identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B97776FFE9FF9E9DA1FF544DFFFD8D.text	03B97776FFE9FF9E9DA1FF544DFFFD8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pogonomicola	<div><p>Pogonomicola new genus</p><p>Diagnosis. Oxyuridae: Syphaciinae: Syphaciini. Males markedly smaller than females. Cephalic end with cephalic plate, 4 cephalic papillae and 2 amphids. Mouth opening surrounded by 3 well-defined lips without visible posterior edge. Oesophagus with distinct isthmus and spherical bulb. Cervical alae each divided into more than 2 longitudinal folds. Male with single weakly defined mamelon; genital papillae forming anterior group around cloaca and posterior pair on tail. Tail conical without elongated tip. Female vulva in anterior third of body, monodelphic, vagina directed posteriorly. Eggs oval, asymmetrical, with small lateral operculum.</p><p>Type species Pogonomicola rugala</p><p>Etymology. The genus is named after the genus of the host, Pogonomys .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B97776FFE9FF9E9DA1FF544DFFFD8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smales, L. R.	Smales, L. R. (2013): Nematodes from the caecum and colon of Pogonomys (Muridae: Anisomyini) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus of Oxyuridae (Nematoda: Oxyurida) and a new species of Trichuridae (Nematoda: Enoplida). Zootaxa 3599 (6): 577-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.6
03B97776FFE9FF989DA1FD0A4F3DFE18.text	03B97776FFE9FF989DA1FD0A4F3DFE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pogonomicola rugala	<div><p>Pogonomicola rugala sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–10)</p><p>Type host. Pogonomys loriae Thomas.</p><p>Site in host. Caecum, colon.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, allotype female from Pogonomys loriae Doma Peaks, 2400 m elevation, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, coll A.B. Mirza and Bin Yuo 13. iv. 1978, BBM NG 105735C; paratypes 10 mature females, 2 juvenile females, same data, BBM NG 105735C.</p><p>Other material examined. I female from P. l o r i a e, Munimum Village (9° 53´S 149° 23´E), Milne Bay Province AM W. 42813; 3 females from P. sylvestris Mount Kaindi, Morobe Province BBM NG 51131A, NG 53491C.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the folded form of the cervical alae.</p><p>Description. General: Small nematodes, typical oxyurid shape, cuticle with transverse striations. Cephalic plate oval, cephalic papillae and amphids at edge of cephalic plate. Mouth opening surrounded by 3 lips without visible posterior edge. Oesophagus with distinct isthmus and terminal bulb. Nerve ring surrounding anterior oesophagus, excretory pore posterior to oesophagus. Cervical alae with up to 5 longitudinal folds anteriorly, contracting to single pair small bifid alae towards base of oesophagus; lateral alae absent.</p><p>Male: (holotype) Body length 2.1 mm, width 75. Oesophagus length 140; oesophageal bulb 40 long by 37.5 wide. Nerve ring 45 from anterior end, excretory pore not seen. Mamelon, without thick muscular body wall, 470 from posterior end, 35 long. Spicule 50, gubernaculum 25 long, unornamented; accessory piece not seen. Cloacal papillae; 2 pairs small pre cloacal, 1 pair large post cloacal. Tail conical, without spike, 75 long.</p><p>Female: (measurements of 10 specimens) Body length 3.8–4.9 (4.3) mm, width 182–315 (242). Oesophagus 300–382 (336). Nerve ring not seen; excretory pore 440–850 (576) from anterior end. Tail tapered, conical tip, 380–516 (468) long. Eggs oval, asymmetrical, with small lateral operculum, embryonated in utero, 135–142 (139.3) by 35–43 (41.1).</p><p>Remarks. The tribe is characterized by the symmetry of the buccal opening and lips, the arrangement of the genital papillae in a square, the lack of accessory cloacal papillae, the elongated form of the gubernaculum, the accessory piece split in two, the rugose areas of the mamelons with transverse grooves and the morphology of the egg, with a lateral operculum and length equal to or more than 2.5 times the width (Hugot 1988). The new genus can be assigned to the Syphaciini on the basis of these shared characteristics. Pogonomicola n. g. can be differentiated from each of the other five congenerics by the form of the cervical alae, with numerous folds and the single, weakly defined mamelon. Pogonomicola can be further differentiated from Syphabulea in having neither three mamelons, nor the posteriorly extended vaginal cuticle, nor eggs with a large operculum; from Syphacia in having neither two or three mamelons nor a male tail with a long tip; from Syphatineria in having neither two mamelons nor cephalic papillae widely spaced; from Sypharista in having neither sexual dimorphism of the cephalic structures nor a different arrangement of the cephalic papillae (Hugot 1988). Pogonomicola can be further differentiated from Lorentzicola by the morphology of the cephalic structures, the form of the oesophagus and the number of mamelons (Smales 2010).