identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
061487A2FFDAD14EFF58F9F8FDC1F9A4.text	061487A2FFDAD14EFF58F9F8FDC1F9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrolimosina	<div><p>Afrolimosina gen. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–16)</p><p>Type species: Afrolimosina albitarsis sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Gender: feminine.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new genus is composed from ‘Africa’ and the genus name Limosina (the classical large genus of Limosininae).</p><p>Diagnosis. The new genus is distinct with its special set of characteristics in male and female genitalia. Its male sternite 5 is without medio-caudal lobe but with a deep concave invagination instead, hypandrium (Fig. 12) asymmetrical, tripartite, lateral arms of hypandrium fused to epandrium but not completely fused to mid part, its connections to phallapodeme (phallus), surstylus and cercus very large, buckle-shaped, sternite 8 part of synsternite large, cerci not meeting sagittally; surstylus very characteristic, basiphallus extremely large, lengthened ventrally into a large epiphallus; female epiproct minute but with a strong pair of setae, spermathecae ovoid. Body length 1.5–1.9 mm, hind tibia with 4 (5) pairs of distinct dorsal setae. The new genus runs to couplet 78 in Papp’s (2008) key for the Old World limosinine genera. There it is obviously different from Paralimosina L.Papp.</p><p>Description. Head without inner orbitals. 2 pairs of fronto-orbital setae. Facial plate normal, i.e. antennae not in deep hollow. Distance between antennae very small, several pairs of interfrontal setae, all minute. First flagellomere not conical. Eyes not reduced.</p><p>Thorax. Anepisternum without setae. 2 pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals. No setulae between apical scutellar setae, disc of scutellum bare.</p><p>Legs similar to the genus Minilimosina, mid tibia neither with ventral preapical seta nor mid ventral seta, ventroapical seta distinct, 3 proximal dorsal setae, i.e. unpaired. Fore tarsi white. Mid basitarsus without long anteroventral seta. Hind tibia (Fig. 4) with 4 (5) pairs of distinct dorsal setae. Hind basitarsus (Fig. 5) bears a row of ventrally curved thick black thorns and a small subapical tooth.</p><p>Wing. Costal vein not produced beyond apex of R4+5. First costal section with comparatively short setulae only, and basally with 2 shorter paired setae. Vein R4+ 5 in its whole length slightly but distinctly bent up to costa.</p><p>Abdomen. Both male and female preabdomen (except for male sternite 5) are without peculiarities. Abdominal tergites not reduced.</p><p>Male sternite 5 (Fig. 2) deeply reduced in length medially, sternal setae are concentrated to a caudal section anterior to the emargination; a small quadrate membranous sagittal process discernible. Right side sclerite distinct at right apical edge of sternite 5. Synsternite (Fig. 1) with small sternite 6 and large broad sternite 8 part; a ringshaped sclerite present on the right side of synsternite (Figs 1–2). Sternite 8 part with 4 strong submarginal setae, which is a rather unusual feature. Epandrium (Fig. 7) very long asymmetrical, longer on the right side, anteroventrally with a comparatively large process bearing hypandrium and joining surstylus; cercal part (Fig. 3) broadly incurved. Cerci not fused sagittally, ventral part of epandrial complex with numerous setae. Hypandrium (Fig. 12) asymmetrical, tripartite and looks rather weak. Lateral arms of hypandrium fused to epandrium; its connections to phallapodeme (phallus), surstylus and cercus very large, buckle-shaped. Subepandrial sclerite (Fig. 10) small, dark, H-shaped, connects cerci and joins phallapodeme through a strong (thick) membrane, basal to basiphallus and postgonite. Surstylus (Figs 7–8) large, transverse, joining also to the inner lamella of cercus; surstylus in 2 parts: anterior part plough-shaped with serrate anterior lower margin and minute hairs, posterior part sub-quadrate in lateral view, with numerous longer setae. Basiphallus (Fig. 6) extremely large, caudally or ventrocaudally directed. Distiphallus (Figs 6, 9) robust with 3 not completely symmetrical apical structures: a shield and 2 pairs of short dorsally directed processes; posterior part is a large single boat-shaped sclerite. Phallapodeme (Fig. 6) not particularly long but robust. Postgonite (Fig. 11) rather straight, apical part broadened with a blunt posterior apex.</p><p>Female preabdominal sternites small. Postabdomen sternite 8 (Fig. 13) in two parts: larger anterior part subquadrate, microsetose in its caudal part only, with some shorter setae; caudal (posterior part) dorsally curved (Fig. 14), bare, weakly sclerotised, even with small holes (not setal bases!) and minor incrustations. Tergite 8 (Fig. 14– 15) in 2 large lateral parts as usual but also a flat more or less inverse shield-shaped dorsal part present. Epiproct small short, weakly sclerotised (Fig. 15), with a pair of comparatively long setae. Cercus (Fig. 15) comparatively small, its apical setae longer than cercus and also several other long cercal setae discernible. Spermathecae (Fig. 16) ovoid, finely reticulate with minor dark dots (thickening), sclerotised ducts shorter than body of spermathecae. Spermathecal wall not thick, so in glycerol tends to collapse, this is why it is necessary to study spermathecae in water (after a hydroxide treatment).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFDAD14EFF58F9F8FDC1F9A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD9D148FF58F923FBAEF949.text	061487A2FFD9D148FF58F923FBAEF949.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrolimosina albitarsis	<div><p>Afrolimosina albitarsis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–16)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (BMSA): Malaise traps, Brachystegia woodland—BURUNDI: Bururi Prov., Réserve Naturelle de Rumonge, 04° 00.940’ S, 29° 29.560’E, 17–20.xi. 2010, 900 m, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs— Entomology Dept., National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa—BMSA(D) 23880.</p><p>Paratypes (BMSA): 1 female: same data; 2 males 2 females: ibid., Réserve Naturelle Forestière de Kigwena, Circumguinean forest, 04° 05.949’ S, 29° 30.455’E, 810 m; 1 female: Malaise traps, Acacia Savanna—RSA: Free State, Brandfort Florisbad Res. Stat., 28° 46.039’ S, 29° 04.234’E, 4–6.iv.2009, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs; 4 females: Namibia, Mukve District, Popa Falls Restcamp, 18° 07’17 S, 21° 34’ 59 E, 13–16.ii.2004, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs, light traps, riverine forest.</p><p>Paratypes (HNHM, all but one pinned on cactus prickles): 4 males 12 females (1 m with abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): GHANA: Ho, Volta region, N 6° 70' E 0° 03', air plankton, 15 Nov 1971, No. 475, S. Endrődy-Younga; 1 male (abdomen with genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., Abuadi-Kpeze, c. 50km, 17:30–19:00, 5. 9. 1971; 1 male (in canada balsam, abdomen with genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., No. 376; 1 female: Ghana: ibid., Kwadaso, on light, No. 397, 0 1.09.1969.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.67 (holotype), 1.50–1.88 (paratypes); wing length 1.70 (holotype), 1.54–1.88 (paratypes); wing width 0.75 (holotype), 0.62–0.78 (paratypes).</p><p>Head. Frons subshining, frontal triangle narrow and long, reaching lunule, apex narrowly rounded. Facial plate and cheek shiny black, gena similar but finely longitudinally dashed. 3 medium-long interfrontal setae present. Anterior fronto-orbital seta 3/4 as long as posterior one, but definitely thinner. Postocellar seta indistinct, inner occipital seta almost as long as ocellar seta but thinner, outer occipitals also distinct. Vibrissa as long as 1st flagellomere and pedicel combined, genal seta upcurved, 0.12–0.13 mm. Palpus with very long (0.15 mm) apical seta. First flagellomere reddish, except apical 1/3 (there definitely dark grey). Arista 0.66 mm, aristal cilia c. 0.015 mm, first flagellomere with 0.025 mm long less dense cilia.</p><p>Thorax. Mesonotum subshining (dark microtomentose). 2 dorsocentral pairs, posterior pair very long (0.34 mm). No enlarged prescutellar acrostichal seta. Apical scutellar seta 0.52 mm (!). Pleura dull (grey microtrichose). Anterior katepisternal seta 1/4–1/3 length of the posterior one.</p><p>Legs dark brown, except tarsi: fore tarsus white, mid and hind tarsi yellow. Trochanters yellowish. Mid basitarsus long and thin. Mid basitarsus with complete rows of strong anteroventral and posteroventral setae but no enlarged ventral seta. No mid ventral seta on mid tibia. Mid tibia with short but thick ventroapical seta: 0.05 mm in male, 0.09–0.10 mm in female. Male mid femur in basal half with a row of 9–10 long apically curved setae, subapically with a thick anterior thorn (0.08 mm). Male mid tibia apical 2/3 with a row of short thick pointed seta. Mid tibial armature: anterodorsal setae at 1/4 (strong), 3/4 (very strong) and 2–3 other stronger anterodorsal between them; posterodorsal setae at 9/20 (strong), 3/4 (very strong). Hind tibia with very short (0.04 mm) ventroapical seta (both sexes).</p><p>Wing membrane yellowish grey with comparatively long microtrichia, veins ochreous. Alula very narrow, apex almost pointed. Second costal section 0.475 mm, third section 0.51. Two sub-basal setae on costa: 0.14–0.15 mm and 0.10 mm. Vein R4+5 slightly but distinctly bent up, costa ends at R4+5 apex. Intra-crossvein section of M1+2 0.29 mm, M-M crossvein 0.14 mm. Lower edge of discal cell rounded, no vein appendage there. Halter wax-yellow.