identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
064787F37535846EFDFF7DE42A7FFC90.text	064787F37535846EFDFF7DE42A7FFC90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angulyagra Rao 1931	<div><p>Genus Angulyagra Rao, 1931</p><p>Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925: 132 [non Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901 (Ciliophora), junior homonym].</p><p>Angulyagra Rao, 1931: 301 .</p><p>Type species</p><p>Paludina oxytropis Benson, 1836, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>“The shell is of large size, conical, thin but ornamented with prominent smooth spiral ridges which are concave on the internal surface. The base is somewhat flattened. The umbilicus is broadly rimate with a broad channel descending downwards from it. The mantle has enlarged and highly vascular finger-shaped processes on the margin” (Rao 1925).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The shell of Angulyagra is most similar to that of Torotaia or Dalipaludina, all of them possessing a large thin shell with strong keels, acute apex, and simple columellar lip. It can be distinguished from the latter two genera based on the following combination of characters: teleoconch whorls with strong keels obviously darker than the rest of the shell surface in colour, open umbilicus bordered by a strong keel; operculum with growth lamellae on exterior surface and radial striae on interior surface; radula with narrow marginal teeth, the width of both inner and outer marginal teeth is only half that of the lateral teeth, and outer marginal teeth with 15 tiny cusps; highly vascular finger-shaped processes on the mantle margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37535846EFDFF7DE42A7FFC90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37535846FFDBB7DA62F6EF916.text	064787F37535846FFDBB7DA62F6EF916.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bellamyinae Rohrbach 1937	<div><p>Subfamily Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937</p><p>Identification key to genera Bakyietaia gen. nov., Taia, Angulyagra *, Sinotaia, Anulotaia, Filopaludina</p><p>1. Columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely or partially ...................... 2</p><p>– Columellar lip simple, not recurved, umbilicus open ....................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Primary keels smooth, operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 to 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins ........................ Bakyietaia Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. nov.</p><p>– Keel absent, or with obvious spines or nodules on primary keel, inner opercular region completely or partly covered by a rough sandpaper-like layer .......................................... Taia Annandale, 1918</p><p>3. Umbilicus widely open, with a strong keel around, primary keels strong ....................................... 4</p><p>– Umbilicus narrowly open, without obvious keel around, primary keel weak or absent .................. 5</p><p>4. Shell large, ~ 35 mm in height, thin and fragile, operculum with growth lamellae on exterior surface and radial striae on interior surface, with large smooth nuclear region (around 1/3 of inner opercular region) ............................................................................................................ Angulyagra Rao, 1931</p><p>– Shell small to medium, always 20 to 30 mm in height, thick and solid, operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins ..... Anulotaia Brandt, 1968</p><p>5. Operculum with small nuclear region with shiny grains or veins ...................... Sinotaia Haas, 1939</p><p>– Operculum with inner opercular region (including nuclear region) completely or partly covered by a rough sandpaper-like layer ...................................................................... Filopaludina Habe, 1964</p><p>*Only characters of the type species of Angulyagra have been included when building the key.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37535846FFDBB7DA62F6EF916	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F375348460FDAF78632897FE68.text	064787F375348460FDAF78632897FE68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angulyagra oxytropis (Benson 1836)	<div><p>Angulyagra oxytropis (Benson, 1836)</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Paludina oxytropis Benson, 1836: 745 (type locality not stated in the original description).</p><p>Paludina pyramidata von dem Busch, 1844 in Philippi 1842 –1850: 113, pl. 1 figs 3–4.</p><p>Vivipara oxytropis – Preston 1915: 84. — Annandale &amp; Seymour Sewell 1920: 113. — Annandale 1921: 544–552, figs 2–5.</p><p>Dactylochlamys oxytropis – Rao 1925: 132.</p><p>Angulyagra oxytropis – Rao 1931: 301. — Subba Rao 1989: 51, fig. 70. — Preece et al. 2022: 94, fig. 38a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell large, fragile and lightweight. Each teleoconch whorl with three strong keels, open umbilicus bordered by one strong keel. Operculum with growth lamellae on exterior surface and radial striae on interior surface. Inner and outer marginal teeth of radula both nearly half of lateral tooth in width. Mantle edge with a number of finger-shaped processes.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BENGAL • dry preserved specimen; NHMUK.1879.12.26.120.</p><p>Other material</p><p>INDIA • 8 specs (preserved dry, 6 adults and 2 juveniles); Manipur, Loktak “ Logtak Lake ”; NHMUK.1974.03.7.1 to NHMUK. 1974.03.8 • 2 specs (preserved dry); Assam, Manipur, Loktak Lake; NHMUK. 2019.04.31.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell (Fig. 4A–F) large, broadly conical, thin, lightweight, fragile, olive to greenish brown; up to six whorls at adulthood, including one relatively smooth protoconch whorl, apex acute; each teleoconch whorl with three strong primary keels of darker colour, the strongest keel above suture, one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between primary keels; base of shell with three to four spiral keels of darker colour, one to two weaker secondary keel located between strong primary keels; aperture ovate, inner shell surface bluish white, with obvious grooves corresponding to the position of the three strong keels, outer lip thin, three strong keels extending to margin of outer lip, columellar lip thin and simple; umbilicus broadly open, bordered by a strong keel.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 4G–H) corneous, transparent pale brown, rather thin; nucleus sub-central, close to inner margin; exterior surface with regularly distributed growth lamellae; interior surface with large inner opercular region and radial striae starting from nucleus; nuclear region relatively large, smooth and glossy, with veins at margin.</p><p>Radular central tooth with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle, three small sharp cusps on inner side and six small sharp cusps on outer side; inner and outer marginal teeth narrow, both nearly half of lateral tooth in width; inner marginal tooth with one broad central denticle and three small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth with 15 tiny sharp cusps (summarized based on the figure and description from Annandale 1921).</p><p>Mantle edge with a number of finger-shaped processes, three of these processes larger, each large process corresponding to a groove of the inner shell surface; gill lamella with a broad base and a long finger-shaped part; about ten embryos and ten eggs in the uterus of a pregnant female (summarized based on the figure and description from Rao (1925) and Annandale (1921)).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species can be easily distinguished from the other viviparid species according to the remarks for the genus. As the type species of Angulyagra, A. oxytropis shows large morphological and anatomical differences to many species nominally assigned to Angulyagra, especially in the large, thin, light and fragile shell with an open umbilicus and simple columellar lip, the distinctive operculum, and marginal teeth of the radula.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Loktak Lake and nearby wetland ponds in the Manipur Valley of India.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F375348460FDAF78632897FE68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F3753A8464FE447E752A8EF939.text	064787F3753A8464FE447E752A8EF939.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Genus Bakyietaia Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0CAF30C4-7358-447E-864B-D3AE06F19240</p><p>Type species</p><p>Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Adult shell mostly medium in size for the family (20~ 30 mm in height), sturdy. Each teleoconch whorl with three to five (mostly three) strong smooth keels. Umbilicus covered by crescent-shaped callus formed from columellar lip. Operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 to 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins. Inner marginal teeth of radula nearly half of outer marginal teeth in width. Mantle margin simple and smooth.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>‘Bakyie’ is derived from ‘Bakyied’ in the Zhuang Language (百ṉ in Chinese), referring to various ethnic groups living in South China and northern Vietnam; ‘taia’ refers to its similarity to the viviparid genus Taia Annandale, 1918 . The recommended Chinese name is ṉ田ª.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell mostly medium in size for the family (20~ 30 mm in height), thin to thick, solid, conical; apex acute, teleoconch whorls with three to four smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, base of shell with one to six keels, keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; recurved columellar lip from different growing periods sometimes forming a crescent-shaped callus, normally covering umbilicus; operculum with smooth exterior surface and a relatively small nuclear region (around 1/4 to 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; radula with narrow inner marginal teeth (narrower than lateral teeth) and wide outer marginal teeth (almost same as lateral teeth in width), outer marginal teeth with 15 to 43 tiny cusps; mantle margin simple and smooth.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Previously described species in this genus have hitherto mostly been assigned to the genus Angulyagra, while a few have been assigned to the genera Taia or Sinotaia . Species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. can be easily distinguished from species of Angulyagra based on their smaller, more solid and heavier shell with a crescent-shaped callus-like structure formed from the columellar lip covering the umbilicus; the characters of the operculum and the radula of Bakyietaia are obviously distinct from those of Angulyagra; the mantle margin of species of Bakyietaia is smooth and does not bear the ‘finger-shaped processes on the margin’ of the mantle as observed in Angulyagra . Taia, Sinotaia, Anulotaia and some species of Filopaludina have a similar medium-sized and solid conical shell (Fig. 5).