identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6AD4F4F54C665DC4BCE076319828A672.text	6AD4F4F54C665DC4BCE076319828A672.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina beibengensis Luo, Mao & Zhou 2025	<div><p>Murina beibengensis Luo, Mao &amp; Zhou sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, Table 2, Suppl. material 2</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>• Adult male, field number XZ 2024037 (Figs 4, 5, Table 2), collected by Tao Luo, Ming-Le Mao, Chang-Ting Lan, Zi-Fa Zhao, and Zhong-Lian Wang on 15 August 2024, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.150085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.229265" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.150085/lat 29.229265)">Beibeng Township</a>, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (29.22926454°N, 95.15008271°E; ca. 864 m. a. s. l.; Fig. 1).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) and body mass (in g) of the holotype.</p><p>HB: 43.25, EL: 16.18, EW: 8.61, TRL: 8.67, TRW: 2.29, HFL: 8.64, FL: 31.94, TIB: 18.42, GTL: 15.68, CCL: 12.50, BCW: 7.57, BCH: 7.78, ZYW: 8.20, MAW: 7.58, IOW: 4.24, CM 3 L: 4.98, C 1 C 1 W: 3.65, M 3 M 3 W: 4.61, RCM: 0.79, CM 3 L: 5.92, ML: 11.52, MDL: 11.98, CPH: 4.38; BW: 6.20.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet beibengensis refers to the type locality of the new species: Beibeng Township, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China. We propose the common English name “ Beibeng Tube-nosed Bat ” and the Chinese name “ Bèi Bēng Guǎn Bí Fú (背崩管鼻蝠) ”.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Murina beibengensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small-size Murina, FL 31.94 mm, GTL 15.68 mm; (2) dorsal fur orangish-yellow overall, grey at the base, gradually transitioning to orange-yellow tips halfway from the base; (3) ventral fur silvery-gray overall, dark grey at the base, with silvery-gray tips; (4) ears broadly rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margins; (5) forearm and wrists covered with sparse hairs; (6) wing attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe; (7) sagittal and lambdoid crests well developed; (8) I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3 and partially visible in the lateral view, and I 2 slightly taller than I 3; (9) mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced; (10) C 1 taller than P 4, P 2 smaller than P 4 in height, and crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4; (11) P 2 approximately equal to P 4 in height, with a basal area 2 / 3 that of P 4; (12) C 1 larger than P 4 in height and basal area; (13) mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below P 2.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data of Murina beibengensis sp. nov. are provided in Table 2 and Suppl. material 2. Small-size Murina, HB 43.25 mm, FL 31.94 mm, EL 16.18 mm, HFL 8.64 mm, and BW 6.20 g. Nostrils tubular, open sideways, and slightly short. Ears small, short, oval, blunt at tips, with smoothly convex anterior margins, not notched on posterior margin. Tragus short, narrow, and tapering toward a pointed tip, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin, and basal notch, and slightly curved outward, about half as long as ear. Body covered with thick and fluffy hair. Dorsal hairs orangish-yellow overall (bicolored, grayish black at the base, gradually transitioning to orange-yellow tips halfway from base). Dorsal hairs extend onto bases of wings; uropatagium, thumbs, forearm, wrist, tibia, and feet, with well-developed fringe of hairs around margin of uropatagium. Densely furred anterior 1 / 3 of the dorsal uropatagium, posterior 2 / 3 covered with sparse hairs. Ventral hairs are silvery-gray overall, tricolored, gray-white at the base, central dark gray, with silvery-gray tips. Flesh purple around the eyes, muzzle, and lower forehead, and the face is hairy except for the long, protuberant nostrils that are naked. TL 32.69 mm, tip of the tail extending significantly past the rear edge of the uropatagium, tip slightly free. Plagiopatagium attachment point located at the middle of the claw of the first toe.</p><p>Skull robust and domed, relatively small, GTL 15.68 mm. Rostrum long, deep, gradually ascending to forehead; prominent median depression present. Sagittal and lambdoid crests well developed. In dorsal view, braincase nearly rounded; zygomatic arches weak and slender, gradually widening posteriorly, widest at the base of the zygomatic arches; posterior margin of skull not protruding; middle from snout to frontal region distinctly concave downward. In lateral view, skull slightly elongated, with elongated oval braincase; height gradually rising from snout to parietal, with slightly increasing slope from snout to frontal and decreasing slope from frontal to parietal; slight depression between snout and frontal, without distinct prominence at frontal; zygomatic arches gradually rising from anterior to posterior, highest at the middle of zygomatic arches. In ventral view, palatine wide and nearly flat, ending at midpoint of C 1; basisphenoid pits slightly shallowly teardrop-shaped, extending posteriorly to anterior third of cochlea. Mandible length 11.52 mm, inverted L-shaped. Line between coronoid process and condyle nearly flat; distinct inward depression between condyle and angle; angle slightly long and wide; mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below P 2.</p><p>Dental morphology: Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, P 2 / 2, M 3 / 3 = 34 (Fig. 5). In the maxilla, I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3 and partially visible in the lateral view; the crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4 and smaller than that of C 1. Based on these characters, the species belongs to the “ cyclotis - type ”. Maxillary dentition converges slightly anteriorly (RCM = 0.79). I 2 and I 3 bicuspid, smaller secondary cusp situated posterior to primary cusp; I 2 is slightly taller than I 3, with a crown area half that of I 3; distinct gap between posterior of I 3 and C 1, not in contact, about 1 / 3 of height of C 1. C 1 taller than P 4, slightly elongated and lacking secondary cusps, crown area approximately equal to P 4; P 2 is slightly smaller, delicate and pointed, about 4 / 5 as high as P 4 and 2 / 3 as high as C 1, crown area of P 2 is 2 / 3 that of P 4. Mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced, but retaining distinct cusps; paracone, protocone, metacone, and parastyle well developed. M 3 are reduced, with only parastyle, paracone, and protocone. In the mandible, the first, second, and third lower incisors (I 1, I 2, and I 3) smaller, tricuspid, nearly equal in height and width; slight overlap of outer cusps of I 1, I 2, and I 3 with gradual increase in height from I 1 to C 1. C 1 contains pointed cusp on anterior inner margin, in contact with I 3 outer cusp, exceeding P 2 and P 4 in height and basal area; C 1 larger than P 4 in height and basal area. P 2 nearly equal to P 4 in height, and the basal and crown area of P 2 approximately 2 / 3 that of P 4. In lateral view, trigonids of M 1, M 2, and M 3, metaconid, and paraconid approximately 2 / 3 as high as protoconid. Talonids of M 1 and M 2 are approximately half the size of trigonids; entoconid and hypoconid distinctly separated from trigonid, nearly equal to metaconid and paraconid in height. M 1 and M 2 are nyctalodont types, with well-developed entoconids. M 3 reduced, talonid approximately 1 / 3 as long as trigonid, paraconid, protoconid, and metaconid complete and well developed.</p><p>Morphological comparisons with congeneric species.</p><p>Based on its dentition, I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3, and I 2 is partially visible in the lateral view, and crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4, Murina beibengensis sp. nov. belongs to the “ cyclotis - type ” a character that distinguishes 30 species belonging to the “ suilla - type ”, I 2 is anterior to I 3, I 2 is clearly visible in the lateral view, and the crown area of P 2 is half or less than that of P 4, including M. rubella, M. aurata, M. balaensis, M. beelzebub, M. bicolor, M. chrysochaetes, M. eleryi, M. fanjingshanensis, M. feae, M. fusca, M. gracilis, M. harpioloides, M. hilgendorfi, M. hkakaboraziensis, M. jaintiana, M. jinchui, M. kontumensis, M. leucogaster, M. liboensis, M. lorelieae, M. rongjiangensis, M. ryukyuana, M. shuipuensis, M. suilla, M. tenebrosa, M. tubinaris, M. ussuriensis, M. walstoni, M. yuanyang, and M. yushuensis . Detailed morphological differences between the new species and congeners are listed in Suppl. material 5 and illustrated in Suppl. material 1: fig. S 3.