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.04 - 0.11), and distance to declivity less than half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, sides weakly convex in larger major workers; sides of propodeum convex, and straight in larger major workers. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.18 - 0.36, PTH 0.14 - 0.25) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face slightly convex, nearly flat. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior face of node convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner convex, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as denticle, barely larger than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node slightly wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.24, PPW 0.17 - 0.29) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.10 - 0.20, PTW 012 - 0.24), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin straight, anterior and posterior margin of postpetiole straight, sides nearly rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and supraclypeal area smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal rugae directed to the posterior margin, gena with well-developed and longitudinal rugae. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum with longitudinal rugae, smooth and shiny on larger major workers. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and sides of propodeum (areolate) and metapleuron (finely areolate and with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole finely areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins of the head with short and long erect to suberect hairs, posterior margin with suberect hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short decumbent and appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long erect to suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short subdecumbent hairs and longer suberect hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs, and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
69B234EBC084FB3A2B5CBD92F5C5C3E2.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 2): HL 0.40 - 0.41; HW 0.38; SL 0.26 - 0.27; ML 0.10 - 0.13; EL 0.01; EM 0.13; HD 0.25; WL 0.45 - 0.47; PSL 0.02 - 0.03; PW 0.22 - 0.24; MFL 0.26; MFW 0.07 - 0.08; MTL 0.21; PTL 0.13 - 0.14; PNL 0.08 - 0.09; PTH 0.11; PTW 0.08 - 0.09; PPL 0.09; PPNL 0.09; PPH 0.09; PPW 0.12 - 0.13; GL 0.32 - 0.34, GW 0.30 - 0.33; CI 93 - 95; MI 24 - 33; SI 65 - 66; MLI 68; PPLI 64 - 69; PPI 133 - 163; PSI 5 - 8. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 93 - 95), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.40 - 0.41, SL 0.26 - 0.27, SI 65 - 66). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly straight, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.2 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum weakly convex, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner unarmed (nearly convex), declivity slightly concave, nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.03). In dorsal view, promesonotum slightly longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.13 - 0.14, PTH 0.11) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Petiolar node thick, combined outline of dorsal surface of node and anterior face of node medially concave, posterior margin slightly convex, anterodorsal corner convex and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost the same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node strongly convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.09, PPW 0.12 - 0.13), and petiolar node as wide as long (PNL 0.08 - 0.09, PTW 0.08 - 0.09), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin nearly straight, anterior and posterior margins of postpetiole straight, sides convex in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and metapleuron which are finely areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole finely areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins, posterior margin of head, scape and outer margin of mandible with suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Mesosoma with erect to suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant suberect hairs. Color yellowish.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
69B234EBC084FB3A2B5CBD92F5C5C3E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara placida is known only from one locality in southeastern Madagascar (Figure 69). Individuals of this species occur in rainforest and transition to montane forest at an elevation of 600 m, and were collected under stones.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
95157889B73125E1D5C1B3F600123230.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins nearly straight, posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, slightly convex in the anterodorsal corner, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth; gaster with short decumbent hairs, and longer subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head longer than wide, lateral margins slightly convex, posterior margin of head nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth, gaster with short decumbent hairs and dispersed, longer subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
