identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0722740AFFC9FFCA34EAFC7426E6FC3E.text	0722740AFFC9FFCA34EAFC7426E6FC3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracyatholaimus qingdaoensis Huang & Xu 2013	<div><p>Paracyatholaimus qingdaoensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1, 2)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Three males and four females were measured and studied. Holotype: ♂ 1, on slide HD090311-1; paratypes: ♂ 2, ♂ 3, ♀ 1, ♀ 2, ♀ 3, ♂ 4 on slides HD090311-1, HD090311- 2 and HD090311-3.</p><p>Type locality and habitat</p><p>Intertidal muddy sediment at Hongdao coast of Jiaozhou Bay (36 ◦ 20 ′ N, 120 ◦ 30 ′ E).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is named with reference to the coastal city of the type locality.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Measurements are given in Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male. Body cylindrical with little attenuation on both ends. Cuticle transversally annulated and punctated. The punctations about the same size along the body and closely arranged in transverse rows. No clear lateral differentiation. Body pores arranged in eight longitudinal rows.</p><p>Anterior end truncate. Mouth opening surrounded by six lips, inner labial sensilla hardly visible, the six outer labial setae and the four cephalic setae arranged in one circle. Four cephalic setae slightly shorter than six outer labial setae. Amphidial fovea multispirally coiled with four turns in the males and 3.5 turns in the female, situated at a distance (18 µm) from the apex.</p><p>Cheilostoma cup-shaped, its walls reinforced by bar-type rugae apparently 12 in number. Buccal cavity with one large pointed sclerotized dorsal tooth and two smaller ventrosublateral teeth.</p><p>Pharynx cylindrical, slightly widening posteriorly. Cardia poorly visible. Nerve ring not clear. Ventral gland and excretory pore hardly discernible.</p><p>Tail conical, thick and moderate length, with delicate terminal spinneret tube. A few longitudinal rows of short setae on the tail.</p><p>Diorchic; anterior testis outstretched, posterior smaller testis reflexed. Anterior testis situated to the right of the intestine, posterior testis to the left of the intestine. Spicules reverse S-shaped, distally pointed. Gubernaculum plate, with two cusps at distal end, parallel to the spicules. Ten thick setose supplements in a 5 + 5 arrangement. Anterior group of five supplements located at a protuberance.</p><p>Females. Similar to the males in most respects. Ovaries paired, opposed, reflexed, anterior ovary and posterior one 90 µm and 170 µm from vulva, respectively; vulva at post-midpoint of body length.</p><p>Differential diagnosis and discussion</p><p>Paracyatholaimus qingdaoensis sp. nov. is characterized by cylindrical body with conical tail; spicules reverse S-shaped, distally pointed; gubernaculum plate, with two cusps at distal end, parallel to the spicules; 10 thick setose precloacal supplements in a 5 + 5 arrangement, anterior group of five supplements located at a protuberance. The new species resembles Paracyatholaimus pentodon Riemann, 1966 in outline, but differs in number of amphidial spiral turns (four versus two), number and arrangement pattern of precloacal supplements (nine in even spaced versus 10 in a 5 + 5 arrangement), shape of spicules (S-shaped versus slender). The new species is closest to Paracyatholaimus helicellus Wieser, 1954 in the gubernacular shape, but differs in length of outer labial setae (7 µm versus 20.5 µm) and number of precloacal supplements (four versus ten).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0722740AFFC9FFCA34EAFC7426E6FC3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Huang, Yong;Xu, Kuidong	Huang, Yong, Xu, Kuidong (2013): Two new species of the genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the Yellow Sea. Journal of Natural History 47 (21 - 22): 1381-1392, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.752544, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.752544
