taxonID	type	description	language	source
07576E4EFFD0FFF411CFA39D8965F973.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. — FML 17735: Km 140 of provincial route 21.7 km North of Huecú, El Cholar departament, Neuquén Province, Argentina.: C. Abdala, C. Robles and R. Juárez Cols. 21 / I / 2006. Paratypes. — FML 17731 – 734 and FML 17736: Same locality and date of the holotype. FML 22386 – 87: near Tromen volcano, Chos Malal departament, Neuquén, Argentina. 37 ° 04 ' 56,8 " S 70 ° 06 ' 15,5 " W, 2189 m. Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchii, and Stazzonelli cols. 15 / II / 2007.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFD0FFF411CFA39D8965F973.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Liolaemus tromen belongs to the L. melanops group. Within this group, the new species differenciates from L. boulengeri, L. donosobarrosi, L. goetschi, L. hermannunezi, L. inacayali, L. josei, L. loboi, L. martorii, L. melanops, L. puelche, L. rothi, L. sagei, L. senguer, L. tehuelche and L. telsen, because it shows a short antehumeral band that is not longer than the superior line of forelimbs, absent in the above-mentioned species. It also differenciates from the species belonging to the L. telsen group (except for L. rothi and L. sagei), because L. tromen has a larger snout-vent length (SVL) of 82.5 mm versus the SVL in the species of L. telsen group (62.3 – 77.1 mm). It is different from Liolaemus mapuche by having four scales contacting mental scale (four to six in L. mapuche), by having a more expanded melanic ventral surface and by the absence of light blue scales on mid body and tail. It is different from L. cuyanus, because it is smaller (max SVL 82.5 mm, whereas L. cuyanus is 102 mm), four scales in contact with mental scale (six in L. cuyanus) and by a broader ventral melanism. The new species segregates from the Liolaemus fitzingerii group (L. fitzingerii, L. canqueli, L. casamiquelai, L. chehuachekenk, L. fitzingerii, L. morenoi and L. xanthoviridis), by its strong sexual dichromatism, absent in all species except for L. melanops. Moreover, it is also remarkably shorter in SVL (maximum SVL 82.5 mm in L. tromen vs. 88.4 – 110 mm in the other species), has a short antehumeral band, never wide or expanded and never going further than the superior line of the forelimbs. Liolaemus tromen is different from L. canqueli, L. casamiquelai, L. fitzingerii, and L. xanthoviridis because it shows evident pre and postscapular spots. Comparing it to L. melanops, L. tromen is differnt by lacking cephalic melanism, the presence of the mentioned pre and postscapular spots and males are never green in L. tromen.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFD0FFF411CFA39D8965F973.taxon	description	Description of the Holotype. Adult male. SVL 80.2 mm. Trunk length 35.5 mm. Head longer (17.4 mm) than wide (14.0 mm). Head height 10.3 mm. Eye diameter 5.51 mm. Interorbital distance 8.4 mm. Orbit – auditory meatus distance 6.22 mm. Auditory meatus height 3.3 mm; 2.1 mm wide. Orbit – commissure of mouth distance 2.43 mm. Internares 2,74 mm. Subocular scale 4.84 mm. Femur length 15.8 mm, tibia 16.6 mm, and foot 25.1 mm. Humerus length 12.1 mm, radio length 10.5 mm, and hand 12.9 mm, base of the tail 9.19 mm, tail length 97.8 mm. Dorsal surface of the head smooth with 17 scales. Rostral wider than high, bordered by eight scales. Mental larger than rostral, trapezoidal and bordered by four scales. Nasal not in contact with rostral. Four internasals. Nasal scale surrounded by seven scales, separated from canthal scale by two scales. Four scales between frontal and supercilliaries. Eight scales between frontal and rostral. Frontal divided in four. Two postrostrals. Interparietal smaller than parietals, contacting with eight scales. Orbital semicircles complete. Five supraoculars. Preocular separated from lorilabial row by one scale. Three scales in anterior margin of auditory meatus. Twelve smooth temporals. Seven lorilabials, two of them in contact with subocular scale. Seven supralabials, none in contact with subocular. Five infralabials, second in contact, ventrally, with two scales. Six chinshields, second pair separated by two scales. Seventy scales around midbody. Sixty-nine round, imbricate, and keeled dorsals from occiput to hind limbs. Lateral scales keeled, some keels less evident and some scales smooth. One hundred and nine, ventrals flat and imbricated scales. Thirteen scales in pigal region. Thirty-nine smooth weakly imbricate gulars. Eight precloacal pores. Antehumeral scales flat, larger in size than dorsals. Postauricular, rictal, and longitudinal folds present. Scales on the longitudinal fold granular and smooth. Fourth finger with 20 subdigital lamellae; fourth toe with 31. Infracarpals flat, imbricate, and not trifid. Infratarsals flat, imbricate, and not trifid. Teeth crown shaped, with three expanded and deep cuspids. Color in life. Figs 1 – 2. Dorsal head light brown in Liolaemus tromen with some scales and small darker spots. Flanks in the head are lighter than dorsum and show less dark spots. Subocular scale white with dark spots. On the trunk there is a series of eight subsquare paravertebral spots. Laterally there are two series of five lateral spots in black color and irregular shape. Dorsal background color, light brownish with yellowish, the latter is more evident on flanks of the trunk. There are no vertebral lines or dorsolateral bands. Two large and evident black scapular maculi, they are short vertical bars. The prescapular is larger