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites shiny; tergite 1+2 lighter medially but not less sclerotised, sternite 2 composed of 2 round plates of 0.08 and 0.04 mm. Abdominal membrane with scarce but long setae up to 0.07 mm.</p><p>Male and female genitalia as described under the genus.</p><p>Female. Preabdominal sternites of female small, width of tergite/sternite (1 unit = 0.011 mm): 3rd 60/20, 4th 54/21, 5th 45/22, 6th 37/29.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species refers to its white fore tarsi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD9D148FF58F923FBAEF949	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFDFD14AFF58F90BFB94FADC.text	061487A2FFDFD14AFF58F90BFB94FADC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biphallapodema	<div><p>Biphallapodema gen. n.</p><p>(Figs 17–38)</p><p>Type species: Biphallapodema polydentata sp. nov., by present designation; additional species: B. oligodentata sp. nov.</p><p>Gender: feminine.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new genus refers to the extremely long connections of postgonites to the phallapodeme, which look like a second shorter apodeme at a first glance under the true phallapodeme.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small terricolous flies with peculiar male genitalia. Base of postgonite connected to phallapodeme by extremely long hairpin-like flexible black connections, in profile they look like a second phallapodeme. Epandrial complex strongly fused ventrally in the cercal part, most ventrally with a pair of strong caniniform processes, hypandrium strongly fused to epandrium, lateral parts (arms) asymmetrical, medial part short broad and left-side curved, basiphallus ventrally directed, hook-like in profile with an upcurved thinner epiphallus. Sclerotised parts of ducts of spermathecae short, each with a bulbous distal end; spermathecae are not dish-shaped. Body less sclerotised and not granulose. This new genus keys out to Rohacekia L.Papp (couplet 72) or to Spinilimosina (couplet 77) in Papp’s (2008) key. The habitus and male genitalia are much different from Rohacekia (cf. Papp 2008: figs 281–285). Contrary to Spinilimosina the epandrium of the new genus does not bear robust spine-like setae.</p><p>Description. Head semiglobular. Inner and outer occipitals particularly strong. Postocellar seta distinct. No inner orbital setae. 2 pairs of fronto-orbitals. 3–4 medium, equally long interfrontal pairs present. Facial plate shiny, oral margin protruding, a flat carina between antennal bases well developed. No upcurved genal seta. First flagellomere rounded with a broad dorsal apex.</p><p>Thorax. Scutellum concolorous with the brown mesonotum, without additional scutellars. 1 pair of posterior dorsocentral setae, prescutellar acrostichal distinct though only slightly longer than other acrostichal setae. Acrostichal setulae sparse but comparatively long. 2 subequal pair of katepisternal setae present.</p><p>Legs. Fore femur with comparatively weak posteroventral setae. Mid coxa with a rather long ventrally directed seta. Mid tibia without a ventral preapical seta, ventro-apical seta strong and with a distinct mid ventral seta. 1 longer seta in the posteroventral row on mid basitarsus. Ventro-apical part of hind tibia indistinct, hind tibia without long setae at all. Claws and pulvilli small.</p><p>Wing unicolorous and without microtrichia. Costa sub-basally with a pair of long setae, 0.10–0.11 mm, i.e. much shorter than in Rudolfina; first costal section otherwise with short setae only. Costa not produced beyond apex of R4+5. Radial vein R4+5 strongly bent up, costa reaches just to apex of R4+5.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 2 membranous centrally. Preabdominal sternites various but not small: sternite 2 half as broad as corresponding tergite, sternite 4 2/3 as broad as tergite 4. Preabdomen (except for sternite 5) not modified at all.</p><p>Male sternite 5 (Figs 21–22, 28–29) rather large with a pair of caudal processes (or a simple broad process), which bear a pair of groups of long parallel pegs (5 to 12 each). Anterior to those pegs a larger field of discoloured sharp setulae present. Synsternite (Fig. 30) with a robust sternite 6 part and a broad but not long sternite 8 part. Epandrial complex (Figs 31–32) strongly fused ventrally (in the cercal part), most ventrally with a pair of strong caniniform processes (Figs 25, 32). Epandrium with only one connection to hypandrium on both sides. Hypandrium (Fig. 31) strongly fused to epandrium, lateral parts (arms) asymmetrical, medial part (“rod”) short broad and left-side curved. Subepandrial sclerite rather weakly sclerotised (Figs 31–32), except for a sagittal narrow sub-quadratic part. Surstylus (Figs 25, 35) comparatively small, compact, without any teeth but with dense medium-long setae. Basiphallus (Figs 24, 26, 34) ventrally directed, hook-like in profile with an upcurved thinner epiphallus. Distiphallus (Figs 24, 26–27, 34) with a pair of dorsal processes and distinct apical structures. Phallapodeme (Figs. 23, 33) extremely long rod-like, its base connected to postgonites through extremely long hairpin-like flexible black connections, which has the appearance of a second phallapodeme. Postgonite (Figs 23– 24, 34) large and broad.</p><p>Female epiproct large round, cercus normal or slightly elongated with some long setae; spermathecae (Figs 27, 38) various, but sclerotised ducts are very short with a comparatively large bulb distally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFDFD14AFF58F90BFB94FADC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFDDD14BFF58FA8BFCF5FDCB.text	061487A2FFDDD14BFF58FA8BFCF5FDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biphallapodema oligodentata	<div><p>Biphallapodema oligodentata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 17–27)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNHM, body in a canada balsam preparation, abdomen with synsternite as well as genitalia with a part of S8 separated, and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): CONGO: Brazzaville, ORSTOM park, soil traps in forest, 2. I. 1964.—14 days, leg. J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi—Hung. Soil-Zool. Exp., Congo No. 572.</p><p>Paratypes (HNHM): 2 males 1 female (in a canada balsam preparation, males’ abdomen and genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., 21. XI. 1963 - soil traps in forest, 3 days, No. 219. 1 male 2 females, 1 male 1 female (in 2 canada balsam preparations, abdomen and genitalia of the latter male in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., soil traps around leaf-compost, No. 219, 16. XI. 1963, 20 days.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.50 (holotype), 1.42–1.60 (paratypes); wing length 1.20 (holotype), 1.14–1.28 (paratypes); wing width 0.58 (holotype), 0.57–0.60 (paratypes). The two species of the genus differ in details of the male and female genitalia. Thus, only those characteristics are described below.</p><p>Male. Sternite 5 (Figs. 21–22) with a not divided broad medio-caudal emargination, which bears a pair of processes of 5–6 long flat pegs each. Surstylus (Fig. 25) with anterior part narrower than in B. polydentata . Basiphallus (Figs 23, 26) larger but epiphallus thinner than in B. polydentata . Distiphallus (Figs 26–27) with a large ventrally curved apical process, which is dentate on margins; an additional dorsal process also present.</p><p>Postgonite (Figs 23–24) seems more strongly connected to the lower branch of connecting sclerite than in B. polydentata . Postgonite with a blunt caudal, as well as a very broad apical lobe each.</p><p>Female sternite 8 (Fig. 17) weakly sclerotised, covered by small hairs, except anterior margin, sternite 8 bears some very short setulae only. Hypoproct (Fig. 18) strongly sclerotised on a broad caudal rim, medial part membranous, its strong caudal part bears 2–3 upcurved setae in ventral view. Epiproct (Fig. 19) comparatively large with minute hairs, except antero-lateral parts; its setal pair thin but long. Cercus (Fig. 19) normal in shape, each with a pair of very long apical and medial pair of setae. Spermathecae (Fig. 20) peculiar in shape: proximodistally flattened with a subcylindrical, more sclerotised inner part, sclerotised parts of ducts short with a bulbous distal end each. That is, common duct of paired spermathecae very short, its bulb occupies more than half of it.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species (‘oligodentata’ = a few teeth) refers to the low-numbered (5 each) pegs on the pair of processes on male sternite 5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFDDD14BFF58FA8BFCF5FDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD3D145FF58FF7EFC58FDCB.text	061487A2FFD3D145FF58FF7EFC58FDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biphallapodema polydentata	<div><p>Biphallapodema polydentata sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 28–38)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNHM, body in a good quality canada balsam preparation, abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): CONGO: Brazzaville, ORSTOM park, J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi - soil traps around leaf-compost, No. 211, 18. XI. 1963, 2 days.</p><p>Paratypes (HNHM): 1 male (abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., S. Endrődy—Younga— 30. XII. 1963, excrement trap, No. 561. 2 males, 1 male 1 female, 2 females, 1 male (complete bodies in canada balsam preparations): same data; 1 male (pinned, abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): same data.