identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEAE7FC9DF9DD.text	015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEAE7FC9DF9DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oedignatha shaanxi Chu & Lu & Li & Yao 2023	<div><p>Oedignatha shaanxi Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F2C24A55-27ED-4F11-A6B0-D8115F0CC07F</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ♀ (IZCAS-Ar44320) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.985886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.009617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.985886/lat 34.009617)">Nanwutai Scenic Spot</a> (34°00.577′N, 108°59.153′E), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 23 September 1977, collector unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. The female is similar to O. mogamoga Marples, 1955 in having a membranous epigynal window, but can be distinguished by the epigyne lacking spots (present in O. mogamoga), the vulva with copulatory ducts (absent in O. mogamoga), spermathecae nearly heart-shaped (vs. nearly reniform in O. mogamoga), and bursa spherical (vs. elliptical in O. mogamoga) (cf. Fig. 2A–B with Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: figs 369–370).</p><p>Description. Female (holotype, IZCAS-Ar44320; Fig. 2C–D): total body length 7.03, carapace 3.19 long, 2.33 wide; opisthosoma 3.84 long, 2.08 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.15, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.17, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.28, ALE–PLE 0.12; MOA 0.49 long, anterior width 0.43, posterior width 0.50. Carapace reddish-brown, sclerotized, oval but constricted at coxa I; fovea longitudinal, slit-like. Chelicerae reddish-brown with dorsal protuberance, with three pro- and eight retromarginal teeth. Endites and labium reddish-brown; endites with large, semicircular membranous area subapically, apical margin with long, curved setae; labium width/length: 0.59/0.71, with subbasal constriction. Sternum reddish-brown, shield-shaped, with intercoxal sclerites between coxae; posterior margin extending between coxae IV. Legs yellowish, tarsi with two dentate claws. Leg spination: femur I pl 1 do 1, II–IV do 1; tibia I plv 9 rlv 8, II plv 8 rlv 6, III plv 2 rlv 2, IV plv 3 rlv 3; metatarsus I plv 6 rlv 6, II plv 5 rlv 4, III plv 1 rlv 1, IV plv 2 rlv 2. Palp and leg measurements: palp 3.97 (1.31, 0.63, 0.81, -, 1.22), I 9.39 (2.50, 0.91, 2.33, 2.25, 1.40), II 8.11 (2.25, 0.88, 1.84, 1.86, 1.28), III 7.09 (2.03, 0.85, 1.34, 1.70, 1.17), IV 10.50 (2.78, 0.98, 2.30, 2.84, 1.60). Leg formula: 4123. Dorsal opisthosoma reddish-brown with dark brown stripes, with scutum covering four-fifths of dorsal surface. Lateral opisthosoma with dark brown stripes. Ventral opisthosoma yellowish, epigastric scutum reddish-brown. Spinnerets yellowish.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 2A–B). Epigynal plate nearly fan-shaped, length/width: 1.45/1.01; posterior part medially with membranous epigynal window (Fig. 2A). Copulatory openings hidden under epigynal plate (Fig. 2A). Copulatory ducts short (Fig. 2B). Spermathecae nearly heart-shaped, separated by less than their diameter from each other (Fig. 2B). Bursa spherical (Fig. 2B). Fertilization ducts pointing antero-laterally (Fig. 2B).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEAE7FC9DF9DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chu, Chang;Lu, Ying;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Chu, Chang, Lu, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2023): Three new species of liocranid spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Nepal. Zootaxa 5285 (1): 176-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8
015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEB8FFC3BFE06.text	015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEB8FFC3BFE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oedignatha Thorell 1881	<div><p>Genus Oedignatha Thorell, 1881</p><p>Type species: Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus is similar to Koppe Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 in having massive chelicerae and a simplistic genitalic organ structure, but can be distinguished by the carapace surface with granules or pits (absent in Koppe), clypeus with a conical hump (vs. slight or absent in Koppe), intercoxal sclerites not enlarged (present in Koppe), and the posterior window of the epigyne without a membranous or partly sclerotized flap (present in Koppe) (cf. Fig. 2A–D with Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: figs 375–425).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEB8FFC3BFE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chu, Chang;Lu, Ying;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Chu, Chang, Lu, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2023): Three new species of liocranid spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Nepal. Zootaxa 5285 (1): 176-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8