</p><p>Within the “ cyclotis - type ”, Murina beibengensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. aenea, M. fionae, M. harrisoni, M. huttoni, M. peninsularis, and M. puta by the forearm length 31.94 mm (vs. forearm length over 33 mm); from M. annamitica, M. pluvialis, and M. recondita by lacking off-white circumferential band around the neck (vs. present); from M. cyclotis and M. guilleni by the very well-developed sagittal and lambdoid crests (vs. poorly developed); and from M. rozendaali by ventral fur silvery-gray overall (vs. yellowish white) and mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 moderately reduced (vs. well-developed).</p><p>M. florium, which is not assigned to either the “ suilla - type ” or “ cyclotis - type ”, can be distinguished by the following morphological characters: P 2 is 2 / 3 the height of P 4 (vs. P 2 equal to P 4), and the mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced (vs. well-developed).</p><p>Habitat and ecology.</p><p>The new species is only found in two areas of Xizang, China. The type specimen was captured in a broad-leaved evergreen forest near Beibeng Township, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (about 2.8 km from the town center) using a harp net. The type locality has a subtropical climate with a mean annual temperature of 16 ° C and mean annual precipitation of 2500–3900 mm. The site is surrounded by several cash crops (e. g., tea trees and bananas). In addition, two Rhinolophus sp., six Hipposideros armiger, three H. pratti, and one Cynopterus sphinx were captured here and in the surrounding area. Another distribution site in a cave near Riduo Township, Maizhokunggar County, Lasa City, and Xizang Autonomous Region yielded two carcasses. This site has a highland temperate semi-arid monsoon climate, with a mean annual temperature of 0.8 ° C, mean annual precipitation of 350 mm, and sparse surrounding vegetation. Accordingly, we hypothesize that this new species may have a wider distribution in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.</p><p>Remark.</p><p>Two genetic samples, field numbers XZ 2024 B 05 and XZ 2024 B 12, gender unknown, collected from a cave near Riduo Township, Maizhokunggar County, Lasa City, and Xizang Autonomous Region, China (29.69274086°N, 92.24386096°E, 4414 m) on 12 August 2024. These two samples occurred as dry and decomposed carcasses; no morphological data could be obtained, and only muscle tissue was preserved for sequencing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6AD4F4F54C665DC4BCE076319828A672	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Luo, Tao;Mao, Ming-Le;Lan, Chang-Ting;Zhao, Zi-Fa;Wang, Zhong-Lian;Yu, Jing;Wang, Jia-Jia;Yan, Chen-Rui;Xiao, Ning;Zhou, Jiang	Luo, Tao, Mao, Ming-Le, Lan, Chang-Ting, Zhao, Zi-Fa, Wang, Zhong-Lian, Yu, Jing, Wang, Jia-Jia, Yan, Chen-Rui, Xiao, Ning, Zhou, Jiang (2025): Four new tube-nosed bat species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, based on morphological and molecular data. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1023-1055, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144375
362A7E5E02915BE1A4F4515A47F3A554.text	362A7E5E02915BE1A4F4515A47F3A554.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina medogensis Mao, Lan & Zhou 2025	<div><p>Murina medogensis Mao, Lan &amp; Zhou sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8, 9, Table 3, Suppl. material 2</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>• Adult male, field number XZ 2024038 (Figs 6, 7), collected by Ming-Le Mao, Tao Luo, Chang-Ting Lan, Zi-Fa Zhao, and Zhong-Lian Wang on 16 August 2024, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.28786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.298676" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.28786/lat 29.298676)">Medog Town</a>, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (29.29867524°N, 95.28785706°E; ca. 813 m. a. s. l.; Fig. 1).</p><p>Paratype.</p><p>• Field number XZ 2024006 (Figs 8, 9), adult female, collected near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.14752&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.229752" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.14752/lat 29.229752)">Beibeng Township</a>, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (29.2297514°N, 95.14752388°E; ca. 816 m) on 14 August 2024 .</p><p>Measurements (in mm) and body weight (in g) of the holotype.</p><p>HB: 38.46, EL: 11.89, EW: 6.79, TRL: 6.19, TRW: 1.94, HFL: 6.94, FL: 29.75, TIB: 15.47, GTL: 15.01, CCL: 14.09, BCW: 7.55, BCH: 6.71, ZYW: 8.74, MAW: 7.11, IOW: 4.39, CM 3 L: 4.82, C 1 C 1 W: 3.61, M 3 M 3 W: 5.07, RCM: 0.712, CM 3 L: 5.86, ML: 9.1, MDL: 10.21, CPH: 3.42; BW: 4.20.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet medogensis refers to the type locality of the new species: Medog Town, Medog County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China. We propose the common English name “ Medog Tube-nosed Bat ” and the Chinese name “ Mò Tuō Guǎn Bí Fú (墨脱管鼻蝠) ”.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Murina medogensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all of the other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small-size Murina, FL 29.75–31.24 mm, GTL 15.01–18.74 mm; (2) dorsal fur dark grayish overall, dark grey at the base, gradually transitioning to gray-brown / white tips 2 / 3 from the base; (3) ventral fur silvery-gray overall, dark grey at the base, with silvery-gray tips; (4) ears broadly rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margins; (5) forearm and wrists without covered sparse hairs; (6) wing attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe; (7) sagittal crest absent, lambdoid crest present and poorly developed; (8) I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3 and partially visible in the lateral view, I 2 equal to I 3 in height; (9) mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are well developed; (10) C 1 slightly lower than P 4 in height and crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4; (11) P 2 is approximately equal to P 4 in height, with a basal area 2 / 3 that of P 4; (12) C 1 taller than P 4 in height, crown area equal to P 2 and 2 / 3 of P 4; (13) mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below P 4; (14) without distinct prominence at frontal aspect of skull.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data of Murina medogensis sp. nov. are provided in Table 3 and Suppl. material 2. Small-size Murina, HB 37.68–38.46 mm, FL 29.75–31.24 mm, EL 11.89–14.06 mm, HFL 6.94–8.52 mm, and BW 4.20 g. Nostrils tubular, open sideways, and slightly short. Ears small, short, oval, blunt at tips, with smoothly convex anterior margins, not notched on posterior margin. Tragus short, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tips, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin, and basal notch, and it curves outwards slightly, about half as long as ear. Body covered with thick and fluffy hair. Dorsal hairs dark grayish overall (bicolored, dark grey at the base, gradually transitioning to gray-brown / white tips 2 / 3 from base). Dorsal hairs extend onto bases of wings, uropatagium, thumbs, tibia, and feet, with slight-developed fringe of hairs around margin of uropatagium. Densely furred anterior 1 / 3 of the dorsal uropatagium, posterior 2 / 3 covered with sparse hairs. Ventral hairs are silvery-gray overall, bicolored, dark grey at the base, with silvery-gray tips. Flesh-purple around the eyes, muzzle, and lower forehead, and the face is hairy except for the long, protuberant nostrils that are naked. TL 34.54–36.37 mm, slightly shorter than head-body length, tip of the tail extending significantly past the rear edge of the uropatagium, tip slightly free. Plagiopatagium attachment point located at about 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe, near base of claw (Fig. 6 F, G).