95157889B73125E1D5C1B3F600123230.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 16): HL 0.59 - 1.12 (0.77); HW 0.46 - 0.89 (0.57); SL 0.25 - 0.38 (0.28); ML 0.12 - 0.27 (0.15); EL 0.01 - 0.09 (0.01); EM 0.16 - 0.28 (0.21); HD 0.30 - 0.67 (0.39); WL 0.49 - 0.95 (0.60); PSL 0.06 - 0.12 (0.08); PW 0.28 - 0.52 (0.36); MFL 0.30 - 0.55 (0.37); MFW 0.08 - 0.13 (0.09); MTL 0.22 - 0.46 (0.29); PTL 0.17 - 0.39 (0.22); PNL 0.08 - 0.14 (0.09); PTH 0.15 - 0.26 (0.18); PTW 0.13 - 0.23 (0.18); PPL 0.11 - 0.21 (0.15); PPNL 0.10 - 0.19 (0.12); PPH 0.11 - 0.24 (0.16); PPW 0.17 - 0.29 (0.23); GL 0.45 - 1.05 (0.64); GW 0.36 - 0.79 (0.47); CI 74 - 81 (74); MI 18 - 25 (19); SI 34 - 46 (36); MLI 56 - 65 (65); PPLI 52 - 74 (68); PPI 117 - 138 (128); PSI 11 - 14 (14). Head longer than wide (CI 74 - 81), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head deeply concave, posterolateral corners well developed and nearly rounded, lateral margins slightly convex, nearly straight, slightly narrowed forward. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.59 - 1.12, SL 0.25 - 0.38, SI 34 - 46). Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.09). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile, promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.7 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, propodeum armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner convex, declivity weakly concave, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about three times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06 - 0.12), and distance to declivity about twice the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.17 - 0.39, PTH 0.15 - 0.26) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face slightly convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave, nearly straight, posterior face of node vertical and weakly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost the same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.13 - 0.23, PPW 0.17 - 0.29) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.08 - 0.14, PTW 0.13 - 0.23), anterior and posterior margins of petiole straight, anterior margin of postpetiole weakly concave, and weakly convex posterior margin, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal rugae directed toward posterior margin, rugoreticulate close to posterior margin of head. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except katepisternum, propodeum and metapleuron which are areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent hairs and long suberect hairs, posterior margin with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with sparse and short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Petiole with short decumbent hairs and long suberect hairs, postpetiole with short and long decumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
95157889B73125E1D5C1B3F600123230.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 8): HL 0.38 - 0.41; HW 0.34 - 0.37; SL 0.23 - 0.25; ML 0.09 - 0.10; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.11 - 0.12; HD 0.24 - 0.25; WL 0.38 - 0.43; PSL 0.03 - 0.04; PW 0.19 - 0.22; MFL 0.23 - 0.26; MFW 0.05 - 0.06; MTL 0.18 - 0.21; PTL 0.14 - 0.16; PNL 0.07 - 0.08; PTH 0.10 - 0.12; PTW 0.09 - 0.10; PPL 0.08 - 0.09; PPNL 0.07 - 0.09; PPH 0.08 - 0.09; PPW 0.12 - 0.13; GL 0.33 - 0.40; GW 0.25 - 0.29, CI 87 - 90; MI 23 - 26; SI 59 - 63; MLI 68 - 74; PPLI 53 - 64; PPI 130 - 144; PSI 9 - 12. Head longer than wide (CI 87 - 90), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.38 - 0.41, SL 0.23 - 0.25, SI 59 - 63). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but poorly defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 1.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.04), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.3 times longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.14 - 0.16, PTH 0.10 - 0.12) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face slightly convex at center. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, slightly smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.09 - 0.10, PPW 0.12 - 0.13), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07 - 0.08, PTW 0.09 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margins of petiole weakly convex, anterior margin of postpetiole convex, and posterior margin concave, sides nearly rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandible and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum, propodeum and metapleuron which are areolate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny, propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent hairs, posterior margin with suberect hairs. Scapes and outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and longer subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs, and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
95157889B73125E1D5C1B3F600123230.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara raberi is known from only one locality, in northeastern Madagascar, and only one locality (Figure 69). This species was found in the rainforest, at the transition between humid forest, and tropical dry forest, at 865 m, taken from sifted litter, rotten logs, and leaf mold. Individuals were collected using maxi-Winkler traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
684B83BA173C68E4B9FF08872712D065.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins of head convex; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face vertical and straight; gaster with abundant, short decumbent hairs, and long subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, posterior margin of head nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, propodeum armed with a pair of short triangular teeth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face convex; gaster with abundant, short decumbent hairs, and sparse, long subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