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.21 (holotype), 1.15–1.62 (paratypes); wing length 1.12 (holotype), 1.10–1.32 (paratypes); wing width c. 0.45 (holotype), 0.44–0.51 (paratypes).</p><p>Male. Sternite 5 (Figs 28–29) with a pair of short blunt medio-caudal emarginations, which bear broad processes of 11–12 long flat pegs each. Synsternite (Fig.30) as described under the genus. Figure 31 is to illustrate the whole epandrial complex with hypandrium and cercal parts and subepandrial sclerite. The fusion of the two halves is ventrally actually more broad, as given on the Figure 32. Surstylus (Fig. 35) with broad blunt apical part (in contrast to B. oligodentata). Basiphallus (Fig. 34) less robust, its epiphallus thicker than in B. oligodentata . Base of postgonite seems less strongly fused to ventral branch of connecting sclerite (Fig. 33), postgonite with a comparatively long sharp anterior apical process, caudal process also sharp in lateral view.</p><p>Female genitalia with round epiproct, which bears a pair of short thick setae (Fig. 36). Hypoproct (Fig. 37) subtriangular, its medial part more sclerotised, and a larger part than its apical half strongly sclerotised with short hairs, and bears a pair of long thick setae subapically. Cercus long (Fig. 36); with 3 pairs of long apical and subapical setae, apical seta tends to be incurved. Spermathecae (Fig. 38) longer than broad (contrary to B. oligodentata), with a narrowed proximal part, but sclerotised ducts are very similar to the other species with their distal bulb.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species (‘polydentata’ = numerous teeth) refers to the highnumbered (11–12 each) pegs on the pair of processes on male sternite 5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD3D145FF58FF7EFC58FDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD1D140FF58FF7EFB63FB19.text	061487A2FFD1D140FF58FF7EFB63FB19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelilimosina	<div><p>Chelilimosina gen. n.</p><p>Figs 39–53</p><p>Type species: Chelilimosina baloghi sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Gender: feminine.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new genus is composed from the Latin ‘cheli’ (= claw) and the genus name Limosina (the classical large genus of Limosininae).</p><p>Diagnosis. Very small flies (wing length only slightly more than 1.0 mm). Male fore outer claws (Fig. 49) are very large (cf. etymology); inner claw thin but normal. Male genitalia are very characteristic: sternite 8 part small, extremely short (thin), male genitalia extremely asymmetrical, hypandrium comparatively short, its medial part (“rod”) particularly strong, lateral parts not connected to medial part but through membranes only, epandrium has a left-side process to the medial part of hypandrium (Fig. 39), cercus round, partly membranous, appears to be triangular in ventral view, cerci meeting in the sagittal line, subepandrial sclerite broad dorsally but not high, with strong processes to surstylus. Surstylus (Fig. 47) broadly 3-lobed, caudal part broadened horizontally, with 2 broad but not deep processes; anterior pair large with short setae only, strong epiphallus present. Female epiproct is fused to cerci. Body less sclerotised and not granulose. Abdominal tergites well-sclerotised. It keys out to couplet 55 in Papp’s (2008) key. However, contrary to O. ( Opalimosina) costal vein not produced beyond apex of R4+5, hind tibial ventral spur indistinct, distiphallus, postgonite, etc. are entirely different. Otherwise the new genus keys out to Rohacekia, an Oriental genus in Papp’s (2008) key, but it has a mid ventral seta on mid tibia, no long ventral hairs on male mid tibia, and its sternite 6 part of synsternite is simple in the new genus (cf. Papp 2008: fig. 281). Contrary to Rohacekia, male cerci just meet sagittally.</p><p>Description. Head comparatively large, facial plate normal, i.e. not hollowed. Head without inner orbitals. 2 pairs of fronto-orbital setae, 4 pairs of medium-long interfrontal setae. First flagellomere slightly conical but without a rod-like projection. Aristal cilia long.</p><p>Thorax. Prosternum very narrow. Scutellum concolorous with mesonotum, without additional setulae. Mesonotum with a single posterior pair of dorsocentral setae. Anepisternum without any seta.</p><p>Legs. Mid tibia without a ventral preapical seta, ventroapical strong and a strong mid ventral seta present on mid tibia. Mid basitarsus without a longer ventral seta. Ventral spur in hind tibia indistinct, no characteristic setae on dorsal half of hind tibia but with anterodorsal and posterodorsal rows of longer setae.</p><p>Wing not patterned and without microtrichia and with a strong pair of setae sub-basally on costal vein. First costal section with medium-long setae. Vein R4+5 strongly bent up to costa, costal vein not produced beyond apex of R4+5.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites well sclerotised, their marginal setae normal. Preabdomen (except for male sternite 5) not modified at all.</p><p>Male sternite 5 broad and short with a pair of long dark caudal processes (Fig. 42; they are not setae and not seen in ventral view), medial part (Fig. 40) emarginated with longer setae. Synsternite (Fig. 42) peculiar: Sternite 6 part with ventral part “broken in the sagittal line, there with a sharp caudal process. Sternite 8 part small, extremely short (thin). Male genitalia extremely asymmetrical: Hypandrium (Figs 39–40) comparatively short, its medial part (“rod”) particularly strong, lateral parts not connected to medial part but through membranes only. Epandrium (Fig. 43) large, also opening large with short pale setae. Epandrium has a left-side process to the medial part of hypandrium (Fig. 39). Cercus round partly membranous (looks triangular in ventral view), cerci meeting in the sagittal line (Fig. 43). Subepandrial sclerite (Fig. 43) broad dorsally but not high, with strong processes to surstylus. Surstylus (Fig. 47) broadly 3-lobed, caudal part broadened horizontally, with 2 broad but not deep processes; anterior part large with short setae only. Strong epiphallus present (Figs 44–45), basiphallus very short vertically placed, its connection to distiphallus is through muscles. Distiphallus large, broad and high, with a large dorsal process and apical structures, incl. a mostly membranous process. Phallapodeme (Fig. 46) rather short rodlike. Postgonite (Fig. 46) simple, rather thick, slightly curved and ends in a blunt apex.</p><p>Female preabdominal tergites quite normal. Sternite 2 more than twice as broad as long. Sternites 2 to 6 much narrower than tergites. Tergite 7 not divided at all. Apex of sternite 8 dorsally curved and impressed sagittally, subtriangular in ventral view (Fig. 51), apex of sternite 8 with 2 pairs of thin setae and with fine striation (Fig. 52). Female outer genitalia form a hollow, where tergite 8 and sternite 8 are the most caudal points (Fig. 50). Epiproct and hypoproct are slightly upturned. Cerci fused with epiproct and all weakly sclerotised, cercus with 1 long seta only (Fig. 48), and otherwise cercal seta asymmetrical. Hypoproct very broad, though its sclerotised rim rather narrow. Spermathecae (Fig. 53) peculiar: their body globular, sclerotised part of ducts short and bulbous (no Y-like character of the paired ones would be discernible). Not sclerotised parts of ducts conspicuously thin. Dorsal wall of egg-tube with 2 small dark horizontal platelets (apices rather caudal to that of hypoproct).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD1D140FF58FF7EFB63FB19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD7D141FF58FAF4FE5FFCED.text	061487A2FFD7D141FF58FAF4FE5FFCED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelilimosina baloghi	<div><p>Chelilimosina baloghi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 39–53)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNHM, abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol, right wing prepared on a slide): CONGO: Brazzaville, ORSTOM park, J. Balogh &amp; A. Zicsi, soil traps in forest— 2. I. 1964. 10 days, No. 572.</p><p>Paratype female (HNHM): same as for holotype.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.06 (holotype), 1.12 (paratype), wing length 1.02 (holotype), c. 1.03 (paratype); wing width 0.45 (holotype), 0.47 (paratype). Body microtrichose (tomentose) brown (i.e. not shiny).</p><p>Head. Eye rather small, longitudinal axis oblique, 0.15 mm long. Gena 0.07 mm below eye. Two long frontoorbital setae. 4 medium-long interfrontal setae. Inner vertical seta very long, outer vertical seta rather long (0.10 mm) and thick. Both inner and outer occipital setae distinct. Genal seta short, upcurved. Scape seta 0.06 mm long. First flagellomere with a narrowly rounded dorsal apex. Arista dorsal subapical in position, 0.29 mm long, i.e. very long compared to body dimensions; with fine (0.015 mm) cilia.</p><p>Thorax. Only 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta, 0.175 mm long. Prescutellar acrostichal seta only 0.05–0.055 mm. Acrostichal setulae sparse but comparatively long. Anepisternum bare. Katepisternum with a single posterior seta of 0.13 mm.</p><p>Wing. Costal vein thickened, thickness on second section slightly more than 0.02 mm. Sub-basal seta of costa 0.09–0.10 mm, its inner pair distinctly shorter (0.07 mm). Setae on first costal section long, 0.05 mm. Second costal section slightly shorter than third (0.27 mm vs 0.295 mm). Costa ends 0.07 mm before wing apex. Vein R4+5 strongly bent up, costa terminates at its apex. Inter-crossvein section of M1+2 0.125, M-M crossvein 0.06 mm. Alula small, apex narrowly rounded. Halter pale yellow (but probably discoloured in alcohol).