taxonID	type	description	language	source
33434F8D1EF13C7F1300AAF00E63DEE7.taxon	materials_examined	♀ ☿. N. E. of Baghdad, 1918, and several other localities (Evans).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
B9D3E15C0D7D0113EF8C12102529878E.taxon	materials_examined	N. E. of Baghdad, 1918 (Evans). These specimens seem to vary slightly from the typical viaticoides, but not sufficiently to constitute a true variety.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
9D0763340834B77C0183B240A2DAAA9E.taxon	materials_examined	☿. Tiflis, 1919 (Buxton)	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
8268B21474A6D4D06A5BE42243D2CE5F.taxon	materials_examined	☿. Amara, 1918 (Evans).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
89A63D5B915D70704F7672BF8FEF2C49.taxon	materials_examined	☿. N. W. Persia, 1919 (Buxton),	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
A25A80C096CB97BBE08F2D7D435A7BAE.taxon	materials_examined	Enzeli, Caspian, 1919 (Buxton).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
A25A80C096CB97BBE08F2D7D435A7BAE.taxon	discussion	Though somewhat paler than the typical brunneus, and having the frontal groove less distinct, they appear in all other respects identical with the type.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
A6F08B949CF79B12F0F6657C59216047.taxon	materials_examined	♂ ♀ ☿. N. W. Persia, 1919 (Buxton). Attending Aphis buxtoni, Theo., on Umbelliferae.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
A6F08B949CF79B12F0F6657C59216047.taxon	discussion	These examples of this intermediate variety come nearer to emarginatus than to niger.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
12F31ED862431C2A30850CF82CE9C3BC.taxon	materials_examined	☿. Amara, 1918 (Evans).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
8507324B7D36D5345CDBEF97299E3608.taxon	materials_examined	Baghdad, 1917, Amara, 1918 (Buxton). N. E. of Baghdad, 1918 (Evans).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
8314B93948041B60B0CA65A292E038C7.taxon	description	☿ Major. L. 9.0 mm. Colour (type), dark brown-black; funiculi and tarsi reddish-brown, gaster with a faint metallic lustre. The colour in head and thorax varies from dark brown, almost black, to a dark red, lightest on head, deepening along the thorax to the petiole which is dark brown. In the red forms the articulation of the legs, the anterinae and mandibles, are red. The apex of each segment of gastei 1 has a pale yellowish border. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi slightly longer than 3 rd, the 5 th much longer than the 6 th. Palpi fringed with moderately long hairs, not so long as in bicolor. Head quadrate; clypeus with central portion raised and with a slight keel, the anterior border feebly concave. Eyes situate in posterior 3 rd of sides of head. The scape passes the occiput by a 3 rd of its length. Mesonotum in profile feebly convex or quite flat; on each side, just below the centre, the mesonotum bears a short blunt protuberance, slightly sloping forwards. These protuberances vary in size, are largest in the largest 5, absent or barely discernible in the y media, and entirely. absent in the small a. Node of petiole viewed from above, rounded, slightly broader than long; in profile it is broad and low, rounded above, convex anteriorly and nearly straight behind. Legs very long. Mandibles coarsely striate. Head entirely matt and microscopically reticulate with a few punctures on cheeks. Frontal area somewhat shining. Sculpture on thorax and node similar to that on head, but more shining. Gaster microscopically reticulate. A moderately long beard under chin; a few long hairs on clypeus, a few short ones on pronotum, epinotum and scale. A grey pubescence on thorax, epinotum and scale, most abundant on epinotum. Antennae without hairs. ☿ Minor. L. 6.0 mm. Head red, thorax and node darker red. Anterior border of clypeus more distinctly emarginate. Scapes proportionately longer; mesonotum saddle-shaped and without protuberances, the node lower, and the whole insect more slender. Otherwise resembles the 5 major. Length of scapes and shape of mesonotum in 5 media intermediate between 5 maxima and minima. Amara, 1918 (Buxton).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
8314B93948041B60B0CA65A292E038C7.taxon	discussion	I have given a somewhat detailed description of this variety of October 15 th, 1920. bicolor as the presence of the blunt projections on the mesonotum is, as far as I am aware, unique in this genus. The end of the process is obliquely cut off, and has no resemblance to the spines in e. g., the genus Polyrhachis. The ant, according to the specimens I received, is somewhat smaller than bicolor, i. sp., which, in specimens I took in Egypt, attains a length of 12 - Omm. Evans captured a few examples of this variety, two of which were sent to me, with the note that both specimens were found coming out of the same hole in the sand. The g major is typical, but the g minor is entirely orange yellow, with the gaster paler, and is altogether a stouter insect than the ☿ ☿ minor taken with Buxton's examples.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