than the postscapular. Antehumeral band short and wide. Fore and hindlimbs are light brownish with scarce dark spots and few dark scales. Dorsally, the tail on the proximal part is the same color as the trunk, and turns lighter at the cloaca level with more yellowish marks. The flanks of the tail are light yellow colored with very few dark spots. Ventrally, the head is light cream without spots, but the throat, chest, belly, tail, cloaca and limbs are totally melanic. The femoral patch is light yellow. The gular melanic region extends to the neck in contact to the antehumeral band. Ventrally the tail is light yellow without spots. Variation (based on seven specimens) Figs. 3 – 4. Table 2 shows variation between sexes. Snout-vent length 61.6 – 82.5 mm (X = 73.9; SD = 8.5). Head length 13.2 – 17.4 mm (X = 15.6; SD = 1.7), width 10.9 – 14.0 mm (X = 12.6; SD = 1.3). Interorbit distance 6.8 – 9.6 mm (X = 8.4; DS = 1.0). Humerous length 9.1 – 12.3 (X = 11.1; DS = 1.2). Radio length 8.4 – 10.6 (X = 9.7; DS = 1.0). Auditory meatus height 2.1 – 4.2 (X = 2.9; DS = 0.6), wide 1.3 – 2.3 (X = 1.9; DS = 0.4). Axilla-groin distance 26.9 – 40.0 mm (X = 33.8; SD = 4.9). Femur length 11.5 – 15.8 (X = 13.7; DS = 1.5). Tibia length 12.6 – 17.8 (X = 15.1; DS = 1.7). Tail length 77.0 – 107.9 mm (X = 96.3; SD = 12.8). Midbody scales 59 – 70 (X = 65.1; SD = 3.8). Dorsal scales, 67 – 75 (X = 70.1; SD = 2.7) between occiput and anterior surface of thighs. Dorsal head scales 14 – 18 (X = 15.8; SD = 1.5). Ventrals 96 – 109 (X = 102.4; SD = 4.1). Scales around interparietal 6 – 8 (X = 7.0; SD = 0.6). Five to eight (X = 6.2; SD = 1.0) enlarged supraoculars. Ten to twelve (X = 10.8; SD = 1.0), smooth temporals. Auricular, longitudinal and antehumeral fold present. Gulars 32 – 40 (X = 35.3; SD = 3.3). Supralabials 6 – 7 (X = 6.5; SD = 0.5). Infralabials 4 – 7 (X = 5.6; SD = 1.0). Scales around nasals 5 – 7 (X = 6.1; SD = 0.6). Six to eight scales between rostral and frontal (X = 7.0; SD = 0.7). Five to seven lorilabials (X = 7.0; SD = 0.9). From two to four lorilabials in contact with the subocular scale. Subdigital lamellae on fourth finger 18 – 22 (X = 20.3; SD = 1.4); on fourth toe 25 – 31 (X = 26.8; SD = 2.6). Precloacal pores 7 – 9 in males (X = 8.0; SD = 0.8), absent in females. Noticeably, sexual dichromatism is ventral, whereas dorsally there are no differences to denote between the sexes. Head color is variable, from dark grey to dark brown, in both sexes. Some specimens show a strait dark wide line that goes from the occipital region to the eyes. This character is absent in other individuals (particularly in the Holotype, Fig. 3). The dorsal background color is light brown or greyish. In males, on the medium dorso, there is a more intense yellow, also on the flanks. Remarkably, this was also observed in an adult female but lighter. Pre and postscapular bands marked and black. Antehumeral band short and generally wide. No vertebral line or dorsolateral bands. Black paravertebral spots irregularly shaped, subsquare or circular, which in females are paler with noticeable brown reddish scales in the middle of the paravertebral spots. The paravertebral spots in the middle trunk are larger, in some cases, so extended that they almost contact the lateral spots of the body. These paravertebral spots are also dark and at the midbody they tend to be Y shape. In two females, we saw white scales on the posterior margin of the paravertebral spots. Midbody flanks are spotless with a yellowish coloration. Tail coloration dorsally maintains the same color of the body, turning yellowish when it goes to the tip. Ventrally there is an evident strong dichromatism, males show a melanic phase in the neck, chest, belly and in some individuals melanism reaches cloaca and limbs. Gular melanism in males extends to the neck, contacting to the larger prescapular spot. Background color is only visible where no melanic scales are present. Conversely, females are light colored ventrally, with some dark scales on the neck and chest. Tail is ventrally yellowish in females and yellowish to greenish in males.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFD0FFF411CFA39D8965F973.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fig. 5. This species is known from the type locality, 7 km N from Huecú, Department El Cholar, and the nearby Tromen Volcano, Department Chos Malal, Neuquén, Argentina. These localities are 65 km apart from each other and it is possible that several populations of the same species may be found in between these localities. There is a possibility that this species is limited to an elevation at the base of the mountains of Neuquén. Natural History. Liolaemus tromen sp. nov was observed in an area scattered with large bushes with meteorized substrate and considerable medium to large rocks (in both localities). This species was always associated to the dominant bushes at the study sites. The type of soil is sandy, mixed with basaltic rocks. Liolaemus tromen sp nov. is sympatric to Diplolaemus sexinctus, Homonota sp., Leiosaurus belli, Liolaemus cf. elongatus, L. ceii and Phymaturus dorsimaculatus. It is possible that like other members of the Liolaemus melanops group, Liolaemus tromen is oviparous and mainly insectivorous-omnivorous. The daily activity in adults is greater between 12: 00 and 15: 00 hs, when sand reaches its highest temperature. No other data on the natural history of this species is known.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFD0FFF411CFA39D8965F973.