</p><p>Legs. Mid tibia with a distinct mid ventral seta. Mid tibial armature: anterodorsals at 7/25, 23/50 and 18/25 (the strongest), a dorsal seta at 11/25, a strong posterodorsal at 19/25. Mid basitarsus with sparse but long anteroventral and posteroventral rows. Hind basitarsus 0.10 mm, second tarsomere 0.12 mm long.</p><p>Male. Fore claws modified: outer claw much enlarged (Fig. 49), inner claw long thin but normal. Lower apical margin of surstylus with fine serration. Distiphallus with a large ventral Y-shaped sclerite and a blunt dorsal part, cordiform in caudal view.</p><p>Female. As male, but fore claws normal, though longer than on mid and hind tarsi. Female preabdominal tergites quite normal. Sternite 2 more than 3 times (10/3) broader than long. Width of female tergites vs sternites (width/length): 3rd 24/10, 4the 24/12, 5th 26/10, 6th 25/7. Tergite 6 with sparse medially long setae, which are not longer than caudal ones. Tergite 7 not divided at all. Sternite 8 with apex dorsally curved, sagittally impressed. Female genitalia form a hollow, where tergite 8 and sternite 8 are in the most caudal parts (Fig. 50). Epiproct with cerci and hypoproct slightly upcurved. Dorsal wall of egg-tube with 2 small short horizontal platelets (apices rather caudal to that of the hypoproct). Spermathecae (Fig. 53).</p><p>Etymology. I named this new species after the late Professor JÁNOS BALOGH, the famous acarologist, who collected the type specimens and many other invaluable specimens of Sphaeroceridae (some others are described also in the present paper).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD7D141FF58FAF4FE5FFCED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD6D143FF58FC78FB72FECE.text	061487A2FFD6D143FF58FC78FB72FECE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mislocatus	<div><p>Mislocatus gen. nov.</p><p>(Figs 54–61)</p><p>Type species: Ceroptera ealensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1951: 11, by present designation.</p><p>Gender: masculine.</p><p>Etymology. I name this new genus as ‘ Mislocatus ’ (Latin: wrongly placed), since its type species had formerly been placed in the genus Ceroptera, which it does not relate to.</p><p>Diagnosis. Subcostal vein conspicuous: clearly detectable to the 4/5 length of R1. Male postabdomen and genitalia are very distinct: medial caudal part of sternite 5 with a better sclerotised area, which forms half of a ring, this medio-caudal part continued in a pair of straight thorns and a peculiar pair of long sickle-shaped processes with sharp long thorn-like apex and blunt short black pegs on its caudal margin; synsternite fused to rather large laterally and ventrally directed right side sclerites; sternite 8 part large, comparatively long, epandrium simple without the large epandrial processes of Ceroptera spp., subepandrial sclerite very small (Fig. 60) and strongly connected to cerci, cercus small, very shortly fused sagittally with a pair of strong setae, surstylus simple, horizontal with numerous long setae, basiphallus comparatively large compact without epiphallus, distiphallus long and comparatively thin, phallapodeme rod-like without discus-like basal thickening as in Ceroptera spp. The genus was properly fitted in Papp’s (2008) key to couplet 25.</p><p>Description. See Papp (2008), p. 62. No longer (upcurved) genal seta, postocular seta indistinct.</p><p>Legs. Fore femur with some long posteroventral setae but no robust basal setae. Mid tibia without a posterodorsal seta in basal half.</p><p>Wing unicolorous, costa produced markedly beyond apex of R4+5.</p><p>Abdomen. Preabdominal sclerites other than male sternite 5 normal, although tergites 3 to 5 transverse, more than twice broader than long, weakly sclerotised with rather long marginal setae.</p><p>Male. Preabdominal tergites and sternites not reduced. Sternite 5 (Fig. 54) extremely large, not only broad but long with numerous very long setae on all its surface. Medial caudal part of sternite 5 with a better sclerotised area, which forms half of a ring and embraces less sclerotised and melanised area, which bears thin setae. This mediocaudal part continued in a pair of straight thorns and a peculiar pair of process: long sickle-shaped process with sharp long thorn-like apex and blunt short black pegs on its caudal margin (Fig. 55). Figure 56 on synsternite drawn in an unusual view, is a key figure to illustrate structure of the postabdominal sclerites. Synsternite fused to rather large right side sclerites; sternite 8 part large, comparatively long. Epandrium simple without large epandrial processes of Ceroptera sp. (see e.g. Papp 2008: fig. 6). Subepandrial sclerite very small (Fig. 60), and strongly connected to cerci. Cercus (Fig. 61) small, very shortly fused sagittally with a pair of strong setae. Surstylus (Fig. 58) simple, horizontal with numerous long setae. Basiphallus comparatively large, compact without epiphallus (Fig. 57, cf. e.g. Papp 2008: fig. 4). Distiphallus long and comparatively thin. Phallapodeme (Fig. 57) rod-like without discus-like basal thickening as in Ceroptera spp. Postgonite (Fig. 59) long simple with blunt apical part.</p><p>Female abdomen and genitalia. Syntergite 1+2 well sclerotised but short, only 0.15 mm, its longest marginal setae 0.15–0.16 mm. Tergites 3 to 5 transverse, 0.05 mm long but as least 0.13 mm broad, weakly sclerotised with rather long marginal setae. Sternites 2 to 5 all weakly sclerotised with measurements (in mm): 0.15 x 0.14, 0.17 x 0.14, 0.17 x 0.15, 0.15 x 0.17. Sternite 8 simple semicircular with 3 pairs of short marginal setae. Tergite 8 not divided though less melanised sagittally. Tergites 6 and 7 as well as sternites 6 and 7 all quadratic, broader than long.</p><p>Epiproct shield-shaped with a long dorsal pair of setae. Cercus 0.07 mm long with 4 pairs of long setae (dorsal, apical, lateral, ventral subapical), longest one 0.010 mm (!). Hypoproct 0.08 mm broad but only 0.025 mm long with thin marginal setae. Spermathecae long cylindrical (0.06–0.065 mm long, 0.025 mm broad), distal end rounded. Sclerotised ducts only 1/2 as long as width of spermatheca.</p><p>Remark. I found a female specimen in the BMSA material at a late phase of the preparation of the MS; this is why I did not make figures of the female genitalia, but I give a detailed description instead.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD6D143FF58FC78FB72FECE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD4D143FF58FE8DFC45FAD9.text	061487A2FFD4D143FF58FE8DFC45FAD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mislocatus ealensis (Vanschuytbroeck 1951) Vanschuytbroeck 1951	<div><p>Mislocatus ealensis (Vanschuytbroeck, 1951)</p><p>Material studied: 1 male paratype: 1) Congo-belge, Eala— 24-V-1935, J. Ghesquière, 527; 2) P. Vanschuytbroeck det. 1951 “ Ceroptera ealensis Vansch. ” [Vanschuytbroeck’s handwriting]; 3) [red] Para-type; 4) cf. Bull. Inst. Sc. Nat. Belg. “T. XXVII, no. 33, 1951, p. 11”. 1 male (BMSA) 1 female (HNHM, abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): Malaise traps, broad-leafed deciduous woodland—RSA, KZN, Ndumi Game R., main camp at: 26° 54.652’ S, 32° 19.719’ E, 27–30.xi.2009, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.26 (paratype male), 1.20 (male), 1.47 mm (female), wing length 1.23 (paratype male), 1.10 (male), 1.32 mm (female), wing width 0.54, 0.52, 0.66 (female).</p><p>Legs (see Papp 2008, p. 62). Mid tibia with 2 antero-dorsals at 5/16 and 3/4, 1 dorsal seta at 13/16, 1 posterodorsal at 25/32, i.e. slightly distal to distal 3/4 of tibia.</p><p>Wing membrane greyish yellow, all veins ochreous. Fringe on the first section of costal vein not much longer than on its second section 0.03–0.032 mm). Second costal section much shorter than third (0.29 mm vs 0.60 mm). Costal vein long overruns apex of R4+5. Vein R4+5 concave, apex slightly bent up. Intra-crossvein of M1+2 0.14 mm, M-M crossvein 0.11 mm. Lower edge of discal cell slightly more than 90. M1+2 although faint, traceable to wing margin. M3+4 appendage longer than crossvein. Anal vein lengthened to the level of R-M. Alula small and narrow.</p><p>Female. Abdominal tergite 1+2 0.25 long, tergite 2 0.40 mm long, longest marginal setae on tergite 2 0.17– 0.18 mm, 8–9 such long setae present. Tergite 3 0.26–0.27 mm broad, also weakly sclerotised, appearing bipartite, trapezoid in all. Tergite 4 0.20 * 0.10 mm with a pair of 0.08 mm long marginal setae. Sternites broad, setae sparse (e.g. only 6 long marginal caudal setae on sternite 4), membrane between tergites and sternites with long setae. Epandrium with at least 5 very long lateral pairs of setae, up to 0.12 mm.</p><p>Remarks. Although only 1 species in the new genus Mislocatus is known at present, I think, the shape and the number of pegs on its process of male sternite 5, the shape of cercus, the shape and armature of surstylus, the shape of postgonite are characteristic for a species only. That is, if one finds a second species, we may expect different shapes and setae in those structures. I described them in the characterisation of the genus, but I would stress only those features which permit a safe separation from the related genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD4D143FF58FE8DFC45FAD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFD4D15DFF58FAA1FE29FE7E.text	061487A2FFD4D15DFF58FAA1FE29FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligochaetosella	<div><p>Oligochaetosella gen. n.</p><p>(Figs 62–74)</p><p>Type species: Oligochaetosella inconspicua sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Gender: feminine.