684B83BA173C68E4B9FF08872712D065.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 1 (holotype )): HL 0.55; HW 0.46; SL 0.24; ML 0.11; EL 0.02; EM 0.15; HD 0.30; WL 0.47; PSL 0.05; PW 0.30; MFL 0.29; MFW 0.08, MTL 0.22; PTL 0.18; PNL 0.09; PTH 0.14; PTW 0.13; PPL 0.12; PPNL 0.11; PPH 0.11; PPW 0.17; GL 0.42; GW 0.36; CI 84; MI 20; SI 44; MLI 63; PPLI 67; PPI 131; PSI 11. Head longer than wide (CI 84), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer tan wide, slightly narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave in the middle, nearly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.55. SL 0.24, SI 44). Ocelli absent. Eyes present, consisiting of three ommatidia (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area with a longitudinal strip, barely surpassing frontal carina. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small angulate tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner convex, declivity of propodeum concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about less tan half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodrosal corner of propodeum about 1.8 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05), and distance to declivity about 0.5 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded; sides of propodeum weakly convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.18, PTH 0.14) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, slightly smaller than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.13, PPW 0.17) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09, PTW 0.13), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin weakly concave, anterior and posterior margins of postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with finely longitudinal rugae except for middle area of head, rugoreticulate close to posterior margin of head. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeum (areolate), and metapleuron (areolate and with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with sparse and short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant, short decumbent hairs, and sparse, long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
684B83BA173C68E4B9FF08872712D065.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 8): HL 0.34 - 0.38; HW 0.30 - 0.33; SL 0.21 - 0.24; ML 0.08 - 0.09; EL 0.01; EM 0.09 - 0.11; HD 0.20 - 0.22; WL 0.35 - 0.38; PSL 0.02 - 0.04; PW 0.19 - 0.22; MFL 0.21 - 0.25; MFW 0.05 - 0.06; MTL 0.16 - 0.19; PTL 0.13 - 0.14; PNL 0.07 - 0.08; PTH 0.10 - 0.11; PTW 0.07 - 0.09; PPL 0.08 - 0.09; PPNL 0.07 - 0.08; PPH 0.07 - 0.08; PPW 0.11 - 0.12; GL 0.29 - 0.40; GW 0.22 - 0.28; CI 85 - 92; MI 21 - 26; SI 61 - 67; MLI 68 - 78; PPLI 57 - 69; PPI 129 - 171; PSI 5 - 13. Head longer than wide (CI 85 - 92), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, weakly concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally angulate, almost triangular. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach the posterior margin of head (HL 0.34 - 0.38, SL 0.21 - 0.24, SI 61 - 67). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01). Supraclypeal area triangular but not well defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.2 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat, and barely declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner usually unarmed but when armed, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small triangular tooth, declivity nearly flat with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.04), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.1 times longer than wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum flat. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.13 - 0.14, PTH 0.10 - 0.11) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.07 - 0.09, PPW 0.11 - 0.12), and petiolar node as wide as long (PNL 0.07 - 0.08, PTW 0.07 - 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole convex, and weakly concave in postpetiole, sides convex in petiole and rounded in postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeum (areolate), and metapleuron (longitudinally and finely areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with abundant decumbent to subdecumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with few decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with decumbent hairs. Gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
684B83BA173C68E4B9FF08872712D065.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara salegi is known only from the north of Madagascar (Figure 69) and occurs in the littoral rainforest, at an elevation of 90 m. Specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler traps and found in leaf litter, leaf mold and rotten wood.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E77F1B4F0BE2805ED21505D56577AC65.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins slightly convex, posterolateral corners well developed, posterior margin of head deeply concave; dorsum of propodeum flat, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth; gaster with short appressed hairs, and longer, sparse suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, posterior margin of head nearly straight, lateral margins convex; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, anterodorsal corner slightly convex, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly concave, and posterior face convex; gaster with short appressed hairs and dispersed and longer suberect or subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E77F1B4F0BE2805ED21505D56577AC65.