888FE89E23F5CDBF4673E2921650D051.taxon	description	☿ major (☿ media). L. 8.5 - 9.0 mm. Width of head 2.8 mm. Castaneous; scale darkest, head slightly darker than thorax, legs palest; gaster shining black, borders of segments rimmed with castaneous yellow. Whole insect robust, legs short. Head slightly broader than long, widest just behind the eyes, narrowing abruptly in front of eyes, which are well behind the middle of sides of head. Occipital border widely and shallowly emarginate. Mandibles 7 toothed. Clypeus carinate on its posterior two-thirds only, anterior border straight. Scapes extend just beyond occipital border. Eyes large, flat. Thorax in profile short, regularly arched as far as the meso-epinotal suture whence the base of epinotum slopes down in a more or less straight line to meet the declivity, making a very obtuse angle with the latter, which is quite straight and somewhat shorter than the base. Tibiae somewhat flattened. Seale narrow at apex, convex anteriorly and straight behind. Gaster oval, hardly larger than the head. Mandibles shining, with coarse punctures. Head dull, with a reticulate ground sculpture pitted with irregular somewhat elongate punctures, most abundant on the clypeus, cheeks, and between the frontal carinae. Vertex and occiput with only scattered shallow punctures. Thorax with a finer reticulate ground sculpture, and more shining than the head; scale, legs and scapes with a similar reticulate sculpture. Gaster shining, with a superficial transverse reticulation. Declivity of epinotum shining, microscopically transversely reticulate. Head, thorax and gaster with rather long scattered yellowish hairs, whitish on gaster; no pilosity on scapes or legs. Pubescence nil. ☿ minor. Differs only in size, slightly smaller head proportionately, and greater length of scape.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
888FE89E23F5CDBF4673E2921650D051.taxon	materials_examined	In dead palm trunk, N. E. of Baghdad, 1919 (Evans).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
7E455ACB1391653B326BD89BCACF0384.taxon	materials_examined	☿ ♃ ♀ ♂. Amara, 1917 and 1918. ♂ and ♀ (Buxton).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
7E455ACB1391653B326BD89BCACF0384.taxon	distribution	Evidently extremely abundant.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
9D007D2DB068F44B7DD8B969AE7FA3E0.taxon	materials_examined	A single ☿ minor. Probably var. oasium, For., or possibly var. fellah, For., but impossible to determine without a ☿ major.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
32F5694C8790FDCDD0F80031EE6C4877.taxon	materials_examined	☿ N. W. Persia, March, 1919 (Buxton).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
CAC4E105FC7E8C46B6E6247367ACDA37.taxon	materials_examined	♃ ☿ Natal, 1917 (Buxton).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
0063F284F8F6CB1027B994B346D973EB.taxon	materials_examined	☿. Burragh, Mesopotamia, 1919 (Evans).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
F0C26782FD13CD23AAC4F5B79564E9B2.taxon	materials_examined	☿ Natal, 1917 (Buxton).	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
FE4916079E2F8599F4828BA09A7AF0C3.taxon	description	☿. L. 2.0 mm. Monomorphic. Entirely pale yellow, in some specimens the apical half of first segment of gaster and the following segments very slightly darker. A few stiff hairs on clypeus, head, pronotum, nodes and gaster; antennae hairy but without exserted hairs. Short scanty adherent hairs scattered over head and legs. Mandibles 4 - dentate. Anterior border of clypeus straight, the central portion concave and bounded on each side by a well-defined carina. Head elongate-oval, posterior border almost straight. Eyes just in advance of middle of sides. The scapes extend barely beyond occipital border. Club of funiculus 3 - jointed, all the joints much longer than thick; the second is much longer than the first, and the apical joint is longer than the two following taken together. The rest of the joints are approximately equal except the first. Thorax with a fairly deep incision; the angle between base and declivity of epinotum rounded; dorsum of epinotum flat, not longitudinally impressed. Stalk of petiole rather short; first node hardly higher than second, broad at base; the second broader, rounded. Mandibles striate along the flattened outer border, smooth and shining towards apex. Clypeus smooth and shining. Head entirely smooth and shining, with a few minute piligerous points, pronotum also smooth and shining; rest of thorax and epinotum closely thimble-punctured, pedicel less so. Gaster entirely smooth and shing. ♀ (Hitherto undescribed). L. 4 - 5 mm. Yellow, but a deeper shade than the y: a narrow V-shaped mark on scutum, a patch on each side of mesonofcum, the wing insertions and borders of ocelli brown; a band, broadening at the sides, along the apical border of first segment of gaster, and the whole of the remaining segments of gaster dark brown; extreme apical borders of segments yellow. ' Pilosity as in 5, but longer. Head longer than broad, but shorter proportionately than in 5; occipital border shallowly excavated; scapes somewhat shorter proportionately; eyes large, slightly in advance of middle of sides. Dorsum of thorax almost horizontal; epinotum descends abruptly with hardly any division between base and declivity. First node narrower in profile than in g. Gaster large, oval. Head with a superficial longitudinal striation; thorax shining, with a few small punctures, epinotum and pedicel as in g; gaster shining. ☿, Amara (Buxton) 1918; N. E. of Baghdad (Evans) 1918, with a single dealated 5.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
FE4916079E2F8599F4828BA09A7AF0C3.taxon	discussion	Recorded in 1918 by Donisthorpe * as a colour variety of M. (Paraholcomynnex) destructor, Jerd. The characters of the subgenus Paraholcomynnex, however, as defined by Emery (Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., ' p. 191, 1915) are: y g somewhat dimorphic, first and second joints of club of antennae visibly equal. Pallidum has the first joint of club considerably shorter and narrower than the second, and its ☿ ☿ are monomorphic; it will therefore rank as a species belongipg to the subgenus Monomorium (s. str.). * Specimens were sent by me to Mons. Emery as I was unable to make it agree with any known species and he returned them to me as a pale form of M. destructor. I therefore described it as a new variety of that species. I entirely agree with Mr. Crawley that it is a new species. - H. St. J. D.	en	Crawley, W. C. (1920): Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia (concluded). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 32: 177-179, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15001
