identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
006087F8FFE7FFE5FF40FF2FFD48FF42.text	006087F8FFE7FFE5FF40FF2FFD48FF42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladorhiza Sars 1872	<div><p>Genus Cladorhiza Sars, 1872</p><p>Type species: Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE7FFE5FF40FF2FFD48FF42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE7FFE3FF40FE92FABBFCA3.text	006087F8FFE7FFE3FF40FE92FABBFCA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladorhiza bathycrinoides , Koltun 1955	<div><p>Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun, 1955</p><p>(Figs. 2 &amp; 3, Table 1)</p><p>Synonymy. Cladorhiza bathycrinoides, Koltun 1955, 48, (Israel translation, 65); 1958, 50; 1959, 80, (Canadian translation, 50).</p><p>Material examined. CAS 223280, col. no. NA085-005-A, E/ V Nautilus w ROVs Hercules &amp; Argus, Cordell Bank, Calif., 38.21ºN, 123.70ºW. 2092.1 m, 07 Aug. 2017.</p><p>Description. The specimen, when preserved, is a small crinorhyzid Cladorhiza, 61.6 mm in total length, with a semi-ovoid body bearing 13 short, stiff, stubby tentacles emanating in a single whorl from the truncate distal end, all borne on a thin incomplete proximal stalk (Fig. 2A). The incomplete stalk is the longest part, length 36.9 mm, and 1.0– 1.2 –1.6 (n = 15) mm in diameter. The body is 11.9 mm in length and 9.1 mm in diameter at its upper truncate end. The stubby tentacles (Fig. 2B) are curled inwards, fused at points of contact and probably strongly contracted; they are uniform in diameter, 0.63– 0.95 –1.38 (n = 10) mm, from base to the sharply tapered tip and about 14 mm long, 21 mm if uncurled; they bear no filaments. The body is covered by a plush of styles projecting 0.38- 0.72 –1.11 (n = 21) mm, pointed end out, from the surface (Fig. 2C) and varying in angle from downwards on the lower body (-26º) to perpendicular in the mid-body to nearly parallel (+86º) on the upper body surface. There is no evidence of an aquiferous system or the pores connecting it to the outside. Color is very light tan when preserved.</p><p>The video recorded during collection and the grab from it (Fig. 2D), although of poor resolution, show that in life the body is inflated and the tentacles are longer (33–35 mm), supple, and arrayed horizontally from the top of the inflated body and hang downwards distally. The stalk is 79 mm long and inserted into soft sediment. The lower stalk was not collected.</p><p>The skeletal framework is a typical cladorhizid type with axial bundles of styles firmly embedded in a dense collagenous matrix and covered by a layer of smaller styles in living tissues. The only structural component bearing a cover of prey-capturing anisochelae are the tentacles (Figs. 2E, F). Internal structure of the body has not been examined.</p><p>Spicules (for data see Table 1). Megascleres occur as four classes of styles (distinguished by t-tests) and very few strongyles. Styles 1 (Fig. 3A) are found as spicules of the stalk axis, stalk cover, internal body and projecting body cover; overall combined data for these are length 1028– 1861 –2186 (n = 309) µm, width 2.7– 25.8 –44.3 (n = 301) µm. Styles 2 (Fig. 3B) are found only in tentacle axes. Styles 3 (not figured) occur in the stalk cover. Styles 4 (Fig. 3C), the smallest styles, occur only in the tentacles. Rare strongyles are found only in the stalk cover layer. Microscleres are a single class of anchorate anisochelae (Fig. 3D) and one class of sigmas (Fig. 3E). The anisochelae (Fig. 3D) have a broad upper end with three well separated broad alae and a strong shaft with edges flared in midupper part; the lower end has three unornamented recurved teeth. The anisochelae form a cover layer on only the tentacles but are nonetheless recovered as common spicules in preparations of the body and upper shaft cover layer. Sigmas (Fig. 3E) are contort. They occur mainly in the body tissues.</p><p>Distribution. Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific coast of the Kurile Islands, and Cordell Bank, California, U.S. A, at depths of 151–3400 m on silty and sandy bottoms.