</p><p>Skull robust and domed, relatively small, GTL 15.01–18.74 mm. Rostrum long, deep, gradually ascending to forehead; prominent median depression present. Sagittal crest absent, lambdoid crest present, poorly developed. In dorsal view, braincase nearly rounded; zygomatic arches weak and slender, gradually widening posteriorly, widest at the base of the zygomatic arches; posterior margin of skull slightly protruding; middle from snout to frontal region distinctly concave downward. In lateral view, skull slightly elongated, with elongated oval braincase; height gradually rising from snout to parietal, with slightly increasing slope from snout to frontal and decreasing slope from frontal to parietal; slight depression between snout and frontal, without distinct prominence at frontal; zygomatic arches gradually rising from anterior to posterior. In ventral view, palatine wide and nearly flat, ending at posterior margin of C 1; basisphenoid pits slightly shallowly teardrop-shaped, extending posteriorly to anterior third of cochlea. Mandible length 9.1 mm, inverted L-shaped. Line between coronoid process and condyle nearly flat; distinct inward depression between condyle and angle; angle slightly long and wide; mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below P 4.</p><p>Dental morphology: Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, P 2 / 2, M 3 / 3 = 34 (Figs 7, 8). In the maxilla, I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3 and partially visible in the lateral view; crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4 and smaller than that of C 1. Based on these characters, the species belongs to the “ cyclotis - type ”. Maxillary dentition converges slightly anteriorly (RCM = 0.71). I 2 and I 3 bicuspid, smaller secondary cusp situated posterior to primary cusp; I 2 equal to I 3 in height, crown area of I 2 less than half that of I 3; distinct gap between posterior surface of I 3 and C 1, not in contact, about half of height of C 1. C 1 slightly lower than P 4 in height, slightly elongated and lacking secondary cusps, crown area 2 / 3 that of P 4; P 2 slightly smaller, delicate and pointed, about half as high as P 4 and 2 / 3 as high as C 1, crown area 2 / 3 that of P 4. Mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced, but retaining distinct cusps; paracone, protocone, metacone, and parastyle well developed. M 3 reduced, with only parastyle, paracone, and protocone. In the mandible, I 1, I 2, and I 3 smaller, tricuspid, almost equal in height and width; slight overlap of outer cusps of I 1, I 2, and I 3; with gradual increase in height from I 1 to C 1. C 1 contains pointed cusp on anterior inner margin, in contact with I 3 outer cusp, exceeding P 2 and P 4 in height; C 1 equal to P 2 in basal area but smaller than P 4. P 2 slightly smaller than P 4 in height, and the basal and crown area of P 2 approximately 2 / 3 that of P 4. In lateral view, trigonids of M 1, M 2, and M 3, metaconid, and paraconid approximately 2 / 3 as high as protoconid in height. Talonids of M 1 and M 2 are slightly half the size of trigonids; entoconids and hypoconids distinctly separated from trigonids, lower than metaconid and paraconid. M 1 and M 2 are nyctalodont types, with well-developed entoconids. M 3 reduced, talonid approximately 1 / 3 as long as trigonid, paraconid, protoconid, and metaconid complete and well developed.</p><p>Morphological comparisons with congeneric species.</p><p>Based on its dentition, I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3, and I 2 is partially visible in the lateral view, and crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4, Murina medogensis sp. nov. belongs to the “ cyclotis - type ” a character that distinguishes 30 species belonging to the “ suilla - type ”, I 2 is anterior to I 3, I 2 is clearly visible in the lateral view, and the crown area of P 2 is half or less than that of P 4, including M. rubella, M. aurata, M. balaensis, M. beelzebub, M. bicolor, M. chrysochaetes, M. eleryi, M. fanjingshanensis, M. feae, M. fusca, M. gracilis, M. harpioloides, M. hilgendorfi, M. hkakaboraziensis, M. jaintiana, M. jinchui, M. kontumensis, M. leucogaster, M. liboensis, M. lorelieae, M. rongjiangensis, M. ryukyuana, M. shuipuensis, M. suilla, M. tenebrosa, M. tubinaris, M. ussuriensis, M. walstoni, M. yuanyang, and M. yushuensis . Detailed morphological differences between the new species and congeners are listed in Suppl. material 5 and illustrated in Suppl. material 1: fig. S 3.</p><p>Murina medogensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Murina beibengensis sp. nov. by dorsal fur dark grayish overall (vs. orangish-yellow), forearm and wrists without covered sparse hairs (vs. covered with sparse hairs), lambdoid crest well developed (vs. absent), C 1 slightly less than P 4 in height (vs. C 1 taller than P 4), P 2 slightly less than P 4 in height (vs. P 2 equal to P 4), and mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below P 4 (vs. situated below P 2).</p><p>Within the “ cyclotis - type ”, Murina beibengensis sp. nov. different from M. aenea, M. fionae, M. harrisoni, M. huttoni, and M. pluvialis by the forearm length 29.75–31.24 mm (vs. forearm length over 34 mm). By dorsal hairs dark grayish, Murina medogensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from M. aenea (vs. dark brown), M. fionae (vs. orange), M. harrisoni (vs. orangish brown), M. huttoni (vs. rusty brown), and M. pluvialis (vs. reddish brown).</p><p>Murina beibengensis sp. nov. different from M. annamitica, M. cyclotis, M. guilleni, M. peninsularis, and M. recondita by the sagittal crest absence (vs. presence) and dorsal hairs dark grayish (vs. orangish brown or yellowish brown). Murina beibengensis sp. nov. different from M. puta by the forearm length 29.75–31.24 mm (vs. 33.0–39.0 mm), dorsal fur (bicolored, with dark grey at the base and gray-brown tips vs. tricolored, with black at the base, tan in the middle, and reddish tips), and ventral fur silvery-gray (vs. paler). Murina beibengensis sp. nov. different from M. rozendaali by dorsal fur dark grayish (vs. shiny yellowish brown), ventral fur silvery-gray (vs. yellowish white), mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 reduced (vs. well-developed).</p><p>Murina medogensis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to M. jaintiana but can be distinctly distinguished from it by combining the following morphological characters: dorsal fur bicolored, dark grey at the base, gradually transitioning to gray-brown / white tips from 2 / 3 from base (vs. dorsal fur has three distinct bands: basal half dark grey, almost black, middle part dirty white, distal end brownish-grey), I 2 equal to I 3 in height (vs. I 2 smaller than I 3), C 1 slightly less than P 4 in height (vs. C 1 taller than P 4), and without distinct prominence at frontal aspect of skull (vs. with distinct prominence at frontal) (Ruedi et al. 2012).</p><p>For M. florium not assigned to “ suilla - type ” and “ cyclotis - type ”, can be distinguished by the combination of the following morphological characters: dorsal fur dark grayish overall (vs. gray-brown to orange rufous brown), absence of notch at the posterior margin of the ear (vs. distinct notch on posterior margin), and P 2 less than P 4 in height (vs. P 2 equal to P 4).</p><p>Habitat and ecology.</p><p>Currently, this new species is known only from Medog County, Nyingchi City, in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, where two specimens were captured using a harp-shaped trap in broad-leaved evergreen forests near Medog Town, Medog County, on 16 August 2024, at two locations approximately 8 km apart. The type locality exhibits a subtropical climate, characterized by a mean annual temperature of 16 ° C and mean annual precipitation ranging from 2500 to 3900 mm. The area is also surrounded by various cash crops, such as tea and banana plants. Additionally, species such as Harpiola isodon, Sphaerias blanfordi, Myotis sp., and Kerivoula kachinensis were also captured in the same region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/362A7E5E02915BE1A4F4515A47F3A554	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Luo, Tao;Mao, Ming-Le;Lan, Chang-Ting;Zhao, Zi-Fa;Wang, Zhong-Lian;Yu, Jing;Wang, Jia-Jia;Yan, Chen-Rui;Xiao, Ning;Zhou, Jiang	Luo, Tao, Mao, Ming-Le, Lan, Chang-Ting, Zhao, Zi-Fa, Wang, Zhong-Lian, Yu, Jing, Wang, Jia-Jia, Yan, Chen-Rui, Xiao, Ning, Zhou, Jiang (2025): Four new tube-nosed bat species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, based on morphological and molecular data. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1023-1055, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144375