</p><p>Bakyietaia gen. nov. can be distinguished from these genera based on the following combination of characters: teleoconch whorls with three smooth primary keels and one to two weaker secondary keels, mostly darker in colour than the other part of shell surface; recurved columellar lip from different growing periods usually completely covering umbilicus; inner marginal teeth narrow, outer marginal teeth wide and with 15 to 30 tiny cusps. The COI tree supports the notion that Bakyietaia is a lineage distinct from Taia, Sinotaia, Anulotaia, Filopaludina and Angulyagra costata .</p><p>We have checked the type specimens of Angulyagra thersites (Reeve, 1864) from Hongkong, China, and we are confident that it should be assigned to the genus Sinotaia . A future taxonomic revision of this species should be based on a systematic study of Sinotaia . In addition, Bakyietaia gen. nov. is usually dominant and the only viviparid group in its habitat. Species of Bakyietaia are found to co-occur with widely-distributed species of Sinotaia in some localities, but seldom found to co-occur with species of other genera of Viviparidae .</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Found in many kinds of lentic and lotic freshwater habitats (Fig. 6). Native to southern China, northern to central Vietnam and Laos.</p><p>Identification key to species of Bakyietaia gen. nov.</p><p>1. Shell rounded, primary keels weak, height and width isometric ...................................................... 2</p><p>– Shell conical, shell height obviously larger than width .................................................................... 3</p><p>2. 29–43 cusps in outer marginal teeth .......................... B. subcostata (Gray, 1833) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– 14–15 cusps in outer marginal teeth .... B. chenghuang Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>3. Three to five weak primary keels on body whorl, sometimes as smooth as spiral lines .................. 4</p><p>– Three to five strong primary keels on body whorl ............................................................................ 8</p><p>4. Shell height usually less than 20 mm, spiral whorls lower, shoulder angular ..................................... ..................................................................... B. luikongi Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Shell height greater than 20 mm, spiral whorls higher, shoulder rounded ....................................... 5</p><p>5. Whorls nearly cylindrical, weak keel above suture, outer lip not angular .......................................... ..................................................................... B. naiadica Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Whorls nearly trapezoidal, prominent keel above suture, outer lip angular ..................................... 6</p><p>6. Whorls not inflated, shoulder rounded, 26–29 cusps in outer marginal teeth ..................................... ................................................................... B. fontinalis Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Whorls inflated, shoulder angular, 19–24 cusps in outer marginal teeth .......................................... 7</p><p>7. Prominent keel above suture, distributed in northern Hainan Island, China ...................................... ....................................................................................... B. mutica (Kobelt, 1909) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– Moderate keel above suture, distributed in southern Hainan Island, China ....................................... ............................................................... B. luuemxlong Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>8. Shell height greater than 30 mm, solid and thick, whorls inflated, shoulder angular ......................... ................................................................................... B. duchieri (Fischer, 1898) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– Shell height usually smaller than 30 mm .......................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Shell height usually less than 20 mm, whorls inflated, prominent keel above suture, 28–30 cusps in outer marginal teeth ...................................... B. guangdungensis (Kobelt, 1906) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– Shell height between 20 and 30 mm ............................................................................................... 10</p><p>10. Shell thin, shoulder more angular, whorls inflated ..........................................................................11</p><p>– Shell thick, shoulder more rounded, whorls not inflated ................................................................ 13</p><p>11. Moderate keel above suture, outer lip more rounded, distributed in northern Vietnam and across the border in SW Guangxi, China .......................... B. polyzonata (Frauenfeld, 1862) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– Prominent keel above suture, outer lip more angular ..................................................................... 12</p><p>12. More inflated whorls and more prominent keel at suture, distributed in central Vietnam .................. .................................................................. B. indrapura Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Less inflated whorls and less prominent keel at suture, distributed in Guangdong and across the border in SE Guangxi, China .............. B. avisvenatoris Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>13. Spire low, W/H 0.72~0.74 .............................................................................................................. 14</p><p>– Spire high, W/H 0.68~0.70 ............................................................................................................. 15</p><p>14. Primary keels less prominent, outer lip thin, 26–27 cusps in outer marginal teeth, distributed in nothern Guangxi, China .......................... B. liusanjieae Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>– Primary keels more prominent, outer lip thick, 24–27 cusps in outer marginal teeth, distributed in eastern Guangxi and central Guangdong, China ................................................................................ ........................................................... B. liangzhuorum Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>15. Moderate keel above suture, 18–25 cusps in outer marginal teeth, mostly distributed in Guangdong, China ............................................................................ B. wilhelmi * (Yen, 1939) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– Prominent keel above suture, 23–28 cusps in outer marginal teeth, not occurring in Guangdong, China ............................................................................................................................................... 16</p><p>16. 23–24 cusps in outer marginal teeth, distributed in southern Guangxi and northern Hainan Island, China ................................................................. B. boettgeri (Möllendorff, 1890) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>– 26–28 cusps in outer marginal teeth, distributed in Vietnam, across the border in western Guangxi and western Hainan Island, China ............ B. jingweiae Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>* In light of the high phenotypic plasticity in B. wilhelmi, incorporates only the morphological traits of the holotype. DNA barcoding may be required to confirm the species identity of other morphological variations of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F3753A8464FE447E752A8EF939	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F3753E8479FE227D84289BFDC0.text	064787F3753E8479FE227D84289BFDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia polyzonata (Frauenfeld 1862) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia polyzonata (Frauenfeld, 1862) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 7–8</p><p>Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862: 1165–1166 (type locality not stated in the original description).</p><p>Paludina polyzonata – Fischer &amp; Dautzenberg 1904: 92. — Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer 1908: 199.</p><p>Angulyagra polyzonata – Thanh et al. 2004: 3–4, fig. 4. — Richter 2015: 127–128, fig. 3.5.</p><p>Angulyagra boettgeri – Madsen &amp; Hung 2014: 109, fig. 2 (10 right) [non Paludina boettgeri Möllendorff, 1890].</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium (26.60 ± 1.91 mm), thin and conical, whorls inflated, primary keels smooth, moderate keel above suture, outer lip rounded; columellar lip recurved, umbilicus completely or partly calloused; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype</p><p>CHINA? • dry preserved specimen; designated by Yen (1939); NHMW68037.</p><p>Paralectotype</p><p>CHINA? • 1 spec. (preserved dry); NHMW68038.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guangxi, Chongzuo City, Longzhou County, Shuikou Town, Poliu Village, outlet of an underground river in a cave; 4 Mar. 2023; KIZ.240051 to KIZ.240053.</p><p>VIETNAM • 11 specs (preserved in ethanol); Ninh Binh, Reservoir near Dang, Cuc Phuong N.P.; ZMB.114132 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Hoa Binh, Tan Lac district, Ngoc Ly; ZMB.114150 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Bac Kan, Phu Luong, Yen Ninh, Dong Dang; ZMB.114171.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 7A–J) medium in size (26.60 ± 1.91 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, olive to greenish brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls slightly inflated especially on body whorl. Shoulder angular, with three smooth primary keels and one to two weaker smooth secondary keels between suture and first keel. Sometimes, one additional weak keel located between first and second/ second and third keels. Shell base with three to five weak keels, and usually darker than other parts of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, smooth and rounded. Inner layers of adult columellar lip thickened, white or orange, recurved columellar lip partially or wholly covering umbilicus, sometimes forming a callus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 7J–K) corneous, ovate, thin, yellow to orange; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with smal nuclear region (around 1/4 of inner opercular region), with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 8) (n = 4) central tooth with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 21 to 26 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens from Longzhou, China have a shell that is very similar to that of the lectotype. The type locality of this species was not clear from the original description, and it was considered simply as China (Yen 1939). Bakyietaia polyzonata can be distinguished from most congeners, especially Bakyietaia indrapura gen. et sp. nov., by its medium-sized, thin conical shell with inflated whorls, more rounded outer lip and distribution. The recommended Chinese name is 多棱ṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Rivers and lakes of Western Guangxi of China and Northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F3753E8479FE227D84289BFDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37523847BFE4F79B32F2DF933.text	064787F37523847BFE4F79B32F2DF933.