identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
99D7B34437E35FFD9E115B4DFFA5C8C9.text	99D7B34437E35FFD9E115B4DFFA5C8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamirosa Fomichev & Omelko & Marusik 2024	<div><p>Pamirosa gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Pamirosa kudratbekovi sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The generic name is derived from the type locality of the type species, Pamir Mountains, and end with – osa, typical ending for Lycosidae genera. The gender is feminine.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new genus differs from all known genera of Artoriinae by the helicoid tip of embolus in male (vs. straight or smoothly curved) and by screw-shaped membranous copulatory ducts in female. The presence of membranous copulatory ducts is a unique character for Pamirosa gen. nov. which is unknown in all other genera of Lycosidae .</p><p>Relationships.</p><p>The new genus belongs to Artoriinae to judge from the following features: 1) small subtegulum located at retrolateral half of the bulb, 2) very complex tegular apophysis, 3) transversal course of the sperm duct, 4) absence of palea, 5) presence of tegular outgrowth prolaterally from the tegular apophysis, 6) presence of basoembolic apophysis, 7) lacking cymbial claws (modified macrosetae), 8) posteriorly opened epigynal fovea lacking any septum.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See species description.</p><p>Composition.</p><p>Only the type species.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Artoriinae are known to occur in the Indo-Malayan, Australasian, Pacific and Neotropical regions (Framenau 2007; Piacentini and Grismado 2009). The majority of taxa of Artoriinae are located in Australia and New Zealand (Framenau 2007). Among these are the following genera: Anoteropsis L. Koch, 1878; Artoria Thorell, 1877; Artoriopsis Framenau, 2007; Diahogna Roewer, 1960; Kangarosa Framenau, 2010; Kochosa Framenau et al., 2023; Notocosa Vink, 2002 and Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960 (WSC 2024). Navira and Lobizon are restricted to the south of the Neotropical Realm (Piacentini and Grismado 2009). One genus of Artoriinae, Syroloma Simon, 1900, is known to be endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (WSC 2024). Species from the poorly known genus Lycosella Thorell, 1890 were described by Simon (WSC 2024) and Thorell (WSC 2024) from Hawaiian Islands and from Sumatra Island. There are no published images and redescriptions of Lycosella species. Two species of Artoria described from southern Africa (Roewer 1960) are most likely misplaced. Several species from this genus are known from the Malay Archipelago, Malay Peninsula and southeast China (Framenau 2005; Wang et al. 2019; 2021). Finally, the genus Sinartoria Wang, Framenau &amp; Zhang, 2021, comprising two species, was recently described from the Daming Mountain in the tropical part of China (Wang et al. 2021). Thus, Pamirosa gen. nov. extends the known range of Artoriinae about 6 ° to the North and 28 ° to the West and is the first record of the subfamily in Central Asia (Fig. 51). More reports of Artoriinae in Tibet, the Himalaya and the Karakoram can be expected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/99D7B34437E35FFD9E115B4DFFA5C8C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fomichev, Alexander A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.;Marusik, Yuri M.	Fomichev, Alexander A., Omelko, Mikhail M., Marusik, Yuri M. (2024): Pamirosa gen. nov., unexpected record of Artoriinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the rooftop of Pamir, Central Asia. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (3): 1005-1015, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.123331
7E00C9A426235E1D8CC32F58800FB795.text	7E00C9A426235E1D8CC32F58800FB795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamirosa kudratbekovi Fomichev & Omelko & Marusik 2024	<div><p>Pamirosa kudratbekovi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–9, 10–15, 16–20, 21–30, 31–38, 49–50, 51–53, 54</p><p>Types.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (ISEA, 001.9080) and paratype 1 ♀ (ISEA, 001.9081) Tajikistan, Gorno-Badakhshan Region, Muzkol Mt Range, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.56226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.54785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.56226/lat 38.54785)">Ak-Baital Mt Pass</a> (38 ° 32.871 ' N, 73 ° 33.736 ' E), scree, 4700 m, 19 Jul. 2023, leg. A. A. Fomichev &amp; Y. V. Dyachkov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See generic diagnosis.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Total length 8.2. Carapace: 4.35 long, 3.25 wide. Abdomen: 3.95 long, 2.6 wide. General appearance as in Figs 1, 2. Coloration. Carapace dark brown with brown, barely visible median band; lateral bands indistinct. Eye field almost black. Clypeus, chelicerae and labium dark brown. Endites and coxae yellow-brown. Sternum brown, darker at margins. Palps dark brown, distal part of cymbium yellow. Legs dark brown, without annulations. Abdomen gray, with dark brick red-colored cardiac mark. Spinnerets gray. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.11, PME 0.41, PLE 0.3, AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.16, PME – PME 0.43, PLE – PLE 1.26. Width of anterior eye row 0.86, 2 nd row 1.13, 3 rd row 1.57. Clypeus height at AME 0.16. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. For legs measurements see Table 1. For legs spination see Table 2.</p><p>Male palp as shown in Figs 5 – 30. Femur 2.5 times longer than tibia, with 3 dorsal and 2 prolateral spines. Patella 1.4 times longer than tibia, with one prolateral spine. Tibia 2.9 times shorter than cymbium. Cymbium broad and rounded; length / width ratio 1.6. Tip of cymbium bent dorsally and equipped with stick-like (NS) and plumose setae (PS). Subtegulum (St) very small, oval located on retrolateral side of bulb. Tegulum (Te) circular, length / width ratio 0.74; anterior part with long and narrow retrolateral ridge (RR) on ventral margin of conductor (Cn) and triangular prolateral outgrowth (PO); conductor not tapering. Median sector of anterior edge of tegulum covered with number of short, thread-like denticles (TD). Sperm duct (SD) S-shaped in retrolateral view; tegular apophysis complex. Thin stalk of tegular apophysis (TS) starts from dorsal surface of tegulum. Tegular apophysis massive, hammer-shaped; prolateral process of tegular apophysis (PP) triangular; retrolateral process of tegular apophysis (RP) semicircular, with tip bent ventrally. Palea absent. Embolus large, coiled in 2 planes; proximal part (PE) with accompanying membrane (AM) forming loop ca 270 °. Basoembolic apophysis (BA) circular in ventral view, strongly sclerotized, in intact bulb tightly fixed between prolateral outgrowth of tegulum (PO) and prolateral process of tegular apophysis (PP). Terminal apophysis (Tr) elongated, with sharply pointed tip. Embolic division with small, sharply pointed dorsal process (DP), partly hidden by embolus in ventral view. Distal part of embolus (DE) tightly twisted, making two complete loops (720 °).</p><p>Female. Total length 8.0. Carapace: 4.1 long, 3.0 wide. Abdomen: 4.0 long, 2.45 wide. General appearance as in Figs 28, 29. Coloration as in male, but palps, legs, venter of the abdomen and spinnerets lighter. Dorsal surface of abdomen with blurred herringbone pattern. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.1, ALE 0.13, PME 0.39, PLE 0.27, AME – AME 0.19, AME – ALE 0.16, PME – PME 0.36, PLE – PLE 1.07. Width of anterior eye row 0.87, second row 1.06, third row 1.46. Clypeus height at AME 0.19. Chelicerae as in male. For legs’ measurements see Table 3. For legs’ spination see Table 4.</p><p>Epigyne as shown in Figs 33–38. Epigynal plate trapezoidal, convex, with large trapezoidal fovea located posteriorly, septum absent. Fovea (Fo) ca. 3 times wider than long. Copulatory openings (CO) located at antero-lateral parts of fovea. Copulatory ducts (CD) membranous, corkscrew-shaped, form approximately 3 turns around fertilization ducts (FD). Receptacles (Re) screw-shaped, strongly sclerotized; heads (RH) touching each other. Fertilization ducts (FD) sinusoidal, strongly sclerotized. Rod-shaped glands (RG) located posterior to the copulatory openings.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honour of Uvaido Kudratbekov (Porshinev, Tajikistan) who helped to organize an expedition to Pamir Mountains in which the types of this new species were collected.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Figs 51 – 54).</p><p>Note.</p><p>Having only one female, we cannot cut the single epigyne to check the origin of membranous ducts in endogyne, which would allow us to perceive if they are copulatory or fertilization ducts. Membranous parts of the endogyne are unknown in other lycosids occurring in the Holarctic.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The specimens were collected among stone screes (Fig. 51) on elevations about 4700 m.</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Among the genera of alpine Lycosidae inhabiting stone screes in the Palearctic are the following: Acantholycosa Dahl, 1908; Dzhungarocosa; Evippa Simon, 1882; Gulocosa Marusik et al. 2015; Mongolicosa Marusik et al. 2004 and Sibirocosa Marusik et al. 2004 (see Table 5). Species from all of these genera share one common character: they have more than three pairs of ventral spines on tibia I. This is true for the widespread Acantholycosa complex (group of genera) and in genera not related to Acantholycosa Dahl, 1908 (Marusik et al. 2015; Fomichev and Marusik 2017; Fomichev 2022). Unlike all other scree-dwelling wolf-spiders, P. kudratbekovi sp. nov. has only three pairs of ventral tibial spines on leg I, as in many non- scree dwelling Pardosinae spiders (cf. Figs 49, 50, 39–48).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E00C9A426235E1D8CC32F58800FB795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fomichev, Alexander A.;Omelko, Mikhail M.;Marusik, Yuri M.	Fomichev, Alexander A., Omelko, Mikhail M., Marusik, Yuri M. (2024): Pamirosa gen. nov., unexpected record of Artoriinae (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the rooftop of Pamir, Central Asia. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (3): 1005-1015, DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.123331