</p><p>This is the third syphaciin genus to be recorded from New Guinean rodents; Syphacia is a cosmopolitan genus while Lorentzicola and Pogonomicola have been found only in New Guinea.</p><p>The hosts of Pogonomicola rugala, Pogonomys loriae and P. sylvestris, are old endemic species with origins from about 5.5 million years ago (Rowe et al. 2008) and have altitudinal distributions that may overlap between 1000 and 2000 m (Musser &amp; Carleton 2005). Infection of these hosts by Pogonomicola rugala is congruent with Hugot’s (1990) suggestion that the Syphaciini are a monophyletic group in which speciation events are associated with isolation in host groups. The unique morphological features of P. r u g a l a, including multifolded cervical alae and a single, weakly developed mamelon, may therefore have evolved during a long association with its hosts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B97776FFE9FF989DA1FD0A4F3DFE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smales, L. R.	Smales, L. R. (2013): Nematodes from the caecum and colon of Pogonomys (Muridae: Anisomyini) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus of Oxyuridae (Nematoda: Oxyurida) and a new species of Trichuridae (Nematoda: Enoplida). Zootaxa 3599 (6): 577-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.6
03B97776FFEFFF959DA1FDC24AD1FB74.text	03B97776FFEFFF959DA1FDC24AD1FB74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichuris germani	<div><p>Trichuris germani sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 11–24)</p><p>Type host. Pogonomys loriae Thomas.</p><p>Site in host. Caecum.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, allotype female from Pogonomys loriae Munimum Village (9° 53´S 149° 23´E), Aguan area, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, coll. P. German, 19. vii. 1992 AM W.42814, W.42815; paratypes 11 males, 6 females, same data, AM W.42816.</p><p>Other material examined. From Pogonomys championi 8 males 11 females and pieces of worms ridge south of Tifalmin (5° 7´S 141° 25´E), 3 females and pieces of males and females Ofektamin (5° 5´S 141° 35´E), Milne Bay Province, AM W. 42824, W. 42825, W. 42826, W. 42827, W. 42828, W. 42829.</p><p>From Pogonomys loriae 11 males 7 females, pieces of male and female Munimum Village (9° 53´S 149° 23´E), slopes near Kawaya Village, (9° 53´S 149° 22´E), AM W. 42817, W. 42818, W. 42819, Waiep Creek Munimum Village, Aguan area, Milne Bay Province, BBM 109497A, 109443B:</p><p>From Pogonomys macrourus 3 males, piece of worm 12 k NW Tep Tep, Madang Province, BBM105049A, 105004, 1 male, 1 female NNW slopes Mount Bosavi, Southern Highlands Province BBM 103018:</p><p>From Pogonomys sylvestris 2 males, 2 females, pieces of worm 12 k NW Tep Tep, Madang Province, AM W. 42823; 2 males, 1 female, pieces of worm Margut River (9° 901´S 149° 370´E), BBM 109402A, 1 male, pieces of worms Yaiton River (9° 880´S 149° 363´E), BBM 109450, 2 males, 2 females, pieces of male and female, Munimum Village (9° 53´S 149° 32´E), 1 male, 2 females, pieces of male and female, Waibare (9° 53´S 149° 22´E), Aguan area, Milne Bay Province, AM W. 42820, W. 42821, W. 42822.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Pavel German who collected many of the hosts.</p><p>Description. General: large nematodes, cuticle with transverse striations. Cephalic end narrow, rounded; without stylet. Stichosome comprises single row of about 800 stichocytes.</p><p>Male: (measurements of 10 specimens) Body total length 25.2–34 (29.1) mm, width at junction of oesophagus and intestine 238–340 (261); anterior body length 13.6–18 (15.9) mm, width 119–153 (134.6); posterior body length 11.6–16 (13.2) mm, width 410–545 (483). Ratio of anterior to posterior body length 1/1.2; total body length to posterior body length 1/ 2.2 of body length. Spicule slender, distal tip rounded, 1700–3300 (2167) long. Spicule sheath spinose, sub cylindrical, slightly broader at distal end when fully extended, 490–700 (544) long. Testis with 5–6 deep convolutions, ending 2.3–3.9 (2.84) mm from posterior end. Seminal vesicle 1275–2975 (2360) long; vas deferens 1224–1530 (1364) long; cloacal tube 2000–2600 (2231) long. One pair post cloacal papillae present.