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 13): HL 0.57 - 0.92 (0.82); HW 0.49 - 0.72 (0.64); SL 0.26 - 0.35 (0.31); ML 0.12 - 0.24 (0.21); EL 0.01 - 0.03 (0.02); EM 0.16 - 0.28 (0.25); HD 0.32 - 0.52 (0.45); WL 0.51 - 0.85 (0.70); PSL 0.05 - 0.11 (0.08); PW 0.30 - 0.47 (0.41); MFL 0.29 - 0.52 (0.41); MFW 0.07 - 0.12 (0.10); MTL 0.21 - 0.40 (0.30); PTL 0.19 - 0.32 (0.27); PNL 0.09 - 0.14 (0.12); PTH 0.14 - 0.24 (0.20); PTW 0.12 - 0.22 (0.17); PPL 0.11 - 0.22 (0.18); PPNL 0.11 - 0.20 (0.16); PPH 0.12 - 0.23 (0.18); PPW 0.18 - 0.32 (0.25); GL 0.43 - 1.10 (0.78); GW 0.39 - 0.82 (0.58); CI 76 - 86 (78); MI 21 - 26 (26); SI 37 - 46 (38); MLI 59 - 74 (64); PPLI 58 - 70 (67); PPI 131 - 152 (147); PSI 10 - 16 (13). Head longer than wide (CI 76 - 86), in full-face view subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide, slightly narrowed on the top. Posterior margin of head deeply concave in the middle, posterolateral corners well developed, rounded and narrowed forward, lateral margins slightly convex. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.57 - 0.92, SL 0.26 - 0.35, SI 37 - 46). Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of two or three ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with a small angulate tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.4 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a small triangular tooth, declivity concave, nearly flat with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle nearly oval and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, (close to mid-height and mid-length in larger major workers), distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.11), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior and posterior margins, as well as sides rounded; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.19 - 0.32, PTH 0.14 - 0.24) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave, posterior face of node vertical and weakly concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node rounded and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.12 - 0.22, PPW 0.18 - 0.32) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.14, PTW 0.12 - 0.22), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides of petiole and postpetiole nearly rounded. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal rugae directed to posterolateral corners of head, transverse rugae, and reticulate on median area of posterior margin of head, followed by short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeum (areolate), and metapleuron (areolate-rugose and with longitudinal rugae). Petiole, ventral face and sides of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head with short appressed hairs and long suberect hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short and sparse appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short appressed hairs and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E77F1B4F0BE2805ED21505D56577AC65.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 11): HL 0.32 - 0.40; HW 0.27 - 0.34; SL 0.20 - 0.26; ML 0.08 - 0.10; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.09 - 0.11; HD 0.20 - 0.22; WL 0.32 - 0.42; PSL 0.03 - 0.05; PW 0.10 - 0.21; MFL 0.20 - 0.26; MFW 0.05 - 0.07; MTL 0.14 - 0.20; PTL 0.11 - 0.15; PNL 0.06 - 0.08; PTH 0.09 - 0.12; PTW 0.08 - 0.10; PPL 0.06 - 0.09; PPNL 0.06 - 0.09; PPH 0.07 - 0.09; PPW 0.10 - 0.14; GL 0.26 - 0.48; GW 0.20 - 0.35; CI 83 - 91; MI 22 - 29; SI 61 - 68; MLI 69 - 81; PPLI 57 - 69; PPI 125 - 150; PSI 9 - 13. Head longer than wide (CI 83 - 91), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, weakly concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus concave, and laterally angulate, almost triangular. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach posterior margin of head (HL 0.32 - 0.40, SL 0.20 - 0.26, SI 61 - 81). Eyes present, consisting of two ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area short and triangular, but poorly defined. In profile, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and barely declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner rounded, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.05), and distance to declivity about 0.5 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum almost as longer as wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum convex. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.11 - 0.15, PTH 0.09 - 0.12) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face medially convex. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave in the middle, nearly straight, posterior face of node convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and slightly lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.08 - 0.10, PPW 0.10 - 0.14), and petiolar node slightly wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.08, PTW 0.08 - 0.10), anterior and posterior margins of petiole weakly convex, and straight in postpetiole, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles, and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeum (areolate), metapleuron (finely areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins of head and scape with decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short subdecumbent and decumbent hairs and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent or appressed hairs and long suberect or subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E77F1B4F0BE2805ED21505D56577AC65.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara sampi is known from south and southwestern Madagascar (Figure 69) where it was found in gallery forest, tropical dry forest, and gallery forest on sandy soil, at elevations ranging from 20 m to 525 m. This species was found in the following microhabitats: rotten logs, leaf mold, rotten wood, and in semi-deciduous vegetation. Specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