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Tromen Volcano, Neuquén Province, Argentina. Tromen means “ totora ” or “ cloudy or shady place ” in the mapuche language.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFDDFFED11CFA39D88ABFDF4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. - FML 24153 (FBC 1694): 6 km N of San Ignacio, on the way to Zapala National Route 40, Department La Rinconada, Neuquén Province, Argentina. 39 ° 50´54.4 " S 70 ° 39´52.6 " W 1071 m. C. Abdala, M. Bonino, F. Cruz, L. Moreno Azócar, R. V. Semhan Cols. 3 / XII / 2009. Paratypes. — FML 24154 – 163: Same locality and data of the holotype. FML 24164 – 165: toward Primeros Pinos on provincial route 13, Department Zapala, Neuquén Province, Argentina. 38 ° 52´16.1 " S 70 ° 19´17.9 " W. 1275 m. C. Abdala, M. Bonino, F. Cruz, L. Moreno Azócar, R. V. Semhan Cols. 2 / XII / 2009. – FML 24166 – 168: 41 km W of Zapala and 1 km S of provincial route 13, Department Zapala, Neuquén Province, Argentina. 38 ° 51´14.4 " S 70 ° 30´22,3 " W. 1288 m. C. Abdala, M. Bonino, F. Cruz, L. Moreno Azócar, R. V. Semhan Cols. 2 / XII / 2009. – FML 21473 – 74: Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca, near Park Ranger station, Department Zapala, Neuquén Province, Argentina. 39 ° 02 ' 38.5 " S 70 ° 19 ' 36.4 " W, 1272 m. C. Abdala, A. S. Quinteros, G. Scrocchi, and J. C. Stazzonelli cols. 18 / XI / 2007. FML: 21482: Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca, Department Zapala, Neuquén Province, Argentina. C. Abdala, A. S. Quinteros, G. Scrocchi, and J. C. Stazzonelli cols. 18 / XI / 2007. FML: 21499; 21534 – 35: Provincial route 46, Laguna Blanca National Park, entering gate, Department Zapala, Neuquén Province, Argentina. 39 ° 02 ' 55.8 " S 70 ° 16 ' 36.2 " W, 1306 m. C. Abdala, A. S. Quinteros, G. Scrocchi, and J. C. Stazzonelli cols. 17 / XI / 2007. FML 22211: 2 km S from Collón – Curá bridge, Department Collón-Curá, Neuquén Province, Argentina. C. S. Abdala, J. S. Abdala and E. Malovini cols. 18 / I / 2002. FML 22187 – 88: 35 km S from Collón-Curá, Department Collón-Curá, Neuquén Province, Argentina C. S. Abdala, J. S. Abdala and E. Malovini cols. 18 / I / 2002 Liolaemus purul belongs to the L. melanops group. Within this group, this species differenciates from the species belonging to L. fitzingerii group because of its smaller SVL (L. purul maximum SVL 77.1 mm vs. 89 – 106 mm in the adult members of the L. fitzingerii group: L. canqueli, L. casamiquelai, L. chehuachekenk, L. fitzingerii, L. melanops, L. morenoi, L. xanthoviridis). The new species, L. purul, shows sexual dichromatism, body shape is not cylindrical (torpedo like), and it lacks the melanic antehumeral band. This new species is different from L. mapuche and L. cuyanus, because the former species is smaller (maximum SVL in L. purul 77.1 mm vs. 83 and 102 mm in L. mapuche and L. cuyanus, respectively); it has four scales in contact with the mental scale (six in L. cuyanus and between four and six in L. mapuche). This taxon is different from Liolaemus donosobarrosi by having different dorsally and ventrally coloration patterns and because the number of scales around midbody is lower in the new taxon (58 – 72 X = 65.6 vs. 79 – 95; X = 85,4 in L. donosobarrosi). Conversely to Liolaemus goetschi, the new species has a higher number of ventral scales 96 – 106 (X = 101.6) vs. 79 – 89 (X = 74.2) in L. goetschi; it has four scales in contact with the mental scale (4 – 6 en L. goetschi). Liolaemus purul does not show paravertebral spots that forms a dark colored line with a wavy shaped white spot on the posterior part of each spot that is present in L. goetschi. In this new species, males are ventrally melanic, supralabials alternately light and darkly colored. Flanks and sides of the head show light blue and green scales in L. purul. The new taxon is distinguishible from Liolaemus hermannunezi by having a larger body size; SVL 77.1 mm vs. 64.1 mm. in L. hermannunezi. Males in L. purul possess supralabial scales in alternated colors (light and dark). There are green and light blue scales at the sides of the head and midbody in L. purul and the melanic gular region is greater in L. purul than in L. hermannunezi. The new taxon is different from L. josei by having four scales in contact to the mental scale (4 – 6 in L. josei); it has noticeable scapular specs. Among other differences, L. purul is larger than L. martorii (SVL 77.1 mm vs. 67.1 mm); the new species lacks of dark paravertebral spots, or if present the dark line is bordered in white. The new species does not have two banded-shaped spots on the gular region (present in L. martorii). Males of L. purul show a clear ventral melanism; supralabials show alternated dark and light colored scales and light blue and greenish specs on the head sides, midbody and tail. The differences between Liolaemus purul and L. boulengeri are: larger SVL in L. purul (77.1 mm vs. 69.0 mm), supralabials alternately dark and light colored, light blue and green scales on the sides of the head, body and tail. The predominance of ventral melanism is higher in L. purul than in L. boulengeri, and the former species never shows a reddish belly, typical of L. boulengeri. It differs from Liolaemus inacayali by the presence of scapular spots in males, scales light blue or greenish on the sides of the head, midbody and tail, absent in L. inacayali. In addition, males of L. purul exhibit ventral melanism and a lower number of ventral scales, 96 – 106 (X = 101.6), than L. inacayali 107 – 118 (X = 112.6). The differences between Liolaemus loboi