</p><p>Female: (measurements of 9 specimens) Body total length 27–35 (30.2) mm, width at junction of oesophagus and intestine 150–357 (313); anterior body length 17–21 (19) mm, width 100–153 (141); posterior body length 10–14 (11.2) mm, width 527–765 (652). Ratio of anterior to posterior body length 1/1.7; total body length to posterior body length 1/ 2.7.Vulva non protrusible, 100.5–315 (208) from posterior end of oesophagus; vagina muscular, more or less looped 1140–1700 (1420) from vulva to proximal end of uterus. Anus sub terminal, 20–40 from posterior end. Eggs thick shelled, with polar plugs 42.5–63 (52.4) by 25.5–27.7 (27)</p><p>Remarks. The new species exhibits all the characteristics of the family Trichuridae, Trichurinae including body form, oesophagus having a single row of stichocytes and a well developed spicule with a spiny sheath (Anderson &amp; Bain, 2009). Trichuris germani sp.nov. can be distinguished from the cosmopolitan T. muris, the only other trichurid reported from murid hosts in the region, by a suite of characters including the ratio of anterior to posterior body length of males of 1.2 compared with 1.88 (Feliu et al. 2000) and 1.85 for T. muris (Roman 1951), the length of the spicule 1700–3300 compared with 900–1300 (Feliu et al. 2000) and 600–860 (Roman 1951) for T. muris, the number of convolutions of the testis, 5–6 compared with 20 –25 for T. muris and vagina length of more than 1140–1700, allowing for looping, compared with 450–1110 (Feliu et al. 2000) and 580–1055 (Roman 1951) for T. muris . Comparative measurements are given in Table 3.</p><p>All other Trichuris species found in cricetid and murid hosts have been described from Africa, T. carlieri; North America, T. neotomae, T. opaca, T. peromysci; South America T. arvicolae, T. laevitestis; or the Asian part of Russia, T. petrowi and T. rhombomidis . Trichuris germani can be further distinguished from T. carlieri by having a longer spicule (1700-3300 compared with 800–850) and no vulvar appendage (Gedeolst 1916); from T. neotomae by not having a distinctly bi-lobed posterior end of the body and having smaller eggs (42.5–63 by 25.5–27.7 compared with 90 by 40) (Chandler 1945); from T. opaca by having no ellipsoidal expansion of the extended spicular sheath, testis with 5–6 compared with 24–28 convolutions and a longer vagina (1400–1700 compared with 700–950) (Barker 1915); from T. peromysci in having a longer spicule (1700–3300 compared with 860–1400) and smaller eggs (42.5–63 by 25.5–27.7 compared with 87–92 by 40) (Chandler 1946); from T. arvicolae by the length of the spicule (1700–3300 compared with 730–1170), testis with 5–6 compared with 20–25 convolutions and longer vagina (1400–1700 compared with 200–700) (Feliu et al. 2000); from T. laevitestis by having a convoluted testis, not having an expansion of the vulva and smaller eggs (42.5–63 by 25.5–27.7 compared with 80–90 by 30–40) (Suriano &amp; Navone 1994); from T. petrowi by not having a cephalic cuticular expansion and having eggs less than 30 wide (Skryabin et al. 1957 cited in Feliu et al. 2000); from T. rhombomidis by having a longer spicule (1700–3300 compared with 1190–1380) (Schultz &amp; Landa 1934).</p><p>Specimens, a male and female, of a Trichuris species were reported from Hydromys chrysogaster Geoffroy, collected from the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea (Smales 2006c). With a spicule length of 960, a vulvar appendage and eggs 72 by 36 these specimens appear to be neither T. muris nor T. germani .</p><p>Parasite species Host Intensity Prevalence % Heterakidae</p><p>Heterakis sp. Pogonomys sylvestris 1 3.5 Oxyuridae</p><p>Pogonomicola rufala n. g. n. sp. Pogonomys loriae 1–15 14</p><p>Pogonomys sylvestris 1–2 7 Subuluridae</p><p>Subulura andersoni (Cobbold, 1887) Pogonomys championi 7 8 Trichuridae</p><p>Trichuris germani n. sp. Pogonomys championi 1–10 50</p><p>Pogonomys loriae 1–21 43</p><p>Pogonomys macrourus 1–3 16</p><p>Pogonomys sylvestris 1–5 11</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B97776FFEFFF959DA1FDC24AD1FB74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Smales, L. R.	Smales, L. R. (2013): Nematodes from the caecum and colon of Pogonomys (Muridae: Anisomyini) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus of Oxyuridae (Nematoda: Oxyurida) and a new species of Trichuridae (Nematoda: Enoplida). Zootaxa 3599 (6): 577-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.6