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name of this new genus is a diminutive form of the Latin name ‘oligochaetosus’ (with a few setae only).</p><p>Diagnosis. Minute flies with body not strongly sclerotised and not granulose. Both male and female genitalia are peculiar: its male sternite 5 broad and asymmetrical, the sternite 6 and 7 (forming part of synsternite) is extremely weak, the epandrium–cercus complex is open ventrally, cercal part subtriangular in caudal view, surstylus has a large apical and also a large caudal spine, hypandrium extremely weak, not to mention characteristics of the body. Female sternite 7 fused with sternite 8, this complex is nearly perpendicular to body axis. This new genus keys out to couplet 63 in Papp’s (2008) key for the Old World Limosininae . There it comes to a conflict: its vein R4+5 distinctly bent up to costa and the medial seta of scape as long as pedicel (cf. Australimosina L.Papp).</p><p>Description. Head. Facial plate normal, antenna not in a hollow. No inner orbitals. Medial seta on scape almost as long as pedicel. First flagellomere not conical but with a round dorsal apex. First flagellomere with long cilia, which are longer apically, and so first flagellomere seems conical in lower magnification.</p><p>Thorax. Mesonotum with 1 pair of posterior dorsocentral setae only. Scutellum concolorous with the brown mesonotum. No additional scutellar setae. Anepisternum bare.</p><p>Legs. No preapical or mid ventral seta on mid tibia. Anteroventral and posteroventral setae on mid basitarsus are strong, but no longer seta among them. Hind tibia without longer setae.</p><p>Wing membrane unicolorous and without macrotrichia. First costal section with a pair of long setae sub-basally (though shorter than in Rudolfina). Costal vein continued thinly but distinctly beyond apex of R4+5. Vein R4+5 strongly bent up to costa.</p><p>Male sternite 5 broad (Fig. 62), medio-caudal part with a subquadrate field of fine short hairs in three slightly overlapping rows. Sternite 5 with sparse long setae, medially subcaudally numerous setae, which are perpendicular to sternal plane (Fig. 63). Synsternite (Fig. 64) with a very thin sternite 6 part and a large long sternite 8 part. Ratios in the male genitalia are unusual: surstylus and cercus very large compared to epandrium (Fig. 68). Hypandrium short, medial part less strongly sclerotised (Fig. 67). Epandrial complex broadly open ventrally. Cercus emerging ventrally with a number of medium-long setae. Subepandrial sclerite (Fig. 65) narrow and high. Surstylus (Figs 65– 66) higher than long, ventrally with a large blunt black tooth, posterobasally with a larger and thicker thorn and more caudally with a thinner thorn; surstylus outer lateral surface with numerous medium-long setae. Basiphallus large without epiphallus, distiphallus (Figs 67–68) large bulbous, apically with a transverse large process, no peculiar dorsal structure. Phallapodeme long rod-like (Fig. 67). Postgonite (Figs 67–69) very broad-based, apical half slightly curved to the sagittal axis; apical part almost straight with a simple apex.</p><p>Female preabdominal sternites broad, e.g. tergite 3 0.40 mm, sternite 3 0.28 mm. Female postabdomen very short, not telescopic. Tergite 7 and sternite 7 though not fused, form a short ring (0.04–0.045 mm long, 0.18–0.20 mm broad). Tergite 6 and sternite 6 similar both in form and size but membrane between them broader. Tergite 8 in 2 lateral parts with some short setae and without medial process. Sternite 7 fused with sternite 8 (Fig. 71), this complex is nearly perpendicular to body axis (Fig. 70); sternite 7 part of the complex mostly covered by short hairs and with 2 pairs of longer setae, sternite 8 part bare with 2 pairs of minute setae. Epiproct (Fig. 73) incised apically with a pair of fine setae. Hypoproct (Fig. 72) all covered by short hairs. Cercus (Fig. 73) extremely short subcylindrical with fine setulae only and with 3 pairs of short apical-subapical setae. Spermathecae (Fig. 74) longer than broad, not strongly sclerotised (so they may collapse in glycerol), without any structures on surface. Sclerotised part of duct medium long on the unpaired one with a distal bulb, ducts shorter in paired ones with a medial (i.e. not distal) bulb.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFD4D15DFF58FAA1FE29FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFCAD15EFF58F91EFBDEFB15.text	061487A2FFCAD15EFF58F91EFBDEFB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligochaetosella inconspicua	<div><p>Oligochaetosella inconspicua sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 62–74)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNHM, body with the head separated, in a good quality canada balsam preparation, abdomen with genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol): GHANA: Tamale, 25 km on Damongo road, air plankton—17:45–18:45, 18.08.1969, No. 390, S. Endrődy-Younga.</p><p>Paratypes (HNHM): 1 male (abdomen with genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol) 1 female: same as for holotype; 1 male 1 female (male in canada balsam, abdomen with genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., Tamale, light trap Osram HQL bungalow—12. 0 2. 1971, No. 456.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.12 (holotype), 1.10–1.15 (paratypes); wing length 1.10 (holotype), 1.05–1.25 (paratypes); wing width 0.45 (holotype), 0.41–0.48 (paratypes). Head and all body brown.</p><p>Head 0.475 mm broad, antennae broadly separated by 0.06 mm. Facial plate concave but dorsally emerges into a large triangular carina (extended lunule between antennae). Oral margin protruding and upcurved. Eye strongly oblique, consequently gena extremely broadened posteriorly. Height of head 0.34 mm, postgena 0.225 mm, longest axis of eye 0.21 mm. 2 closely set fronto-orbitals: anterior pair emerges on the middle level of frons, several short discoloured fronto-orbitals, which continued in preocular setulae. 3 pairs of long interfrontal setae, plus a 4th posterior pair (or, it is long on the right side). Ocellars strong and strongly divergent. Inner vertical seta 2 times thicker than fronto-orbitals and 0.14 mm long; also outer vertical seta strong. Inner occipital seta white, 0.06–0.07 mm long, outer occipital seta thin. Postocellar seta not visible. No strong genal seta, i.e. longest seta on gena as long as peristomals, 0.035 mm. Vibrissa thick and 0.16 mm long. Arista long, c. 0.45 mm (!). Scape seta mediumlong (0.05 mm), longest pedicel seta 0.09 mm. First flagellomere with a broadly rounded dorsal apex. Aristal cilia sparse but 0.02 mm long.</p><p>Thorax. Mesonotal microchaetae rather sparse, pale but rather long. 1 posterior pair of dorsocentral setae of 0.165–0.17 mm. Only c. 4 acrostichal rows countable. Anepisternum bare, only 1 (posterior) katepisternal, only 0.11 mm long. Scutellum large broad, scutellars subequal: apical sc 0.24–0.25 mm, basal sc 0.19 mm. Apical scutellar seta emerges on small tubercle.</p><p>Legs brown, tarsi ochreous. Mid tibia with a 0.08 mm long ventroapical seta, but no mid ventral seta present. A distinct anterior apical seta on mid tibia. Mid tibial armature (tibial microchaetae sparse but 0.02–0.025 mm long): anterodorsals at 9/29, 21/29, a posterodorsal at 20/29. Mid basitarsus medium-long with 8 pairs of fine antero- and posteroventral setulae.</p><p>Wing similar to that of Subacuminiseta, but costa not thickened. Wing membrane light greyish yellow, veins pale yellow. Second costal section longer than third. No particularly long seta sub-basally on costa (max. 0.09 mm). Inter-crossvein section of M1+2 0.13 mm, M-M crossvein 0.07 mm. Discal cell distal edges c. 90°, lower edge with a distinct vein appendage of nearly 0.10 mm. Halter pale yellow.</p><p>Abdomen. The characters of male and female genitalia are described under the genus.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin: ‘inconspicuus’ = not remarkable) of this new species refers to the overall impression on the body, where one can find rather few remarkable features.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFCAD15EFF58F91EFBDEFB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFC9D159FF58FAEFFB96FE03.text	061487A2FFC9D159FF58FAEFFB96FE03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permixtolimosina	<div><p>Permixtolimosina gen. nov.</p><p>(Figs 75–87)</p><p>Type species: Permixtolimosina sexsetosa sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Gender: feminine.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new genus is composed from the Latin ‘permixtus’ (= strongly mixed) and the genus name Limosina (the former large genus of Limosininae).</p><p>Diagnosis. The scutellum of the new genus is with an additional (basal) pair of marginal setae. Its vein R4+5 is strongly upcurved and surstylus is long and slender. The other important features in the male genitalia: sternite 5 is large with a pair of broad medio-caudal processes, the subepandrial sclerite of Permixtolimosina is extremely large; its small asymmetrical hypandrium and the robust postgonite are stressed here. This new genus runs to couplet 45 in Papp’s (2008) key. If couplet 47 has been reached, we can get to couplets 55 and 56. Its vein R4+5 is strongly upcurved and surstylus is long and slender, its scutellum with an additional pair of marginal setae. So we can reach the genus Chespiritos Marshall, 2000 smoothly. Contrary to Chespiritos, female epiproct well-developed with a longer pair of setae, cercal setae are extremely long and spermathecae tyre-shaped with a conical basal part instead of the globular spermathecae of Chespiritos .