and L. purul are: the presence of supralabials alternately dark and light colored, ventral melanism and light blue and green scales on the sides of the head, body and tail in the new taxon, absent in L. loboi. Liolaemus rothi is larger than L. purul (max 92.0 mm SVL vs 77.1 mm); the new species has scapular spots and males exhibit broad and marked melanism, all these characteristics are absent in L. rothi Liolaemus purul differs from L. sagei by its smaller SVL (max SVL 77.1 mm vs. 92.8 mm), a smaller number of ventral scales (96 – 106, X = 101.6, vs. 110 – 124, X = 118.3), and the dorsum (64 – 83, X = 71.6, vs. 85 – 98, X = 90.6) and by possessing evident scapular specs and ventral melanism. The new species is different from Liolaemus senguer because it is larger in SVL (77.1 mm vs. 62.3 mm.), the new species has supralabials alternately dark and light colored, light blue and green scales on the sides of the head, body and tail. Additionally, L. senger shows a typical blue ventral coloration not present in L. purul. Liolaemus purul differs from L. tehuelche because males show a broader melanic surface; flank coloration is different, red or intense yellow in L. tehuelche and light blue or greenish in L. purul. Supralabials and infralabials show differences in coloration and pattern between both species. This new species is different from L. telsen by having a lower number of scales around the midbody (58 – 72; X = 65,6 vs. 74 – 84; X = 77,5), lower number of dorsal scales (64 – 83; X = 71,6 vs. 83 – 96; X = 88,8), larger SVL (77.1 mm vs. 68.8 mm). Liolaemus purul exhibits a more intense ventral melanism, supralabials alternately dark and light colored and light blue and green scales on the sides of the head, body and tail, all these characteristics are different in L. telsen.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFDDFFED11CFA39D88ABFDF4.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male. SVL 77.1 mm. Trunk length 34.8 mm. Head longer (16.7 mm) than wide (13.2 mm). Head height 8.7 mm. Eye diameter 5.58 mm. Interorbital distance 9.2 mm. Orbit – auditory meatus distance 6.19 mm. Auditory meatus height 2.3 mm; 2.2 mm wide. Orbit – commissure of mouth distance 2.20 mm. Internares 3.01 mm. Subocular scale 5.44 mm. Femur length 13.8 mm, tibia 14.6 mm, and foot 21.8 mm. Humerus length 9.8 mm, radius length 8.8 mm, and hand 10.9 mm. Base of the tail 10.3. Tail length 104.2 mm. Dorsal surface of the head smooth, with 17 scales. Rostral wider than high, bordered by eight scales. Mental larger than rostral, trapezoidal, bordered by four scales. Nasal not in contact with rostral. Four internasals. Nasal scale surrounded by six scales, separated from canthal scale by two scales. Six scales between frontal and supercilliaries. Seven scales between frontal and rostral. Frontal divided in four. Two postrostrals. Interparietal is larger than parietals, also contacting with five scales. Orbital semicircles incomplete. Six supraoculars. Preocular separated from lorilabial row by one scale. Three scales in anterior margin of auditory meatus. Twelve smooth temporals. Seven lorilabials, two of them in contact with subocular scale. Eight supralabials, none in contact with subocular. Six infralabials, second in contact, ventrally, with two scales. Five chinshields, second pair separated by two scales. Sixty five scales around midbody. Sixty four round, imbricate, and keeled dorsals from occiput to hind limbs. Scales of flank same size and shape than dorsals. Ninety six ventrals, flat and imbricate. Eleven scales in pigal region. Thirty three smooth weakly imbricate gulars. Nine precloacal pores. Antehumeral scales flat, larger or equal in size than dorsals. Postauricular, rictal, and longitudinal folds present. Scales on the longitudinal fold, granular and smooth. Fourth finger with 23 subdigital lamellae; fourth toe with 27. Infracarpals flat, imbricate, and not trifid. Infratarsals flat, imbricate, and not trifid. Teeth crown shaped, with three deep and expanded cuspids. Color in life. Figs 6 – 7. Head dark gray on the sides and top with several scales with tiny light colored spots. Subocular grey greenish with dark spots. Supralabials, part of loreolabials and infralabials show alternance of light green or light blue with darker scales. Upper and lower temporal regions with scales and specks light blue colored. Trunk has two series of eleven subsquarely shaped paravertebral stains and two series of five lateral black spots. Dorsum and flanks of body are yellow-brownish, speckled with numerous intense green, light blue and yellow scales. The vertebral region has a discontinuous longitudinal line of light yellow scales. There is no vertebral line or dorsolateral band; vertebral line or dorsolateral band when present are not notorious. There are two large black scapular spots on each side, the prescapular one larger than the postscapular. There is also a small spot, but sharply marked previous to the prescapular spot. Together, the scapular spots form a pseudo vertical band. Fore and hind limbs are light grey, forelimbs with numerous colored scales same as the flanks. Thighs, upperly and anteriorly covered with light blue scales. Tail dorsally and laterally grayish at the base, but suddenly turns yellow until the tip. There are several green and light blue scales on the lateral sides of the tail. Jaw region is ventrally melanic with pale spots close to the infralabials. Throat and chest and the medial part of the abdomen are totally melanic. Adyacent to the great ventral melanic region the coloration is light blue, then turning light yellow to the laterals. Cloacae, hind and forelimbs and base of the tail are light blue, then the tail turns yellow on the sides and white on the ventral side; there are also a few black scales and specks irregularly distributed. Variation (based on twenty four specimens). Figs. 8 – 9. Variation between males and females is shown in Table 2. Snout-vent length 59.2 – 77.1 mm (X = 67.0; SD = 6.7). Head length 12.0 – 17.2 mm (X = 14.4; SD = 1.6), width 9.8 – 13.7 mm (X = 11.1; SD = 1.2). Interorbit distance 6.1 – 8.4 mm (X = 7.2; DS = 0.7). Humerus length 8.2 – 10.9 (X = 9.3; DS =. 