43CF00CF05115D4EA66CE313F7025B21.text	43CF00CF05115D4EA66CE313F7025B21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina milinensis Luo, Mao & Zhou 2025	<div><p>Murina milinensis Luo, Mao &amp; Zhou sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 10, 11, 12, Table 4, Suppl. material 2</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>• Adult male, field number XZ 2023010 (Figs 10, 11), collected by Ming-Le Mao, Chang-Ting Lan, Zi-Fa Zhao, and Zhong-Lian Wang on 14 August 2023, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.20713&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.159893" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.20713/lat 29.159893)">Nanyi Lhoba Township</a>, Milin County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (29.1598922°N, 94.20712670°E; ca. 3020 m. a. s. l.; Fig. 1).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>• Eight specimens from the same locality as the holotype. Five males, field numbers XZ 2024066, XZ 2024065, XZ 2024067, XZ 2024074, and XZ 2024075. Three females, field numbers XZ 202384, XZ 2024072, and XZ 2024076. Female XZ 2024102 is from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.3419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.68319" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.3419/lat 28.68319)">Zari Township</a>, Longzi County, Shannan City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (28.68318987°N, 93.34190369°E; ca. 3450 m) .</p><p>Measurements (in mm) and body weight (in g) of the holotype.</p><p>HB: 34.68, EL: 12.74, EW: 7.89, TRL: 7.81, TRW: 5.35, HFL: 5.31, FL: 30.02, TIB: 12.75, GTL: 14.07, CCL: 12.01, BCW: 7.03, BCH: 6.49, ZYW: 8.07, MAW: 6.68, IOW: 4.40, CM 3 L: 4.44, C 1 C 1 W: 2.21, M 3 M 3 W: 4.97, RCM: 0.44, CM 3 L: 4.53, ML: 9.06, MDL: 9.46, CPH: 3.20; BW: 3.36.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet milinensis refers to the type locality of the new species: Nanyi Lhoba Township, Milin County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China. We propose the common English name “ Milin Tube-nosed Bat ” and the Chinese name “ Mǐ Lín Guǎn Bí Fú (米林管鼻蝠) ”.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all of the other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small-size Murina, FL 28.84–34.01 mm, GTL 14.07–14.27 mm; (2) dorsal fur brown-gold overall, black at the base, gradually transitioning to brown-gold tips 2 / 3 from the base; (3) ventral fur pale overall, dark black at the base, with grayish white at the tips; (4) ears narrow and oval, without smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margins; (5) forearm and wrists covered with sparse hairs; (6) wing attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe; (7) sagittal crest absent, lambdoid crest present and poorly developed; (8) I 2 is situated anterior to I 3 and clearly visible in the lateral view, I 2 equal to I 3 in height; (9) mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are slightly reduced; (10) C 1 less than P 4 in height, crown is about 2 / 3 of P 4; (11) P 2 approximately half of P 4 in height, crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4; (12) C 1 equal to P 4 in height and crown area; (13) mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below anterior margin of P 4.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data of Murina milinensis sp. nov. are provided in Table 4 and Suppl. material 2. Small-size Murina, HB 29.23–39.29 mm, FL 28.84–34.01 mm, EL 12.48–14.58 mm, HFL 5.31–9.18 mm, and BW 3.15–7.50 g. Nostrils tubular, open sideways, and slightly longer. Ears small, short, and narrow, oval, blunt at tips, with smoothly convex anterior margins, not notched on posterior margin. Tragus short, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin, and basal notch, and it curves outwards slightly, about half as long as ear. Body covered with thick and fluffy hair. Dorsal hairs brown-gold overall (bicolored, black at the base, gradually transitioning to brown-gold tips from 2 / 3 from base). Dorsal hairs extend onto bases of wings, uropatagium, thumbs, forearm, wrist, tibia, and feet, with slight-developed fringe of hairs around margin of uropatagium. Densely furred anterior 1 / 3 of the dorsal uropatagium, posterior 2 / 3 covered with sparse hairs. Ventral hairs are pale overall, bicolored, bicolored, dark black at the base and grayish white at the tips. Dark flesh-purple around the eyes, muzzle, and lower forehead, and the face is hairy except for the long, protuberant nostrils that are naked. TL 24.51–30.32 mm, slightly shorter than head-body length, tip of the tail extending significantly past the rear edge of the uropatagium, tip distinctly free. Plagiopatagium attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe, near base of claw (Fig. 10 F).</p><p>Skull robust, nearly oval, relatively small, GTL 14.07–14.27 mm. Rostrum long, deep, gradually ascending to forehead; prominent median depression present. Sagittal crest absent, lambdoid crest present, poorly developed. In dorsal view, braincase nearly domed; zygomatic arches weak and slender, gradually widening posteriorly, widest at the base of the zygomatic arches; posterior margin of skull slightly protruding; middle from snout to frontal region distinctly concave downward. In lateral view, skull slightly elongated, with elongated oval braincase; height gradually rising from snout to parietal, with slightly increasing slope from snout to frontal and decreasing slope from frontal to parietal; slight depression between snout and frontal, with slight distinct prominence at frontal; zygomatic arches gradually rising from anterior to posterior. In ventral view, palatine wide and nearly flat, ending at posterior margin of C 1; basisphenoid pits slightly shallowly tadpole-shaped, extending posteriorly to anterior half of cochlea. Mandible length 8.77–9.42 mm, inverted L-shaped in lateral view. Line between coronoid process and condyle nearly flat; distinct inward depression between condyle and angle; angle short and wide; mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below anterior margin of P 4.</p><p>Dental morphology: Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, P 2 / 2, M 3 / 3 = 34 (Figs 11, 12). In the maxilla, I 2 is situated anterior to I 3, and I 2 clearly visible laterally; crown area of P 2 approximately 1 / 3 that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1. Based on these characters, the species belongs to the “ suilla - type ”. Maxillary dentition converges slightly anteriorly (RCM = 0.44–0.70). I 2 and I 3 bicuspid, smaller secondary cusp situated posterior to primary cusp; I 2 almost equal to I 3 in height, crown area of I 2 half that of I 3; distinct gap between posterior surface of I 3 and C 1, not in contact, about half of height of C 1. C 1 less than P 4 in height, slightly elongated and lacking secondary cusps, crown area half that of P 4; P 2 slightly smaller, delicate and pointed, about half as high as P 4 and 2 / 3 as high as C 1, and crown area of P 2 is half that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1. Mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced, but retaining distinct cusps; paracone, protocone, metacone, and parastyle well developed. M 3 reduced, with only parastyle, paracone, and protocone. In the mandible, I 1, I 2, and I 3 smaller, tricuspid, almost equal in height and width; slight overlap of outer cusps of I 1, I 2, and I 3; with gradual increase in height from I 1 to C 1. C 1 contains pointed cusp on anterior inner margin, in contact with I 3 outer cusp. C 1 taller than P 2 and P 4 in height, with a basal area larger than P 2 but smaller than P 4. P 2 equal to P 4 in height, and the basal and crown areas are about half of P 4. In lateral view, trigonids of M 1, M 2, and M 3 clearly bicuspid, metaconid, and paraconid approximately 2 / 3 as high as protoconid in height. Talonid of M 1 and M 2 is slightly half the size of trigonid; entoconid and hypoconid distinctly separated from trigonid, lower than metaconid and paraconid, nearly equal to metaconid and paraconid in height. M 1 and M 2 are nyctalodont types, with well-developed entoconids. M 3 reduced, talonid approximately 1 / 3 as long as trigonid, paraconid, protoconid, and metaconid complete and well developed.</p><p>Morphological comparisons with congeneric species.</p><p>Based on its dentition, I 2 situated anterior to I 3, and the crown area of P 2 is less than half that of P 4 and smaller than that of C 1, Murina beibengensis sp. nov. belongs to the “ suilla - type ”, a character that distinguishes 12 species belonging to the “ cyclotis - type, ” including M. aenea, M. annamitica, M. cyclotis, M. fionae, M. guilleni, M. harrisoni, M. huttoni, M. peninsularis, M. pluvialis, M. puta, M. recondita, and M. rozendaali . Detailed morphological differences between the new species and congeners are listed in Suppl. material 5 and illustrated in Suppl. material 1: fig. S 3.