</p><p>Description. Head. 6 (5) pairs of short widely distant pairs of interfrontal setae. Head setae comparatively short. Gena with a ventral, more microtomentose spot from vibrissa to caudal 1/4 of gena (posteriorly occupies half of genal height). Preocular and subocular setulae extremely long. First flagellomere with blunt dorsal apex. Arista with long (0.015 mm) cilia.</p><p>Thorax. Mesonotum sub-shiny with a prescutellar pair of dorsocentral setae. Acrostichal microchaetae sparse but rather long, prescutellar pair 0.08–0.09 mm long. Scutellum with a 3rd pair of basal scutellar setae of 0.08 mm. Anterior katepisternal seta (c. 0.10 mm) almost as long as posterior pair.</p><p>Legs. Mid trochanteral seta short. Mid tibia with a distinct mid ventral seta. Anterior apical seta on mid tibia rather strong.</p><p>Wing with long perpendicular setae on humeral crossvein and 3–4 perpendicular setae on first costal section. Costal vein overruns apex of R4+5 on a long section.</p><p>Abdomen comparatively narrow and long.</p><p>Male. Sternite 5 large (Fig. 75) with a pair of broad caudal processes similar to those of Biphallapodema and some species of Opalimosina, but setae are sparse, with 2 pairs of long (0.07–0.08 mm) setae only. Processes with pegs very close to each other, in contrast to Biphallapodema . Synsternite (Fig. 77) in shape very unlike that of Biphallapodema: sternite 8 part not broad, sternite 7 and sternite 8 parts completely fused. Epandrium length dorsally not greater than 0.025 mm and sparsely setose but with a large ventral, ventrally directed pair of setae (0.12 mm). Its cercal part simple but the two sides are broadly fused (Fig. 79). Hypandrium (Fig. 78) very short but very broad: a small triangular medial part, which is completely fused to the long curved arms. Hypandrial connecting sclerite to the dorsal part of phallus thin, long and black (Fig. 78). Subepandrial sclerite (better seen in anterior i.e. inner view) large, evenly sclerotised and melanised (Fig. 79). Surstylus (Figs 80–81) extremely thin and long (broadest view is ventral-subventral!), not directly connected to epandrium but through membranes. Basiphallus (Fig. 82) comparatively short and small, with a proclinate (!) epiphallus. Distiphallus (Fig. 82) also small with a pair of basally directed sub-basal processes, a pair of blunt dorsally directed lateral processes, a Ushaped thin black apical sclerite and a broad ventral sclerite, whose apical part curves dorsally. Phallapodeme (Fig. 82) very long, 0.27 mm, while phallus only 0.07 mm long. Postgonite (Fig. 82) 0.11 mm long, dorso-basal part medially curved to join basal part of distiphallus; apex blunt.</p><p>Female. Abdominal tergite 1+2 comparatively large, occupies almost 1/3 of abdominal length, medial parts completely but weaker and lighter sclerotised than lateral parts. Preabdominal tergites weakly sclerotised and small, consequently membranes between tergites and sternites large with short setulae, which emerge from small round (c. 0.05 mm) sclerites; c. 30 such sclerites between tergite 5 and sternite 5 on both sides. Tergite 8 (Fig. 83) comparatively large with a deep cranial (anterior) emargination and medial part less sclerotised but tergite 8 not divided. Sternite 8 small shield shaped with some asymmetrically placed short caudal setae, (actually composed of a small ventral and an even smaller rather membranous dorsal sclerite, faintly portrayed on Fig. 85). Epiproct (Figs 83, 85) small pentagonal with a pair of setae, which emerge extremely anteriorly. Hypoproct (Figs 84–85) larger with a pair of 0.05–0.055 mm long sub-ventrally directed setae. Cercus (Fig. 83) small, only 0.05 mm long with a pair of 0.13 mm long apical, a 0.11 mm long subapical-subdorsal and a pair of shorter subapical-sublateral setae plus one pair of thinner 0.05 mm long ventrally directed setae. Spectacles-shaped sclerite (Fig. 86) peculiar. Spermathecae (Fig. 87) extremely large; unpaired one larger than paired ones (its diameter is 0.10 mm vs. 0.06 mm). Ducts short, common sclerotised duct of the paired spermathecae extremely short.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFC9D159FF58FAEFFB96FE03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFCED159FF58FDCDFE4CF845.text	061487A2FFCED159FF58FDCDFE4CF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permixtolimosina sexsetosa	<div><p>Permixtolimosina sexsetosa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 75–87)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (BMSA): Malaise traps, broad-leaved deciduous woodland—RSA: KZN, Ndumu Game R., main camp area at: 26° 54.652’ S, 32° 19.719’E, 27–30. xi. 2009, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs—Entomology Dept., National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa. BMSA (D) 14218.</p><p>Paratypes: 3 males 4 females (BMSA, 1 male 1 female (HNHM): data same as for holotype.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.47 (holotype), 1.15–1.55 (paratypes); wing length 1.25 (holotype), 1.12–1.60 (paratypes); wing width 0.51 (holotype), 0.48–0.58 (paratypes).</p><p>Head dark brown, anterior 1/3 of frons reddish. Facial plate short, ventral part strongly protruding. Lunule rather large and continued in a flat facial ridge. First flagellomere rounded, as long as high, not longer than pedicel. Head setae comparatively short. 4–5 pairs of short interfrontal setae. Postocellar seta rather strong proclinate. Anterior fronto-orbital seta 2/3 as long as posterior pair but much thinner. A row of ventrally directed subocular setae present. Genal seta distinct but not long but other 3(4) genal setae behind it. Eye comparatively small, eye height in profile 0.20 mm, genal width below eye 0.10 mm.</p><p>Thorax. Mesonotum shiny dark brown. 1 posterior 0.15 mm long dorsocentral seta only. Prescutellar acrostichal seta 0.10 mm long. Also a second anterior postpronotal seta discernible. Acrostichal microchaetae sparse, 4–6 rows between dorsocentral lines. Basal (3rd) pair of scutellar setae of 0.08 mm present. 2 subequal katepisternals of 0.10 mm and 0.11 (0.12) mm.</p><p>Wing membrane grey with some yellowish reflection. Humeral vein dorsally with a strong seta of 0.06 mm, paired with a similar seta on costa and a long perpendicular setae on humeral crossvein and 3–4 perpendicular long (up to 0.10 mm) setae on first costal section. Fringe on first section of costal vein twice longer than that on its second section. First and second sections thickened. Second section longer than third (0.39 mm vs. 0.30 mm). Vein R4+5 strongly upcurved, costa distinctly overruns apex of R4+5. Intra-crossvein section of M1+2 0.175 mm, M-M crossvein 0.075 mm. Lower edge of discal cell slightly more than 90°, with a short vein appendage. Alula small (0.10 mm) rather broad, apex broadly rounded.</p><p>Legs. Mid femur without enlarged seta ventrally. Mid tibia without a ventral row of setae in apical 1/3. Mid tibia with a long ventroapical seta (0.075–0.08 mm), also a distinct mid ventral seta present. Mid basitarsus short (0.21 mm), 1 stronger and thicker seta developed in the posteroventral row at basal 2/7. Armature of mid tibia: 2 anterodorsals at 10/29 and 21/29 (in some specimens also a short one at 8/29), 1 dorsal seta at 23/29, 1 posterodorsal seta at 23/29, i.e. no seta posterodorsally other than the subapical one.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal tergites shiny, sternites about half as broad as tergites.</p><p>Male genitalia as described under the genus.</p><p>Female tergite 1+2 large, 0.37 mm long, sternite 2 minute with a pair of short caudal setae. Sternite 3 to sternite 5 sparsely setose, shield shaped with 2 pairs of caudal setae each. Sternite 6 broader than long, with similar setae. Female abdominal tergites weak: width/length ratios are as follow: 3rd: 45/11, 4th: 32/10, 5th: 32/12, 6th: 26/11 (i.e. less broad than sternite 6).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin ‘sexsetosa’ = with 6 setae) refers to the 3 pairs of marginal scutellar setae of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFCED159FF58FDCDFE4CF845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFCDD15AFF58FF7EFB74F8C6.text	061487A2FFCDD15AFF58FF7EFB74F8C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Preepiphallus	<div><p>Preepiphallus gen. nov.</p><p>(Figs 88–106)</p><p>Type species: Preepiphallus nitidifacies sp. nov., by present designation; additional species: P. endrodyi sp. nov.</p><p>Gender: masculine.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new genus refers to the very characteristic preepiphallus in the male genitalia.</p><p>Diagnosis. The distinctive features of the new genus are in the male genitalia: its has a large preepiphalus, synsternite weak but right side sclerites large, surstylus compact, not divided, ventral (and also apical) parts with a structure composed of minute tubules, cerci do not meet sagittally, postgonite robust; in female both epiproct and hypoproct weakly sclerotised, spermathecae long cylindrical. Body length 1.5–2.2 mm. The new genus runs to couplet 78 in Papp’s (2008) key for the Old World limosinine genera. There it is obviously different from Paralimosina: frons without M-shaped mark, male sternite 5 without outgoing process but with some short setae only, hypandrium without ventral process, etc. In contrast to the other two genera running there, the species fits neither Trilobitella L. Papp nor Aptilotus Mik.</p><p>Description. Head without inner orbitals. 2 pairs of fronto-orbital setae. Facial plate normal, i.e. antennae not in deep hollow. Interfrontal setae moderately long. First flagellomere not conical. Eyes not reduced.</p><p>Thorax. Anepisternum without setae. 2 pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals. No setulae between apical scutellar setae, disc of scutellum bare.