E77F1B4F0BE2805ED21505D56577AC65.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Toliara. Reserve Prive Berenty, Foret de Malaza, Mandrare River, 8.6 km 314 ° NW Amboasary, - 25.00778, 46.306, 40 m, gallery forest, 6. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Foret de Mite, 20.7 km 29 ° WNW Tongobory, - 23.52417, 44.12133, 75 m, gallery forest, 27. ii. - 3. iii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Reserve Prive Berenty, Foret de Bealoka, Mandrare River, 14.6 km 329 ° NNW Amboasary, - 24.95694, 46.2715, 35 m, gallery forest, 3 - 8. ii. 2002, (Fisher, Griswold et al.); Toliara, Fiherenana, - 23.17698, 43.96142, gallery forest, 18 - 19. viii. 2003, (Frontier Wilderness Project); Toliara, Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, - 23.65, 44.63333, 135 m, tropical dry forest, 23. iv. 1997, (B. L. Fisher); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.21836, 45.3106, 510 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 24 - 27. xi. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Makay Mts., - 21.20978, 45.34184, 525 m, gallery forest on sandy soil, 27. xi- 2. xii. 2010, (B. L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Makay, - 21.22283, 45.32453, 525 m, gallery forest, 11. i. 2010, (J. M. Bichain); Toliara, Makay, - 21.22283, 45.32453, 525 m, gallery forest, 9. i. 2010, (J. M. Bichain).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
89E80C035E67EE6CBC34DAAC80BB79EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterolateral corners rounded, posterior margin of head concave; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner with a pair of triangular teeth; gaster with short decumbent hairs and sparse and longer subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, lateral margins weakly convex, posterior margin weakly convex; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth; gaster with abundant decumbent hairs and sparse suberect to subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
89E80C035E67EE6CBC34DAAC80BB79EF.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 5): HL 0.61 - 0.65 (0.65); HW 0.47 - 0.51 (0.49); SL 0.23 - 0.26 (0.25); ML 0.12 - 0.14 (0.13); EL 0.02 - 0.03 (0.02); EM 0.14 - 0.20 (0.18); HD 0.29 - 0.33 (0.33); WL 0.50 - 0.54 (0.53); PSL 0.05 - 0.07 (0.06); PW 0.31 - 0.35 (0.32); MFL 0.29 - 0.32 (0.32); MFW 0.08 - 0.09 (0.08); MTL 0.20 - 0.27 (0.20), PTL 0.20 - 0.24 (0.20); PNL 0.11 - 0.12 (0.11); PTH 0.14 - 0.16 (0.16); PTW 0.13 - 0.15 (0.14); PPL 0.12 - 0.13 (0.12); PPNL 0.11 - 0.12 (0.12); PPH 0.11 - 0.12 (0.12); PPW 0.16 - 0.18 (0.18); GL 0.43 - 0.51 (0.51); GW 0.36 - 0.41 (0.41); CI 75 - 79 (75); MI 19 - 22 (20); SI 38 - 40 (38); MLI 60 - 65 (65); PPLI 50 - 65 (60); PPI 120 - 129 (129); PSI 10 - 15 (12). Head longer than wide (CI 75 - 79), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight and parallel. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.61 - 0.65, SL 0.23 - 0.26, SI 38 - 40) not surpassing cephalic midlength. Ocelli absent. Eyes present, consisting of two or three ommatidia (EL 0.02 - 0.03). Supraclypeal area short and triangular. In profile view, promesonotum high and nearly rounded, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.7 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity concave, nearly flat, with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.07), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, slightly narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.20 - 0.24, PTH 0.14 - 0.16) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face weakly convex at center. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node weakly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.13 - 0.15, PPW 0.16 - 0.18) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.11 - 0.12, PTW 0.13 - 0.15), anterior margin of petiole convex, posterior margin weakly concave, anterior and posterior margins of postpetiole straight, sides of petiole rounded, and sides of postpetiole narrowed posteriorly and convex. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae, these joining near posterior margin of head, transverse rugae along posterior margin of head. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (rugose and with longitudinal rugae), and dorsum of propodeum (finely areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole (areolate). In dorsal view, promesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins of head with short decumbent hairs and long suberect hairs, posterior margin with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long subdecumbent hairs. Petiole, and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent or suberect hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