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia subcostata (Gray 1833) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia subcostata (Gray, 1833) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 7–8</p><p>Paludina subcostata Gray, 1833 in Griffith &amp; Pidgeon 1833 –1834: 599, pl. 36 fig. 3 (“ China ”).</p><p>Paludomus futaii Gredler, 1889: 159 (“Peho, Kuang-tung ”, refers to Bei River, Guangdong Province, China). Syn. nov.</p><p>Sinotaia? futaii – Zilch 1974: 64, pl. 7 fig. 9.</p><p>Angulyagra subcostata – Liu et al. 1995: 14.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Adult shell medium to large (27.17 ± 3.64 mm), rounded and thin, primary keels weak, teleoconch with weak primary keels; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 29 to 43 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of Paludina subcostata</p><p>CHINA • dry preserved specimen; NHMUK.2007.01.7.1.</p><p>Holotype of Paludomus futaii</p><p>CHINA • dry preserved specimen; Guangdong Province, Bei River; GFBI.22.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Guangdong Province • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guangzhou City, Zhengguo Town, Zeng River, 0.7 m deep under rock; 25 Sep. 2019; Da-Ming Shi leg.; ZMB.122694 • 3 specs (preserved dry); Guangzhou City, Zhengguo Town, Zeng River, 0.7 m deep under rock; 25 Sep. 2019; Da-Ming Shi leg.; YHY-BAKSUB-ZG-1, YHY-BAKSUB-ZG-18, YHY-BAKSUB-ZG-28 • 3 specs (preserved dry); Zhaoqing City, Xiaoxiang Town, Xi River, under rock; Aug. 2021; Ji-Lin Jiang leg.; KIZ.240084 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Shitan Town, Bin River, 0.6 m deep on rock; 24 Sep. 2022; Mr Chen leg.; ZMB.122767 • 2 specs (preserved dry); Qingyuan City, Shitan Town, Bin River, 0.6 m deep on rock; 24 Sep. 2022; Mr Chen leg.; YHY-BAKSUB-ST-1, YHY-BAKSUB-ST-4 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Zhaoqing City, Huaiji County, Sui River; 15 Sep. 2022; ZMB.122766 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Jintan Town, Bin River; 10 Oct. 2022; KIZ.240085 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Zhaoqing City, Fengkai County, Xi River; 19 Jan. 2024; Lejia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240086.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 9A–Q) medium to large (27.17 ± 3.64 mm), thin but sturdy, rounded, olive to dark brown; with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls inflated, sometimes forming shoulder, with three smooth weak primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with three to five weak keels; aperture ovate, large, around half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white to purple, outer lip thin, always with a relatively rounded periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, always whitish orange or pink, adult columellar lip recurved, forming a very narrow crescent-shaped callus or without this structure, columellar lip or this structure completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 9R–S) corneous, ovate, thin, yellow; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with nuclear region small, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 10) (n = 4) central tooth with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 29 to 43 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia subcostata can be easily distinguished from most congeners based on the rounded thin shell with weak primary keels. It can be differentiated from the morphologically similar species Bakyietaia chenghuang gen. et sp. nov. based on the larger number of small cusps on the outer marginal teeth of the radula (29–43 vs 15–16). Paludomus futaii was described based on a juvenile shell of this species, and it is here placed in synonymy of B. subcostata . The recommended Chinese name is 次Oiṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Rock substrate in the shallow water of rivers of Guangdong Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37523847BFE4F79B32F2DF933	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37521847CFE2E7D822A83FAE5.text	064787F37521847CFE2E7D822A83FAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia boettgeri (Mollendorff 1890) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia boettgeri (Möllendorff, 1890) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 11–12</p><p>Paludina boettgeri Möllendorff, 1890 in Heude 1882 –1890: 177, pl. 10 fig. 6 (“Hai-nan”, Hainan Province, China).</p><p>Viviparus (Taia) boettgeri – Zilch 1938: 131.</p><p>Angulyagra boettgeri – Yen 1939: 38, pl. 3 fig. 17. — Liu et al. 1995: 14.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Adult shell medium to large (26.76 ± 6.67 mm), sturdy, conical, whorls not inflated, prominent keel above suture; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 23 to 24 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 5 specs (preserved dry); Hainan Island; O. Böttger leg.; SMF.7651 • 2 specs (preserved dry); Hainan Island; O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.7653.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Guangxi • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Nanning City, Dawangtan Reservoir; Aug. 2019; KIZ.240087 • 5 specs (preserved in ethanol); Baise City, Youjiang District, Wula Village, Sanglu, 0.5 m deep on rocks of creeks; 17 Oct. 2019; Jian-Zhuo Li leg.; ZMB.122687 • 3 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKBOE-SL-1, YHY-BAKBOE-SL-2, YHY-BAKBOE-SL-18 • 5 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guigang City, Gangnan District, Batang Village, a pond near Yapengling, 0.7 m deep on rocks; 31 Oct. 2020; Xia-Ming Li leg., ZMB.122759 • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKBOE-BT-1 • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Chongzuo City, Daxin County, Leiping Town, Heishui River, 1 m deep on rocks; 27 Mar. 2021; Yi-Wen Liang leg.; ZMB.122690 • 4 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKBOE-HSH-21, YHY-BAKBOE-HSH-15, YHY-BAKBOE-HSH-9, YHY-BAKBOE-HSH- 3 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Chongzuo City, Jiangzhou District, Tuozao Village, Zuo River, 0.5 to 1.5 m deep on rocks; 27 Mar. 2021; Yi-Wen Liang leg.; ZMB.122758 • 3 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKBOE-JZ-15, YHY-BAKBOE-JZ-14, YHY-BAKBOE-JZ-1 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Nanning City, Mashan County, Shitang Village, 0.3 m deep on sand/mud substrate in the wetland; 19 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122734 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Pingguo City, Yihao Village, Bujian River, 0.5 to 1 m deep on mud substrate; 19 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122720 . – Hainan Province • 2 specs (preserved dry); Hainan Island, Jetschin leg.; SMF.88400 • 5 specs (preserved in ethanol); Haikou, wetlands near Yangshan Reservoir; 20 Oct. 2019; bought by Sheng-Zhuo Huang on local market; ZMB.122710.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 11A–R) medium to large (26.76 ± 6.67 mm), thin to thick, sturdy, conical, olive brown to dark brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls not inflated, with three smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with one to five weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface, prominent keel above suture; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, orange-red or dark purple, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange-red, adult columellar lip recurved, forming a relatively wide crescent-shaped callus, completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 11S–T) corneous, ovate, relatively thick, dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 12) (n = 3) central tooth with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 23 to 24 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens from Haikou City of Hainan have a shell that is very similar to that of the type specimens. Bakyietaia boettgeri can be distinguished from most congeners based on its medium-sized to large conical shell with non-inflated whorls, and strongly keeled suture. Some small individuals of this species may be confused with Bakyietaia jingweiae Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov. based on shell morphology, but differ by possessing fewer cusps on the outer marginal tooth (23–24 vs 26–28). The COI tree supports B. boettgeri and B. jingweiae as distinct species, and the two species are allopatric (Fig. 1). The recommended Chinese name is 伯氏ṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Mud, sand and rock substrate in the shallow water of rivers, lakes and wetlands of northern Hainan and southern Guangxi, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37521847CFE2E7D822A83FAE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37526847EFE417E502AF1FAFE.text	064787F37526847EFE417E502AF1FAFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia duchieri (Fischer 1898) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia duchieri (Fischer, 1898) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Paludina duchieri Fischer, 1898: 330–331, pl. 18 figs 48–49 (“Riv. Song-KI-Kong, à Déo-Cat”, Kỳ Cùng River, at Đèo Khách, Lạng SƠn, Vietnam).</p><p>Angulyagra duchieri – Starobogatov 1970: 202. — Thanh et al. 2004: 3–4, fig. 5.</p><p>Angulyagra boettgeri – Madsen &amp; Hung 2014: 109, figs 2 (10 left), (10 middle) [non Paludina duchieri Fischer, 1898].</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell large (32.88 ± 1.00 mm), thick and sturdy, whorls inflated, with narrow angular shoulder; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>VIETNAM • dry preserved spec.; Lạng SƠn, Đèo Khách, Kỳ Cùng River; Juillet Billet leg.; MNHN-IM-2000-4486.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guangxi, Chongzuo City, Longzhou County, Shuikou Town, Poliu Village, Shuikou River, 0.5 m deep on mud substrate; 4 Mar. 2023; KIZ.240049, KIZ.240050.</p><p>VIETNAM • 1 spec. (preserved dry); “Tonkin” (Hanoi); O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.48146</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 13A–K) large (32.88 ± 1.00 mm), thick, sturdy, conical, olive to olive brown, with six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls slightly inflated, with three smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with one to three weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange red, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a narrow to wide crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 13M–N) corneous, ovate, relatively thick, dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radula currently unknown.