7). Radius length 6.9 – 9.3 (X = 7.9; DS = 0.8). Auditory meatus height 1.5 – 3.0 (X = 2.2; DS = 0.5), width 1.1 – 2.2 (X = 1.6; DS = 0.4). Axilla-groin distance 25.6 – 35.3 mm (X = 30.2; SD = 3.3). Femur length 8.2 – 14.5 (X = 12.4; DS = 1.8). Tibia length 9.1 – 15.7 (X = 12.7; DS = 1.9). Tail length 77.6 – 104.2 mm (X = 92.99; SD = 10.8). Midbody scales 58 – 72 (X = 65.6; SD = 3.6). Dorsal scales, 64 – 83 (X = 71.6; SD = 5.0) between occiput and anterior surface of thighs. Dorsal head scales 14 – 19 (X = 16.5; SD = 1.5). Ventrals 96 – 106 (X = 101.6; SD = 3.1). Scales around interparietal 5 – 9 (X = 6.7; SD = 1.0). Four to seven (X = 5.8; SD = 0.6) enlarged supraoculars. Nine to twelve (X = 10.6; SD = 1.1), smooth temporals. Auricular, longitudinal and antehumeral fold present. Gulars 30 – 36 (X = 33.7; SD = 1.7). Supralabials 6 – 8 (X = 6.6; SD = 0.7). Infralabials 4 – 7 (X = 5.8; SD = 0.7). Scales around nasals 4 – 8 (X = 6.2; SD = 0.9). Six to ten scales between rostral and frontal (X = 7.1; SD = 1.1). Four to nine lorilabials (X = 6.6; SD = 1.5). One to four lorilabials in contact with the subocular scale. Precloacal pores 7 – 10 in males (X = 8.5; SD = 0.8), absent in females. Evident sexual dichromatism. Head in males with a singular and colorful latero-dorsal pattern; background color is brownish to greyish darker than the body background coloration. There are numerous irregularly distributed white and light blue scales on the top of the head too. A noticeable white straight line goes from the upper eyelids (nearby superciliar scales) to the occipital region. Some individuals possess a group of light blue and yellow scales that may form a larger pale area. A unique combination of specks characterizes this species, these specks are on the supralabials and are disposed irregularly in different pale colors (white, yellow, green, light blue) combined with dark ones (generally black). These arrangements of scales may reach the infralabial scales. In the majority of the specimens, subocular scale is white or yellow with two black edges. Body background brownish, with a reddish nuance, and dorsolateral and flank coloration yellow, brownish or deep reddish. On the vertebral region, a generally discontinuous white line is observed. Paravertebral spots are subsquare in shape, dark brownish or black in adult males. However, in juveniles or smaller males, these spots are not as dark and show some pale scales in the center. Some white, light blue or yellow scales are commonly observed between paravertebral spots. Pre and postcapular spots sharply black colored. Flanks speckled, generally the same color as the paravertebral spots or paler. In some individuals, the lateral specks on the midbody merge forming a band or arc. None of the specimens show black antehumeral arc, vertebral line or dorsolateral bands. The majority of the individuals show a great number of light blue, white or yellow small scales or spots on the dorsolateral region of the trunk. Limb color varies from grey to brownish with dark and pale spots irregularly distributed. Tail coloration is similar to that of the vertebral region, but turns to yellow or light brown distally. The flanks of the tail show noticeable scales colored in light blue, green or yellow. Ventrally, the tail is white yellowish. Ventrally, males are markedly melanic on the jaw, gular region, chest, belly and cloaca. The throat melanism may expand to the neck. Adult males show light blue scales on the anterior part of the thighs. Probably melanism extends with aging, some juvenile show a pale colored jaw (white, yellow, light blue). Females show the typical coloration of this sex in the Liolaemus telsen species group. Head is grey or brownish with some darker spots on the top or the sides. Trunk is light brown or pale grey. Scapular spots are present, but paler than in males. Paravertebral specks subsquare, anteriorly pale brownish, then the middle intensely black, forming an arc and, posteriorly there is a small white spot. Like other females of the species belonging to the L. telsen group, L. purul females show pale orange stains in between the paravertebral spots. Lateral spots similar to paravertebral ones; like in males, spots on the midbody tend to expand to the belly. Some females show yellow or reddish scapular spots; it is possible this coloration is related to different reproductive stages. Tail is also typical of females within the L. telsen group; paravertebral spots merge in the center, brownish with black edges and surrounded by brownish-reddish bands. Ventrally, females are spotless white.