0722740AFFCDFFC634EDFC2F25D8FC7D.text	0722740AFFCDFFC634EDFC2F25D8FC7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracyatholaimus huanghaiensis Huang & Xu 2013	<div><p>Paracyatholaimus huanghaiensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 3, 4)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Four males and three females were measured and studied. Holotype: ♂ 1, on slide RS110322-20; paratypes: ♂ 2, ♂ 3, ♂ 4, ♀ 1, ♀ 2, ♀ 3 on slide RS110322-6, RS110322-12 and RS110322-14.</p><p>Type locality and habitat</p><p>Intertidal sandy beach of Rushan city coast (37 ◦ 15 ′ N, 122 ◦ 10 ′ E).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is named after the sea area of the type locality.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>Measurements are given in Tables 3 and 4.</p><p>Male. Body cylindrical with little attenuation on both ends. Cuticle transversally annulated and punctated. The punctations about the same size along the body. No clear lateral differentiation. Body pores arranged in eight longitudinal rows. Somatic setae short, in four sublateral rows.</p><p>Anterior end truncate. Mouth opening surrounded by six lips, inner labial sensilla papillose. The six outer labial setae and the four cephalic setae arranged in one circle. Four cephalic setae slightly shorter than six outer labial setae. Amphidial fovea round in outline, multispirally coiled with four turns in the males and 3.5 turns in the female, just posterior to dorsal tooth of buccal cavity (located 16 µm from the anterior end).</p><p>Cheilostoma cup-shaped, its walls reinforced by triangular rugae apparently 12 in number. Buccal cavity with one large pointed sclerotized dorsal tooth and two smaller ventrosublateral teeth.</p><p>Pharynx cylindrical. Cardia poorly visible. Nerve ring not clear. Ventral gland just under the pharyngeal base, but excretory pore hardly visible.</p><p>Tail conical with distal third cylindrical. Three caudal glands. Terminal spinneret tube well developed. There are a few longitudinal rows of setae on the tail.</p><p>Diorchic; anterior testis outstretched, posterior smaller testis reflexed. Anterior testis situated to the right of the intestine, posterior testis to the left of the intestine. Spicules slender, curved, distally pointed. Gubernaculum handle shaped, expanding distally to a plate, with some sawteeth at distal end. Three papillose precloacal supplements. Each papilla protruding as a cone-shaped structure with cuticularized narrow ducts. Posteriormost one and anteriormost one 20 µm and 80 µm in front of cloaca, respectively. Testes not observed.</p><p>Female. Similar to the male in most respects. Ovaries paired, opposed, reflexed, anterior ovary and posterior one 160 µm and 110 µm from vulva, respectively; vulva at post-midpoint of body length.</p><p>Differential diagnosis and discussion</p><p>Paracyatholaimus huanghaiensis sp. nov. is characterized by cylindrical body with conic-cylindrical tail; spicules slender, curved, distally pointed; gubernaculum handleshaped, expanding distally to a plate, with some sawteeth at distal end; three papillose precloacal supplements, each papilla protruding conically with cuticularized narrow ducts. The new species resembles Paracyatholaimus pesavis Wieser and Hopper, 1967 and Paracyatholaimus botosaneanui Andrássy, 1973 in number of precloacal supplements and shape of gubernaculum. But the new species differs from P. pesavis by larger body (1640–2136 by 51–65 µm versus 1080–1170 by 35–44 µm), longer spicules (60 µm versus 30 µm), amphid with four turns versus five turns, and the distal third papilla prominent versus very faint. The new species differs from P. botosaneanui by number of precloacal supplements, three versus four.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0722740AFFCDFFC634EDFC2F25D8FC7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Huang, Yong;Xu, Kuidong	Huang, Yong, Xu, Kuidong (2013): Two new species of the genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the Yellow Sea. Journal of Natural History 47 (21 - 22): 1381-1392, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.752544, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.752544
0722740AFFC1FFC035F2FB8A2348FED5.text	0722740AFFC1FFC035F2FB8A2348FED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky 1923	<div><p>Key to species of the Genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky, 1923 in marine habitats</p><p>1. Tail conical............................................................. 2 Tail conico-cylindrical................................................... 9</p><p>2. Male without precloacal supplements.............. P. occultus Gerlach, 1956 Male with prominent precloacal supplements............................. 3</p><p>3. Precloacal supplements papillose......................................... 4 Precloacal supplements setose............................................ 5</p><p>4. Male with five precloacal supplements, spicule cephalated at proximal end..................................................... P. vitraeus Gerlach, 1957 Male with four to nine precloacal supplements, spicule not cephalated at proximal end................................. P. intermedius De Man, 1880</p><p>5. Body length longer than 1400 µm ........................................ 