</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Murina beibengensis sp. nov. by dorsal fur dark grayish overall (vs. brown-gold), ventral fur black at the base (vs. dark grey at the base), sagittal crest absent (vs. well-developed), I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3, and I 2 is partially visible in the lateral view (vs. I 2 is anterior to I 3, I 2 is clearly visible in the lateral view), I 2 equal to I 3 in height (vs. I 2 taller than I 3), and C 1 slightly less than P 4 in height (vs. C 1 taller than P 4).</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Murina medogensis sp. nov. by dorsal fur brown-gold (s. dark grayish), ventral fur pale (vs. silvery-gray), dorsal hairs extend onto forearm and wrist (vs. hairless forearms and wrists), I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3, and I 2 is partially visible in the lateral view (vs. I 2 is anterior to I 3, I 2 is clearly visible in the lateral view), and I 2 equal to I 3 in height (vs. I 2 taller than I 3).</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. fanjingshanensis, M. fusca, M. hilgendorfi, and M. leucogaster by the small size, forearm length 28.84–34.01 mm, and greatest length of skull 14.07–14.27 mm (vs. forearm length over 37 mm and greatest length of skull over 16 mm in the latter).</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. aurata by dorsal fur brown-gold, bicolored, black at the base, gradually transitioning to brown-gold tips from 2 / 3 from base (vs. golden brown), from M. balaensis (vs. orange-reddish), from M. eleryi (vs. coppery brown), from M. feae (vs. dark grayish), from M. jaintiana (vs. medium gray with brownish tinge), from M. jinchui (vs. brownish gray), from M. liboensis (vs. yellowish brown), from M. lorelieae (vs. reddish brown), from M. walstoni (vs. brownish gray), from M. walstoni (vs. warm brown, whitish at the base, orangish brown at tips), and from M. yuanyang (vs. bark gold). M. milinensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from M. bicolor by ventral fur is pale overall, bicolored, dark at the base, pale at tips (vs. uniformly yellow), from M. rongjiangensis (vs. bright yellowish orange), and from M. shuipuensis (vs. bright orange yellow).</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. beelzebub, M. gracilis, M. harpioloides, M. hkakaboraziensis, M. kontumensis, and M. suilla by the ears without smooth convex anterior margins and no notch on posterior margin (vs. with smoothly convex anterior margins, distinct notch on posterior margin); from M. chrysochaetes, M. ryukyuana, M. tenebrosa, M. ussuriensis, and M. yushuensis (vs. with smoothly convex anterior margins). By lambdoid crest absent and I 2 equal to I 3 in height, Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from M. rubella and M. chrysochaetes (vs. present, I 2 less than I 3); from M. rongjiangensis (vs. present, I 2 taller than I 3), and M. yushuensis (vs. present). Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. bicolor by sagittal crest absent (vs. present), C 1 slightly less than P 4 in height (vs. C 1 taller than P 4), P 2 less than P 4 in height (vs. P 2 taller than P 4), and C 1 taller than P 4 in height (vs. C 1 equal to P 4).</p><p>Murina milinensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. tubinaris by dorsal hairs brown-gold (vs. light gray), P 2 less than P 4 in height (vs. P 2 taller than P 4), ears without smooth convex anterior margins and no notch on posterior margin (vs. with smoothly convex anterior margins and small notch on posterior margins), and basal area of P 2 is larger than one-half that of P 4 (vs. less than one-half that of P 4).</p><p>For M. florium not assigned to “ suilla - type ” and “ cyclotis - type ”, can be distinguished by the combination of the following morphological characters: absence of notch at the posterior margin of the ear (vs. distinct notch on posterior margin), I 2 almost equal to I 3 in height (vs. I 2 taller than I 3), and P 2 slightly less than P 4 in height and crown area (vs. equally).</p><p>Habitat and ecology.</p><p>Currently, this new species is known only from two areas in the Xizang Autonomous Region, China. The type specimen was captured using a harp trap in a water channel near Nanyi Lhoba Township, Miling County, Nyingchi City, on 14 August 2023. A single additional specimen of the same species (Specimen No. XZ 2023084) was also captured at the same site. The water channel was approximately 4 m wide and 3 m deep, with a shallow flow of water (approximately 25 cm deep). Dense thickets grew along both sides of the channel. Nanyi Lhoba Township, situated at an elevation of about 3020 m, experiences a plateau temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of approximately 9.3 ° C and an annual rainfall of around 600 mm. The collection site is located in a river valley, surrounded by mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests as well as agricultural land, where wheat, highland barley, and oilseed rape are the primary crops. In August of the following year, we captured seven specimens of the same species at the same site. Additionally, the presence of Myotis sp. was recorded in this area.</p><p>Another distribution site is located in the mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest near Zari Township, Longzi County, Shannan City, where one specimen was captured using a harp-shaped trap. This site has a plateau temperate continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 10.3 ° C and annual precipitation ranging from 350 to 550 mm. The collection site is also situated in a river valley with dense vegetation. In the vicinity, we recorded Rhinolophus sp. and Myotis sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43CF00CF05115D4EA66CE313F7025B21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Luo, Tao;Mao, Ming-Le;Lan, Chang-Ting;Zhao, Zi-Fa;Wang, Zhong-Lian;Yu, Jing;Wang, Jia-Jia;Yan, Chen-Rui;Xiao, Ning;Zhou, Jiang	Luo, Tao, Mao, Ming-Le, Lan, Chang-Ting, Zhao, Zi-Fa, Wang, Zhong-Lian, Yu, Jing, Wang, Jia-Jia, Yan, Chen-Rui, Xiao, Ning, Zhou, Jiang (2025): Four new tube-nosed bat species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, based on morphological and molecular data. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1023-1055, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144375
9AA00AF9954B538FA2AA1317B0560C78.text	9AA00AF9954B538FA2AA1317B0560C78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina rubella Thomas 1914	<div><p>Murina rubella Thomas, 1914</p><p>Figs 15, 16, 17, Table 5, Suppl. material 2</p><p>Chresonymy.</p><p>Murina huttoni rubella: Zhang 1997 (Guangxi and Fujian, China); Wang 2003 (Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangxi, China); Csorba et al. 2007 (China); Francis and Eger 2012 (Fokien, China); Jiang 2015, 2021 (Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangxi, China); Zhang et al. 2016 (Jinggangshan National Natural Reserve, Jiangxi, China); Moratelli et al. 2019 (Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi, China; Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia). Murina huttoni: Zhou et al. 2011 (Guangdong, China); Jiang 2015, 2021 (Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guangxi, China); Huang et al. 2018 (Huibei, Zhejiang, China); Wei 2022 (Xizang, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, China); Wei et al. 2022 (China); Qin et al. 2023 (Anhui, China); and Liao et al. 2023 (Hunan, China).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>BMNH 1908.8. 11.6., adult male.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Kuatun, Fokien, China (Kuatun, Wuyishan City, Fujian Province, China).</p><p>Measurements (in mm) holotype.</p><p>FL: 37.50, GTL: 18.2 (Thomas 1914).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• Four male specimens (XZ 202387, XZ 202399, XZ 2023102, and XZ 2023104) and three female specimens (XZ 2024041, XZ 2023101, and XZ 2023103) were collected from Xiachayu Town, Zayu County, Nyingchi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China . • One female specimen (GS 20240031, Figu. 15) was collected from Yaodu Town, Wen County, Longnan City, Gansu Province, China .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ rubella ” comes from the Latin word rubellus, meaning “ slightly reddish ” or “ reddish ”. The common English name “ Fujian Tube-nosed Bat ” and the Chinese name “ Fú Jiàn Guǎn Bí Fú (福建管鼻蝠) ”.