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens in Longzhou of China have a shell that is very similar to that of the holotype, and the collecting site is close to the type locality on the same river basin. Bakyietaia duchieri can be easily distinguished from the other species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. based on its large sturdy shell and inflated body whorl with shoulder. The recommended Chinese name is IJ氏ṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Sand substrate and rocks in the shallow water of rivers and lakes of Western Guangxi, China and Northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37526847EFE417E502AF1FAFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F375248473FE3F7E5E29F1FAA0.text	064787F375248473FE3F7E5E29F1FAA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia guangdungensis (Kobelt 1906) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia guangdungensis (Kobelt, 1906) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 14–15</p><p>Vivipara heudei var. guangdungensis Kobelt, 1906 in Kobelt 1906 –1909: 124–125, pl. 21 figs 12, 14 (“Provinz Guang-dung”, Guangdong Province, China).</p><p>Dactylochalamys guangdungensis – Prashad 1928: 169.</p><p>Vivipara polyzonata – Yen 1939: 37, pl. 3 figs 14–15 [non Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862].</p><p>Angulyagra guangdungensis – Yen 1943: 128.</p><p>Sinotaia polyzonata – Zilch 1955: 77, fig. 52. — Qian et al. 2014 [non Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862].</p><p>Taia polyzonata – Johnson 1973: 120, 122. — Palmieri et al. 1980: 40. — Ng 1992: 125. — Chan 1996: 184–185, fig. 2. — Maassen 2001: 44. — Clements et al. 2006: 144. — Tan &amp; Woo 2010: 26. — Yeo &amp; Chia 2010: 32. — Tan et al. 2012: 133 [non Frauenfeld 1862].</p><p>Viviparus polyzonata – Ng et al. 1993: 20 [non Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862].</p><p>Bellamya heudei guangdungensis – Shea 1994: 3–11.</p><p>Sinotaia guangdungensis – Ng et al. 2014: 401–408</p><p>Angulyagra polyzonata – Madsen &amp; Hung 2014: 110, fig. 2(11) [non Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862].</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell relatively small (20.87 ± 0.93 mm), whorls inflated; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 28 to 29 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype</p><p>CHINA • dry preserved spec.; Guangdong Province; O.v. Möllendorff leg.; designated by Yen (1939); SMF.38890.</p><p>Paralectotypes</p><p>CHINA • 4 specs (preserved dry); Guangdong Province; O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.38822.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Guangdong Province • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Guangzhou City, Baiyun Mountain, creeks in Taohuajian Valley, mud substrate, on bank; 25 Feb. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240054 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Lianzhou County, Xian Town; 18 Nov. 2019; bought by Hai-Ling Zhang on local market; ZMB.122693-1 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Zhaoqing City, Bohai Park, Qixing Lake, 0.1–0.2 m deep under rocks; 19 Jan. 2020; Ji-Lin Jiang leg.; ZMB.122760. – Guangxi • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guilin City, Yangshuo Town; 14 Mar. 2022; bought on local market by Le-Jia Zhang; ZMB.122727 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Laibin City, Heshan County, Renyi Village, Huaiji Reservoir, 0.5 m deep mud substrate; 7 Jan. 2020; Ri-Bao Huang leg.; KIZ.240088 .</p><p>SINGAPORE • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Canal at Springleaf Rd; ZMB.192077.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 14A–H, K–R) relatively small for the genus (20.87 ± 0.93 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, olive to olive brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls inflated, sometimes with shoulder, with three smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/ second and third keels, base of shell with three to five weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a relatively narrow crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 14I–J) corneous, ovate, relatively thin, yellow to orange; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 15) (n = 3) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 28 to 30 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens from Guangzhou City of Guangdong have a shell that is very similar to that of the lectotype. Bakyietaia guangdungensis can be distinguished from most congeners based on its relatively small conical shell with inflated whorls, but largely falls within the range of variation of Bakyietaia wilhelmi . However, B. guangdungensis has a greater number of small cusps on the outer marginal teeth than B. wilhelmi (28–29 vs 18–25). Both of these species also overlap in geographic range, and, therefore, DNA barcoding is recommended for the unambiguous identification of these two species. The recommended Chinese name is 广东ṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Mud and rock substrate in the shallow water of rivers and lakes in Western Guangdong and Eastern Guangxi, China. Introduced into Singapore and Sydney, Australia, possibly also in Malaysia (pending confirmation using molecular evidence).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F375248473FE3F7E5E29F1FAA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F375298474FE757E132F87FC38.text	064787F375298474FE757E132F87FC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia mutica (Kobelt 1909) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia mutica (Kobelt, 1909) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 16–17</p><p>Vivipara boettgeri mutica Kobelt, 1909 in Kobelt 1906 –1909: 194, pl. 39 figs 3–4 (“ Hainan ”, Hainan Province, China).</p><p>Vivipara boettgeri Kobelt, 1909 in Kobelt 1906 –1909: 137–138, pl. 26 figs 1–7. [non Paludina boettgeri Möllendorff, 1890, junior homonym].</p><p>Viviparus muticus – Yen 1939: 38, pl. 3 figs 18–19.</p><p>Sinotaia mutica – Zilch 1955: 77, figs 50–51.</p><p>Angulyagra mutica – Liu et al. 1995: 14.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (22.14 ± 1.74 mm), conical, whorls inflated, with weak primary keels, prominent keel above suture; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 19 to 24 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of Vivipara boettgeri mutica</p><p>CHINA • dry preserved spec.; Hainan Province, O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.38817.</p><p>Holotype of Vivipara boettgeri</p><p>CHINA • dry preserved spec.; O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.7652.</p><p>Paratypes of Vivipara boettgeri mutica</p><p>CHINA • 2 specs (preserved dry); Hainan Island; SMF.38815 • 3 specs (preserved dry); Hainan Island; SMF.38816 .</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Hainan Province • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Haikou, wetlands near Yangshan Reservoir; 20 Oct. 2019; bought by Sheng-Zhuo Huang on local market; ZMB.122711 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Dingan County, Shuikou Village, 0.5 m deep on wall of cement canal; 6 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122724 • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKMUT-XC-1 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Haikou City, wetland in Xue Village, 0.1 m deep on rock substrate; 5 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122746 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Haikou City, a canal in a farming field near Yangshan Reservoir, 0.1 m deep on rock; 5 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122752 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Wenchang City, a pond in Jinjiahu Village, 0.5 m deep on rock; 9 Nov. 2020; Ji-Ze Ruan leg.; ZMB.122772 • 6 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKMUT-WC-19, YHY-BAKMUT-WC-36, YHY-BAKMUT-WC-1, YHY-BAKMUT-WC-22, YHY-BAKMUT-WC-37, YHY-BAKMUT-WC-39.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 16A–K) medium in size (22.14 ± 1.74 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, olive to dark olive brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls inflated, sometimes with shoulder, with three weak, smooth primary keels, with one to two even weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with two to four weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, always white, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a relatively wide crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 16L–M) corneous, ovate, relatively thin, dark orange to red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/4 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 17) (n = 3) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 19 to 24 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens from Haikou City of Hainan have a shell that is very similar to that of the holotype. Bakyietaia mutica is one of the species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. with weak primary keels. It can be easily distinguished from most congeners based on its medium-sized thin conical shell with three very weak primary keels. It is morphologically similar to Bakyietaia fontinalis gen. et sp. nov. and Bakyietaia naiadica gen. et sp. nov. However, it can be distinguished from B. fontinalis based on the inflated whorls (vs non-inflated whorls in B. fontinalis) and fewer cusps on the outer marginal teeth (19–24 vs 26–29); it can be distinguished from B. naiadica based on its more conical shell with prominent keel above suture. The distribution of Bakyietaia mutica does not overlap with those of B. fontinalis and B. naiadica . The recommended Chinese name is 钝Ḇṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Rock substrate in the shallow water of rivers and lakes in northern Hainan Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F375298474FE757E132F87FC38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F3752E8448FE7F789B2835FC14.text	064787F3752E8448FE7F789B2835FC14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia wilhelmi (Yen 1939) Zhang & Yen & Chen & Du & Ng & Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia wilhelmi (Yen, 1939) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 18–19</p><p>Viviparus wilhelmi Yen, 1939: 37, pl. 3 fig. 16 (“Kanton”, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China).</p><p>Viviparus polyzonatus – Yen 1938: 448, fig. 1 [non Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, 1862].</p><p>Sinotaia wilhelmi – Zilch 1955: 77, fig. 56.</p><p>Angulyagra wilhelmi – Starobogatov 1970: 202. — Liu et al. 1995: 14.</p><p>Angulyagra boettgeri – Do et al. 2014: 3–4, fig. 5 [non Paludina boettgeri Möllendorff, 1890 in Heude 1882 –1890].</p><p>Sinotaia guangdungensis – Ng et al. 2017 [non Vivipara heudei var. guangdungensis Kobelt, 1906 in Kobelt 1906 –1909].</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium in size (25.53 ± 3.72 mm), whorls usually not inflated, moderate keel above suture; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 to 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 18 to 25 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • dry preserved spec.; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City; O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.40812.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 18 specs (preserved dry); Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City; O.v. Möllendorff leg.; SMF.40243.