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFDDFFED11CFA39D88ABFDF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fig. 5. This species occurs in central Neuquén Province, Argentina. It was collected from North of Zapala on National Route 40, near crossroad with provincial route 13 (located 40 km E from Primeros Pinos) to 35 km from Collón Curá to the South. It is likely that other populations remain undiscovered between both localities. Natural History. Liolaemus purul sp. nov was observed while basking over medium-sized rocks. Once they were chased, they escaped to the closest vegetation (usually a bush) and tried to hide by staying motionless or running from shaded to sunny spots. We observed Diplolaemus sexcinctus basking on the same type of rocks; however, the latter species moved quickly beneath the same rock, contrary to what was observed in the new taxon described here. Apparently this species is oviparous and mainly insectivorous, although some vegetable material is ingested. In the National Park Laguna Blanca, this species shares the general steppe habitat with other lizards: Liolaemus cf. elongatus, L. bibronii, L. ceii, Homonota darwinii, Diplolaemus sexinctus and Phymaturus querque. Etimology. The mapuche word “ purul ” means “ alternated black and white colors (as on a chess board) ”. This color pattern is present on the supralabials and is a typical feature that distinguishes this species from the rest of the species belonging to the L. melanops group.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFC6FFE811CFA1BE8BFAFAD3.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. — FML 24169 (FBC 1294): Sierra Colorada, on Provincial Route 212, km 23 route to Los Menucos, Río Negro Province, Argentina. 40 ° 32´54.5 " S 67 ° 37´10.4 " W. C. Abdala, M. Bonino, F. Cruz, L. Moreno Azócar Cols. II / 2009 Paratypes. — FML 24170 – 179: Same locality and date of the holotype. FML 24180 – 188: Sierra Colorada, on Provincial Route 212, km 23 route to Los Menucos, Río Negro Province, Argentina. 40 ° 32´54.5 " S 67 ° 37´10.4 " W. C. Abdala, F. Cruz, G. Perotti, R. Semhan Cols. XII / 2009. Liolaemus dumerili, belongs to the L. melanops group of species; within this group this new taxon differs from the species belonging to the L. fitzingerii group (L. canqueli, L. casamiquelai, L. chehuanchekenk, L. fitzingerii, L. melanops, L. morenoi, L. xanthoviridis) by a smaller SVL (max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 89 – 106 mm), sexual dichromatism is evident in the new species, and there is not a black antehumeral arc. It differs from L. mapuche, L. cuyanus and L. puelche, by its smaller SVL (max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 83, 102 and 89 mm, respectively) and four scales in contact to the mental scale (six in L. cuyanus; four to six in L. mapuche and L. puelche). The new taxon is different from L. donosobarrosi by the dorsal color pattern clearly different between these species and a lower number of scales around midbody (61 – 70, X = 65.1 vs. 79 – 95, X = 85.4). The new species is different from Liolaemus goetschi because it has four scales in contact to the mental scale (4 – 6 in L. goetschi), a larger SVL (max 80.9 mm vs. 74.2 mm); males present a broader ventral dark brown coloration, are sexually dichromatic. Female dorsal pattern is clearly different between species. Liolaemus dumerili is different from L. hermannunezi because it is larger (max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 64.1 mm); male dorsal pattern is different with presence of light blue or greenish scales on the flanks and tail, absent in L. hermannunezi. The new species is different from Liolaemus josei because it has a larger SVL (max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 73.1 mm), it has four scales contacting the mental scale (4 – 6 in L. josei), evident scapular spots and a broader ventral dark coloration absent in L. josei. Liolaemus martorii and the new taxon are different by the SVL 80.9 mm in L. dumerili vs. 67.1 mm in L. martorii, the number of ventral scales are 88 – 96 (X = 93.9) and 97 – 114 (X = 105.0), respectively and dark brown ventral coloration is evident in males of L. dumerili. The new taxon differenciates from Liolaemus inacayali, L. martorii, L. rothi and L. sagei because it has a lower number of ventral scales (88 – 96, X = 93.9 vs. more than 96 in the mentioned species; see Table 1). Liolaemus dumerili is different from L. boulengeri in presenting a larger SVL (80.9 mm vs. 69.0 mm.), males have light blue and greenish scales on the flanks and tail, never red color in the abdomen (typical of L. boulengeri). The new species is different from Liolaemus rothi by a smaller SVL (max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 92.0 mm), it has a lower number of ventral scales (88 – 96, X = 93.9 vs. 96 – 113, X = 103.6), the presence of scapular spots and ventral coloration absent in L. rothi. Liolaemus dumerili and L. sagei differ in their SVL (L. dumerili max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 92.8 mm), the new species has a lower number of scales around the midbody (61 – 70, X = 65.1 vs. 84 – 102, X = 88.4), as well as ventral scales (88 – 96, X = 93.9 vs. 110 – 124, X = 118.3) and dorsal scales (72 – 80, X = 76.6 vs. 85 – 98, X = 90.6). The new species has scapular spots and males show a broader dark brown ventral coloration, absent in L. sagei. The differences between the new taxon and L. senguer are: SVL, larger in L. dumerili (80.9 mm vs. 62.3 mm), males have light blue and greenish scales on the flanks and tail, broader ventral melanism and abdomen is never blue as in L. senguer. The new species is different from L. inacayali by the presence of scapular spots, males have light blue and greenish scales on the flanks and absent on tail; in L. inacayali, and a lower number of ventral scales in L. dumerili (88 – 96, X = 93.9 vs. 107 – 118, X = 112.6). The new taxon is different from L. loboi because it has a lower number of ventral scales (88 – 96 X = 93.9 vs. 94 – 113 X = 101.8), a larger SVL (max SVL 80.9 mm vs. 72.7 mm), a different pattern of coloration in females and because males show gular melanism. Liolaemus dumerili is different from L. tehuelche in SVL, being the new taxon larger (max SVL = 80.9 mm vs. 74.2 mm.); there is a different dorsal color pattern and the jaw in the new taxon, which is not melanic in L. dumerili. is the new species is different from L. telsen by a larger SVL (80.9 mm vs. 68.8 mm.), a lower number of scales around midbody (61 – 70 X = 65,1 vs. 74 – 84; X = 77,5), dorsum (72 – 80 X = 76,6 vs. 83 – 96; X = 88,8) and the presence of light blue or green scales on the flanks and tail.