</p><p>Remarks. Of the 13 species of known crinorhyzid Cladorhiza, only five have fewer than 25 tentacles. Anisochela length distinguishes the present specimen from four of these five. Those of C. inversa Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886 are given as 22–27 µm (Castello-Branco, et al. 2016) (vs mean of 58 µm here); those of C. nicoleae Castello-Branco et al. 2016 are 33–44 µm; those of C. pentacrinus Dendy 1887 are 38 µm; those of C. ephyrula Lévi 1964 are 75–88 µm. Most published data for C. bathycrinoides and the description of the body is compatible with those of the present specimen. Styles of C. bathycrinoides are 551–2132 µm in length (vs 1028–2186 µm here), anisochelae 35–59 µm (vs 43.5–71.0 µm here), the body is rough as it is here, and the appendages (tentacles here) are curved inwards and about the same length as the body when preserved, as is the case here. A rhizoid attachment is well substantiated in Koltun’s specimens from the Northwest Pacific coast. The only significant difference between C. bathycrinoides and the Cordell Bank specimen are details of the sigmas. Koltun reported two classes of sigmas, one as large sigmas 33-111 µm in length and figured as flat, and the second as sickle-shaped sigmas 37–44 µm in length figured as sigmancistras (vs one class of 54.2–106.5 µm length here) The Cordell Bank specimen has only one class of sigmas, both flat and contort, but none with the discontinuity near the tip shown in Koltun’s figure of the sickle-shaped sigma of C. bathycrinoides . This difference is not considered important enough to justify erection of a new species group for the Cordell Bank specimen. The moderately extensive description of this specimen is warranted to ensure that other specimens of this species in the large intervening geographical areas may be more easily recognized.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE7FFE3FF40FE92FABBFCA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE1FFE3FF40FB67FDAFFA99.text	006087F8FFE1FFE3FF40FB67FDAFFA99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Farrea Bowerbank 1862	<div><p>Genus Farrea Bowerbank, 1862</p><p>Type species: Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE1FFE3FF40FB67FDAFFA99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE1FFE0FF40FAEAFBD2FDAE.text	006087F8FFE1FFE0FF40FAEAFBD2FDAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Farrea cordelli Reiswig 2020	<div><p>Farrea cordelli n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 4 &amp; 5, Table 2).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: CAS 223281, col. no. NA085-050-A, E/V Nautilus w ROVs Hercules &amp; Argus, Dive NA085, Cordell Bank, Calif., 38.11ºN, 123.66ºW. 2119.9 m, 09 Aug. 2017.</p><p>Description. The holotype is a branching foliose sponge (Fig 4A) with a flat axis and undulating margins expanding on both sides into spoon-like projections that alternate in position on the two sides of the axis. These eventually fuse to form two series of closed tubes with distal open lateral oscula (Fig. 4B). The base attached to an overhang is dead and covered by overgrowth so its point of origin is uncertain in frame-grabs from the video made during collection but the longest branch tip is 46.3 cm from the discernable part of the base. There are two to three successive branchings; the terminal branch collected is 29.4 cm long. The axis is 1.6–2.2– 4.9 cm (n = 12) wide and interval between lateral projections/tubes is 1.3–2.1– 2.9 cm (n = 20). Lateral tubes are 1.0– 1.4–1.7 cm (n=18) by 1.4–2.6– 3.6 cm (n = 13) long; they occasionally undergo secondary branching and fuse to adjacent lateral tubes or rarely fuse to tubes of other branches of the same specimen. Terminal oscula of lateral tubes are 0.5–0.9– 1.5 cm (n = 12) in diameter. Body wall is 0.6–1.3– 1.8 mm (n = 11) thick. Color is white.</p><p>The skeletal framework is dictyonal and of the typical farreoid type, a fused lattice marginally one dictyonalium in thickness (Figs 4 C-D) with rectangular meshes. Spurs on both sides are curved towards the osculum and secondary dictyonalia are occasionally developed on the dermal side (Fig. 4E). Measurements of the framework are given at the bottom of Table 2.