</p><p>Wing. Costal vein not produced beyond apex of R4+5. First costal section with comparatively short setulae and basally with 2 shorter paired setae. Vein R4+5 bent up to costa.</p><p>Legs. Mid tibia with neither ventral preapical seta nor with mid ventral seta, ventroapical seta distinct. All fore tarsi white. Mid basitarsus without long anteroventral seta.</p><p>Abdomen. Both male and female preabdomen (except for male sternite 5) without peculiarities. Abdominal tergites not reduced.</p><p>Male. Sternite 5 (Figs 88, 93) large and rather simple with setae mostly on caudal half. No peculiar structure medio-caudally but more setae there. Synsternite (Fig. 94) with very short sternite 8 part; a large right side sclerite—though membranous—strongly fused to sternite 5 and connected also to sternite 6 part. Epandrium strongly convex and not short (Fig. 95), epandrial complex broadly open ventrally, without any indication of cerci, or rather, cerci seem to be fused with epandrium forming its ventromedial corner. Hypandrium strongly fused to epandrium. Subepandrial sclerite (Figs 97–98) large trapezoid, more structured than usual and clearly seen, since not covered by cercal part from outside. Surstylus (Figs 89, 96–97) not divided, apical and ventral parts composed of closely set minute tubules; caudal part may hold some setae. Basiphallus (Figs 90, 92, 101) with an extremely large pre-epiphallus, distiphallus with characteristic apical structures. Phallapodeme about as long as phallus. Postgonite (Fig. 91, 102) rather simple, broadened in its basal third, with a small anterior apex.</p><p>Female. Preabdomen: Sternite 1 not sclerotised. Sternite 2 only c. 1/5 of tergite 2 in width. Sternites 3 to 5 much broader than long but only 1/3 (S3) to 3/5 (S5) of the width of tergites. Neither tergites or sternites with long setae. Tergite 1+2 almost completely sclerotised, only mid part less strongly melanised and sclerotised. Postabdomen not telescopic as in Paralimosina spp. Sternite 6 not much narrower than sternite 5 but rather short: not much more than of length of sternite 5. Tergite 6 2/3 of tergite 5 both in width and length. Both tergite 7 and sternite 7 short, partly hidden under sclerites of segment 6. Tergite 8 (Fig. 104) consists of 2 lateral sclerites, which are broadly disconnected (though a minute less sclerotised medial platelet is present) and bear a distinct almost robust, medially directed process. Sternite 8 intricately sclerotised with sclerotised particles between sternite 8 and epandrium (Fig. 104). Epiproct (Fig. 105) comparatively large pentagonal with a pair of minute setae, hypoproct small. Hypoproct is a broader plate with short thick discoloured setulae. Cercus bears 2 long and several shorter setae. Spermathecae (Fig. 106) long cylindrical rather than pear-shaped (cf. those in Paralimosina spp.), surface transversely reticulate, basally (distally) with minute warts; sclerotised parts of ducts short.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFCDD15AFF58FF7EFB74F8C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFCDD15BFF58F8ADFD78FCC7.text	061487A2FFCDD15BFF58F8ADFD78FCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Preepiphallus endrodyi	<div><p>Preepiphallus endrodyi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 88–92)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNHM): Ghana, Ho, air plankton, Abuadi-Kpeze, c. 50 km, 17:30–19:00, 15. 9. 1971, No. 475, leg. Endrődy-Y.[ounga].</p><p>Paratypes (HNHM): 1 male (abdomen with genitalia in a plastic microvial with glycerol): same data; 2 females (abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a plastic microvial with glycerol): ibid., Ho, Volta region, N 6° 70' E 0° 03' (actually same data as for holotype); 1 male: Ghana, Kumasi, 24–25. VI. 1965., No. 16, leg. Endrődy-Y. 1 male: Ghana: Kwadaso, on light, No. 397, 0 1.09.1969.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.52 (holotype), 1.45–1.72 (paratypes); wing length 1.44 (holotype), 1.38–1.65 (paratypes); wing width c. 0.65 (holotype), 0.58–0.68 (paratypes); i.e. somewhat smaller than P. nitidifacie s. Most of its body characteristics, incl. those of the female genitalia are rather similar to the type species of this new genus, i.e. to P. nitidifacies . Therefore only the different features found in the male genitalia are described here.</p><p>Male sternite 5 large (Fig. 88), caudal margin concave contrary to P. nitidifacies, medio-caudal part with numerous medium-long setae in c. 3 rows. Surstylus (Fig. 89) with a digitiform apical process, apical part up to that processes bears small tubules; tubules occupy apical part of surstylus, caudally with 3 long setae (in contrast to P. nitidifacies). Basiphallus (Figs 90, 92) with pre-epiphallus slightly curved, thicker but shorter than in P. nitidifacies . Distiphallus (Fig. 90) rounded most apically but with a subapical ventral and 2 pair of short lateral processes. Postgonite (Fig. 91) with subapical part narrowed (cf. Fig. 102)</p><p>Etymology. I named this new species after the late DR. SEBŐ ENDRŐDY-YOUNGA, the famous coleopterist, who collected many invaluable specimens of Sphaeroceridae with soil traps and by air plankton sampling (some others are described also in the present paper).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFCDD15BFF58F8ADFD78FCC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFCCD156FF58F88CFDB6FD25.text	061487A2FFCCD156FF58F88CFDB6FD25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Preepiphallus nitidifacies	<div><p>Preepiphallus nitidifacies sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 93–106)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (NMSA): MALAWI: Ntchisi forest reserve, 1334Ac 1500 m, Londt &amp; Stuckenberg, 34. xii.1980. Montane forest &amp; woodland—NATAL MUSEUM Pietermaritzburg, South Africa—NMSA-DIP 58701. Abdomen with genitalia in a microvial with glycerol and with the label: “find prep. ♂ postabdomen in 6 pieces.</p><p>Paratypes: 2 females (NMSA): same data as for holotype; 3 females (NMSA, 1 female in HNHM): SOUTH AFRICA: KZN, Royal Natal N. Park, 1450 m, 28° 41.362’ S, 28° 56.327’E, Malaise tr., stream y-wood. Date: 10– 13. XII. 2004. Coll: M. Mostovski. 1 female (NMSA): S. AFRICA: Natal #45, Mhlatusana, 18. xii. ’90, 29° 48’ S: 30° 45’E, 500 m. Reared out: 18. i. 1991. Coll. A.E. Whittington, from Hyrax Faeces. 1 male 1 female (BMSA): Malaise traps, Leucosedea -dominated scrub—RSA: KZN, Royal Natal N. Park, Thendele, 1600 m, 28° 41.378’ S, 28°56.083’E, 15–17. ii. 2010, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs—Entomology Dept. National Museum, B.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.50 (holotype), 2.00–2.18 (paratypes); wing length 1.48 (holotype), 1.83–2.56 (paratypes); wing width 0.66 (holotype), 0.85–1.04 (paratypes).</p><p>Head. Frons reddish anteriorly, head mainly black (dark brown). Facial plate brilliantly shiny, cheek, lunule and frontal triangle strongly shiny. Frontal triangle close to an isosceles: broad posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly only narrowly rounded apically. Gena shiny but finely longitudinally dashed, like rest of frons. Anterior frontoorbitals seta 2/3 as long as posterior one but ca. half as thick. 4 moderately long interfrontal setae present. Both vertical setae long. Inner occipital seta 0.175–0.19 mm, outer occipital seta as long as anterior fronto-orbital. First flagellomere large conical with an almost sharp dorsal apex. Longest (medial) pedicel seta as long as medial one, 0.19 mm. Arista very long, 0.94–0.98 mm. Aristal cilia 0.02 mm, like cilia on first flagellomere. Genal seta upcurved, rather long 0.11–0.125 mm.</p><p>Thorax. Mesonotum blackish with grey microtomentum, i.e. moderately shiny. 2 dorsocentral pairs, anterior one as long as posterior one and much thinner. Posterior dorsocentral seta 0.45 mm long, apical scutellar seta 0.59 mm. No enlarged prescutellar acrostichal seta developed. Only 1 (posterior) katepisternal seta.</p><p>Legs very dark, blackish brown, fore tarsus lighter brown, mid and hind tarsi ochreous. No mid ventral seta on mid tibia. Male mid tibia with a ventral row of short and thick setae on its apical 1/3. Male mid femur in basal 1/3 to 3/7 with a row of 6 long, apically curved setae plus 1 subapical anterior seta. Mid basitarsus very long, 0.45 mm, with dense comparatively short anteroventral and posteroventral rows of setulae. Mid tibial armature: anterodorsals at 21/50, 36/50, a very long one more dorsally at 4/5, a thinner and shorter dorsal seta at 37/50; posterodorsals at 18/50, a very long seta at 36/50.</p><p>Wing membrane light brownish grey, veins light brown. 2 sub-basal seta on costal vein of 0.175 mm and 0.125–0.15 mm. Second costal section (0.65 mm) slightly shorter than third section (0.67 mm). Costa continued to the apex of R4+5 or only slightly overruns it. Vein R4+5 almost straight basally but slightly bent up in its apical half. Lower edge of discal cell distinctly more than 90°, with a small vein appendage. Alula very narrow. Halter light yellow. Inter-crossvein section of M1+2 0.35 mm, M-M crossvein 0.16 mm.</p><p>Abdomen. Abdominal sternites much broader than long, tergites shiny.