89E80C035E67EE6CBC34DAAC80BB79EF.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 9): HL 0.35 - 0.38; HW 0.31 - 0.33; SL 0.21 - 0.23; ML 0.09 - 0.10; EL 0.01; EM 0.10 - 0.11; HD 0.21 - 0.23; WL 0.35 - 0.39; PSL 0.03 - 0.04; PW 0.19 - 0.21; MFL 0.22 - 0.24; MFW 0.05, MTL 0.16 - 0.18; PTL 0.12 - 0.15; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.10 - 0.11; PTW 0.07 - 0.08; PPL 0.07 - 0.08; PPNL 0.06 - 0.07; PPH 0.07 - 0.08; PPW 0.10 - 0.13; GL 0.31 - 0.35; GW 0.21 - 0.28; CI 86 - 89; MI 24 - 27; SI 57 - 63; MLI 69 - 75; PPLI 50 - 58; PPI 125 - 163; PSI 9 - 13. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 86 - 89), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head slightly concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave in the middle, and laterally angulate. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach posterior margin of head (HL 0.35 - 0.38, SL 0.21 - 0.23, SI 57 - 63). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01). Supraclypeal area triangular but not well defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum about 1.1 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly concave in the middle, nearly flat, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, anterodorsal corner rounded and higher than posterodorsal corner of promesonotum, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes triangular. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite by about the diameter of the spiracle, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about two times the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.5 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03 - 0.04), and distance to declivity almost half the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.12 - 0.15, PTH 0.10 - 0.11) and with a short peduncle, ventral face convex at center. Combined outine of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node slightly concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.07 - 0.08, PPW 0.10 - 0.13), and petiolar node almost as broad as long (PNL 0.06 - 0.07, PTW 0.07 - 0.08), anterior and posterior margins of petiole convex, anterior and posterior margins of postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Head, mandible and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (finely areolate). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins and posterior margin of the head and scapes with subdecumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with decumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent and decumbent hairs, and sparse suberect hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
89E80C035E67EE6CBC34DAAC80BB79EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara tana is known only from the north of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species was found in montane rainforest, at an elevation of 925 m, in leaf litter, leaf mold and rotten wood. This species was collected using maxi-Winkler traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
5E4DC53BB82D04F94CD64F485E3C7553.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterolateral corners rounded, posterior margin of head concave; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner unarmed, nearly angulate; gaster with abundant subdecumbent to suberect hairs. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, lateral margins weakly convex, posterior margin weakly convex; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner unarmed, nearly angulate; gaster with subdecumbent or suberect hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
5E4DC53BB82D04F94CD64F485E3C7553.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 1 (holotype )): HL 0.62; HW 0.48; SL 0.28; ML 0.15; EL 0.02; EM 0.18; HD 0.35; WL 0.54; PSL 0.06; PW 0.33; MFL 0.29; MFW 0.08; MTL 0.22, PTL 0.21; PNL 0.09; PTH 0.17; PTW 0.15; PPL 0.13; PPNL 0.13; PPH 0.13; PPW 0.20; GL 0.53; GW 0.43; CI 78; MI 24; SI 45; MLI 60; PPLI 60; PPI 133; PSI 12. Head longer than wide (78), in full-face view weakly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight or weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and weakly convex laterally. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.62, SL 0.28, SI 45) barely reaching cephalic midlength. Ocelli absent. Eyes present and short, consisting of only ommatidia (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area short and triangular, not surpassing frontal carina. In profile view, promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove present and not deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum unarmed, nearly angulate, declivity weakly convex, nearly flat. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06), and distance to declivity less than the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, slightly narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum nearly convex. Petiole weakly longer than high (PTL 0.21, PTH 0.17) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face weakly convex at center. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straigth, posterior face of node weakly concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node weakly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.15, PPW 0.20) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09, PTW 0.15), anterior margin of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides of petiole and postpetiole rounded. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and median area of head smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae, these joining near posterior margin of head, transverse rugae along posterior margin of head. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (rugose and with longitudinal rugae), and anterior side of pronottum finely punctate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole (areolate). In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral and posterior margin of head with suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with few and short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long erect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