</p><p>* measured only on SEMs.</p><p>Megascleres are pentactins, pileate clavules and uncinates. Dermal and atrial pentactins (Fig. 5A) are similar in shape and size. A small conical knob is present on the outer center opposite the unpaired ray. Tangential rays are slightly bowed back from the tangential plane, ornamented with small microspines on the outer surface and all around the parabolic or round tips. The unpaired proximal ray is also ornamented with microspines but less densely so; its tip is rough and sharply pointed. The pileate clavules (Fig. 5B) are distributed head-out on both dermal and atrial surfaces. They are loosely grouped around the unpaired rays of surface pentactins (Fig. 4F). The heads are highly variable in size and ornamentation but only resolvable in SEM. The smallest and probably immature clavules have no marginal spines (Fig. 5b right-most). The largest have a ring of 16– 22 –30 (n = 13) large marginal spines but also indistinct rings of smaller spines both above and below the margin as well as scattered on the head. The shaft bears a dense cover of small spines on the upper third but the lower two-thirds is entirely smooth or with only occasional spines; shafts of the smallest clavules are entirely smooth. The proximal ends are bluntly pointed and entirely smooth. Uncinates (Fig. 5C) are long thin straight spicules with well developed brackets and barbs. They occur deep in the sponge near the framework, lying parallel to the main beams.</p><p>Microscleres are oxyhexasters and hemioxyhexasters. Oxyhexasters (Fig. 5D) and hemioxyhexasters (Fig. 5E) have similar basic structure; their primary and secondary rays are sparsely covered with reclined spines. Terminal rays on each primary vary from 1–7 but most commonly 2–4. Of 150 assessed, 103 (69%) are oxyhexasters and 47 (31%) are hemihexasters. Most likely there are rare oxyhexactins but none were noted.</p><p>Distribution. Known only as a single specimen from Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, California, USA, collected from a depth of 2119.9 m.</p><p>Etymology. The species name, cordelli, is derived from the name of its collection location, the Cordell Bank. It is used here as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The genus Farrea presently contains 47 valid species, 32 of which are considered recognizable. Of these, only five, F. aleutiana Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013, F. ananchorata Reiswig &amp; Kelly, 2011, F. anoxyhexastera Reiswig &amp; Kelly, 2011, F. laminaris Topsent, 1904 and F. microclavula Tabachnick, 1988, have exclusively pileate clavules and lack any other clavule type–anchorate, subanchorate, thimblate, clavate, or truncate clavules. Of these five, none have only oxy-tiped microscleres. Thus the Cordell Bank specimen represents a new species, here designated as Farrea cordelli n. sp. The pileate clavule heads are extremely small, perhaps the smallest of all Farrea species, which should allow easy recognition of other specimens of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE1FFE0FF40FAEAFBD2FDAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FC79FCF9FB85.text	006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FC79FCF9FB85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulophacus (Caulophacus) Schulze 1885	<div><p>Subgenus Caulophacus Schulze, 1885 .</p><p>Type species Caulophacus (Caulophacus) elegans Schulze, 1885 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FC79FCF9FB85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FBE9FBFDF8AE.text	006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FBE9FBFDF8AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulophacus (Caulophacus) schulzei Wilson 1904	<div><p>Caulophacus (Caulophacus) schulzei Wilson, 1904</p><p>(Fig. 6A)</p><p>Synonymy. Caulophacus schulzei Wilson, 1904, 43; Lendenfeld,1915, 48; Lévi, 1964, 100; Koltun, 1967, 116; Beaulieu, 1998, 50; 2001, 808.