015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEDDFFEAAF875.text	015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEDDFFEAAF875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratus Simon 1898	<div><p>Genus Paratus Simon, 1898</p><p>Type species: Paratus reticulatus Simon, 1898, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. It can be distinguished from other genera of the family by the carapace almost globular, highest point of carapace at fovea, coxa I without retrocoxal window, leg length almost uniform, bulb globular, without subtegulum, epigynal plate simple, without fovea, grooves or outgrowths, copulatory openings hidden under epigynal plate, and fertilization ducts longer than diameter of spermathecae (cf. Figs 3A–C, 4A–B, 5A–B, 6A–C, 7A–B, 8A–F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/015E879F3843AF4D2EDAEDDFFEAAF875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chu, Chang;Lu, Ying;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Chu, Chang, Lu, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2023): Three new species of liocranid spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Nepal. Zootaxa 5285 (1): 176-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8
015E879F3844AF492EDAEB8FFC80FD59.text	015E879F3844AF492EDAEB8FFC80FD59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratus bagmati Chu & Lu & Li & Yao 2023	<div><p>Paratus bagmati Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 3–5</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D862287D-C063-47D6-9EF6-4781EDEF30FF</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ♁ (IZCAS-Ar44321), Mude (27°41.118′N, 85°56.136′E, 2653 ± 6 m a.s.l.), Bagmati, Nepal, 23 March 2019, leg. X. Zhang and J. Liu.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male is similar to P. sinensis Marusik, Zheng &amp; Li, 2008 in having a straight, spine-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis, but can be distinguished by the embolus originating anterolaterally to bulb (vs. medially in P. sinensis), bulb with a circular depression under the embolus (absent in P. sinensis), bulb without a tegular outgrowth (present in P. sinensis), and the thin part of the sperm duct without a circular twist (present in P. sinensis) (cf. Figs 3A–C, 4A–B with Marusik et al. 2008: figs 12–18).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype, IZCAS-Ar44321; Fig. 5A–B): total length 3.01, carapace 1.33 long, 1.26 wide, opisthosoma 1.68 long, 1.34 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.10, PME 0.11, PLE 0.10; AME– AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.09, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.04; MOA 0.29 long, anterior width 0.24, posterior width 0.28. Carapace bright yellow, with two pairs of dark brown bands laterally. Highest point of carapace at fovea. Fovea reddish, long and straight. Cervical groove indistinct, radial groove distinct. Chelicerae same color as carapace, with three pro- and three retromarginal teeth. Endites yellowish with light brown patterns, longer than wide, narrower at middle. Labium yellow with brown patterns. Sternum yellowish with brown patterns. Legs colored as carapace, femora II–IV with two distinct black annuli that divide femora into three almost equal parts. Leg spination: tibia I plv 6 rlv 6, II plv 5 rlv 5, metatarsi I–II plv 3 rlv 3. Palp and leg measurements: palp 1.57 (0.52, 0.22, 0.20, -, 0.63), I 4.06 (1.18, 0.47, 1.06, 0.86, 0.49), II 4.00 (1.20, 0.45, 1.01, 0.84, 0.50), III 4.07 (1.20, 0.44, 0.91, 0.94, 0.58), IV 4.45 (1.33, 0.41, 1.01, 1.03, 0.67). Leg formula: 4312. Dorsal opisthosoma grey, with brown patches and irregular white guanine spots. Lateral and ventral opisthosoma grey, with brown patches. Spinnerets yellowish, base of anterior lateral spinnerets with dark brown bands.</p><p>Palp (Figs 3A–C, 4A–B). Retrolateral tibial apophysis straight, spine-shaped, with blunt tip, vertical in retrolateral view (Fig. 3C). Bulb globular, with circular depression under embolus (Fig. 3B). Embolus originating anterolaterally to bulb, strongly curved and sclerotized along margin, with wide base and narrow, blunt tip directed at 2 o’ clock ventrally (Figs 3A–C, 4A–B). Sperm duct long, basal thick part forming loop, distal thin part with two twists, one nearly inverted C-shaped, hidden at base of embolus, the other nearly U-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 4A–B).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Natural history. This species was found in Rhododendron leaf litter.</p><p>Distribution. Nepal (Bagmati, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/015E879F3844AF492EDAEB8FFC80FD59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chu, Chang;Lu, Ying;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Chu, Chang, Lu, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2023): Three new species of liocranid spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Nepal. Zootaxa 5285 (1): 176-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8
015E879F3847AF462EDAE85BFC96FC29.text	015E879F3847AF462EDAE85BFC96FC29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratus ledong Chu & Lu & Li & Yao 2023	<div><p>Paratus ledong Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 6–8</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5629FF03-FDA4-4AC4-A188-EBB5A810EED8</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ♁ (IZCAS-Ar44322), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.86691&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.737867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.86691/lat 18.737867)">Jianfengling National Nature Reserve</a> (18°44.272′N, 108°52.015′E, 864 m a.s.l.), Ledong County, Hainan, China, 13 August 2010, leg. G. Zheng.