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Murina rubella can be distinguished from all of the other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) larger body size, FL 34.24–38.45 mm, GTL 17.08–18.51 mm; (2) dorsal fur tan overall, pale brown at the base, gradually transitioning to dark tan tips from 2 / 3 from base; (3) ventral fur uniformly pale brown overall, black at the base, gray-white at tips; (4) ears narrow and oval, with smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margins; (5) forearm and wrists covered with sparse hairs; (6) wing attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe; (7) without off-white circumferential band around the neck; (8) sagittal and lambdoid crests absent; (9) I 2 is situated anterior to I 3 and clearly visible in lateral view, I 2 slightly smaller than I 3 in height; (10) mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are slightly reduced; (11) C 1 slightly smaller than P 4 in height, crown is about 2 / 3 of P 4; (12) P 2 approximately half of P 4 in height, crown area 2 / 3 that of P 4; (13) C 1 equal to P 4 in height and crown area.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Morphometric data of M. rubella are provided in Table 5 and Suppl. material 2. Medium-size Murina, HB 37.29–48.73 mm, FL 34.24–38.45 mm, EL 16.15–17.68 mm, HFL 7.58–9.49 mm, and BW 4.00–21.00 g. Nostrils tubular, open sideways, and short. Ears slightly large, short, and broadly rounded, blunt at tips, with smoothly convex anterior margins, not notched on posterior margin. Tragus short, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin, and basal notch, and it curves outwards slightly, about half as long as ear. Body covered with thick and fluffy hair. Dorsal hairs tan, similar to rust color (pale brown at the base, gradually transitioning to dark tan tips from 2 / 3 from base). Dorsal hairs extend onto bases of wings, uropatagium, thumbs, forearm, and feet, with slight-developed fringe of hairs around margin of uropatagium. Densely furred anterior 1 / 3 of the dorsal uropatagium, posterior 2 / 3 covered with sparse hairs. Ventral hairs uniformly pale brown overall. Without off-white circumferential band around the neck. Dark reddish-brown around the eyes, muzzle, and lower forehead, and the face is hairy except for the long, protuberant nostrils that are naked. TL 36.53–40.69 mm, slightly shorter than head-body length, tip of the tail extending significantly past the rear edge of the uropatagium, tip slight free. Plagiopatagium attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe, near base of claw (Fig. 15 G).</p><p>Skull robust, nearly oval, relatively small, GTL 17.08–18.51 mm. Rostrum long, deep, gradually ascending to forehead; prominent median depression present. Sagittal and lambdoid crests absent. In dorsal view, braincase domed; zygomatic arches weak and slender, gradually widening posteriorly, widest at the base of the zygomatic arches; posterior margin of skull slightly protruding; middle from snout to frontal region distinctly concave downward. In lateral view, skull slightly elongated, with elongated oval braincase; height gradually rising from snout to parietal, with slightly increasing slope from snout to frontal and decreasing slope from frontal to parietal; slight depression between snout and frontal, with distinct prominence at frontal; zygomatic arches gradually rising from anterior to posterior. In ventral view, palatine wide and nearly flat, ending at posterior margin of C 1; basisphenoid pits slightly shallowly teardrop-shaped, extending posteriorly to anterior half of cochlea. Mandible length 11.03–12.49 mm, inverted L-shaped in lateral view. Line between coronoid process and condyle nearly flat; distinct inward depression between condyle and angle; angle short and wide; mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below anterior margin of P 2.</p><p>Dental morphology: Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, P 2 / 2, M 3 / 3 = 34 (Fig. 16). In the maxilla, I 2 is situated anterior to I 3, and I 2 clearly visible laterally; crown area of P 2 approximately half that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1. Based on these characters, the M. rubella belongs to the “ suilla - type ”. Maxillary dentition converges slightly anteriorly (RCM = 0.63–0.80). I 2 and I 3 bicuspid, smaller secondary cusp situated posterior to primary cusp; I 2 slightly smaller than I 3 in height, crown area of I 2 2 / 3 that of I 3; distinct gap between posterior surface of I 3 and C 1, not in contact, about half of height of C 1. C 1 slightly smaller than P 4 in height, slightly elongated and lacking secondary cusps, crown area 2 / 3 that of P 4. P 2 smaller, delicate and pointed, about half of P 4 and 2 / 3 of C 1 in height, and crown area of P 2 is half that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1. Mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced, but retaining distinct cusps; paracone, protocone, metacone, and parastyle well developed. M 3 reduced, with only parastyle, paracone, and protocone. In the mandible, I 1, I 2, and I 3 smaller, tricuspid, almost equal in height and width; slight overlap of outer cusps of I 1, I 2, and I 3; with gradual increase in height from I 1 to C 1. C 1 without pointed cusp on anterior inner margin, in contact with I 3 outer cusp. C 1 taller than P 4 and equal in basal area to P 4. P 2 exceeded four-fifths of P 4 in height, and the basal and crown areas are about 2 / 3 of P 4. In lateral view, trigonids of M 1, M 2, and M 3, metaconidhe slightly equal to protoconid in height, paraconid about 1 / 3 of protoconid. Talonid of M 1 and M 2 almost the same size as trigonid; entoconid and hypoconid distinctly separated from trigonid, lower than metaconid and paraconid, nearly equal to metaconid and paraconid in height. M 1 and M 2 are nyctalodont types, with well-developed entoconids. M 3 reduced, talonid approximately 1 / 3 as long as trigonid, paraconid, protoconid, and metaconid complete and well developed.</p><p>Morphological comparisons with congeneric species.</p><p>Based on its dentition, I 2 is situated anterior to I 3 and crown area of P 2 approximately half that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1, M. rubella belongs to the “ suilla - type ”, a character that distinguishes 14 species belonging to the “ cyclotis - type ”, including M. aenea, M. annamitica, M. cyclotis, M. fionae, M. guilleni, M. harrisoni, M. huttoni, M. peninsularis, M. pluvialis, M. puta, M. recondita, and M. rozendaali . Detailed morphological differences between the M. rubella and congeners are shown in Suppl. material 5 and Suppl. material 1: fig. S 3.</p><p>Murina rubella can be distinguished from M. beibengensis sp. nov. by the dorsal hairs dark tan (vs. orangish-yellow overall), from M. medogensis sp. nov. (vs. dark grayish), from M. yadongensis sp. nov. (vs. brown-gold), M. milinensis sp. nov. (vs. brown-gold), from M. aurata (vs. golden brown with golden tips), from M. balaensis (vs. golden orangish brown, with orange reddish brown tips), from M. harpioloides (vs. orangish brown with orange gold tips), from M. hilgendorfi (vs. silvery brownish gray), from M. jaintiana (vs. medium gray with brownish tinge), from M. jinchui (vs. brownish gray), from M. liboensis (vs. yellowish brown), from M. shuipuensis (vs. golden grayish brown), from M. suilla (vs. orangish brown), from M. tubinaris (vs. light grayish brown), and from M. yushuensis (vs. brown-gold).</p><p>Murina rubella can be distinguished from M. chrysochaetes, M. gracilis, M. kontumensis, and M. yuanyang by without off-white circumferential band around the neck (vs. absent). By the ears with smooth convex anterior margins, but without notch on posterior margin, M. rubella can be distinguished from M. beelzebub, M. bicolor, M. eleryi, M. fanjingshanensis, M. hkakaboraziensis, M. leucogaster, and M. rongjiangensis (vs. with distinct notch on posterior margin).</p><p>By I 2 less than I 3 in height, M. rubella can be distinguished from M. lorelieae (vs. I 2 higher than I 3), M. ryukyuana (vs. I 2 equal to I 3), and M. florium (vs. I 2 higher than I 3). Murina rubella different from M. walstoni by sagittal and lambdoid crests absent (vs. present) and ventral hairs uniformly pale brown (vs. pure white); from M. tenebrosa and M. florium by ventral hairs uniformly pale brown (vs. paler).</p><p>Habitat and ecology.</p><p>Specimen GS 2023031 was captured on 23 April 2024, using a harp trap in a mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest located at the border between Longnan City, Gansu Province, and Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, China. The area, situated in the western part of the Qinling Mountains, is surrounded by small-scale agricultural land and tea plantations. Rich in forest resources, the region has a subtropical, mild, and humid climate, with a multi-year average temperature of 16.5 ° C and an average annual precipitation of approximately 600 mm. Only one specimen was captured during the survey, and no other bats were observed or captured in subsequent surveys. We speculate that the bats in this area may have been in a post-hibernation stage and were not yet active.