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Guangdong Province • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Yunfu City, Xinxing County, Liuzu Town, 0.14 m deep on mud or rock substrate in creeks; 4 Jan. 2020; Fu-Ying Liang leg.; ZMB.122771 • 4 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKWIL-YF-1, YHY-BAKWIL-YF-13 to YHY-BAKWIL-YF-15 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Zhaoqing City, Bohai Park, Qixing Lake, 0.1–0.2 m deep under rocks; 10 Jan. 2020; Ji-Lin Jiang leg.; ZMB.122760-1 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Zhuhai City, Pingsha Town, a canal in Nanxin, 0.1–0.2 m deep on mud substrate; 12 Oct. 2022; ZMB.122688 • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKWIL-ZH-1 • 4 specs (preserved dry); Meizhou City, Dapu County, Sanhe Town, in a canal; 2 Apr. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240088 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Zhanjiang City, a pond in Zhiliao Village, 2 m deep on mud substrate; 3 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122751 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Fogang County, Shijiao Town, Lianxi Village, under Longxi Bridge, Longxi River, 0.5 m deep on mud or rock substrate; 6 Dec. 2019; Chang-Le Huang leg.; ZMB.122689 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Meizhou City, Wuhua County, Changxing Village, Xiaodu River, 0.1–0.25 m deep on rock; 28 Nov. 2019; Yu-Hui Cai leg.; ZMB.122700 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Lianzhou County, Xian Town; 18 Nov. 2019; bought by Hai-Ling Zhang on local market; ZMB.122693B • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Heyuan City, Dongyuan County, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, 0.4 m deep in pond; 18 Nov. 2019; Chun-Di Chen leg.; ZMB.122696 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Shanwei City, Luhe County, Xintian Town, Tianxin Village, Laozhutang, 1–2 m deep on mud substrate in fish pond; 15 Dec. 2019; Yuan-Shan Qiu leg.; ZMB.122702 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Shaoguan City, Shixing County, Taiping Town, Diba, Mojiangping Lake, 0.2 m deep on mud or rock substrate; 5 Dec. 2019; Yong-Ming Nie leg.; ZMB.122699 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Jieyang City, Puning County, Nanxi Town, Xiashanweijiao, 4–5 m deep in creek; 4 Dec. 2019; Mei Yang leg.; ZMB.122704 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Yangshan County, Jiangxikong, 0.4 m deep on sand and rock substrate; 4 Dec. 2019; Jian-Guo Chen leg.; ZMB.122686 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, Lingshan, Yakoukan Village, 0.5 m deep on mud substrate in creek; 4 Dec. 2019; Da-Ming Shi leg.; ZMB.122695 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Shenzhen City, Baoan District, outlet of a reservoir near Dawang Cemetery, 0.5 m deep on mud substrate; 18 Dec. 2019; Fan Qiu leg.; ZMB.122692. – Guangxi • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Laibin City, Heshan County, Renyi Village, Huaiji Reservoir, 0.5 m deep mud substrate; 7 Jan. 2020; Ri-Bao Huang leg.; ZMB.122768A • 3 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKWIL-HS-2, YHY-BAKWIL-HS-18, YHY-BAKWIL-HS-3 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guigang City, Gangbei District, Niuyun Reservoir, 0.5 m deep on mud substrate; 7 Jan. 2020; Ri-Bao Huang leg.; ZMB.122770 • 2 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; YHY-BAKWIL-NY-1, YHY-BAKWIL-NY-4 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Liuzhou City, Liujiang District, Baipeng Village, Hepingtun, canal near lotus fields, 0.5 m deep on mud substrate; 19 Oct. 2019; Ping Zeng leg.; ZMB.122685 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Guangxi, Baise City, creek near Nawang Village, 0.1 m deep on sand or rock substrate; 20 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122723-2. – Hainan Province • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Haikou, wetlands near Yangshan Reservoir; bought by Sheng-Zhuo Huang on local market; 20 Oct. 2019; ZMB.122709 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Ledong Li Autonomous County, Honghu Village, in Honghu Lake, 0.1 m deep on sand substrate; 9 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122737-3. – Sichuan Province – 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Chengdu City, Donghu Park, East Lake; 12 Oct. 2022; ZMB.122769. – Yunnan Province • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Gejiu City, Zhadian Village, 0.1 m deep canal; 21 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122729 • 5 specs (preserved dry); Gejiu City, Zhadian Village, 0.3 m deep canal; 20 Apr. 2020; Yan Tan leg.; YHY-BAKWIL-ZD-1, YHY-BAKWIL-ZD-2, YHY-BAKWIL-NY-1, YHY-BAKWIL-NY-4, YHY-BAKWIL-ZD-18.</p><p>MALAYSIA • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Sabah, Kota Marudu, stream in paddy field; 4 Apr. 2016; A. Zieritz leg.; BORMOL8674 (MZ596234.1).</p><p>VIETNAM • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Cao Bang, Pac Bo at Chinese border, Ha Quang River; 21 Mar. 2006; bought by Frank Köhler on local market; ZMB.114206 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Cao Bang, Bang River; 21 Mar. 2006; Frank Köhler leg.; ZMB.114202.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 18A –AA) small to medium (25.53 ± 3.72 mm), thin to thick, sturdy, conical, olive to dark olive brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls sometimes without shoulder, sometimes inflated and with shoulder, with three smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with two to five weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a rather wide crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 18 AB–AG) corneous, ovate, relatively thin, yellow to orange; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/4 to 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 19) (n = 6) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and three to five small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 18 to 25 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The newly collected specimens from Qingyuan City in Guangdong have a shell that is very similar to that of the holotype. Bakyietaia wilhelmi is the most common species of this genus. It has the widest distribution range, and displays extremely high polymorphism of shell characters. This species was also found sympatrically with other species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. ( B. boettgeri, B. duchieri and B. guangdungensis) in some localities (such as Qixing Lake in Zhaoqing City in Guangdong and Honghu Lake in Ledong County of Hainan). The morphotype that is similar to the holotype can be distinguished from most congeners based on its comparatively small conical shell with non-inflated whorls and moderately keeled suture. However, some morphotypes cannot be distinguished from Bakyietaia guangdungensis based on their shell morphology. The COI tree supports the status of B. wilhelmi and B. guangdungensis as distinct species that are quite distantly related. In addition, B. wilhelmi always has fewer small cusps on the outer marginal teeth than B. guangdungensis (18–25 vs 28–30). DNA barcoding is considered necessary to unambiguously differentiate B. wilhelmi and B. guangdungensis . The recommended Chinese name is 威廉ṉ田ª.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Mud, sand and rock substrate in the shallow water of rivers, wetlands and lakes in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and southern Yunnan Province, China and northern Vietnam. Introduced into Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China and northern Borneo, Malaysia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F3752E8448FE7F789B2835FC14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37512844AFE1F78E02A6CF9D3.text	064787F37512844AFE1F78E02A6CF9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia chenghuang Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia chenghuang Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 24C0929E-836B-4AC5-9829-294C4C6345B4</p><p>Figs 20–21</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (23.70 ± 5.37 mm), rounded and thin, teleoconch with weak primary keels; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 15 to 16 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>‘Cheng Huang’ means ‘city god’ in Chinese, referring to the type locality in Chenghuang Town. Formed as a noun in apposition. The recommended Chinese name is 城隍ṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Guangxi, Yulin City, Chenghuang Town, a river near Shirentou Mountain, 0.5 m deep on rock; 13 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240001.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240002 to KIZ.240005 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122722-1 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240089 .</p><p>Other material</p><p>1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; YHY-BAKCHE-CH-1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 20A–E, H–J) medium in size (23.70 ± 5.37 mm), thin but sturdy, broadly conical or rounded, olive to olive brown, with five whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls inflated, with three weak, smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keel located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with three to five weak keels; aperture ovate, large, around half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white to purple white, outer lip thin, always with a relatively rounded periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, always white, adult columellar lip recurved, forming a very narrow crescent-shaped callus or without this structure, columellar lip or this structure completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 20F–G) corneous, ovate, thin, yellow; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 21) (n = 2) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half width of lateral tooth, with one broad central denticle and three small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 15 to 16 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia chenghuang gen. et sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from most congeners based on its thin, rounded shell with a wide aperture and a very small operculum. It can be differentiated from the morphologically similar species Bakyietaia subcostata based on the smaller number of small cusps on outer marginal teeth of the radula (15–16 vs 29–43).</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Guangxi, China, where it occurs on rocky substrates in the shallow water.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37512844AFE1F78E02A6CF9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37510844FFE0D7DA229E0FB34.text	064787F37510844FFE0D7DA229E0FB34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia jingweiae Yen, Zhang & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia jingweiae Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7D19E72D-8C68-4AB8-A41B-70CA77A28C0C</p><p>Figs 22–23</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium in size (26.79 ± 5.37 mm), sturdy, conical, whorls not inflated, prominent keel above suture; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 26–28 small sharp cusps; distributed in northernVietnam, across the border in western Guangxi and in western Hainan Island, China.