</p><p>Material examined. CAS 223283, col. no. NA085-045-A, E/ V Nautilus w ROVs Hercules &amp; Argus, Dive NA085, Cordell Bank, Calif., 38.09ºN, 123.70ºW. 2647.7 m, 09 Aug. 2017.</p><p>Comparative material. Cotype of Caulophacus schulzei, USNM 08270, USFS Albatross stn 3382, Gulf of Panama, 06.35ºN, 80.68ºW, 3279 m, 07 March 1891.</p><p>Description. Only a moderate-size margin of the specimen on the left of Figure 6A was collected for determination. The specimen is stalked and attached to a rock outcrop. The body is a wide shallow cup with undulated margin. Attachment of stalk to the body was not recorded in the video. The body is 60.5 cm in diameter as calculate from 10 cm laser spacing indicated at left of the in situ image.</p><p>Remarks. Spicules of the collected 1.3 cm thick wall fragment agree with both Wilson’s (1904) original description and the review of the cotype specimen of Caulophacus schulzei from the Gulf of Panama. In all reports, the species is encountered in large numbers of specimens.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known to have a very wide distribution from the Tasman Sea, N. Peru, Ecuador, Gulf of Panama, Central California and the Bering Sea from 3183-4510 m depths. The present report is a range extension to Northern California and provides the first in situ image of the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FBE9FBFDF8AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FCF2FD5CFC15.text	006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FCF2FD5CFC15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulophacus Schulze 1885	<div><p>Genus Caulophacus Schulze, 1885</p><p>Type species Caulophacus elegans Schulze, 1885 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40FCF2FD5CFC15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40F812FD6EF848.text	006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40F812FD6EF848.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdocalyptus Schulze 1886	<div><p>Genus Rhabdocalyptus Schulze, 1886</p><p>Type species Rhabdocalyptus mollis Schulze, 1886 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFE2FFE0FF40F812FD6EF848	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFEDFFEFFF40FF2FFA84FBEE.text	006087F8FFEDFFEFFF40FF2FFA84FBEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni (Lambe 1893)	<div><p>Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni (Lambe, 1893)</p><p>(Fig. 6B)</p><p>Limited Synonymy:</p><p>Bathydorus dawsoni Lambe, 1893, 73;</p><p>Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni Ijima, 1898, 54; Schulze, 1899, 54; Koltun, 1967, 103; Leys &amp; Lauzon, 1998, 111;</p><p>Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni dawsoni, Koltun, 1967, 103; Reiswig, 2018, 126.</p><p>Acanthascus dawsoni, Dohrmann et al., 2012, 12.</p><p>Acanthascus (Rhabdocalyptus) dawsoni, Tabachnick, 2002, 1451; Dohrmann et al., 2012, 12.</p><p>Material examined. CAS 223595, col. no. NA085-052-A, E/ V Nautilus w ROVs Hercules &amp; Argus, Cordell Bank, Calif., 38.11ºN, 123.66ºW. 2112.7 m, 09 Aug. 2017.</p><p>Comparative material. Lectotype of Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, here designated, NMC 1900-7061, col. G.M. Dawson, 1855. off mouth of Qualicum River, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, figured L. Lambe, 1893, Pl. IV, fig. 2.</p><p>Description. The specimen was pendant from an attachment site on a steep wall as recorded in the frame grab of the collection video (Fig. 6B). The body was cylindrical, 26.3 cm long by 6.3 cm in diameter with sharply tapered ends. It was entirely covered by sediment and epifaua adherent to smooth prostal diactins and both smooth and thorned hypodermal pentactins. The distal half of the specimen was collected.</p><p>Spicules of the specimen are fairly consistent with those of the lectotype of Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, for example, tangential rays of hypodermalia are 1.0– 2.9 –5.5 (n = 18) mm here vs 0.9– 2.6 –4.1 (n = 35) mm in the lectotype and discoctaster diameter is 77- 103 -125 (n = 111) µm here vs 54– 66 –86 (n = 50) in the lectotype. Intact microdiscohexasters could not be found in the Cordell Bank specimen but small hexactine centers without terminal rays may be the remnants of them. In view of the agreements in spicules such as dermalia, atrialia and microscleres, it seems certain that the specimen belongs to the widespread species R. dawsoni .