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFC6FFE811CFA1BE8BFAFAD3.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male, SVL 78.0 mm. Left arm partially absent, probably as a consequence of predation failure. Trunk length 35.9 mm. Head longer (15.9 mm) than wide (11.8 mm). Head height 8.7 mm. Eye diameter 5.9 mm. Interorbital distance 8.4 mm. Orbit – auditory meatus distance 4.8 mm. Auditory meatus height 2.8 mm; 2.1 mm wide. Orbit – commissure of mouth distance 2.0 mm. Internares 2.7 mm. Subocular scale 5.25 mm. Femur length 14.9 mm, tibia 16.1 mm, and foot 22.4 mm. Humerus length 10.2 mm radio length 9.6 mm, and hand 10.8 mm. Base of tail 9.9 mm. Tail length 96.1 mm. Dorsal surface of the head smooth, with 17 scales. Rostral wider than higher, bordered by eight scales. Mental smaller than rostral, trapezoidal, bordered by four scales. Nasal not in contact with rostral. Four internasals. Nasal scale surrounded by eight scales, separated from canthal scale by two scales. Four scales between frontal and supercilliaries. Six scales between frontal and rostral. Frontal divided in four. Two postrostrals. Parietal larger than interparietals, in contact with seven scales. Orbital semicircles complete. Seven supraoculars. Preocular separated from lorilabial row by one scale. Three scales in anterior margin of auditory meatus. Eleven smooth temporals. Six lorilabials, three of them in contact with subocular scale. Eight supralabials, none in contact with subocular. Six infralabials, second in contact, ventrally, with two scales. Six chinshields, second pair separated by three scales. Seventy scales around midbody. Eighty four round, imbricate, and keeled dorsals from occiput to hind limbs. Scales of flank same sized and shaped than dorsals. Ninety nine ventrals, flat and imbricate. Fourtheen scales in pigal region. Thirty six smooth and weakly imbricate gulars. Nine precloacal pores. Antehumeral scales flat, larger or equal in size than dorsals. Postauricular, rictal, and longitudinal folds present. Scales on the longitudinal fold granular and smooth. Fourth finger with 16 subdigital lamellae; fourth toe with 27. Infracarpals flat, imbricate, and trifid. Infratarsals flat, imbricate, and trifid. Teeth crown-shaped, with three deep, expanded cusps. Color in life. Figs 10 – 11. Dorsally and on the sides, the head is brownish with small dark specks and many yellowish scales, light blue and green. Subocular white with a dark spot on the posterior part and a diffuse spot on the anterior part. Temporal region with two sharp black lines that runs from the eye to the timpanum on one side (right) and to the neck (left). Body surface is brownish with several spots green, light blue and yellow colored mainly on the flanks. Trunk with a series of 11 pairs of black and square shaped paravertebral spots that may be very close to each other or fuse in the vertebral region. Each paravertebral spot has a yellow line on the posterior side. There is no vertebral line or dorsolateral bands. There are two notorious black and big scapular spots; postscapular is slightly larger than the prescapular. Both scapular spots are bordered by yellow and green scales. Limbs are light brown with several green and yellow scales. On the flanks there are brownish diffuse specks bordered with yellow, green and in a smaller number, light blue scales; these colored scales are irregularly distributed. Tail slightly light brown, plus several yellow, green and light blue scales. Jaws are light colored. Throat, posterior part of the chest and belly show an irregular melanism. Cloaca, limbs, base of the tail ventrally light colored (cream ivory). On the cloaca and hindlimbs some scales and small black spots can be seen. Variation (based on 20 pecimens). Figs. 12 – 14. Variation between males and females is shown in Table 2. Snout-vent length 57.3 – 80.9 mm (X = 71.9; SD = 7.4). Head length 11.8 – 17.0 mm (X = 14.6; SD = 1.6), width 10.1 – 13.6 mm (X = 11.8; SD = 1.1). Interorbital distance 6.8 – 9.1 mm (X = 7.9; DS = 0.9). Humerus length 6.7 – 8.4 (X = 8.3; DS = 1.1). Radius length 7.0 – 8.6 (X = 7.9; DS = 0.7). Auditory meatus height 2.3 – 2.7 (X = 2.6; DS = 0.2), width 0.8 – 1.5 (X = 1.2; DS = 0.2). Axilla-groin distance 31.5 – 44.9 mm (X = 39.4; SD = 4.2). Femur length 10.5 – 15.5 (X = 13.6; DS = 2.0). Tibia length 9.7 – 15.6 (X = 12.8; DS = 2.0). Tail length 94.5 – 106.1 mm (X = 100.3 SD = 8.2). Midbody scales 61 – 70 (X = 65.1; SD = 3.3). Dorsal scales, 72 – 80 (X = 76.6; SD = 2.9) between occiput and anterior surface of thighs. Dorsal head scales 13 – 17 (X = 15.1; SD = 1.5). Ventrals 88 – 96 (X = 93.9; SD = 3.4). Scales around interparietal 6 – 9 (X = 7.1; SD = 1.1). Six to seven (X = 6.2; SD = 