</p><p>Remark.</p><p>Murina rubella was described on the basis of specimens from the Guadun, Fujian, China, as a subspecies of M. huttoni and is widely accepted (Moratelli et al. 2019). Subsequently, M. huttoni has been widely recorded from southern provinces of China, including Xizang, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Anhui (Zhang 1997; Wang 2003; Zhou et al. 2011; Jiang 2015; Huang et al. 2018; Jiang 2021; Liao et al. 2023; Qin et al. 2023; Wei et al. 2025). Recently, mitochondrial markers of the near-type locality of M. h. rubella and M. huttoni were published (Zhang et al. 2016; Chakravarty et al. 2020), offering the possibility of resolving the phylogenetic relationships of these two species. In our phylogenetic tree reconstructed on the basis of mitochondrial COI, the M. huttoni complex from different regions formed seven clades: Clade i included M. huttoni from the near type locality; Clade ii included the species M. puta; Clade iii was from central Vietnam; and Clade iv was from southern China (Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi), including the near-type locality M. rubella; Clades v and vi are from Xizang, China; and Clade vii is from China (Hunan), Vietnam, and central Laos. From the results of the mPTP species delimitation, Clades i, ii, and iii-vii are proposed as separate species, with genetic distances between them ranging from 6.2 % to 6.9 %. Based on this evidence, and the validity of M. huttoni and M. puta is recognized, then the proposal to elevate the subspecies M. h. rubella in China to species status should be accepted. For M. huttoni, we speculate that its distribution in China may be limited to the territory of Xizang Autonomous Region, along the Himalaya.</p><p>Geographic distribution.</p><p>Based on this study, phylogenetic evidence, and previous literature, M. rubella can be definitively recorded as distributed in China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Xizang) (Zhang 1997; Wang 2003; Francis et al. 2010; Zhou et al. 2011; Jiang 2015; Zhang et al. 2016; Huang et al. 2018; Moratelli et al. 2019; Yu et al. 2020; Jiang 2021; Liao et al. 2023; Qin et al. 2023), northern Laos (Francis et al. 2010; Francis and Eger 2012; Nguyen et al. 2015 b), and Vietnam (Francis and Eger 2012; Tu et al. 2015; Tu et al. 2016). Although M. huttoni has also been recorded in northern Thailand, northern Myanmar, and Peninsular Malaysia (Moratelli et al. 2019), the authenticity of these records (Francis and Eger 2012) requires further evidence due to the lack of available genetic data. The M. huttoni sensu stricto may be confined to the periphery of the Himalayas (Moratelli et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AA00AF9954B538FA2AA1317B0560C78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Luo, Tao;Mao, Ming-Le;Lan, Chang-Ting;Zhao, Zi-Fa;Wang, Zhong-Lian;Yu, Jing;Wang, Jia-Jia;Yan, Chen-Rui;Xiao, Ning;Zhou, Jiang	Luo, Tao, Mao, Ming-Le, Lan, Chang-Ting, Zhao, Zi-Fa, Wang, Zhong-Lian, Yu, Jing, Wang, Jia-Jia, Yan, Chen-Rui, Xiao, Ning, Zhou, Jiang (2025): Four new tube-nosed bat species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, based on morphological and molecular data. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1023-1055, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144375
015E85F518C256EDB5C021312CAA81AE.text	015E85F518C256EDB5C021312CAA81AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina yadongensis Mao, Zhao & Zhou 2025	<div><p>Murina yadongensis Mao, Zhao &amp; Zhou sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 13, 14, Table 4, Suppl. material 2</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>• Adult male, field number XZ 2023082 (Figs 13, 14), collected by Ming-Le Mao, Qing-Qing He, and Qin Yang, on 6 August 2023, at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.97613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.364206" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.97613/lat 27.364206)">Boluoka</a>, Xiayadong Township, Yadong County, Shigatse City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China (27.36420685°N, 88.97613108°E; ca. 2775 m. a. s. l.; Fig. 1).</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>• Three specimens from the same locality as the holotype. Two males, field numbers XZ 2023036 and XZ 2023016. One female, field numbers XZ 2023062. XZ 2023082 and XZ 2023062 have been dissected for sampling and are incomplete specimens .</p><p>Measurements (in mm) and body weight (in g) of the holotype.</p><p>HB: 35.54, EL: 14.02, EW: 6.20, TRL: 7.48, TRW: 2.14, HFL: 6.07, FL: 30.29, TIB: 13.57, GTL: 13.73, CCL: 12.61, BCW: 6.36, BCH: 5.66, ZYW: 8.72, MAW: 7.04, IOW: 3.51, CM 3 L: 5.31, C 1 C 1 W: 2.45, M 3 M 3 W: 3.80, RCM: 0.64, CM 3 L: 5.74, ML: 9.22, MDL: 9.49, CPH: 3.61; BW: 5.68.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet yadongensis refers to the type locality of the new species: Xiayadong Township, Yadong County, Shigatse City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China. We propose the common English name “ Yadong Tube-nosed Bat ” and the Chinese name “ Yà Dōng Guǎn Bí Fú (亚东管鼻蝠) ”.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all of the other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) small-size Murina, FL 28.81–31.84 mm, GTL 13.73–14.11 mm; (2) dorsal fur brown-gold, black at the base, gradually transitioning to brown-gold tips 2 / 3 from base; (3) ventral fur grayish brown, black at the base, gray-white at tips; (4) ears narrow and oval, without smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margins; (5) forearm and wrists covered with sparse hairs; (6) wing attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe; (7) an off-white circumferential band around the neck; (8) sagittal crest absent, lambdoid crest present, poorly developed; (9) I 2 is situated anterior to I 3 and clearly visible in lateral view, I 2 equal to I 3 in height; (10) mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are slightly reduced; (11) C 1 taller than P 4, crown is about 2 / 3 of P 4; (12) P 2 exceeded 2 / 3 of P 4 in height, and the crown area is about 2 / 3 of P 4; (13) C 1 equal to P 4 in height and crown area. and crown area of P 2 larger than 2 / 3 that of P 4.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data of Murina yadongensis sp. nov. are provided in Table 4 and Suppl. material 2. Small-size Murina, HB 28.68–35.54 mm, FL 28.81–31.84 mm, EL 11.40–14.20 mm, HFL 6.07–8.55 mm, and BW 5.68–7.00 g. Nostrils tubular, open sideways, and slightly longer. Ears small, short, and narrow, oval, blunt at tips, without smoothly convex anterior margins, not notched on posterior margin. Tragus short, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin, and basal notch, and it curves outwards slightly, about half as long as ear. Body covered with thick and fluffy hair. Dorsal hairs brown-gold (bicolored, black at the base, gradually transitioning to brown-gold tips from 2 / 3 from base). Dorsal hairs extend onto bases of wings, uropatagium, thumbs, forearm, wrist, tibia, and feet, with slight-developed fringe of hairs around margin of uropatagium. Densely furred anterior 1 / 3 of the dorsal uropatagium, posterior 2 / 3 covered with sparse hairs. Ventral hairs grayish brown overall, bicolored, black at the base, gray-white at tips. An off-white circumferential band around the neck. Dark flesh-purple around the eyes, muzzle, and lower forehead, and the face is hairy except for the long, protuberant nostrils that are naked. TL 28.32–32.12 mm, slightly shorter than head-body length, tip of the tail extending significantly past the rear edge of the uropatagium, tip distinctly free. Plagiopatagium attachment point located at 1 / 3 from base of claw to base of toe, near base of claw (Fig. 13 E, F).