</p><p>Paratypes: 1♁ (IZCAS-Ar44323) and 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar44324), same data as holotype, but 18°44.051′N, 108°52.317′E, 975 m a.s.l., 14August 2010; 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar44325), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.85455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.723116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.85455/lat 18.723116)">Diaoluoshan National Forest</a> Park (18°43.387′N, 109°51.273′E, 935 m a.s.l.), Lingshui County, Hainan, China, 10 August 2010 , collector same as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. The males are similar to P. halabala Zapata &amp; Ramírez, 2010 in having an L-shaped embolus, but can be distinguished by the bulb with arc-shaped tegular outgrowth (absent in P. halabala), embolus with membranous sclerite subdistally (absent in P. halabala), palp without conductor (present in P. halabala), larger twist of the thin part of the sperm duct U-shaped ventrally (vs. inverted C-shaped in P. halabala), and the long retrolateral tibial apophysis (vs. short in P. halabala) (cf. Figs 6A–C, 7A–B with Zapata &amp; Ramírez 2010: figs 6–13). The females are similar to P. perus Sankaran, Malamel, Joseph &amp; Sebastian, 2017 in having a W-shaped posterior margin and long fertilization ducts, but can be distinguished by the nearly rectangular copulatory openings (vs. circular in P. perus), posterior part of the vulva medially with a translucent, rectangular sclerite (absent in P. perus), median diverticulum without an inverted triangular plate (present in P. perus), copulatory ducts without a sharp median twist (present in P. perus), and spermathecae separated by about 1.5 times their diameter (vs. 0.2 times in P. perus) (cf. Fig. 8A–B with Sankaran et al. 2017: fig. 2E–F).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype, IZCAS-Ar44322; Fig. 8C–D): total body length 2.53, carapace 1.20 long, 1.18 wide, opisthosoma 1.33 long, 1.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.04; MOA 0.28 long, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.28. Carapace bright yellow, with two pairs of indistinct brown bands laterally. Highest point of carapace at fovea. Fovea brown, long and straight. Cervical groove indistinct, radial groove distinct. Chelicerae darker than carapace, with three pro- and two retromarginal teeth. Endites yellow without patterns, longer than wide, narrower at middle. Labium yellow without patterns. Sternum yellowish, without patterns. Legs colored as carapace, all femora with two distinct black annuli that divide femora into three almost equal parts. Leg spination: tibiae I–II plv 7 rlv 7, metatarsi I–II plv 3 rlv 3. Palp and leg measurements: palp 1.53 (0.49, 0.23, 0.22, -, 0.59), I 3.50 (1.01, 0.37, 1.04, 0.73, 0.35), II 3.37 (0.95, 0.38, 0.98, 0.69, 0.37), III 3.68 (1.02, 0.39, 0.96, 0.86, 0.45), IV 3.72 (1.08, 0.36, 0.80, 0.98, 0.50). Leg formula: 4312. Dorsal and lateral opisthosoma grey, with brown patches. Ventral opisthosoma grey, with brown patches posteriorly. Spinnerets yellowish.</p><p>Palp (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B). Retrolateral tibial apophysis thin, with slight prolateral curvature distally, with blunt tip (Fig. 6A–C). Bulb globular, with arc-shaped tegular outgrowth (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B). Embolus L-shaped, weakly sclerotized along margin, originating subdistally to bulb; membranous sclerite originating subdistally to embolus, its tip extending above embolus (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B). Sperm duct long, basal thick part forming loop, distal thin part with two twists near base of embolus, smaller one circular and larger one U-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 7A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS-Ar44324; Fig. 8E–F): total body length 2.86, carapace 1.36 long, 1.33 wide, opisthosoma 1.50 long, 1.02 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10; AME– AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.04; MOA 0.25 long, anterior width 0.27, posterior width 0.29. Fovea reddish-brown. Leg spination: tibiae I–II plv 7 rlv 6, metatarsi I–II plv 3 rlv 3. Palp and leg measurements: palp 1.41 (0.47, 0.23, 0.24, -, 0.47), I 3.31 (0.94, 0.40, 1.04, 0.63, 0.30), II 3.52 (1.06, 0.40, 0.98, 0.68, 0.40), III 3.91 (1.16, 0.40, 1.01, 0.87, 0.47), IV 4.14 (1.17, 0.40, 1.02, 1.01, 0.54). Leg formula: 4321. Ventral opisthosoma grey, without patches. Other characters same as holotype.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 8A–B). Epigynal plate weakly sclerotized. Copulatory openings hidden under epigynal plate (Fig. 8A). Posterior part of vulva medially with translucent, rectangular sclerite (arrow in Fig. 8B). Copulatory ducts long, curved (Fig. 8B). Spermathecae small and nearly oval, separated by about 1.5 times their diameter (Fig. 8B). Fertilization ducts curved distally, longer than diameter of spermathecae (Fig. 8B).</p><p>Variation. Paratype male (IZCAS-Ar44323): total body length 2.72. Leg spination: tibiae I–II plv 7 rlv 6, metatarsi I–II plv 3 rlv 3. Second paratype female (IZCAS-Ar44325): total body length 3.14. Leg spination: tibiae I–II plv 6 rlv 6, metatarsi I–II plv 3 rlv 3.</p><p>Natural history. This species was found in leaf litter.</p><p>Distribution. China (Hainan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/015E879F3847AF462EDAE85BFC96FC29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chu, Chang;Lu, Ying;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Chu, Chang, Lu, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2023): Three new species of liocranid spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Nepal. Zootaxa 5285 (1): 176-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5285.1.8