</p><p>Distribution. The species Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni has a known distribution from southern California to Cape Spencer, Alaska and probably into the Bering Sea at depths of 10 to 437 m. The Cordell Bank specimen was collected well within the known geographic range but at 2112.7 m it is a major depth extension for the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFEDFFEFFF40FF2FFA84FBEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFEDFFEFFF40FB17FD0FFB4C.text	006087F8FFEDFFEFFF40FB17FD0FFB4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Staurocalyptus Ijima 1897	<div><p>Genus Staurocalyptus Ijima, 1897</p><p>Type species Rhabdocalyptus dowlingi (Lambe, 1894) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFEDFFEFFF40FB17FD0FFB4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
006087F8FFEDFFEEFF40FA97FDC5FE3F.text	006087F8FFEDFFEEFF40FA97FDC5FE3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae Reiswig 2018	<div><p>Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae Reiswig, 2018</p><p>(Fig. 6C)</p><p>Synonymy: Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae Reiswig, 2018, 141.</p><p>Material examined. CAS 223279, col. no. NA085-061-A, E/ V Nautilus w ROVs Hercules &amp; Argus, Cordell Bank, Calif., 37.98ºN, 123.49ºW. 980.99 m, 10 Aug. 2017.</p><p>Description. The specimen is a soft, irregular funnel-shape form with main osculum margin indented on one side, and a secondary smaller osculum below (Fig. 6C). It projects laterally from attachment on a vertical hard substrate, and is yellow in color. The main body is smooth and naked, but oscular margins bear projecting prostal diactins and smooth (unthorned) raised hypodermal pentactins in a narrow four mm-wide band; the band is obvious as a dark brown feather-like ring of overgrowth (hydrozoans and bryozoans) attached to the bare surfaces of projecting spicules. Length of the partially collected specimen is not measureable in the video record but width is 25.2 cm; length is probably 35–40 cm.</p><p>Body form, body color, and spicules are similar to those of Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, the holotype of which was collected 65 km from the site of the Cordell Bank specimen at a comparable depth (981 vs 806 m). Prostal diactins are 9.5 mm in mean length (vs 9.0 mm in the holotype), pentactine hypodermalia have mean tangential ray length of 1.5 mm (vs 1.7 mm there), discoctaster mean diameter is 184 µm mean diameter (vs 164 µm there), oxyhexasters mean diameter is 118 µm (vs 113 µm there), and mean microdiscohexaster diameter is 21.2 µm (vs 19.3 µm there). The two specimens differ in ray thickness of megascleres but there is great overlap in the data. A bothersome complication is the discovery of apparent hypodermal pentactins in the atrial spicule preparations not noted in the holotype preparations; this may be due to contamination of the atrial surface by hypodermalia during collection, but the next specimen should be very carefully assessed for presence or absence of true hypoatrialia. Assignment of the Cordell Bank specimen to this species has high confidence and represents only the second known specimen of S. pamelaturnerae .</p><p>Distribution. Known from only two locations, the holotype from The Greater Farallons National Marine Sanctuary and the present specimen from the bordering Cordell Bank Marine Sanctuary, both in northern California, USA, from depths of 806– 981 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/006087F8FFEDFFEEFF40FA97FDC5FE3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reiswig, Henry M.	Reiswig, Henry M. (2020): Report of Cladorhiza bathycrinoides Koltun (Demospongiae) from North America and a new species of Farrea (Hexactinellida) among sponges from Cordell Bank, California. Zootaxa 4747 (3): 562-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.9