</p><p>Skull robust, nearly oval, relatively small, GTL 13.73–14.11 mm. Rostrum long, deep, gradually ascending to forehead; prominent median depression present. Sagittal and lambdoid crests absent. In dorsal view, braincase domed; zygomatic arches weak and slender, gradually widening posteriorly, widest at the base of the zygomatic arches; posterior margin of skull slightly protruding; middle from snout to frontal region distinctly concave downward. In lateral view, skull slightly elongated, with elongated oval braincase; height gradually rising from snout to parietal, with slightly increasing slope from snout to frontal and decreasing slope from frontal to parietal; slight depression between snout and frontal, with slight distinct prominence at frontal; zygomatic arches gradually rising from anterior to posterior. In ventral view, palatine wide and nearly flat, ending at posterior margin of C 1; basisphenoid pits slightly shallowly tadpole-shaped, extending posteriorly to anterior half of cochlea. Mandible length 8.85–9.22 mm, inverted L-shaped in lateral view. Line between coronoid process and condyle nearly flat; distinct inward depression between condyle and angle; angle short and wide; mandibular foramina clearly visible, situated below anterior margin of P 4.</p><p>Dental morphology: Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, P 2 / 2, M 3 / 3 = 34 (Fig. 14). In the maxilla, I 2 is situated anterior to I 3, and I 2 clearly visible laterally; crown area of P 2 approximately half that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1. Based on these characters, the species belongs to the “ suilla - type ”. Maxillary dentition converges slightly anteriorly (RCM = 0.64–0.66). I 2 and I 3 bicuspid, smaller secondary cusp situated posterior to primary cusp; I 2 almost equal to I 3 in height, with crown area approximately half that of I 3; distinct gap between posterior surface of I 3 and C 1, not in contact, about half of height of C 1. C 1 smaller than P 4 in height, slightly elongated and lacking secondary cusps, crown area 2 / 3 that of P 4; P 2 slightly smaller, delicate and pointed, about half as tall as P 4 and C 1, with crown area of P 2 is half that of P 4 and slightly smaller than C 1. Mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced, but retaining distinct cusps; paracone, protocone, metacone, and parastyle well developed. M 3 reduced, with only parastyle, paracone, and protocone. In the mandible, I 1, I 2, and I 3 smaller, tricuspid, almost equal in height and width; overlap of outer cusps of I 1, I 2, and I 3; with rapid increase in height from I 3 to C 1. C 1 without pointed cusp on anterior inner margin, not in contact with I 3 outer cusp. C 1 almost equal to P 4 in height and basal area, about twice as much as P 2. P 2 exceeded 4 / 5 of P 4 in height, and the basal and crown areas are about 2 / 3 of P 4. In lateral view, trigonids of M 1, M 2, and M 3, metaconidhe slightly equal to protoconid in height, paraconid about 1 / 3 of protoconid. Talonid of M 1 and M 2 almost the same size as trigonid; entoconid and hypoconid distinctly separated from trigonid, lower than metaconid and paraconid, nearly equal to metaconid and paraconid in height. M 1 and M 2 are nyctalodont types, with well-developed entoconids. M 3 reduced, talonid approximately 1 / 3 as long as trigonid, paraconid, protoconid, and metaconid complete and well developed.</p><p>Morphological comparisons with congeneric species.</p><p>Based on its dentition, I 2 situated anterior to I 3, and the crown area of P 2 is less than half that of P 4 and smaller than that of C 1, Murina beibengensis sp. nov. belongs to the “ suilla - type, ” a character that distinguishes 12 species belonging to the “ cyclotis - type, ” including M. aenea, M. annamitica, M. cyclotis, M. fionae, M. guilleni, M. harrisoni, M. huttoni, M. peninsularis, M. pluvialis, M. puta, M. recondita, and M. rozendaali . Detailed morphological differences between the new species and congeners are listed in Suppl. material 5 and illustrated in Suppl. material 1: fig. S 3.</p><p>Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Murina beibengensis sp. nov. by dorsal fur brown-gold (vs. brown-gold), sagittal crest absent (vs. well-developed), I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3, and I 2 is partially visible in the lateral view (vs. I 2 is anterior to I 3, I 2 is clearly visible in the lateral view), I 2 almost equal to I 3 in height (vs. I 2 taller than I 3), and C 1 taller than P 4 in height (vs. C 1 almost equal to P 4).</p><p>Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Murina medogensis sp. nov. by brown-gold dorsal fur (vs. dark grayish), dorsal hairs extend onto forearm and wrist (vs. hairless forearms and wrists), I 2 is situated laterally anterior to I 3, and I 2 is partially visible in the lateral view (vs. I 2 is anterior to I 3, I 2 is clearly visible in the lateral view), I 2 almost equal to I 3 in height (vs. I 2 higher than I 3), C 1 taller than P 4 (vs. C 1 almost equal to P 4), and an off-white circumferential band around the neck (vs. lacking); from Murina milinensis sp. nov. by lambdoid crest absent (vs. poorly developed), C 1 taller than P 4 (vs. C 1 lower than P 4), C 1 taller than P 4 (vs. C 1 equal to P 4), and an off-white circumferential band around the neck (vs. lacking).</p><p>Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. bicolor, M. fanjingshanensis, M. fusca, M. hilgendorfi, M. jinchui, M. leucogaster, and M. ryukyuana by the small size, forearm length 28.81–31.84 mm (vs. forearm length over 35 mm).</p><p>Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. aurata, M. balaensis, M. beelzebub, M. bicolor, M. chrysochaetes, M. eleryi, M. fanjingshanensis, M. feae, M. florium, M. hilgendorfi, M. hkakaboraziensis, M. jaintiana, M. jinchui, M. leucogaster, M. liboensis, M. lorelieae, M. rongjiangensis, M. ryukyuana, M. shuipuensis, M. suilla, M. tenebrosa, M. tubinaris, M. ussuriensis, M. walstoni, M. yuanyang, and M. yushuensis by an off-white circumferential band around the neck (vs. absent). By dorsal fur brown-gold (bicolored, black at the base, gradually transitioning to brown-gold tips from 2 / 3 from base), Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from M. aurata (vs. golden brown), M. balaensis (vs. orange-reddish), M. chrysochaetes (vs. golden brown), M. eleryi (vs. coppery brown), M. feae (vs. dark grayish), M. jaintiana (vs. medium gray with brownish tinge), M. jinchui (vs. brownish gray), M. liboensis (vs. yellowish brown), M. lorelieae (vs. reddish brown), M. walstoni (vs. brownish gray), M. walstoni (vs. warm brown, whitish at the base, orangish brown at tips), and M. yuanyang (vs. bark gold). By ventral fur is grayish brown overall (bicolored, dark at the base, pale at tips), M. milinensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from M. bicolor (vs. uniformly yellow), M. rongjiangensis (vs. bright yellowish orange), and M. shuipuensis (vs. bright orange yellow).</p><p>By the ears without smooth convex anterior margins and no notch on posterior margin, Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. gracilis, M. harpioloides, and M. kontumensis (vs. with smoothly convex anterior margins and distinct notch on posterior margin). By the lambdoid crest absent, I 2 almost equal to I 3 in height, C 1 taller than P 4, C 1 equal to P 4 in height and crown area, and Murina yadongensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from M. gracilis (vs. lambdoid crest very weak), M. harpioloides (vs. I 2 lower than I 3 in height, C 1 less than P 4 in height, and C 1 taller than P 4), and M. kontumensis (vs. lambdoid crest present, and C 1 larger than P 4 in height and crown area).</p><p>Habitat and ecology.</p><p>The type locality experiences a subtropical semi-humid monsoon climate, characterized by mild and humid conditions. The average temperature in July is approximately 14.4 ° C, and the mean annual precipitation is about 800 mm. The perennial influence of the monsoon, along with the mild and humid climate, contributes to the richness of forest resources in the southern part of the county. The specimen was captured in a harp trap on 6 August 2023 in a mixed coniferous forest in Xiayadong Township, Yadong County. The area is surrounded by dense thickets and bamboo forests, with rivers and primary forests situated approximately 3 kilometers away. In this forest, we also collected five species from four genera: Plecotus homochrous, Rhinolophus sinicus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis sp., and Submyotodon moupinensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/015E85F518C256EDB5C021312CAA81AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Luo, Tao;Mao, Ming-Le;Lan, Chang-Ting;Zhao, Zi-Fa;Wang, Zhong-Lian;Yu, Jing;Wang, Jia-Jia;Yan, Chen-Rui;Xiao, Ning;Zhou, Jiang	Luo, Tao, Mao, Ming-Le, Lan, Chang-Ting, Zhao, Zi-Fa, Wang, Zhong-Lian, Yu, Jing, Wang, Jia-Jia, Yan, Chen-Rui, Xiao, Ning, Zhou, Jiang (2025): Four new tube-nosed bat species of the genus Murina (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, based on morphological and molecular data. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1023-1055, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144375