5E4DC53BB82D04F94CD64F485E3C7553.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 1): HL 0.40; HW 0.34; SL 0.23; ML 0.10; EL 0.02; EM 0.11; HD 0.23; WL 0.41; PSL 0.03; PW 0.22; MFL 0.23; MFW 0.06; MTL 0.18, PTL 0.13; PNL 0.07; PTH 0.12; PTW 0.09; PPL 0.09; PPNL 0.08; PPH 0.08; PPW 0.13; GL 0.33; GW 0.28; CI 85; MI 25; SI 58; MLI 66; PPLI 69; PPI 136; PSI 10. Head slightly longer than wide (CI 85), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head slightly concave, posterolateral corners convex, lateral margins weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach posterior margin of head (HL 0.40, SL 0.23, SI 58). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but not well defined. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove not well impressed. Propodeum about 1.2 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners unarmed or angulate, declivity nearly straight. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about the same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03), and distance to declivity almost less than the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin rounded, sides nearly rounded, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole weakly longer than high (PTL 0.13, PTH 0.12) and with a short peduncle, ventral face convex at center. Combined outine of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straight, posterior face of node vertical and slightly concave, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.09, PPW 0.13), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07, PTW 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Head, mandible and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (finely areolate combined with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny. Lateral margins, posterior margin of head and outer margin of mandibles with short decumbent hairs. Scapes with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short and long decumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
5E4DC53BB82D04F94CD64F485E3C7553.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara tanana is known only from the center of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species was found in the savannah grassland, at an elevation of 1984 m, in leaf mold and rotten wood. This species was collected using maxi-Winkler traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
27617A0C65C67C68A9832A022BF772C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head nearly subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterolateral corners well developed, posterior margin of head deeply concave in the middle, head with longitudinal rugae directed to the posterior margin; dorsum of propodeum flat, and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth; gaster with short decumbent hairs, and dispersed and longer subdecumbent hairs. Minor: Head nearly subrectangular, slightly longer than wide, posterior margin of head nearly straight, weakly concave, lateral margins convex; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, posterodorsal corner with a pair of small triangular teeth, combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, and posterior face slightly convex; gaster with short decumbent hairs, and longer and dispersed subdecumbent hairs.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
27617A0C65C67C68A9832A022BF772C1.taxon	description	Description of major workers. Measurements (n = 6): HL 0.64 - 1.02 (1.01); HW 0.50 - 0.78 (0.75); SL 0.26 - 0.35 (0.34); ML 0.14 - 0.24 (0.24); EL 0.01 - 0.05 (0.05); EM 0.16 - 0.26 (0.25); HD 0.34 - 0.57 (0.56); WL 0.52 - 0.86 (0.81); PSL 0.05 - 0.10 (0.10); PW 0.31 - 0.54 (0.52); MFL 0.30 - 0.47 (0.46); MFW 0.07 - 0.11 (0.10); MTL 0.23 - 0.38 (0.36); PTL 0.18 - 0.36 (0.36); PNL 0.09 - 0.14 (0.14); PTH 0.15 - 0.25 (0.24); PTW 0.14 - 0.23 (0.23); PPL 0.12 - 0.20 (0.19); PPNL 0.10 - 0.18 (0.18); PPH 0.12 - 0.24 (0.22); PPW 0.17 - 0.28 (0.27); GL 0.41 - 0.97 (0.92); GW 0.40 - 0.86 (0.86); CI 74 - 78 (74); MI 22 - 25 (24); SI 34 - 42 (34); MLI 58 - 64 (61); PPLI 53 - 67 (53); PPI 117 - 129 (117); PSI 9 - 13 (13). Head longer than wide (CI 74 - 78), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than wide, slightly narrowed posteriorly. Posterior margin of head deeply concave in the middle, posterolateral corners well developed and rounded, lateral margins straight and parallel. Mandibles with six teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.64 - 1.02, SL 0.26 - 0.35, SI 34 - 42). Ocelli present or absent. Eyes present, consisting of one to twenty ommatidia (EL 0.01 - 0.05). Supraclypeal area triangular and well defined. In profile view, posterolateral corner of head with an angulate and triangular tooth resembling a horn. Promesonotum high and nearly rounded. Promesonotal suture present or absent on dorsum, mesonotum absent or present, metanotal groove deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, about 1.5 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners each armed with a triangular tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about twice the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.05 - 0.10), and distance to declivity about 1.3 times the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.18 - 0.36, PTH 0.15 - 0.25) and with relatively long peduncle, ventral face slightly convex in the middle. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave at center, posterior face of node vertical and straight, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, and dorsum nearly rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, petiolar node almost as wide as postpetiolar node (PTW 0.14 - 0.23, PPW 0.17 - 0.28) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09 - 0.14, PTW 0.14 - 0.23), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole almost straight, sides of petiole and postpetiole rounded. Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and frons smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae directed to posterior margin of head. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeum (areolate), metapleuron (finely areolate and with longitudinal rugae), and sides of pronotum (finely longitudinal rugulose). Petiole, ventral face and sides of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, median area of promesonotum smooth and shiny, as well as postpetiole and gaster. Propodeum and petiole weakly sculptured in smaller major workers and smooth and shiny in larger major workers. Lateral margins of the head with short appressed hairs and long erect to suberect hairs, posterior margin with subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with sparse and short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long erect and suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent hairs and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
27617A0C65C67C68A9832A022BF772C1.taxon	description	Description of minor workers. Measurements (n = 10): HL 0.33 - 0.39; HW 0.29 - 0.34; SL 0.20 - 0.24; ML 0.08 - 0.09; EL 0.01 - 0.02; EM 0.09 - 0.11; HD 0.19 - 0.23; WL 0.32 - 0.39; PSL 0.02 - 0.04; PW 0.18 - 0.21; MFL 0.20 - 0.25; MFW 0.05 - 0.06; MTL 0.14 - 0.18; PTL 0.12 - 0.14; PNL 0.06 - 0.07; PTH 0.09 - 0.11; PTW 0.07 - 0.09; PPL 0.07 - 0.10; PPNL 0.06 - 0.08; PPH 0.06 - 0.08; PPW 0.10 - 0.12; GL 0.27 - 0.39; GW 0.21 - 0.26; CI 86 - 89; MI 22 - 27; SI 59 - 62; MLI 68 - 74; PPLI 54 - 71; PPI 122 - 147; PSI 6 - 13. Head longer than wide (CI 86 - 89), in full-face view nearly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head nearly straight, weakly concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach posterior margin of head (HL 0.33 - 0.39, SL 0.20 - 0.24, SI 59 - 62). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.01 - 0.02). Supraclypeal area short and triangular. In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, nearly flat, metanotal groove present. Propodeum about 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum nearly flat and declining posteriorly, anterodorsal corner rounded, posterodorsal corners each armed with a small triangular tooth, declivity concave with thin lateral laminae. Propodeal lobes convex. Propodeal spiracle small, rounded, and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about 2.2 times the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.02 - 0.04), and distance to declivity same as the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about 1.1 times longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, sides convex and narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight. Petiole longer than high (PTL 0.12 - 0.14, PTH 0.09 - 0.11) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face convex at center. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node concave, posterior face of node vertical and slightly convex, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner convex, dorsum rounded. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, almost as large as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node convex and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.07 - 09, PPW 0.10 - 0.12), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.06 - 0.07, PTW 0.07 - 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides nearly rounded in petiole and postpetiole. Dorsal surface of head, mandibles and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum and propodeum (areolate), and metapleuron (longitudinally areolate-rugose). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate-rugose. In dorsal view, promesonotum, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny; propodeum and petiole areolate. Lateral margins and posterior margin of head with short decumbent hairs. Scapes with appressed hairs. Outer margin of mandible with sparse appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with short decumbent to appressed hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
27617A0C65C67C68A9832A022BF772C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Carebara vazimba is known from the north of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species was found in littoral rainforest and rainforest at 10 m and 240 m, respectively. Individuals of C. vazimba were found in rotten logs, leaf mold, and rotten wood. Specimens were collected using maxi-Winkler traps.	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
27617A0C65C67C68A9832A022BF772C1.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana: Antsiranana, Ambondrobe, 41.1 km 175 ° Vohemar, - 13.71533, 50.10167, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 29. xi. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret Ambanitaza, 26.1 km 347 ° Antalaha, - 14.67933, 50.18367, 240 m, rainforest, 26. xi. 2004, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana: Foret d' Andavakoera, 21.4 km 75 ° ENE Ambilobe; 4.6 km 356 ° N Betsiaka, - 13.11833, 49.23, 425 m, rainforest, 15. xii. 2003, (B. L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Foret Ambato, 26.6 km 33 ° Ambanja, - 13.4645, 48.55167, 150 m, rainforest, 8. xii. 2004, (B. L. Fisher).	en	Azorsa, Frank, Fisher, Brian L. (2018): Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region. ZooKeys 767: 1-149, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.767.21105