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after ‘Jingwei’, a Chinese mythical bird into which the Flame Emperor Yandi’s daughter Nüwa, who drowned in the sea, was transformed, and which tried to fill up the sea. The recommended Chinese name is DZIṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Guangxi, Baise City, Jingxi County, Xinjing Town, Longtan Wetland, 0.1 m on rock; 30 Dec. 2019; Hua-Pu Huang leg.; KIZ.240006.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA – Guangxi • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240056 to KIZ.240059 • 5 specs.(preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122701 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Guangxi, Baise City, creek near Nawang Village, 0.1 m deep on sand or rock substrate; 20 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240007. – Hainan Province • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Ledong Li Autonomous County, Honghu Village, Honghu Lake, 0.1 m deep sand substrate; 9 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122737-1, ZMB.122737-2, ZMB.122737-4 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Changhua Town, Sanjia Village, Changhua River, 0.5 m deep on rock; 9 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240008.</p><p>VIETNAM • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Cao Bang, river Sông Bằng; 2000; IEBR leg.; MZMB.114431 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); Ca River drainage, Ho-Chi-Minh-Highway between Yen Cat and Thái Hòa, Nghê An; 21–31 Oct. 2006; Frank Köhler leg.; ZMB.114407 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Ba Be Lakes, Bac Kan; 2001; IEBR leg.; ZMB.114430 • 10 specs (preserved in ethanol); Ba Be Lakes, Bac Kan, ferry port; 21 Mar. 2006; Frank Köhler leg.; ZMB.114189.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 3 specs (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; YHY-BAKDUC-JX-1, YHY-BAKDUC-JX-10, YHY-BAKDUC-JX-15 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 22A–N) small to medium (26.79 ± 5.37 mm), thin to thick, sturdy, conical, olive to olive brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls slightly inflated, with three smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with one to three weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with a strong angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange-red, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a narrow to wide crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 22O–P) corneous, ovate, relatively thick, dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/4 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 23) (n = 4) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to six small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 26 to 28 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia jingweiae gen. et sp. nov. is most similar to Bakyietaia boettgeri based on shell morphology, but differs in possessing a smaller shell and greater number of small cusps on outer marginal teeth (26–28 vs 23–24). The distribution areas of these two species are close to each other but not overlapping near the border between Guangxi, China and Vietnam.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Sand substrate and rocks in the shallow water of rivers and lakes of western Guangxi and western Hainan Province, China and northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37510844FFE0D7DA229E0FB34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F375158440FE057F872F74FDFF.text	064787F375158440FE057F872F74FDFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia liusanjieae Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia liusanjieae Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 16B296D0-9634-4460-B0EB-770DB94244DD</p><p>Figs 24–25</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (25.69 ± 3.35 mm), sturdy, conical shell with lower spire, whorls not inflated; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 26–27 small sharp cusps; distributed in northern Guangxi, China.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after ‘Liu Sanjie’ (刘īÜ, Liu family’s third daughter), a legendary folk singer of the Zhuang people in Guangxi. The type locality of this species is close to her hometown. The recommended Chinese name is 歌üṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Guangxi, Hechi City, Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County, near Hemu Town, river in Xinhui Village, 0.5 m deep on dam; 16 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240009.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA – Guangxi • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240010, KIZ.240011 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122722-2 • 2 specs (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240090 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Guilin City, Baishou Town, Baishou River, 0.5 m deep on mud and sand substrate; 15 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240012, KIZ.240013 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; ZMB.122738 • 1 spec.; same data as for preceding; KIZ.240091 • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Hechi City, Yizhou District, Liusanjie Town, on bank of Xiajian River; 16 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240092 • 2 specs (preserved dry); same data as for preceding; 17 Mar. 2022; KIZ.240093 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Hezhou City, Zhongshan County, Tonggu Town, Fengzhen Village, Shangpu, 0.5 m deep on mud substrate in a pond; 9 Mar. 2020; Shui-Yang Huang leg.; KIZ.240014, KIZ.240015 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; ZMB.122763.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; YHY-BAKLIU-XH-1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 24A–K) medium in size (25.69 ± 3.35 mm), thin but sturdy, conical shell with low spire, olive to olive brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls not inflated, with three smooth relatively weak primary keels, with one to two even weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/ second and third keels, base of shell with one to five weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, orange-red or dark purple, outer lip thin, always with a strong basal angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange red, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a relatively wide crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 24L–O) corneous, ovate, relatively thick, dark orange to dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/4 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 25) (n = 3) central tooth with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and two to three small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 26 to 27 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia liusanjieae gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners based on its medium-sized conical shell with whorls not inflated and lower spire. It differs from Bakyietaia liangzhuorum gen. et sp. nov. by having less prominent primary keels, thin outer lip and greater number of small cusps on outer marginal teeth (26–27 vs 20–25). The distributions of B. liusanjieae and B. liangzhuorum are allopatric (Northern Guangxi vs Southern Guangxi &amp; West Guangdong).</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Rock substrate in the shallow water of rivers of northern Guangxi, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F375158440FE057F872F74FDFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F3751A8442FE10795E297AF93D.text	064787F3751A8442FE10795E297AF93D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia avisvenatoris Yen, Zhang & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia avisvenatoris Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DE6AD35F-6629-4C6B-A180-F4C1298C0DDB</p><p>Figs 26–27</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to large (19.78–27.84 mm) thin, sturdy, conical, shoulder angular, whorls inflated, prominent keel above suture, outer lip angular; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/4 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 24–27 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>In memory of one of the ancestors of the collector of the type material, who was a bird hunter and moved to the type locality due to the abundance of birds there. The recommended Chinese name is 猎^ṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, Paitan Town, a pond in Shi Village; 18 Jun. 2020; Da-Ming Shi leg.; KIZ.240020.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA – Guangdong Province • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240021, KIZ.240022 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122757 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240095. – Guangxi • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Yulin City, Luchuan County, Wangsha Village, Shuikou, 0.4 m deep on mud substrate or rock; 15 Nov. 2019; Bei-Hua Liang leg.; KIZ.240023, KIZ. 240055 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; ZMB.122698 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; KIZ.240096 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Yulin City, Luchuan County, Wangsha Village, Baishiling, 0.4 m deep on mud substrate or rock; 15 Nov. 2019; Bei-Hua Liang leg.; KIZ.240052, KIZ.240053.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Guangxi • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Yulin City, Luchuan County, Wangsha Village, Shuikou, 0.4 m deep on mud substrate or rock; 15 Nov. 2019; Bei-Hua Liang leg.; YHY-BAKAVI-SK-4 • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Yulin City, Luchuan County, Wangsha Village, Baishiling, 0.4 m deep on mud substrate or rock; 15 Nov. 2019; Bei-Hua Liang leg.; YHY-BAKAVI-BSL-15.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 26A–E, J–Q) small to large (19.78–27.84 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, olive to olive brown, with five whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls sometimes with shoulder, with three relatively weak and smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with one to three weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface, prominent keel above suture; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with a strong angular periphery,, columellar lip covered with thin inner shell layers, white, columellar lip outward folding, completely or partly covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 26F–I) corneous, ovate, relatively thin, yellow to red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/4 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 27) (n = 2) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 24 to 27 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia avisvenatoris gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from most of its congeners based on its thin conical shell with inflated whorls, angular shoulder and strongly keeled suture. This species can be differentiated from Bakyietaia indrapura gen. et sp. nov. from Central Vietnam based on its less inflated whorls and less prominent keel at suture. The distributions of these two species are far apart.