6 Body length shorter than 1000 µm ....................................... 8</p><p>6. Ten precloacal supplements in a 5 + 5 arrangement.. P. qingdaoensis sp. nov. Male with four or nine precloacal supplements............................ 7</p><p>7. Male with four precloacal supplements, amphid with 3–3.25 turns.......................................................... P. pentodon Riemann, 1966</p><p>Male with nine precloacal supplements, amphid with two turns............................................................... P. helicellus Wieser, 1954</p><p>8. Male with one precloacal supplements, amphid with 4.5–5 turns.............................................................. P. separatus Wieser, 1954 Male with five or six precloacal supplements, amphid with 2.5 turns............................................................... P. articus Kreis, 1963</p><p>9. Tail with long distal filiform portion..................................... 10 Tail without distal filiform part......................................... 11</p><p>10. Six precloacal supplements in a 2 + 2 + 2 arrangement..................................................................... P. duplicatus Gerlach, 1964 Six or seven precloacal supplements forward gradually increasing the distance between each other.............................. P. quadriseta Wieser, 1954</p><p>11. Precloacal supplements papillose........................................ 12 Precloacal supplements setose........................................... 17</p><p>12. Body length longer than 1100 µm ....................................... 13 Body length shorter than 1000 µm ...................................... 16</p><p>13. Male with three precloacal supplements................................. 14 Male with four or five precloacal supplements........................... 15</p><p>14. Spicule 30 µm, amphid with five turns... P. pesavis Wieser and Hopper, 1967 Spicule 60 µm, amphid with four turns............. P. huanghaiensis sp. nov.</p><p>15. Four precloacal supplements in even distance apart.................................................................... P. botosaneanui Andrássy, 1973 Five precloacal supplements in a 2 + 3 arrangement................................................................... P. paucipapillatus Gerlach, 1955</p><p>16. Male with four precloacal supplements............ P. rotundus Gerlach, 1964 Male with six precloacal supplements............. P. spinulosus Jensen, 1985</p><p>17. Tail of male with postanal papilla....................................... 18 Tail of male without postanal papilla.................................... 19</p><p>18. Male with 14 stout precloacal supplements.......... P. saradi Gerlach, 1967 Male with three stout and some slender precloacal supplements.................................................................. P. ternus Wieser, 1954</p><p>19. Tail longer than 5 a.b.d................................................. 20 Tail shorter than 4 a.b.d................................................. 21</p><p>20. Length of spicules longer than 46 µm .......................................................................... P. pugettensis Wieser and Hopper, 1967 Length of spicules shorter than 31 µm ............ P. dubiosus Bütschli, 1874</p><p>21. Male with one precloacal supplements, cephalic setae minute............................................................... P. proximus, Bütschli, 1874 Male with four to seven precloacal supplements, cephalic setae longer..... 22</p><p>22. Amphid with more than five turns....................................... 23 Amphid with less than three turns....................................... 24</p><p>23. Male with six precloacal supplements, spicules with proximal knobs............................................................ P. diva Tchesunov, 2008 Male with five precloacal supplements, spicules without knobs............................................... P. vancouverensis Sharma and Vincx, 1982</p><p>24. Male with seven precloacal supplements........... P. chilensis Gerlach, 1953 Male with four precloacal supplements.............. P. truncates Cobb, 1914</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0722740AFFC1FFC035F2FB8A2348FED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Huang, Yong;Xu, Kuidong	Huang, Yong, Xu, Kuidong (2013): Two new species of the genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the Yellow Sea. Journal of Natural History 47 (21 - 22): 1381-1392, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.752544, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.752544