0.4) enlarged supraoculars. Nine to eleven (X = 9.8; SD = 0.9) smooth temporals. Auricular, longitudinal and antehumeral fold present. Gulars 30 – 40 (X = 35.1; SD = 3.4). Supralabials 6 – 10 (X = 7.8; SD = 1.3). Infralabials 5 – 8 (X = 6.3; SD = 0.9). Scales around nasals 6 – 8 (X = 7.2; SD = 0.8). Five to siX scales between rostral and frontal (X = 5.7 SD = 0.4). Seven to nine lorilabials (X = 7.9; SD = 0.6). Three to five lorilabials in contact with the subocular scale. Subdigital lamellae on fourth finger 17 – 21 (X = 18.2; SD = 1.0); on fourth toe 24 – 28 (X = 26.5; SD = 1.6). Precloacal pores 6 – 10 in males (X = 7.4; SD = 1.4), absent in females. Notorious sexual dichromatism. Males with variable head color from greyish, brownish both pale and dark, even some individuals yellowish on the sides. Most of the individuals with white, yellowish end even green scales and specks in the occipital and temporal regions, also on the posterior section of supralabials and loreolabials. A straight dark line from the upper eyelids (superciliar region) to the occipital passing through the temporal region. Dorsal body color from pale brown to dark brown, in some juvenile males dorsum is brown-reddish to orange. No vertebral line. Paravertebral spots subsquare in shape, anteriorly with a dark brown or black line forming a V shape cut. In some cases, paravertebral spots merge forming transversal bands. The posterior side of each paravertebral spots presents a bulky pale speck (white or yellow). These specks may have two different shapes, a transversal line (in this case, it may reach the flanks) or divided in two subsquare or circular specks (in this case, they may merge with the contiguous paravertebral spot). There is a recurrent tiny speck previous to each paravertebral spot. Two individuals show fused or almost fused paravertebral spots as in the case of the holotype. In between paravertebral specks, it is common to observe some pale scales. No dorsolateral bands are present in this species. Antehumeral arc short and narrow in most of the specimens, while in others, it is absent. Pre and postscapular specks black, generally the postscapular is larger. Generally these scapular spots have a small pale spot anteriorly and a tiny one posteriorly. A few specimens do not have spots on the flanks, while others have the flanks covered by specks slightly smaller and paler than paravertebral spots. These spots contact to the scapular and the paravertebral spots. On the sides of the body, there are spots and scales of light blue, green, white or yellow. In some cases spots are so abundant that the background color is different from grey or brownish. Limbs vary from grey to brownish with pale and dark specks irregularly distributed. Paravertebral spots continue over the tail and merge to paler spots resembling rings. On the sides of the tail several light blue, green or yellow bright scales. Ventrally adult males show a strong melanism in the gular region, that may extend to the pectoral and abdominal region. The outer ventral region is white, yellow or reddish. Tail is ventrally white or yellowish. Juveniles and small males present a reduced melanic ventral surface, suggesting that melanism grows with age. In females, head is grey or brownish, turning paler on trunk. Scapular specks are paler than those present in males. Paravertebral spots are subsquared in shape with a discolored speck on the posterior part, which, as in males, may extend to the laterals and are partially split. On the anterior part of the paravertebral spot, there is a noticeable brown-reddish or brown-orange speck. Lateral spots, when present, resemble parevertebral spots. Tail shows the same pattern observed in males. Ventrally, females are inmaculate white.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFC6FFE811CFA1BE8BFAFAD3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Fig. 5. This species is only known for the type locality, nearby Sierra Colorada, Río Negro, Argentina. Natural History: Liolaemus dumerili sp. nov is observed in a typical Monte region, in association with large bushes such as Larrea, Lycium and Schinus. The soil is compact and reddish. They bask in the bare soil but always close to the bushes or in sun-spots within the bushes, and when chased, they hide in bushes, remaining motionless, ocasionally hiding in burrows. Presumably this species is oviparous and omnivorous as other members of the clade.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
07576E4EFFC6FFE811CFA1BE8BFAFAD3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is dedicated to the French naturalist and zoologist André Marie Constant Duméril (1774 - 1860). Professor Duméril, teached anatomy, herpetology and ichthiology at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris from 1801 to 1812. He published numerous and important papers, among which the remarkable Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle complète des reptiles in which 1,393 species were described, detailing their anatomy, physiology and literature. Together with Gabriel Bibron, Duméril described seven new species of Liolaemus, among them L. cyanogaster, L. fitzingerii, L. multimaculatus, L. pictus, L. signifer, L. tenuis and L. wiegmannii.	en	S, Abdala C., Azocar, Moreno, Paz, Bonino M. M. (2012): Taxonomic study and morphology based phylogeny of the patagonic clade Liolaemus melanops group (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the description of three new taxa. Zootaxa 3163: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246295