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Mud substrate or rock in the shallow water of ponds and creeks in eastern Guangxi and central Guangdong Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F3751A8442FE10795E297AF93D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F375188447FEE97D9929F3F9C6.text	064787F375188447FEE97D9929F3F9C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia liangzhuorum Yen, Zhang & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia liangzhuorum Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AB0084ED-D1BE-4F3C-A448-B06D8386E028</p><p>Figs 28–29</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (25.25 ± 3.07 mm), conical, spire low, teleoconch with prominent primary keels, columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely, outer lip thick; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 20–25 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>‘Liang Zhu’ is the abbreviated title of one of China’s four great folktales, ‘Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai’. They loved each other, but Zhu was forcibly betrothed to someone else. Liang, grief-stricken, became ill and died. When Zhu’s wedding procession passed Liang’s tomb, a strong wind suddenly blew up, forcing them to stop. In front of the tomb, Zhu told Liang how much she loved him. The tomb burst open and Zhu immediately jumped into it. Afterwards a pair of colourful butterflies appeared from the tomb: their spirits emerged in the form of butterflies and flew away together, never to be separated again.</p><p>Inspiration for the name liangzhuorum for this species is drawn from seven Han Dynasty (202 BC–220 AD) tombs in Basi, which are near the type locality. The recommended Chinese name is 彩蝶ṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Guangxi, Laibin City, Wuxian County, Tongwan Town, a river in Jin Village, 0.5 m deep in crack of rocks; 20 Dec. 2019; Han-Zhi Tan leg.; KIZ.240024.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA – Guangdong Province • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Qingxin District, Bin River near Shitan Town, 0.6 m deep on rock with sand and mud substrate; 24 Sep. 2022; Mr Chen leg.; KIZ.240031, KIZ.240032 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Qingyuan City, Qingxin District, Bin River near Shitan Town, 0.6 m deep on rock with sand and mud substrate; 24 Sep. 2022; Mr Chen leg.; ZMB.122762 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; KIZ.240099. – Guangxi • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240025 to KIZ.240028 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122691 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240097 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Yulin City, Chenghuang Town, a river near Shirentou Mountain, 0.1 m deep on mud and sand substrate; 13 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240029, KIZ.240030 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Yulin City, Chenghuang Town, a river near Shirentou Mountain, 0.1 m deep on mud and sand substrate; 13 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; ZMB.122719 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Yulin City, Chenghuang Town, a river near Shirentou Mountain, 0.1 m deep on mud and sand substrate; 13 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240098 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); Qinzhou City, Pubei County, Liuken Town, Hengtong, 0.2 m deep on mud substrate; 25 Sep. 2020; Mr Huang leg.; KIZ.240033 to KIZ.240036 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; ZMB.122761 • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; KIZ.240100.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA – Guangdong Province • 3 specs (preserved dry); Qingyuan City, Qingxin District, Bin River near Shitan Town, 0.6 m deep on rock with sand and mud substrate; 24 Sep. 2022; Mr Chen leg.; YHY-BAKLIA-ST-18, YHY-BAKLIA-ST-17, YHY-BAKLIA-ST-2. – Guangxi • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Yulin City, Chenghuang Town, a river near Shirentou Mountain, 0.1 m deep on mud and sand substrate; 13 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; YHY-BAKLIA-CH-1 • 3 specs (preserved dry); Qinzhou City, Pubei County, Liuken Town, Hengtong, 0.2 m deep on mud substrate; 25 Sep. 2020; Mr Huang leg.; YHY-BAKLIA-QZ-1, YHY-BAKLIA-QZ-18, YHY-BAKLIA-QZ-2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 28A–I, H–L) medium in size (25.25 ± 3.07 mm), thin to thick, sturdy, conical, olive to greenish brown, with six whorls, teleoconch whorls not inflated, with three smooth strong primary keels, with one to two weak smooth keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with one to four weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of the shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white to pale purple, margin of outer and columellar lip stained black or white, outer lip slightly thickened, always with a strong angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or pale orange, adult columellar lip recurved, forming a relatively narrow crescent-shaped callus, this structure completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 28F–G) corneous, ovate, relatively thick, yellow to orange, sometimes with red nuclear region; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 29) (n = 5) central tooth with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 20 to 25 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia liangzhuorum gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners based on its medium-sized conical shell with low spire, prominent primary keels and thick outer lip. This species occurs sympatrically with B. chenghuang gen. et sp. nov. in Chenghuang Town. However, B. liangzhuorum prefers a sandy/muddy substrate, while B. chenghuang lives on large rocks.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Mostly sand or mud substrate (occasionally on rocks) in the shallow water of rivers in eastern Guangxi and central Guangdong Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F375188447FEE97D9929F3F9C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F3751D8459FE357DB6297AFA9C.text	064787F3751D8459FE357DB6297AFA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia luikongi Yen, Zhang & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia luikongi Yen, Zhang &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4A1410D8-7530-4344-8041-08948593A02E</p><p>Figs 30–31</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell relatively small (20.66 ± 0.70), thin, spiral whorls low, shoulder angular, teleoconch with very weak primary keels. Outer marginal tooth of radula with 19–20 small sharp cusps; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after ‘Lui Kong’, the god of thunder in the local Min Nan Chinese dialect, popular in the folklore of Leizhou County which includes the type locality of this species. The recommended Chinese name is 雷神ṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang City, Leizhou County, Liren Village, near Nanguang Farm Second Team, 0.1–0.5 m deep on mud and rock substrate in ponds; 6 Apr. 2020; Yu-Xuan Zhou leg.; KIZ.240037.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240038 to KIZ.240041 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122764 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240101.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; YHY-BAKLK-LR-1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 30A–G) relatively small for the genus (20.66 ± 0.70 mm), thin but sturdy, broad conical to conical, dark olive brown, with five whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls sometimes with shoulder, with three weak but obvious smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, always with one weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with three to four weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, lnearly half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thin inner shell layers, white to orange, columellar lip folded outwards, completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 30H–I) corneous, ovate, thin, dark orange to dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 31) (n = 2) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and three to four small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 19 to 20 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia luikongi gen. et sp. nov. is the only species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. with a conical shell and weak primary keels distributed outside Hainan Island and is the sister species of the clade including all species with weak primary keels from Hainan. It can be easily distinguished from all congeners based on the small thin conical shell with three very weak primary keels and lower spire. It is the smallest species among those with weak primary keels.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Only known from mud and rock substrate in the shallow water of ponds in Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F3751D8459FE357DB6297AFA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37502845AFE0D7A232A64FE68.text	064787F37502845AFE0D7A232A64FE68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia fontinalis Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia fontinalis Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8DFECB0B-656C-42B6-B3FE-51C2BC907619</p><p>Figs 32–33</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (24.25 ± 2.59 mm), sturdy, conical, whorls not inflated, with weak primary keels, shoulder rounded; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 26–29 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Refers to the cold spring habitat of the type locality. The recommended Chinese name is ṅẹṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Hainan Province, Dingan County, Jiuwentang Town, Jiuwentang Cold Spring, 0.5 m deep on mud and sand substrate; 6 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240042. Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240043 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122733 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240102 • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); Hainan Province, Dingan County, river near Leiming Town; 2018; KIZ.240103 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Hainan Province, Qionghai City, Shibi Town, Wanquan River, 0.1 m deep on rock; 7 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg., KIZ.240104.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; YHY-BAKFON-LQ-1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 32A–G) medium in size (24.25 ± 2.59 mm), thin to thick, sturdy, conical, olive to dark olive brown, with five whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls not inflated, with three weak but obvious smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keel located between suture and first keel, always with one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with two to four weak keels, all keels usually darker than the other part of shell surface in colour; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with a strong angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a crescent-shaped callus, this structure or columellar lip completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 32H–I) corneous, ovate, thin, orange to dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 33) (n = 2) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half width of lateral tooth, with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 26 to 29 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia fontinalis gen. et sp. nov. is one of the species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. with weak primary keels. This species can be easily distinguished from all congeners, especially the morphologically similar species B. mutica, based on its medium-sized conical shell with whorls not inflated, rounded shoulder and more cusps on the outer marginal teeth (26–29 vs 19–24).