</p><p>Male sternite 5 (Fig. 93) broad and long with a broad medio-caudal emargination, setae mostly on caudal half, some more setae medio-caudally but in one row only. Synsternite (Fig. 94) with very short sternite 8 part, sternite 6 part joins to a large right-side sclerite. Epandrium strongly convex and not short (Fig. 95), epandrial complex broadly open ventrally, without any indication of cerci; i.e. cerci seem to be fused with epandrium forming its ventromedial corner. Hypandrium short and strongly fused to epandrium (Fig. 95). Surstylus (Figs 96–97, 99) without apical process, apical part blunt (high), tubules occupy only apical 2/3 of surstylus only, caudal part without long setae. Basiphallus (Fig. 101) looks less high than in P. endrodyi, with a straight, long and thin preepiphallus. Distiphallus (Fig. 101) with a cap-like dorsal subapical to apical structure and a perpendicular medial pair of sclerites, basal half comparatively narrow. Phallapodeme about as long as phallus. Postgonite (Fig. 102) broadened subapically, with a small anterior apex.</p><p>Female. Hitherto I have not found any distinctive feature to separate its female from that of P. endrodyi .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species (Latin ‘nitidifacies’ = bright face, noun) refers to its polished shiny facial plate (= prefrons).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFCCD156FF58F88CFDB6FD25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFC1D157FF58FCD7FD8FFD1E.text	061487A2FFC1D157FF58FCD7FD8FFD1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Subacuminiseta	<div><p>Subacuminiseta gen. nov.</p><p>(Figs 107–118)</p><p>Type species: Subacuminiseta minor sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Gender: feminine.</p><p>Etymology. The name of the new genus is composed from the Latin ‘sub’ (= under) and the genus name Acuminiseta, a genus where it has some similarity in body characters.</p><p>Diagnosis. A very small fly with particularly sparse setae on body and legs. It is characterised by a special set of features: it has no postocellar seta, its costal vein thickened, projecting far beyond apex of R4+5, it has only 1 pair of dorsocentral setae, there is no mid ventral seta on mid tibia, its male mid tibia is without a row of antero-ventral setae; its male genitalia are also unique with basiphallus and distiphallus large thick and strongly fused to each other (Fig. 113), this complex is with 2 very large ventral processes, which I would not name as epiphallus or preepiphallus, its postgonite large with two apices. In female tergite 8 not divided, epiproct very weakly sclerotised with a pair of weak central pair of setae, sternite 8 very small, weakly sclerotised in 2 transverse parts, cercus oblique with several short apical and subapical setae, its spermathecae are subequal pear-shaped. As for its position in Papp’s (2008) key, there is a bias between couplet 29 and 31: arista is very long but not long-haired. It seems better to follow couplet 29; if so, male fore claw normal, and only 2 pairs of long interfrontal setae present. That is, our new genus keys to Paracuminiseta L.Papp, but it differs from Paracuminiseta in the characters described above.</p><p>Description. Head. Two pairs of fronto-orbital setae, posterior pair slightly reclinate, ocellar seta and 2 pairs of interfrontal setae strong (at most a 3rd minute ifr on the right side). No inner orbital setae. Both outer and inner vertical setae normal, outer and inner occipitals minute. Neither postocellars nor postoculars developed. No genal seta, 4–5 weak peristomals present. Antenna not in a hollow, facial plate protruding medially. Pedicel of antenna (Fig. 107) actually longer than first flagellomere, its central apical process characteristically long. First flagellomere with a distinct dorsal apical apex, but that apex not sharp. Arista long, shortly ciliate and not apically placed; basal aristomeres comparatively long.</p><p>Thorax. Scutellum without additional setae. Only 1 pair of posterior dorsocentral setae. Anepisternum bare.</p><p>Legs with short and sparse setae. Mid tibia without ventral preapical or mid ventral seta, ventroapical seta comparatively strong. No posterodorsal seta in basal half of mid tibia.</p><p>Wing unicolorous, not even crossvein clouded. Costal vein thickened and much overruns (continued over) apex of R4+5, vein R4+5 bent up in an arch.</p><p>Male sternite 5 (Fig. 108) with a large medio-caudal, less sclerotised part, which covered by fine dense hairs. Synsternite (Fig. 109) with a very short narrow sternite 6 part and a large broad sternite 8 part; sternite 8 part with 2 thick marginal setae. Epandrium (Fig. 110) with a large ventro-caudal process, epandrial complex broadly fused caudally, cercus lengthened ventrally with a long seta. Hypandrium comparatively weak, arms rather thin but fused to epandrium and strongly connected to postgonites (Fig. 115); medial part of hypandrium weakly sclerotised and not longer than arms. Subepandrial sclerite (Fig. 111) much broader than high. Surstylus (Fig. 110) shorter than high with a ventral process, which bears an anteriorly directed thorn, surstylus otherwise simple with several setae. Basiphallus and distiphallus large, thick and strongly fused to each other (Fig. 113), similarly to that of the Oriental Pseudoacuminiseta (Papp 2008: fig. 280). The complex has 2 very large ventral processes, which I would not name as epiphallus or pre-epiphallus. Basiphallus in caudal view with a broad though less sclerotised lobe (Fig. 114). Distiphallus deeply divided in its apical part. Phallapodeme (Figs 113–114) with a basal discus-shaped thickening, similarly to that in some Ceroptera spp. Also postgonite (Fig. 115) peculiar: large with two apices: anterior apical process simple but pointed, posterior process long curved and caudally directed.</p><p>Female. Tergite 8 (Fig. 116) not divided, epiproct very weakly sclerotised with a pair of weak central pair of setae. Cercus (Fig. 116) oblique with several short apical and subapical setae. Sternite 8 very small, weakly sclerotised in 2 transverse parts. Epiproct very weakly sclerotised. Hypoproct small (Fig. 117). Spermathecae (Fig. 118) pear-shaped but distal end with a bulb each, sclerotised part of ducts extremely short with another bulb each; not sclerotised part of ducts are very thin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFC1D157FF58FCD7FD8FFD1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
061487A2FFC7D151FF58FA5FFAC7FCC4.text	061487A2FFC7D151FF58FA5FFAC7FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Subacuminiseta minor	<div><p>Subacuminiseta minor sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 107–118)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNHM, body embedded in a good quality canada balsam preparation between two pieces of cover glass, abdomen and genitalia prepared and kept in a polyethylene microvial with glycerol): Ghana, Ho, air plankton, Abuadi-Kpeze, c. 50 km, 17:30–19:00, 15. 9. 1971, No. 475, leg. Endrődy-Y.[ounga].</p><p>Paratypes (HNHM): 2 females (one of them in a good quality canada balsam preparation, head, abdomen and genitalia in a polyethylene microvial with glycerol): ibid., Volta region, N 6° 70' E 0° 03' - air plankton, 15 Nov 1971, No. 475, S. Endrődy-Younga.</p><p>Description. Measurements in mm: body length 1.10 (holotype), c. 1.12, 1.15 (paratypes); wing length not measurable on holotype, c. 0.98, 1.00 (paratypes); wing width not measurable on holotype, 0.47, 0.475 (paratypes). Body weakly sclerotised and not granulose.</p><p>Head broad, 0.26 mm, i.e. broader than thorax, but comparatively short. Facial plate much broader than high, large but flat swelling between antennae; antennal bases broadly distant (0.07 mm). Clypeus broad but only 0.025 mm high. Gena broad. Height of eye in profile (paratype female) 0.09 mm, genal width 0.085 mm. Vibrissa very long (0.10 mm) compared to the body length. No genal seta, longer peristomals on ventral margin of gena of 0.05 mm and 0.03 mm. 2 closely set short fronto-orbital setae. One long posterior and 1 very long (0.07–0.08 mm) anterior interfrontal setae. Ocellar seta not long (0.075 mm) but comparatively thick. Both inner and outer vertical setae strong, inner and outer occipital setae weak, postocellar indistinct. A definite row of pale preocular setulae present. Scape small, its medial seta only 0.03 mm. Pedicel with long setae in inner and dorsal apex only. First flagellomere with a distinct dorsal edge; apex with long cilia. Arista extremely long, c. 0.50 mm (paratype female).</p><p>Thorax with only 1 prescutellar dorsocentral seta. Apical scutellar seta 0.09 mm long. Anepisternum bare, 1 comparatively long (0.09 mm) katepisternal seta.</p><p>Legs with short and sparse setae. Trochanters without any setae. Claws and pulvilli normal, or rather, claws minute. Mid tibia without mid ventral seta, ventroapical seta comparatively strong. Mid tibial armature: anterodorsals at 9/26 (rather strong), 21/26 (strong), posterodorsal seta at 20/26. Mid basitarsus not particularly long, anteroventral and posteroventral rows of setulae even and normal. Hind tibia apical thornlet very short, only 0.015 mm. Hind basitarsus 0.06 mm long, second tarsomere 0.09 mm.</p><p>Wings. Costal vein much overruns apex of R4+5. Vein R4+5 strongly upcurved. Inter-crossvein section of M1+2 0.09 mm, M-M crossvein 0.075 mm, i.e. not much shorter. Both distal edges of discal cell larger than 90°, lower edge with a short appendage.</p><p>Abdomen. Preabdominal sclerites (except for male sternite 5) do not show any peculiarities. Male and female genitalia are described under the genus.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species refers to the Latin name ‘minor’ (small, noun).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/061487A2FFC7D151FF58FA5FFAC7FCC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Papp, László	Papp, László (2014): New genera of Afrotropical limosinine sphaerocerids (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae). Zootaxa 3764 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.1