</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Mud and rock substrate in the shallow water of springs and rivers of central-eastern Hainan Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37502845AFE0D7A232A64FE68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37500845CFE37792B2E47FDB2.text	064787F37500845CFE37792B2E47FDB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia naiadica Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia naiadica Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1E34D07F-05C1-4819-ADC6-D02399C18B8B</p><p>Figs 34–35</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (25.73 ± 0.62 mm), sturdy, cylindrical outline, with very weak primary keels, weak keel above suture, outer lip angular; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 19–22 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Naiads, the nymphs of freshwater bodies such as springs in Greek mythology. The recommended Chinese name is żēṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Hainan Province, Haikou City, spring near Longpo Temple, 0.1 m deep on rock; 5 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240044.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122743 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Hainan Province, wetland in Xue Village, Haikou City, 0.1 m deep on rock substrate; 3 May 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240045.</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved dry); Hainan Province, wetland in Xue Village, Haikou City, 0.1 m deep on rock substrate; 3 May 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; YHY-BAKNAI-XC-1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 34A–G) medium (25.73 ± 0.62 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, olive to dark olive brown, with five whorls; teleoconch whorls inflated, with shoulder, with three very weak smooth primary keels, with one to two even weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes with one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with two to four weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or pale orange, adult columellar lip recurved, sometimes forming a crescent-shaped callus, this structure completely covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 34H–I) corneous, ovate, thin, dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 35) (n = 1) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and four to five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half width of lateral tooth, with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with 19 to 22 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia naiadica gen. et sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from all congeners, especially the morphologically similar B. mutica, based on its more cylindrical shell with weaker primary keels and less prominent keel at suture.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Rock substrate in the shallow water of springs and wetlands of northern Hainan Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37500845CFE37792B2E47FDB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F37506845EFE1B79022AEAFA81.text	064787F37506845EFE1B79022AEAFA81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia luuemxlong Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia luuemxlong Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3C33CDFF-1DD8-4AC2-A4D6-A28D0535B1A4</p><p>Figs 36–37</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium in size (23.56 ± 2.58 mm), sturdy, whorls inflated, with weak primary keels, moderate keel above suture; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 20 small sharp cusps; distributed in southern Hainan Island.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>According to the mythology of the Hlai people of Hainan Island, ‘luuemx long’, which means ‘forget to grow up’ in the Hlai language, is a race of dwarves living in the forest. Formed as a noun in apposition. The recommended Chinese name is 阑Dzṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • spec. preserved in ethanol; Hainan Province, Qionghai City, Huishan Town, creeks near farmland of Mutang Village, 0.1 m deep on mud substrate; 7 Mar. 2022; Le-Jia Zhang leg.; KIZ.240046.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; KIZ.240047 – 240048 • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.122739 .</p><p>Other material</p><p>CHINA • 1 spec. (preserved dry); same data as for holotype; YHY-BAKLUU-MT-1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 36A–E, H–J) small to medium (23.56 ± 2.58 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, dark olive brown, with five whorls; teleoconch whorls inflated, with three weak but obvious primary keels, with one to two even weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, always with one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with two to four weak keels, all keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with an obvious angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white, columellar lip folded outwards, covering umbilicus.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 36F–G) corneous, ovate, thin, dark red; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins or smooth glossy surface.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 37) (n = 1) central tooth with one broad central denticle and four small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and three small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half of lateral tooth in width, with one broad central denticle and unknown number of small sharp cusps on either side (all heavily worn); outer marginal tooth wide, almost same as lateral tooth in width, with around 20 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia luuemxlong gen. et sp. nov. is one of the species of Bakyietaia gen. nov. with weak primary keels. This species can be easily distinguished from all congeners based on the small- to medium-sized conical shell with inflated whorls and moderate keel above suture.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality on mud substrate in the shallow water of creeks in southern Hainan Province, China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F37506845EFE1B79022AEAFA81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
064787F375048450FE0E7E7E299BFA80.text	064787F375048450FE0E7E7E299BFA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bakyietaia indrapura Zhang, Yen & von Rintelen 2025	<div><p>Bakyietaia indrapura Zhang, Yen &amp; von Rintelen gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D7B758FD-46BD-4DED-8C15-AD9BED3528AA</p><p>Figs 38–39</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium in size (26.92 ± 2.45 mm), thin, sturdy, whorls inflated, with prominent primary keels at suture; columellar lip recurved, forming callus covering umbilicus completely; operculum with small nuclear region (around 1/5 of inner opercular region) with shiny grains or veins; outer marginal tooth of radula with 21–26 small sharp cusps; distributed in central Vietnam.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Indrapura, capital of the ancient kingdom of Champa, which is close to the type locality. Formed as a noun in apposition. The recommended Chinese name is aēṉ田ª.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>VIETNAM • 1 spec. (preserved in ethanol); Phuoc Son, Kham Duc, Cai River drainage; 21–31 Oct. 2006; Frank Köhler leg.; ZMB.114403.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>VIETNAM • 2 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for holotype; ZMB.114403 • 5 specs (preserved in ethanol); Nghê An, Tân Duong District, Tam Quang, Truong Son Mts, mountain creek; 21–31 Oct. 2006; Frank Köhler leg.; ZMB.114402.1, ZMB.114402 • 3 specs (preserved in ethanol); same data as for preceding; ZMB.114406 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Adult shell (Fig. 38A–F) medium in size (26.92 ± 2.45 mm), thin but sturdy, conical, olive to greenish brown, with five to six whorls, apex acute; teleoconch whorls, especially body whorl, slightly inflated, sometimes forming shoulder, with three smooth primary keels, with one to two weaker smooth secondary keels located between suture and first keel, sometimes one additional weak keel located between first and second/second and third keels, base of shell with three to five weak keels, keels usually darker than rest of shell surface; aperture ovate, less than half of shell in height, inner shell surface bluish white, outer lip thin, always with a strong angular periphery, columellar lip covered with thick inner shell layers, white or orange, adult columellar lip recurved, forming a very narrow crescent-shaped callus or without this structure, columellar lip or this structure usually covering umbilicus, umbilicus sometimes narrowly open, bordered by a keel.</p><p>Operculum (Fig. 38G–H) corneous, ovate, thin, yellow to orange; exterior surface smooth; interior surface with small nuclear region, around 1/5 of inner opercular region, with shiny grains or veins.</p><p>Radular (Fig. 39) (n = 4) central tooth with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; lateral tooth with one broad central denticle and five small sharp cusps on either side; inner marginal tooth narrow, about half width of lateral tooth, with one broad central denticle and five to six small sharp cusps on either side; outer marginal tooth wide, almost same width as lateral tooth, with 21 to 26 small sharp cusps.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bakyietaia indrapura gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from most congeners, especially Bakyietaia polyzonata, based on the medium-sized thin conical shell, more inflated whorls and stronger keel at suture. The distribution of Bakyietaia indrapura in central Vietnam is far from the distributions of other congeners. It is probably the southernmost non-introduced species of this genus.</p><p>Habitat and distribution</p><p>Rivers and mountain creeks of Central Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/064787F375048450FE0E7E7E299BFA80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Le-Jia;Yen, Yu-Hsiu;Chen, Zhe-Yu;Du, Li-Na;Ng, Ting Hui;Rintelen, Thomas von	Zhang, Le-Jia, Yen, Yu-Hsiu, Chen, Zhe-Yu, Du, Li-Na, Ng, Ting Hui, Rintelen, Thomas von (2025): A new genus of river snails, Bakyietaia (Mollusca, Viviparidae), from South China and the Indochinese Peninsula. European Journal of Taxonomy 1005: 1-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1005.2985, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2985/13435
